Thermal management smart windows can regulate indoor temperature by adjusting the intensity or spectral distribution of incoming solar radiation.This functionality helps reduce the energy demand of heating,ventilation...Thermal management smart windows can regulate indoor temperature by adjusting the intensity or spectral distribution of incoming solar radiation.This functionality helps reduce the energy demand of heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning(HVAC)systems,thereby contributing to energy conservation,emission reduction,and the achievement of carbon neutrality.Thermochromic hydrogels,with their intrinsic temperature responsiveness,broadband optical modulation capability,facile tunability,and low cost,have become ideal thermochromic materials for thermal management smart windows.This review focuses on thermochromic hydrogels for thermal management smart windows and introduces the research progress of intrinsic thermochromic hydrogels and their thermal management smart windows from the perspectives of chemical modification strategies and physical modification strategies.Then,the research progress of composite thermochromic hydrogels and their applications in thermal management smart windows is systematically reviewed,with particular emphasis on the incorporation of photothermal conversion fillers and thermochromic components.Moreover,current challenges and potential improvement strategies of thermochromic hydrogels for thermal management smart windows are identified and discussed.The aim of this review is to systematically summarize the optimization strategies for thermochromic hydrogels in thermal management smart windows and to provide guidance for future in-depth research,thereby promoting the advancement and application of thermochromic hydrogels for smart windows.展开更多
Background The combination of an augmented reality(AR)headset and a smartphone can simultaneously provide a wider display and a precise touch input;it can redefine the way we use applications today.However,users are d...Background The combination of an augmented reality(AR)headset and a smartphone can simultaneously provide a wider display and a precise touch input;it can redefine the way we use applications today.However,users are deprived of such benefits owing to the independence of the two devices.There is a lack of intuitive and direct interactions between them.Methods In this study,we conduct a formative investigation to understand the window management requirements and interaction preferences of using an AR headset and a smartphone simultaneously and report the insights we gained.In addition,we introduce an example vocabulary of window management operations in the AR headset and smartphone interface.Results This allows users to manipulate windows in a virtual space and shift windows between devices efficiently and seamlessly.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52473083)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2024JC-TBZC-04)+4 种基金the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(2024RS-CXTD-57)Foundation of Aeronautics Science Fund(2024Z054053002)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2025JC-YBQN-587)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(D5000240067)Undergraduate Innovation&Business Program in Northwestern Polytechnical University(202510699268 and S202510699635).
文摘Thermal management smart windows can regulate indoor temperature by adjusting the intensity or spectral distribution of incoming solar radiation.This functionality helps reduce the energy demand of heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning(HVAC)systems,thereby contributing to energy conservation,emission reduction,and the achievement of carbon neutrality.Thermochromic hydrogels,with their intrinsic temperature responsiveness,broadband optical modulation capability,facile tunability,and low cost,have become ideal thermochromic materials for thermal management smart windows.This review focuses on thermochromic hydrogels for thermal management smart windows and introduces the research progress of intrinsic thermochromic hydrogels and their thermal management smart windows from the perspectives of chemical modification strategies and physical modification strategies.Then,the research progress of composite thermochromic hydrogels and their applications in thermal management smart windows is systematically reviewed,with particular emphasis on the incorporation of photothermal conversion fillers and thermochromic components.Moreover,current challenges and potential improvement strategies of thermochromic hydrogels for thermal management smart windows are identified and discussed.The aim of this review is to systematically summarize the optimization strategies for thermochromic hydrogels in thermal management smart windows and to provide guidance for future in-depth research,thereby promoting the advancement and application of thermochromic hydrogels for smart windows.
基金Supported by Key Basic Research Projects of the Foundation Strengthening Program (2020-JCJQ-ZD-014-12)
文摘Background The combination of an augmented reality(AR)headset and a smartphone can simultaneously provide a wider display and a precise touch input;it can redefine the way we use applications today.However,users are deprived of such benefits owing to the independence of the two devices.There is a lack of intuitive and direct interactions between them.Methods In this study,we conduct a formative investigation to understand the window management requirements and interaction preferences of using an AR headset and a smartphone simultaneously and report the insights we gained.In addition,we introduce an example vocabulary of window management operations in the AR headset and smartphone interface.Results This allows users to manipulate windows in a virtual space and shift windows between devices efficiently and seamlessly.
