Based on research concerning dynamic relationships of winter wheat growth to environments and production conditions, a winter wheat model for selecting suitable sowing date, population density and sowing rate under di...Based on research concerning dynamic relationships of winter wheat growth to environments and production conditions, a winter wheat model for selecting suitable sowing date, population density and sowing rate under different varieties, spatial and temporal environments was developed. Case studies on sowing date with the data sets of five different eco-sites, three climatic years and soil fertility levels, and on population density and sowing rate with the data sets of two different variety types, three different soil types, soil fertility levels, sowing dates and grain yield levels indicate a good model performance for decision-making.展开更多
Sowing date and seeding rate are critical for productivity of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).A three-year field experiment was conducted with three sowing dates(20 September(SD1),1 October(SD2),and 10 October(SD3)...Sowing date and seeding rate are critical for productivity of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).A three-year field experiment was conducted with three sowing dates(20 September(SD1),1 October(SD2),and 10 October(SD3)) and three seeding rates(SR67.5,SR90,and SR112.5) to determine suitable sowing date and seeding rate for high wheat yield.A large seasonal variation in accumulated temperature from sowing to winter dormancy was observed among three growing seasons.Suitable sowing dates for strong seedlings before winter varied with the seasons,that was SD2 in 2012–2013,SD3 in 2013–2014,and SD2 as well as SD1 in 2014–2015.Seasonal variation in precipitation during summer fallow also had substantial effects on soil water storage,and consequently influenced grain yield through soil water consumption from winter dormancy to maturity stages.Lower consumption of soil water from winter dormancy to booting stages could make more water available for productive growth from anthesis to maturity stages,leading to higher grain yield.SD2 combined with SR90 had the lowest soil water consumption from winter dormancy to booting stages in 2012–2013 and 2014–2015; while in 2013–2014,it was close to that with SR67.5 or SR112.5.For productive growth from anthesis to maturity stages,SD2 with SR90 had the highest soil water consumption in all three seasons.The highest water consumption in the productive growth period resulted in the best grain yield in both low and high rainfall years.Ear number largely contributed to the seasonal variation in grain yield,while grain number per ear and 1 000-grain weight also contributed to grain yield,especially when soil water storage was high.Our results indicate that sowing date and seeding rate affect grain yield through seedling development before winter and also affect soil water consumption in different growth periods.By selecting the suitable sowing date(1 October) in combination with the proper seeding rate of 90 kg ha–1,the best yield was achieved.Based on these results,we recommend that the current sowing date be delayed from 22 or 23 September to 1 October.展开更多
Lodging resistance of winter wheat(Trnticum aestivum L.) can be increased by late sowing.However, whether grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) can be maintained with delayed sowing remains unknown. During the ...Lodging resistance of winter wheat(Trnticum aestivum L.) can be increased by late sowing.However, whether grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) can be maintained with delayed sowing remains unknown. During the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 growing seasons, two winter wheat cultivars were sown on three dates(early sowing on October 1, normal so,wing on October8, and late sowing on October 15) to investigate the responses of lodging resistance, grain yield,and NUE to sowing date. No significant differences in lodging resistance, grain yield, or NUE between early and normal sowing were observed. Averaging over the two cultivars and years,postponing the sowing date significantly increased lodging resistance by 53.6% and 49.6%compared with that following early and normal sowing, respectively. Lodging resistance was improved mainly through a reduction in the culm height at the center of gravity and an increase in the tensile strength of the base internode. Late sowing resulted in similar grain yield as well as kernel weight and number of kernels per square meter, compared to early and normal sowing.Averaging over the two cultivars and years, delayed sowing resulted in a reduction in nitrogen uptake efficiency(UPE) by 11.0% and 9.9% compared to early and normal sowing, respectively,owing to reduced root length density and dry matter accumulation before anthesis. An average increase in nitrogen utilization efficiency(UTE) of 12.9% and 11.2% compared to early and normal sowing, respectively, was observed with late sowing owing to a reduction in the grain nitrogen concentration. The increase in UTE offset the reduction in UPE, resulting in equal NUEs among all sowing dates. Thus, sowing later than normal could increase lodging resistance while maintaining grain yield and NUE.展开更多
自工业革命以来,气候变化加剧导致华北平原中北部冬小麦-夏玉米生长条件发生改变,调整冬小麦播期对该地区实施“两早-两晚”技术具有重要意义。本试验基于中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站2016—2023年限水灌溉条件下冬小麦7个生育期4...自工业革命以来,气候变化加剧导致华北平原中北部冬小麦-夏玉米生长条件发生改变,调整冬小麦播期对该地区实施“两早-两晚”技术具有重要意义。本试验基于中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站2016—2023年限水灌溉条件下冬小麦7个生育期4个播期2个品种的试验数据,确定以稳产为前提的冬小麦适宜播期及满足适播的热量条件。4个播期分别为当地正常播期(播期1)以及每个播期在上一个播期基础上推迟5~7 d (播期2、3和4)。结果表明,除‘石优20’外,冬小麦在播期2后产量明显下降,播期4与其他3个播期下的产量差异较大,根据本试验条件适播日期为10月12—24日,以作物发育基点温度为0℃计算的冬前积温和生育期总积温需分别达350和2 010℃·d。不同播期通过积温影响冬小麦各阶段生育期,随着播期的推迟,不同生长阶段(播种—越冬、越冬—拔节、拔节—扬花和扬花—收获)持续时间变化分别为缩短、延长、延长和缩短,且不同品种对播期的响应不同。晚播冬小麦冬前不具备充分分蘖的气象条件,在拔节期形成最大群体,发育进程滞后影响群体数量以及生殖生长持续时间,从而导致作物减产。冬小麦扬花前生物量增长速率与小麦群体动态变化同步,若冬末春初遇到高温,晚播冬小麦能弥补前期生长进程过慢产生的差距。播期对产量三要素产生的影响为:穗数降低、穗粒数增加和千粒重变化无统计学差异,晚播冬小麦收获指数高于早播,籽粒品质随播期推迟存在下降趋势,但不同品种间存在差异。通过本研究得到以下结论:在温度升高的气候变化背景下,冬小麦适宜播种日期可推迟2.6 d,为夏玉米延长灌浆期晚收获创造条件,研究结果为华北平原中北部实施“两早-两晚”技术的决策提供了理论支撑,为农业发展适应气候变化减轻压力。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30030090) National“863”Plans of China(2001AA245041,2001AA115420).
文摘Based on research concerning dynamic relationships of winter wheat growth to environments and production conditions, a winter wheat model for selecting suitable sowing date, population density and sowing rate under different varieties, spatial and temporal environments was developed. Case studies on sowing date with the data sets of five different eco-sites, three climatic years and soil fertility levels, and on population density and sowing rate with the data sets of two different variety types, three different soil types, soil fertility levels, sowing dates and grain yield levels indicate a good model performance for decision-making.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-0301-24)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771727)+5 种基金the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2015BAD23B04-2)The research project was also supported by the Shanxi Scholarship Council,China (2015Key 4)the Shanxi Science and Technology Innovation Team Project,China (201605D131041)the Jinzhong Science and Technology Plan Project,China (Y172007-2)the Sanjin Scholar Support Special Funds,Chinathe Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China (201503120)
文摘Sowing date and seeding rate are critical for productivity of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).A three-year field experiment was conducted with three sowing dates(20 September(SD1),1 October(SD2),and 10 October(SD3)) and three seeding rates(SR67.5,SR90,and SR112.5) to determine suitable sowing date and seeding rate for high wheat yield.A large seasonal variation in accumulated temperature from sowing to winter dormancy was observed among three growing seasons.Suitable sowing dates for strong seedlings before winter varied with the seasons,that was SD2 in 2012–2013,SD3 in 2013–2014,and SD2 as well as SD1 in 2014–2015.Seasonal variation in precipitation during summer fallow also had substantial effects on soil water storage,and consequently influenced grain yield through soil water consumption from winter dormancy to maturity stages.Lower consumption of soil water from winter dormancy to booting stages could make more water available for productive growth from anthesis to maturity stages,leading to higher grain yield.SD2 combined with SR90 had the lowest soil water consumption from winter dormancy to booting stages in 2012–2013 and 2014–2015; while in 2013–2014,it was close to that with SR67.5 or SR112.5.For productive growth from anthesis to maturity stages,SD2 with SR90 had the highest soil water consumption in all three seasons.The highest water consumption in the productive growth period resulted in the best grain yield in both low and high rainfall years.Ear number largely contributed to the seasonal variation in grain yield,while grain number per ear and 1 000-grain weight also contributed to grain yield,especially when soil water storage was high.Our results indicate that sowing date and seeding rate affect grain yield through seedling development before winter and also affect soil water consumption in different growth periods.By selecting the suitable sowing date(1 October) in combination with the proper seeding rate of 90 kg ha–1,the best yield was achieved.Based on these results,we recommend that the current sowing date be delayed from 22 or 23 September to 1 October.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB150404)Shandong Province Higher Education Science and Technology Program (J15LF07)Youth Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Shandong Agricultural University (2014-2)
文摘Lodging resistance of winter wheat(Trnticum aestivum L.) can be increased by late sowing.However, whether grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) can be maintained with delayed sowing remains unknown. During the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 growing seasons, two winter wheat cultivars were sown on three dates(early sowing on October 1, normal so,wing on October8, and late sowing on October 15) to investigate the responses of lodging resistance, grain yield,and NUE to sowing date. No significant differences in lodging resistance, grain yield, or NUE between early and normal sowing were observed. Averaging over the two cultivars and years,postponing the sowing date significantly increased lodging resistance by 53.6% and 49.6%compared with that following early and normal sowing, respectively. Lodging resistance was improved mainly through a reduction in the culm height at the center of gravity and an increase in the tensile strength of the base internode. Late sowing resulted in similar grain yield as well as kernel weight and number of kernels per square meter, compared to early and normal sowing.Averaging over the two cultivars and years, delayed sowing resulted in a reduction in nitrogen uptake efficiency(UPE) by 11.0% and 9.9% compared to early and normal sowing, respectively,owing to reduced root length density and dry matter accumulation before anthesis. An average increase in nitrogen utilization efficiency(UTE) of 12.9% and 11.2% compared to early and normal sowing, respectively, was observed with late sowing owing to a reduction in the grain nitrogen concentration. The increase in UTE offset the reduction in UPE, resulting in equal NUEs among all sowing dates. Thus, sowing later than normal could increase lodging resistance while maintaining grain yield and NUE.
文摘自工业革命以来,气候变化加剧导致华北平原中北部冬小麦-夏玉米生长条件发生改变,调整冬小麦播期对该地区实施“两早-两晚”技术具有重要意义。本试验基于中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站2016—2023年限水灌溉条件下冬小麦7个生育期4个播期2个品种的试验数据,确定以稳产为前提的冬小麦适宜播期及满足适播的热量条件。4个播期分别为当地正常播期(播期1)以及每个播期在上一个播期基础上推迟5~7 d (播期2、3和4)。结果表明,除‘石优20’外,冬小麦在播期2后产量明显下降,播期4与其他3个播期下的产量差异较大,根据本试验条件适播日期为10月12—24日,以作物发育基点温度为0℃计算的冬前积温和生育期总积温需分别达350和2 010℃·d。不同播期通过积温影响冬小麦各阶段生育期,随着播期的推迟,不同生长阶段(播种—越冬、越冬—拔节、拔节—扬花和扬花—收获)持续时间变化分别为缩短、延长、延长和缩短,且不同品种对播期的响应不同。晚播冬小麦冬前不具备充分分蘖的气象条件,在拔节期形成最大群体,发育进程滞后影响群体数量以及生殖生长持续时间,从而导致作物减产。冬小麦扬花前生物量增长速率与小麦群体动态变化同步,若冬末春初遇到高温,晚播冬小麦能弥补前期生长进程过慢产生的差距。播期对产量三要素产生的影响为:穗数降低、穗粒数增加和千粒重变化无统计学差异,晚播冬小麦收获指数高于早播,籽粒品质随播期推迟存在下降趋势,但不同品种间存在差异。通过本研究得到以下结论:在温度升高的气候变化背景下,冬小麦适宜播种日期可推迟2.6 d,为夏玉米延长灌浆期晚收获创造条件,研究结果为华北平原中北部实施“两早-两晚”技术的决策提供了理论支撑,为农业发展适应气候变化减轻压力。
