Recent studies, focused on dihedral angles and intersection processes, have increased understandings of conjugate fault mechanisms. We present new 3-D seismic data and microstructural core analysis in a case study of ...Recent studies, focused on dihedral angles and intersection processes, have increased understandings of conjugate fault mechanisms. We present new 3-D seismic data and microstructural core analysis in a case study of a large conjugate strike-slip fault system from the intracratonic Tarim Basin, NW China. Within our study area, ＂X＂ type NE and NW trending faults occur within Cambrian- Ordovician carbonates. The dihedral angles of these conjugate faults have narrow ranges, 19~ to 62~ in the Cambrian and 26~ to 51~ in the Ordovician, and their modes are 42~ and 44~ respectively. These data are significantly different from the ~60~ predicted by the Coulomb fracture criterion. It is concluded that： （1） The dihedral angles of the conjugate faults were not controlled by confining pressure, which was low and associated with shallow burial; （2） As dihedral angles were not controlled by pressure they can be used to determine the shortening direction during faulting; （3） Sequential slip may have played an important role in forming conjugate fault intersections; （4） The conjugate fault system of the Tarim basin initiated as rhombic joints; these subsequently developed into sequentially active ＂X＂ type conjugate faults; followed by preferential development of the NW-trending faults; then reactivation of the NE trending faults. This intact rhombic conjugate fault system presents new insights into mechanisms of dihedral angle development, with particular relevance to intracratonic basins.展开更多
BACKGROUND The femoral neck dynamic intersection system(FNS)is mechanically more stable than other internal fixation techniques.Current studies have confirmed that the structural design of FNS has good biomechanical p...BACKGROUND The femoral neck dynamic intersection system(FNS)is mechanically more stable than other internal fixation techniques.Current studies have confirmed that the structural design of FNS has good biomechanical properties in European and American populations.However,whether the suitability of the FNS's 130°main nail angle design for Asian populations has been thoroughly investigated remains unclear.AIM To compare the biomechanical stability differences among different main nail angles of the FNS in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in Asian populations.METHODS Computed tomography data of the femur of healthy adult male volunteers were imported into Mimics software to create a three-dimensional model of the femur.The model was adapted to the curve using Geomagic software and imported into Solidworks software to construct the Pauwels I femoral neck fracture model and design the FNS internal fixation model using different main nail angles.Afterward,the models were assembled with the FNS fracture model and meshed using the preprocessing Hypermesh software.Subsequently,they were imported into Abaqus software to analyze and evaluate the biomechanical effects of different angles of the FNS main nail on the treatment of femoral neck fractures.RESULTS The peak displacement of the proximal femur under different angles of FNS fixation under stress was 7.446 millimeters in the 120°group and 7.416 millimeters in the 125°group;in the 130°,135°,and 140°FNS fixation groups,the peak displacement was 7.324 millimeters,8.138 millimeters,and 8.246 millimeters,respectively.In the 120°and 125°FNS fixation groups,the maximum stresses were concentrated at the main nail and the anti-rotation screw,which intersected the fracture line of the femur neck,resulting in peak stresses of 200.7 MPa and 138.8 MPa,respectively.Peak stresses of 208.8 MPa,219.8 MPa,and 239.3 MPa were observed on the angular locking plate distal to the locking screw in the 130°,135°,and 140°fixation groups.CONCLUSION FNS has significant stress distribution properties,a minimal proximal femoral displacement,and an optimal stability for treating femoral neck fractures in Asian populations when performed with a 130°main nail angle.展开更多
Understanding unsaturated flow behaviors in fractured rocks is essential for various applications.A fundamental process in this regard is flow splitting at fracture intersections.However,the impact of geometrical prop...Understanding unsaturated flow behaviors in fractured rocks is essential for various applications.A fundamental process in this regard is flow splitting at fracture intersections.However,the impact of geometrical properties of fracture intersections on flow splitting is still unclear.This work investigates the combined influence of geometry(intersection angle,fracture apertures,and inclination angle),liquid droplet length,inertia,and dynamic wetting properties on liquid splitting dynamics at fracture intersections.A theoretical model of liquid splitting is developed,considering the factors mentioned above,and numerically solved to predict the flow splitting behavior.The model is validated against carefullycontrolled visualized experiments.Our results reveal two distinct splitting behaviors,separated by a critical droplet length.These behaviors shift from a monotonic to a non-monotonic trend with decreasing inclination angle.A comprehensive analysis further clarifies the impacts of the key factors on the splitting ratio,which is defined as the percentage of liquid volume entering the branch fracture.The splitting ratio decreases with increasing inclination angle,indicating a decrease in the gravitational effect on the branch fracture,which is directly proportional to the intersection angle.A non-monotonic relationship exists between the splitting ratio and the aperture ratio of the branch fracture to the main fracture.The results show that as the intersection angle decreases,the splitting ratio increases.Additionally,the influence of dynamic contact angles decreases with increasing intersection angle.These findings enhance our understanding of the impact of geometry on flow dynamics at fracture intersections.The proposed model provides a foundation for simulating and predicting unsaturated flow in complex fractured networks.展开更多
All-position robots are widely applied in the welding of complicated parts.Welding of intersecting pipes is one of the most typical tasks.The welding seam is a complicated saddle-like space curve,which puts a great ch...All-position robots are widely applied in the welding of complicated parts.Welding of intersecting pipes is one of the most typical tasks.The welding seam is a complicated saddle-like space curve,which puts a great challenge to the pose planning of end-effector.The special robots designed specifically for this kind of tasks are rare in China and lack sufficient theoretical research.In this paper,a systematic research on the pose planning for the end-effectors of robot in the welding of intersecting pipes is conducted. First,the intersecting curve of pipes is mathematically analyzed.The mathematical model of the most general intersecting curve of pipes is derived,and several special forms of this model in degraded situations are also discussed.A new pose planning approach of bisecting angle in main normal plane（BAMNP） for the welding-gun is proposed by using differential geometry and the comparison with the traditional bisecting angle in axial rotation plane（BAARP） method is also analytically conducted.The optimal pose of the welding-gun is to make the orientation posed at the center of the small space formed by the two cylinders and the intersecting curve to help the welding-pool run smoothly.The BAMNP method can make sure the pose vertical to the curve and center between the two cylinders at the same time,therefore its performance in welding-technique is superior to the BAARP method.By using the traditional BAARP method,the robot structure can become simpler and easier to be controlled,because one degree of freedom（DOF） of the robot can be reduced.For the special case of perpendicular intersecting,an index is constructed to evaluate the quality of welding technique in the process of welding.The effect of different combination of pipe size on this index is also discussed.On the basis of practical consideration,selection principle for BAARP and BAMNP is described.The simulations of those two methods for a serial joint-type robot are made in MATLAB,and the simulation results are consistent to the analysis.The mathematical model and the proposed new pose-planning method will lay a solid foundation for future researches on the control and design of all-position welding robots.展开更多
This paper focuses on the simulation analysis of stripe formation and dynamic features of intersecting pedestrian flows.The intersecting flows consist of two streams of pedestrians and each pedestrian stream has a des...This paper focuses on the simulation analysis of stripe formation and dynamic features of intersecting pedestrian flows.The intersecting flows consist of two streams of pedestrians and each pedestrian stream has a desired walking direction.The model adopted in the simulations is the social force model, which can reproduce the self-organization phenomena successfully. Three scenarios of different cross angles are established. The simulations confirm the empirical observations that there is a stripe formation when two streams of pedestrians intersect and the direction of the stripes is perpendicular to the sum of the directional vectors of the two streams. It can be concluded from the numerical simulation results that smaller cross angle results in higher mean speed and lower level of speed fluctuation. Moreover, the detailed pictures of pedestrians＇ moving behavior at intersections are given as well.展开更多
Currently,the design of advanced compressor blades has reached the full ThreeDimensional(3D)modeling stage.When analyzing the reasons for the failure of popular corner stall prediction criteria for axial compressors t...Currently,the design of advanced compressor blades has reached the full ThreeDimensional(3D)modeling stage.When analyzing the reasons for the failure of popular corner stall prediction criteria for axial compressors to predict the corner flow state in modern compressor3D blades with end-bend and composite bend-sweep characteristics,it is believed that,in addition to the dihedral angle factor in the corner,the variation of the dihedral angle along the flow path is an important factor that has not been considered to date.In light of this,this study first uses the characteristic effects of the diffuser on the deceleration and pressure increase in airflow to design a series of physical models of varying dihedral angle diffusers that are equivalent to compressors.Based on these models,a quantization parameter is established to characterize the development speed of the intersection of boundary layers at the corner under varying dihedral angle and adverse pressure gradient conditions.After combining this with the effects of secondary flow,a Modified diffusion factor DJ(MDJ)is developed to describe the development of corner flow from the leading edge of the blade to its trailing edge under varying dihedral angle conditions.Finally,based on a compressor cascade database,an improved criterion for predicting corner stall in axial compressors using the MDJ diffusion factor is proposed.The validation results,based on extensive experimental data of compressor blades,reveal that this improved criterion can significantly enhance the accuracy of corner stall predictions in the 3D blades of modern compressors compared to currently used prediction criteria,by taking into account the effects of variations in the dihedral angle.展开更多
脊柱侧弯是影响人类健康的疾病之一,Cobb角的准确计算是临床上确定脊柱侧弯分型和制定诊疗方案的关键。针对人工测量Cobb角存在耗时长、不够准确、效率低下等问题,本文设计了一种基于改进U-Net的脊柱侧弯Cobb角自动测量方法。由经验丰...脊柱侧弯是影响人类健康的疾病之一,Cobb角的准确计算是临床上确定脊柱侧弯分型和制定诊疗方案的关键。针对人工测量Cobb角存在耗时长、不够准确、效率低下等问题,本文设计了一种基于改进U-Net的脊柱侧弯Cobb角自动测量方法。由经验丰富的脊柱外科医生使用LabelMe工具对200例脊柱侧弯患者的X线片数据集进行标注。采用ResNet50作为主干网络改进基本的语义分割模型U-Net,并与另外2个语义分割模型DeeplabV3和PSPNet在脊柱侧弯X线片数据集上分别进行训练。实验结果表明,改进的U-Net模型的平均交并比(mean intersection over union,MIOU)值达到了94.72%,分别比PSPNet和DeeplabV3模型的MIOU值提升了5.36%和2.30%。最后,基于改进的U-Net模型设计了脊柱侧弯Cobb角的自动测量算法,并开发了可视化的自动测量软件。经过实际测试,发现在常规的电脑上输入一张患者的X线片,只需6.3 s即可自动计算Cobb角大小,其速度远快于医生手动测量,显著提高了医生的工作效率,表明本文设计的脊柱侧弯Cobb角自动测量方法是有效的。展开更多
基金partly supportedby National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41472103)
文摘Recent studies, focused on dihedral angles and intersection processes, have increased understandings of conjugate fault mechanisms. We present new 3-D seismic data and microstructural core analysis in a case study of a large conjugate strike-slip fault system from the intracratonic Tarim Basin, NW China. Within our study area, ＂X＂ type NE and NW trending faults occur within Cambrian- Ordovician carbonates. The dihedral angles of these conjugate faults have narrow ranges, 19~ to 62~ in the Cambrian and 26~ to 51~ in the Ordovician, and their modes are 42~ and 44~ respectively. These data are significantly different from the ~60~ predicted by the Coulomb fracture criterion. It is concluded that： （1） The dihedral angles of the conjugate faults were not controlled by confining pressure, which was low and associated with shallow burial; （2） As dihedral angles were not controlled by pressure they can be used to determine the shortening direction during faulting; （3） Sequential slip may have played an important role in forming conjugate fault intersections; （4） The conjugate fault system of the Tarim basin initiated as rhombic joints; these subsequently developed into sequentially active ＂X＂ type conjugate faults; followed by preferential development of the NW-trending faults; then reactivation of the NE trending faults. This intact rhombic conjugate fault system presents new insights into mechanisms of dihedral angle development, with particular relevance to intracratonic basins.
基金Supported by Tianjin Science and Technology planning Project,No.21JCQNJC01060Key Project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation,No.22JCZDJC00340National Key Research and Development Project of China,No.2022YFC3601904.
文摘BACKGROUND The femoral neck dynamic intersection system(FNS)is mechanically more stable than other internal fixation techniques.Current studies have confirmed that the structural design of FNS has good biomechanical properties in European and American populations.However,whether the suitability of the FNS's 130°main nail angle design for Asian populations has been thoroughly investigated remains unclear.AIM To compare the biomechanical stability differences among different main nail angles of the FNS in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in Asian populations.METHODS Computed tomography data of the femur of healthy adult male volunteers were imported into Mimics software to create a three-dimensional model of the femur.The model was adapted to the curve using Geomagic software and imported into Solidworks software to construct the Pauwels I femoral neck fracture model and design the FNS internal fixation model using different main nail angles.Afterward,the models were assembled with the FNS fracture model and meshed using the preprocessing Hypermesh software.Subsequently,they were imported into Abaqus software to analyze and evaluate the biomechanical effects of different angles of the FNS main nail on the treatment of femoral neck fractures.RESULTS The peak displacement of the proximal femur under different angles of FNS fixation under stress was 7.446 millimeters in the 120°group and 7.416 millimeters in the 125°group;in the 130°,135°,and 140°FNS fixation groups,the peak displacement was 7.324 millimeters,8.138 millimeters,and 8.246 millimeters,respectively.In the 120°and 125°FNS fixation groups,the maximum stresses were concentrated at the main nail and the anti-rotation screw,which intersected the fracture line of the femur neck,resulting in peak stresses of 200.7 MPa and 138.8 MPa,respectively.Peak stresses of 208.8 MPa,219.8 MPa,and 239.3 MPa were observed on the angular locking plate distal to the locking screw in the 130°,135°,and 140°fixation groups.CONCLUSION FNS has significant stress distribution properties,a minimal proximal femoral displacement,and an optimal stability for treating femoral neck fractures in Asian populations when performed with a 130°main nail angle.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52079062 and 42077177)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (Grant No.20232ACG01003)is acknowledged.
文摘Understanding unsaturated flow behaviors in fractured rocks is essential for various applications.A fundamental process in this regard is flow splitting at fracture intersections.However,the impact of geometrical properties of fracture intersections on flow splitting is still unclear.This work investigates the combined influence of geometry(intersection angle,fracture apertures,and inclination angle),liquid droplet length,inertia,and dynamic wetting properties on liquid splitting dynamics at fracture intersections.A theoretical model of liquid splitting is developed,considering the factors mentioned above,and numerically solved to predict the flow splitting behavior.The model is validated against carefullycontrolled visualized experiments.Our results reveal two distinct splitting behaviors,separated by a critical droplet length.These behaviors shift from a monotonic to a non-monotonic trend with decreasing inclination angle.A comprehensive analysis further clarifies the impacts of the key factors on the splitting ratio,which is defined as the percentage of liquid volume entering the branch fracture.The splitting ratio decreases with increasing inclination angle,indicating a decrease in the gravitational effect on the branch fracture,which is directly proportional to the intersection angle.A non-monotonic relationship exists between the splitting ratio and the aperture ratio of the branch fracture to the main fracture.The results show that as the intersection angle decreases,the splitting ratio increases.Additionally,the influence of dynamic contact angles decreases with increasing intersection angle.These findings enhance our understanding of the impact of geometry on flow dynamics at fracture intersections.The proposed model provides a foundation for simulating and predicting unsaturated flow in complex fractured networks.
基金supported by National Nautural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50775002)Key Science and Technology Research Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education of China(Grant No.KZ200910005003)
文摘All-position robots are widely applied in the welding of complicated parts.Welding of intersecting pipes is one of the most typical tasks.The welding seam is a complicated saddle-like space curve,which puts a great challenge to the pose planning of end-effector.The special robots designed specifically for this kind of tasks are rare in China and lack sufficient theoretical research.In this paper,a systematic research on the pose planning for the end-effectors of robot in the welding of intersecting pipes is conducted. First,the intersecting curve of pipes is mathematically analyzed.The mathematical model of the most general intersecting curve of pipes is derived,and several special forms of this model in degraded situations are also discussed.A new pose planning approach of bisecting angle in main normal plane（BAMNP） for the welding-gun is proposed by using differential geometry and the comparison with the traditional bisecting angle in axial rotation plane（BAARP） method is also analytically conducted.The optimal pose of the welding-gun is to make the orientation posed at the center of the small space formed by the two cylinders and the intersecting curve to help the welding-pool run smoothly.The BAMNP method can make sure the pose vertical to the curve and center between the two cylinders at the same time,therefore its performance in welding-technique is superior to the BAARP method.By using the traditional BAARP method,the robot structure can become simpler and easier to be controlled,because one degree of freedom（DOF） of the robot can be reduced.For the special case of perpendicular intersecting,an index is constructed to evaluate the quality of welding technique in the process of welding.The effect of different combination of pipe size on this index is also discussed.On the basis of practical consideration,selection principle for BAARP and BAMNP is described.The simulations of those two methods for a serial joint-type robot are made in MATLAB,and the simulation results are consistent to the analysis.The mathematical model and the proposed new pose-planning method will lay a solid foundation for future researches on the control and design of all-position welding robots.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61233001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.2017JBM014)
文摘This paper focuses on the simulation analysis of stripe formation and dynamic features of intersecting pedestrian flows.The intersecting flows consist of two streams of pedestrians and each pedestrian stream has a desired walking direction.The model adopted in the simulations is the social force model, which can reproduce the self-organization phenomena successfully. Three scenarios of different cross angles are established. The simulations confirm the empirical observations that there is a stripe formation when two streams of pedestrians intersect and the direction of the stripes is perpendicular to the sum of the directional vectors of the two streams. It can be concluded from the numerical simulation results that smaller cross angle results in higher mean speed and lower level of speed fluctuation. Moreover, the detailed pictures of pedestrians＇ moving behavior at intersections are given as well.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52406041)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2025M774200)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2019-Ⅱ-0003-0023)。
文摘Currently,the design of advanced compressor blades has reached the full ThreeDimensional(3D)modeling stage.When analyzing the reasons for the failure of popular corner stall prediction criteria for axial compressors to predict the corner flow state in modern compressor3D blades with end-bend and composite bend-sweep characteristics,it is believed that,in addition to the dihedral angle factor in the corner,the variation of the dihedral angle along the flow path is an important factor that has not been considered to date.In light of this,this study first uses the characteristic effects of the diffuser on the deceleration and pressure increase in airflow to design a series of physical models of varying dihedral angle diffusers that are equivalent to compressors.Based on these models,a quantization parameter is established to characterize the development speed of the intersection of boundary layers at the corner under varying dihedral angle and adverse pressure gradient conditions.After combining this with the effects of secondary flow,a Modified diffusion factor DJ(MDJ)is developed to describe the development of corner flow from the leading edge of the blade to its trailing edge under varying dihedral angle conditions.Finally,based on a compressor cascade database,an improved criterion for predicting corner stall in axial compressors using the MDJ diffusion factor is proposed.The validation results,based on extensive experimental data of compressor blades,reveal that this improved criterion can significantly enhance the accuracy of corner stall predictions in the 3D blades of modern compressors compared to currently used prediction criteria,by taking into account the effects of variations in the dihedral angle.
文摘脊柱侧弯是影响人类健康的疾病之一,Cobb角的准确计算是临床上确定脊柱侧弯分型和制定诊疗方案的关键。针对人工测量Cobb角存在耗时长、不够准确、效率低下等问题,本文设计了一种基于改进U-Net的脊柱侧弯Cobb角自动测量方法。由经验丰富的脊柱外科医生使用LabelMe工具对200例脊柱侧弯患者的X线片数据集进行标注。采用ResNet50作为主干网络改进基本的语义分割模型U-Net,并与另外2个语义分割模型DeeplabV3和PSPNet在脊柱侧弯X线片数据集上分别进行训练。实验结果表明,改进的U-Net模型的平均交并比(mean intersection over union,MIOU)值达到了94.72%,分别比PSPNet和DeeplabV3模型的MIOU值提升了5.36%和2.30%。最后,基于改进的U-Net模型设计了脊柱侧弯Cobb角的自动测量算法,并开发了可视化的自动测量软件。经过实际测试,发现在常规的电脑上输入一张患者的X线片,只需6.3 s即可自动计算Cobb角大小,其速度远快于医生手动测量,显著提高了医生的工作效率,表明本文设计的脊柱侧弯Cobb角自动测量方法是有效的。
