The wind energy generation,utilization and its grid penetration in electrical grid are increasing world-wide.The wind generated power is always fluctuating due to its time varying nature and causing stability problem....The wind energy generation,utilization and its grid penetration in electrical grid are increasing world-wide.The wind generated power is always fluctuating due to its time varying nature and causing stability problem.This weak interconnection of wind generating source in the electrical network affects the power quality and reliability.The localized energy storages shall compensate the fluctuating power and support to strengthen the wind generator in the power system.In this paper,it is proposed to control the voltage source inverter （VSI） in current control mode with energy storage,that is,batteries across the dc bus.The generated wind power can be extracted under varying wind speed and stored in the batteries.This energy storage maintains the stiff voltage across the dc bus of the voltage source inverter.The proposed scheme enhances the stability and reliability of the power system and maintains unity power factor.It can also be operated in stand-alone mode in the power system.The power exchange across the wind generation and the load under dynamic situation is feasible while maintaining the power quality norms at the common point of coupling.It strengthens the weak grid in the power system.This control strategy is evaluated on the test system under dynamic condition by using simulation.The results are verified by comparing the performance of controllers.展开更多
This paper presents a real-time battery management unit designed by applying the Coulomb counting method and intended for use in an integrated renewable energy system for PV-Hybrid power supply. Battery management is ...This paper presents a real-time battery management unit designed by applying the Coulomb counting method and intended for use in an integrated renewable energy system for PV-Hybrid power supply. Battery management is required to stabilize hybrid systems and extend battery lifetimes. The battery management unit is divided into three main stages. Firstly, analysis of the basic components of the battery type used in the system is considered. Secondly, the state of charge (SOC) estimation method and the deterioration factor of the battery are analyzed. Finally, the overall battery management system, including a computer-based measurement and control unit, is constructed. The control system displays real-time information through LabVIEW 8.5 by estimating the state of charge through various measurements. The system will issue alerts when malfunctions are detected, and the operator can analyze and react to the system in real time to stabilize the system and extend the battery lifetime.展开更多
This paper studies the feasibility of a supply-side wind-coal integrated energy system.Based on grid-side data,the load regulation model of coal-fired power and the wind-coal integrated energy system model are establi...This paper studies the feasibility of a supply-side wind-coal integrated energy system.Based on grid-side data,the load regulation model of coal-fired power and the wind-coal integrated energy system model are established.According to the simulation results,the reasons why the wind-coal combined power supply is difficult to meet the grid-side demand are revealedthrough scenario analysis.Basedon thewind-coal combinedoperation,a wind-coalstorage integrated energy system was proposed by adding lithium-iron phosphate battery energy storage system(LIPBESS)to adjust the load of the system.According to the four load adjustment scenarios of grid-side instructions of the wind-coal system,the difficulty of load adjustment in each scenario is analyzed.Based on the priority degree of LIPBESS charge/discharge in four scenarios at different time periods,the operation mode of two charges and two discharges per day was developed.Based on the independent operation level of coal-fired power,after the addition of LIPBESS(5.5 MWh),the average qualified rate of multi-power operation in March and June reached the level of independent operation of coal-fired power,while the average qualified rate of the remaining months was only 5.4%different from that of independent operation of coal-fired power.Compared with the wind storage mode,the energy storage capacity and investment cost of wind-coal-storage integrated energy system are reduced by 54.2%and 53.7%,respectively.展开更多
There is a growing need to explore the potential of coal-fired power plants(CFPPs)to enhance the utilization rate of wind power(wind)and photovoltaic power(PV)in the green energy field.This study developed a load regu...There is a growing need to explore the potential of coal-fired power plants(CFPPs)to enhance the utilization rate of wind power(wind)and photovoltaic power(PV)in the green energy field.This study developed a load regulation model for a multi-power generation system comprising wind,PV,and coal energy storage using realworld data.The power supply process was divided into eight fundamental load regulation scenarios,elucidating the influence of each scenario on load regulation.Within the framework of the multi-power generation system with the wind(50 MW)and PV(50 MW)alongside a CFPP(330 MW),a lithium-iron phosphate energy storage system(LIPBESS)was integrated to improve the system’s load regulation flexibility.The energy storage operation strategy was formulated based on the charging and discharging priority of the LIPBESS for each basic scenario and the charging and discharging load calculation method of LIPBESS auxiliary regulation.Through optimization using the particle swarm algorithm,the optimal capacity of LIPBESS was determined to be within the 5.24-4.88 MWh range.From an economic perspective,the LIPBESS operating with CFPP as the regulating power source was 49.1% lower in capacity compared to the renewable energy-based storage mode.展开更多
This paper evaluates and discusses ways to use five energy resources more efficiently for generating electric power. An analysis of five different 10 MW powerplants was made</span></span><span style=&qu...This paper evaluates and discusses ways to use five energy resources more efficiently for generating electric power. An analysis of five different 10 MW powerplants was made</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">:</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> a photovoltaic system, a concentrated solar power system, wind turbines, a natural gas combined cycle and an integrated solar combined cycle. Also, each power plant’s operating principle, thermodynamic analysis, economic analysis, and simulation evaluation w</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">ere</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> made using the System Advisor Model (SAM), Engineering Equation Solver (EES), and the Thermoflow Power Plant Simulation program. From the analysis, the power plant capacity factor, grid availability, levelized cost of electricity, and annual energy production are compared and analyzed to determine a suitable power plant for a given location.展开更多
In remote areas far from the grid, wind/PV/storage generating system is relatively a good choice, whatever in resource configuration, performance or prices. For the independent hybrid power system, the output models o...In remote areas far from the grid, wind/PV/storage generating system is relatively a good choice, whatever in resource configuration, performance or prices. For the independent hybrid power system, the output models of wind turbines, photovoltaic arrays and batteries are built in this paper, and based on the objectives of the capacity configuration optimal model, constraints used in the process of capacity configuration are analyzed. These provide convenient conditions and theoretical basis for the optimal capacity configuration of independent wind/PV/storage system.展开更多
Frequency and voltage of embedded variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) driving a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is strongly affected by wind speed fluctuations. In practice, power imbalance between supply...Frequency and voltage of embedded variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) driving a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is strongly affected by wind speed fluctuations. In practice, power imbalance between supply and demand is also common, especially when VSWT-PMSG is connected to a weak micro grid (MG). If load demand fluctuations become high, isolated MG may be unable to stabilize the frequency and voltage so that battery storage needs to be installed into the MG to adjust energy supply and demand. To allow flexible control of active and reactive power flow from/to battery storage, grid-supporting inverters are used. For a system that contains highly nonlinear components, the use of conventional linear proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers may cause system performance deterioration. Additionally, these controllers show slow, oscillating responses, and complex equations are required to obtain optimum responses in other controllers. To cope with these limitations, this paper proposes PID-type fuzzy controller (PIDfc) design to control grid-supporting inverter of battery. To ensure safe battery operating limits, we also propose a new controller scheme called intelligent battery protection (IBP). This IBP is integrated into PIDfc. Several simulation tests are performed to verify the scheme’s effectiveness. The results show that the proposed PIDfc controller exhibits improved performance and acceptable responses, and can be used instead of conventional controllers.展开更多
Renewable energy is becoming more attractive as traditional fossil fuels are rapidly depleted and expensive,and their use would release pollutants.Power systems that use both wind and solar energy are more reliable an...Renewable energy is becoming more attractive as traditional fossil fuels are rapidly depleted and expensive,and their use would release pollutants.Power systems that use both wind and solar energy are more reliable and efficient than those that utilize only one energy.Hybrid renewable energy systems(HRES)are viable for remote areas operating in standalone mode.This paper aims to present the state-of-the-art research on off-grid solar-wind hybrid energy systems over the last two decades.More than 1500 published articles extracted from the Web of Science are analyzed by bibliometric methods and processed by CiteSpace to present the results with figures and tables.Productive countries and highly cited authors are identified,and hot topics with hotspot articles are shown in landscape and timeline views.Emerging trends and new developments related to techno-economic analysis and microgrids,as well as the application of HOMER software,are predicted based on the analysis of citation bursts.Furthermore,the opportunities of hybrid energy systems for sustainable development are discussed,and challenges and possible solutions are proposed.The study of this paper provides researchers with a comprehensive understanding and intuitive representation of standalone solar-wind hybrid energy systems.展开更多
A system based on a PV-Wind will ensure better efficiency and flexibility using lower energy production.Today,plenty of work is being focussed on Doubly Fed Induction Generators(DFIG)utilized in wind energy systems.DF...A system based on a PV-Wind will ensure better efficiency and flexibility using lower energy production.Today,plenty of work is being focussed on Doubly Fed Induction Generators(DFIG)utilized in wind energy systems.DFIG is found to be the best option in the Wind Energy Conversion Systems(WECS)to mitigate the issues caused by power converters.In this work,a new Artificial Neural Network(ANN)is proposed with the Diffusion and Dispersal strategy that works on Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT)along with Wind Energy Conversion System(WECS)to minimize electrical faults.The controller focus was not just to increase performance but also to reduce damage owing to any phase to phase fault or Phase to phase to ground fault.To ensure optimal MPPT for the proposed WECS,ANN achieves the optimal PI controller parameters for the indirect control of active and reactive power of DFIG.The optimal allocation and size of the DGs within the distributed system and for MPPT control are obtained using a population of agents.The generated solutions are evaluated and on being successful,the agents test their hypothesis again to create a positive feedback mechanism.Simulations are carried out,and the proposed IoT framework efficiency indicates performance improvement and faster recovery against faults by 9 percent for phase to ground fault and by 7.35 percent for phase to phase fault.展开更多
In order to fully comprehend the developing status of wind power and photovoltaic (PV) power generation, a special investigation on the integration of wind power and PV power was launched by the agencies of the State ...In order to fully comprehend the developing status of wind power and photovoltaic (PV) power generation, a special investigation on the integration of wind power and PV power was launched by the agencies of the State Electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC) throughout China during July-October 2010. This report is completed based on the investigation along with routine supervisory and management programs. There are totally 573 wind power projects and 94 PV power projects involved. Existing problems in these projects are pointed out and proposals for regulation are put forward.展开更多
This paper deals with implementation of Sinusoidal Pulse-Width-Modulation (SPWM) for a single-phase hybrid power filter generator for Photovoltaic (PV) and wind grid applications. Using policy iteration algorithm, an ...This paper deals with implementation of Sinusoidal Pulse-Width-Modulation (SPWM) for a single-phase hybrid power filter generator for Photovoltaic (PV) and wind grid applications. Using policy iteration algorithm, an improved variable step-size perturbation and observation algorithm is contrived and it is implemented proficiently using a hard-ware description language (VHDL) (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language). Subsequently, the new generated grid source supplements the existing grid power in rural houses during its cut off or restricted supply period. The software is used for generating SPWM modulation integrated with a solar-power & wind power grid system which is implemented on the Spartan 3 FPGA. The proposed algorithm performs as a conventional controller in terms of tracking speed and mitigating fluctuation output power in steady state operation which is shown in the experimental results with a commercial PV array and HPW (Height Weight Proportional) show. Simulation results demonstrate the validity with load of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
After years of booming growth on renewable energy, the untapped land suitable for the wind farm becomes increasingly scarce in China. In order to make full use of the land, it became a realistic practice to construct ...After years of booming growth on renewable energy, the untapped land suitable for the wind farm becomes increasingly scarce in China. In order to make full use of the land, it became a realistic practice to construct wind farm together with PV station in those areas where both the wind resource and solar resource are rich. In this paper, based on the analysis of spatial distribution characteristics of wind and solar resources, the factors influencing on the layout of wind turbine and PV array and the interaction between wind turbine and PV array, a proposal for co-siting design wind farm and PV station is discussed.展开更多
This paper introduces a temperature control technique for a medical herb dryer system. The technique fixes the drying temperature of the medical herbs at 40℃ even in cases of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. ...This paper introduces a temperature control technique for a medical herb dryer system. The technique fixes the drying temperature of the medical herbs at 40℃ even in cases of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. The control of the dryer temperature is achieved through using on/off controller. The designed dryer contains two systems, which are the thermal and electrical systems. The thermal system is designed to heat the drying air by using solar water collector and electric heater. While, the electrical system which contains a photovoltaic (PV)-WIND hybrid system is used to feed the different electrical loads of the dryer system. The control technique is investigated through simulation work by using MATLAB-SIMULINK. The simulation results indicate the high capability of the proposed technique in controlling the drying temperature, even in case of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions.展开更多
In general, the energy storage in facilities to intermittent sources is provided by a battery of accumulators. Having found that the duration of life of chemical accumulators is strongly shortened in the northern regi...In general, the energy storage in facilities to intermittent sources is provided by a battery of accumulators. Having found that the duration of life of chemical accumulators is strongly shortened in the northern regions of Cameroon and that this has a considerable impact on the operating costs and the reliability of power plants to intermittent sources, this work proposes to find an alternative to these chemical accumulators rendered vulnerable by the high temperatures. It reviews all energy storage techniques and makes a choice （the CAES （compressed air energy storage）） based on thermal robustness. It proposes a new technique of restitution of the energy by producing an artificial wind from the compressed air. The feedback loop thus obtained by the compressor-tank-wind subsystem is studied from a series of manipulations and its efficiency is determined. To automate the operation of this system, a controller is required. The operating logic of the controller is provided in function of the precise states of the load, the tank and the natural sources.展开更多
This research pioneers the integration of geographic information systems(GIS)and 3D modeling within a virtual reality(VR)framework to assess the viability and planning of a 20 MW hybrid wind-solarphotovoltaic(PV)syste...This research pioneers the integration of geographic information systems(GIS)and 3D modeling within a virtual reality(VR)framework to assess the viability and planning of a 20 MW hybrid wind-solarphotovoltaic(PV)system connected to the local grid.The study focuses on Dakhla,Morocco,a region with vast untapped renewable energy potential.By leveraging GIS,we are innovatively analyzing geographical and environmental factors that influence optimal site selection and system design.The incorporation of VR technologies offers an unprecedented level of realism and immersion,allowing stakeholders to virtually experience the project's impact and design in a dynamic,interactive environment.This novel methodology includes extensive data collection,advanced modeling,and simulations,ensuring that the hybrid system is precisely tailored to the unique climatic and environmental conditions of Dakhla.Our analysis reveals that the region possesses a photovoltaic solar potential of approximately2400 k Wh/m^(2) per year,with an average annual wind power density of about 434 W/m^(2) at an 80-meter hub height.Productivity simulations indicate that the 20 MW hybrid system could generate approximately 60 GWh of energy per year and 1369 GWh over its 25-year lifespan.To validate these findings,we employed the System Advisor Model(SAM)software and the Global Solar Photovoltaic Atlas platform.This comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach not only provides a robust assessment of the system's feasibility but also offers valuable insights into its potential socio-economic and environmental impact.展开更多
This paper proposes an improved modularizable high-frequency battery equalizer with multi-winding transformer for energy storage systems. The involvement of parasitic components in circuit resonance, along with the ad...This paper proposes an improved modularizable high-frequency battery equalizer with multi-winding transformer for energy storage systems. The involvement of parasitic components in circuit resonance, along with the addition of a resonant network, enables soft-switching for the power switches to reduce the switch voltage stress due to high frequency switching operation. The proposed circuit is designed to operate at switching frequency of 1 MHz. The detailed analysis of circuit operation is provided. At last, the feasibility and performance of the proposed battery equalizer are demonstrated through the system implementation and experimental tests of a prototype circuit. Experimental results have shown zero voltage switching (ZVS) is achieved on the switches.展开更多
Effective thermal management is paramount for successfully deploying lithium-ion batteries in residential settings as storage systems for the exploitation of renewable sources.Uncontrolled temperature increases within...Effective thermal management is paramount for successfully deploying lithium-ion batteries in residential settings as storage systems for the exploitation of renewable sources.Uncontrolled temperature increases within battery packs can lead to critical issues such as cell overheating,potentially culminating in thermal runaway events and,in extreme cases,leading to fire or explosions.Thiswork presents a comprehensive numerical thermalmodel of a battery pack made of prototype pouch cells based on lithium ferrophosphate(LFP)chemistry.The multi-physical model is specifically developed to investigate real-world operating scenarios and to assess safety considerations.The considered energy storage system is a battery designed for residential applications,in its integration with a photovoltaic(PV)installation.The actual electrochemical behavior of the prototype cell during the charging and discharging processes is modeled and validated on the ground of experimental data.The essential steps leading to the numerical schematization of the battery pack are then presented to apply themodel to two different use scenarios,differing for the user loads.The first scenario corresponds to a typical residential load,with standby lights being active during the night,solar generation with its peak at noon,and appliance use shifting in the afternoon and the evening.In the second scenario,a double demand for energy is present thatmakes the battery never reach 100%of the State of Charge(SoC)and dischargemore rapidly with respect to what occurs under the first scenario.Comparing the simulated temperature with the assumed C-rate,namely the charge or discharge current divided by the battery nominal capacity,it is found that peaks coincide with the charging phase;subsequently,the current tends to a zero value,and consequently,the temperature suddenly reaches the value of the environment.Finally,the model is also utilized to simulate a condition of thermal runaway by introducing critical conditions within a specific pouch cell.In this simulation,the thermal exchange between the cell in thermal runaway and the rest of the system remains within acceptable limits.This occurs due to the short duration of the process and to the module casing coated with an insulating material.The work provides an essential foundation for conducting numerical simulations of battery packs operating also at higher power levels.展开更多
文摘The wind energy generation,utilization and its grid penetration in electrical grid are increasing world-wide.The wind generated power is always fluctuating due to its time varying nature and causing stability problem.This weak interconnection of wind generating source in the electrical network affects the power quality and reliability.The localized energy storages shall compensate the fluctuating power and support to strengthen the wind generator in the power system.In this paper,it is proposed to control the voltage source inverter （VSI） in current control mode with energy storage,that is,batteries across the dc bus.The generated wind power can be extracted under varying wind speed and stored in the batteries.This energy storage maintains the stiff voltage across the dc bus of the voltage source inverter.The proposed scheme enhances the stability and reliability of the power system and maintains unity power factor.It can also be operated in stand-alone mode in the power system.The power exchange across the wind generation and the load under dynamic situation is feasible while maintaining the power quality norms at the common point of coupling.It strengthens the weak grid in the power system.This control strategy is evaluated on the test system under dynamic condition by using simulation.The results are verified by comparing the performance of controllers.
文摘This paper presents a real-time battery management unit designed by applying the Coulomb counting method and intended for use in an integrated renewable energy system for PV-Hybrid power supply. Battery management is required to stabilize hybrid systems and extend battery lifetimes. The battery management unit is divided into three main stages. Firstly, analysis of the basic components of the battery type used in the system is considered. Secondly, the state of charge (SOC) estimation method and the deterioration factor of the battery are analyzed. Finally, the overall battery management system, including a computer-based measurement and control unit, is constructed. The control system displays real-time information through LabVIEW 8.5 by estimating the state of charge through various measurements. The system will issue alerts when malfunctions are detected, and the operator can analyze and react to the system in real time to stabilize the system and extend the battery lifetime.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52076079)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.E2020502013)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021MS076,2021MS079).
文摘This paper studies the feasibility of a supply-side wind-coal integrated energy system.Based on grid-side data,the load regulation model of coal-fired power and the wind-coal integrated energy system model are established.According to the simulation results,the reasons why the wind-coal combined power supply is difficult to meet the grid-side demand are revealedthrough scenario analysis.Basedon thewind-coal combinedoperation,a wind-coalstorage integrated energy system was proposed by adding lithium-iron phosphate battery energy storage system(LIPBESS)to adjust the load of the system.According to the four load adjustment scenarios of grid-side instructions of the wind-coal system,the difficulty of load adjustment in each scenario is analyzed.Based on the priority degree of LIPBESS charge/discharge in four scenarios at different time periods,the operation mode of two charges and two discharges per day was developed.Based on the independent operation level of coal-fired power,after the addition of LIPBESS(5.5 MWh),the average qualified rate of multi-power operation in March and June reached the level of independent operation of coal-fired power,while the average qualified rate of the remaining months was only 5.4%different from that of independent operation of coal-fired power.Compared with the wind storage mode,the energy storage capacity and investment cost of wind-coal-storage integrated energy system are reduced by 54.2%and 53.7%,respectively.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52076079,52206010)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.E2020502013)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021MS076,2021MS079).
文摘There is a growing need to explore the potential of coal-fired power plants(CFPPs)to enhance the utilization rate of wind power(wind)and photovoltaic power(PV)in the green energy field.This study developed a load regulation model for a multi-power generation system comprising wind,PV,and coal energy storage using realworld data.The power supply process was divided into eight fundamental load regulation scenarios,elucidating the influence of each scenario on load regulation.Within the framework of the multi-power generation system with the wind(50 MW)and PV(50 MW)alongside a CFPP(330 MW),a lithium-iron phosphate energy storage system(LIPBESS)was integrated to improve the system’s load regulation flexibility.The energy storage operation strategy was formulated based on the charging and discharging priority of the LIPBESS for each basic scenario and the charging and discharging load calculation method of LIPBESS auxiliary regulation.Through optimization using the particle swarm algorithm,the optimal capacity of LIPBESS was determined to be within the 5.24-4.88 MWh range.From an economic perspective,the LIPBESS operating with CFPP as the regulating power source was 49.1% lower in capacity compared to the renewable energy-based storage mode.
文摘This paper evaluates and discusses ways to use five energy resources more efficiently for generating electric power. An analysis of five different 10 MW powerplants was made</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">:</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> a photovoltaic system, a concentrated solar power system, wind turbines, a natural gas combined cycle and an integrated solar combined cycle. Also, each power plant’s operating principle, thermodynamic analysis, economic analysis, and simulation evaluation w</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">ere</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> made using the System Advisor Model (SAM), Engineering Equation Solver (EES), and the Thermoflow Power Plant Simulation program. From the analysis, the power plant capacity factor, grid availability, levelized cost of electricity, and annual energy production are compared and analyzed to determine a suitable power plant for a given location.
文摘In remote areas far from the grid, wind/PV/storage generating system is relatively a good choice, whatever in resource configuration, performance or prices. For the independent hybrid power system, the output models of wind turbines, photovoltaic arrays and batteries are built in this paper, and based on the objectives of the capacity configuration optimal model, constraints used in the process of capacity configuration are analyzed. These provide convenient conditions and theoretical basis for the optimal capacity configuration of independent wind/PV/storage system.
文摘Frequency and voltage of embedded variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) driving a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is strongly affected by wind speed fluctuations. In practice, power imbalance between supply and demand is also common, especially when VSWT-PMSG is connected to a weak micro grid (MG). If load demand fluctuations become high, isolated MG may be unable to stabilize the frequency and voltage so that battery storage needs to be installed into the MG to adjust energy supply and demand. To allow flexible control of active and reactive power flow from/to battery storage, grid-supporting inverters are used. For a system that contains highly nonlinear components, the use of conventional linear proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers may cause system performance deterioration. Additionally, these controllers show slow, oscillating responses, and complex equations are required to obtain optimum responses in other controllers. To cope with these limitations, this paper proposes PID-type fuzzy controller (PIDfc) design to control grid-supporting inverter of battery. To ensure safe battery operating limits, we also propose a new controller scheme called intelligent battery protection (IBP). This IBP is integrated into PIDfc. Several simulation tests are performed to verify the scheme’s effectiveness. The results show that the proposed PIDfc controller exhibits improved performance and acceptable responses, and can be used instead of conventional controllers.
基金This work was supported by Education Department of Hunan Province,China under Grant 22C013(Q.Zhou received this grant and the sponsor’s websites is https://jyt.hunan.gov.cn/).
文摘Renewable energy is becoming more attractive as traditional fossil fuels are rapidly depleted and expensive,and their use would release pollutants.Power systems that use both wind and solar energy are more reliable and efficient than those that utilize only one energy.Hybrid renewable energy systems(HRES)are viable for remote areas operating in standalone mode.This paper aims to present the state-of-the-art research on off-grid solar-wind hybrid energy systems over the last two decades.More than 1500 published articles extracted from the Web of Science are analyzed by bibliometric methods and processed by CiteSpace to present the results with figures and tables.Productive countries and highly cited authors are identified,and hot topics with hotspot articles are shown in landscape and timeline views.Emerging trends and new developments related to techno-economic analysis and microgrids,as well as the application of HOMER software,are predicted based on the analysis of citation bursts.Furthermore,the opportunities of hybrid energy systems for sustainable development are discussed,and challenges and possible solutions are proposed.The study of this paper provides researchers with a comprehensive understanding and intuitive representation of standalone solar-wind hybrid energy systems.
文摘A system based on a PV-Wind will ensure better efficiency and flexibility using lower energy production.Today,plenty of work is being focussed on Doubly Fed Induction Generators(DFIG)utilized in wind energy systems.DFIG is found to be the best option in the Wind Energy Conversion Systems(WECS)to mitigate the issues caused by power converters.In this work,a new Artificial Neural Network(ANN)is proposed with the Diffusion and Dispersal strategy that works on Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT)along with Wind Energy Conversion System(WECS)to minimize electrical faults.The controller focus was not just to increase performance but also to reduce damage owing to any phase to phase fault or Phase to phase to ground fault.To ensure optimal MPPT for the proposed WECS,ANN achieves the optimal PI controller parameters for the indirect control of active and reactive power of DFIG.The optimal allocation and size of the DGs within the distributed system and for MPPT control are obtained using a population of agents.The generated solutions are evaluated and on being successful,the agents test their hypothesis again to create a positive feedback mechanism.Simulations are carried out,and the proposed IoT framework efficiency indicates performance improvement and faster recovery against faults by 9 percent for phase to ground fault and by 7.35 percent for phase to phase fault.
文摘In order to fully comprehend the developing status of wind power and photovoltaic (PV) power generation, a special investigation on the integration of wind power and PV power was launched by the agencies of the State Electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC) throughout China during July-October 2010. This report is completed based on the investigation along with routine supervisory and management programs. There are totally 573 wind power projects and 94 PV power projects involved. Existing problems in these projects are pointed out and proposals for regulation are put forward.
文摘This paper deals with implementation of Sinusoidal Pulse-Width-Modulation (SPWM) for a single-phase hybrid power filter generator for Photovoltaic (PV) and wind grid applications. Using policy iteration algorithm, an improved variable step-size perturbation and observation algorithm is contrived and it is implemented proficiently using a hard-ware description language (VHDL) (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language). Subsequently, the new generated grid source supplements the existing grid power in rural houses during its cut off or restricted supply period. The software is used for generating SPWM modulation integrated with a solar-power & wind power grid system which is implemented on the Spartan 3 FPGA. The proposed algorithm performs as a conventional controller in terms of tracking speed and mitigating fluctuation output power in steady state operation which is shown in the experimental results with a commercial PV array and HPW (Height Weight Proportional) show. Simulation results demonstrate the validity with load of the proposed algorithm.
文摘After years of booming growth on renewable energy, the untapped land suitable for the wind farm becomes increasingly scarce in China. In order to make full use of the land, it became a realistic practice to construct wind farm together with PV station in those areas where both the wind resource and solar resource are rich. In this paper, based on the analysis of spatial distribution characteristics of wind and solar resources, the factors influencing on the layout of wind turbine and PV array and the interaction between wind turbine and PV array, a proposal for co-siting design wind farm and PV station is discussed.
文摘This paper introduces a temperature control technique for a medical herb dryer system. The technique fixes the drying temperature of the medical herbs at 40℃ even in cases of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. The control of the dryer temperature is achieved through using on/off controller. The designed dryer contains two systems, which are the thermal and electrical systems. The thermal system is designed to heat the drying air by using solar water collector and electric heater. While, the electrical system which contains a photovoltaic (PV)-WIND hybrid system is used to feed the different electrical loads of the dryer system. The control technique is investigated through simulation work by using MATLAB-SIMULINK. The simulation results indicate the high capability of the proposed technique in controlling the drying temperature, even in case of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions.
文摘In general, the energy storage in facilities to intermittent sources is provided by a battery of accumulators. Having found that the duration of life of chemical accumulators is strongly shortened in the northern regions of Cameroon and that this has a considerable impact on the operating costs and the reliability of power plants to intermittent sources, this work proposes to find an alternative to these chemical accumulators rendered vulnerable by the high temperatures. It reviews all energy storage techniques and makes a choice （the CAES （compressed air energy storage）） based on thermal robustness. It proposes a new technique of restitution of the energy by producing an artificial wind from the compressed air. The feedback loop thus obtained by the compressor-tank-wind subsystem is studied from a series of manipulations and its efficiency is determined. To automate the operation of this system, a controller is required. The operating logic of the controller is provided in function of the precise states of the load, the tank and the natural sources.
文摘This research pioneers the integration of geographic information systems(GIS)and 3D modeling within a virtual reality(VR)framework to assess the viability and planning of a 20 MW hybrid wind-solarphotovoltaic(PV)system connected to the local grid.The study focuses on Dakhla,Morocco,a region with vast untapped renewable energy potential.By leveraging GIS,we are innovatively analyzing geographical and environmental factors that influence optimal site selection and system design.The incorporation of VR technologies offers an unprecedented level of realism and immersion,allowing stakeholders to virtually experience the project's impact and design in a dynamic,interactive environment.This novel methodology includes extensive data collection,advanced modeling,and simulations,ensuring that the hybrid system is precisely tailored to the unique climatic and environmental conditions of Dakhla.Our analysis reveals that the region possesses a photovoltaic solar potential of approximately2400 k Wh/m^(2) per year,with an average annual wind power density of about 434 W/m^(2) at an 80-meter hub height.Productivity simulations indicate that the 20 MW hybrid system could generate approximately 60 GWh of energy per year and 1369 GWh over its 25-year lifespan.To validate these findings,we employed the System Advisor Model(SAM)software and the Global Solar Photovoltaic Atlas platform.This comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach not only provides a robust assessment of the system's feasibility but also offers valuable insights into its potential socio-economic and environmental impact.
文摘This paper proposes an improved modularizable high-frequency battery equalizer with multi-winding transformer for energy storage systems. The involvement of parasitic components in circuit resonance, along with the addition of a resonant network, enables soft-switching for the power switches to reduce the switch voltage stress due to high frequency switching operation. The proposed circuit is designed to operate at switching frequency of 1 MHz. The detailed analysis of circuit operation is provided. At last, the feasibility and performance of the proposed battery equalizer are demonstrated through the system implementation and experimental tests of a prototype circuit. Experimental results have shown zero voltage switching (ZVS) is achieved on the switches.
文摘Effective thermal management is paramount for successfully deploying lithium-ion batteries in residential settings as storage systems for the exploitation of renewable sources.Uncontrolled temperature increases within battery packs can lead to critical issues such as cell overheating,potentially culminating in thermal runaway events and,in extreme cases,leading to fire or explosions.Thiswork presents a comprehensive numerical thermalmodel of a battery pack made of prototype pouch cells based on lithium ferrophosphate(LFP)chemistry.The multi-physical model is specifically developed to investigate real-world operating scenarios and to assess safety considerations.The considered energy storage system is a battery designed for residential applications,in its integration with a photovoltaic(PV)installation.The actual electrochemical behavior of the prototype cell during the charging and discharging processes is modeled and validated on the ground of experimental data.The essential steps leading to the numerical schematization of the battery pack are then presented to apply themodel to two different use scenarios,differing for the user loads.The first scenario corresponds to a typical residential load,with standby lights being active during the night,solar generation with its peak at noon,and appliance use shifting in the afternoon and the evening.In the second scenario,a double demand for energy is present thatmakes the battery never reach 100%of the State of Charge(SoC)and dischargemore rapidly with respect to what occurs under the first scenario.Comparing the simulated temperature with the assumed C-rate,namely the charge or discharge current divided by the battery nominal capacity,it is found that peaks coincide with the charging phase;subsequently,the current tends to a zero value,and consequently,the temperature suddenly reaches the value of the environment.Finally,the model is also utilized to simulate a condition of thermal runaway by introducing critical conditions within a specific pouch cell.In this simulation,the thermal exchange between the cell in thermal runaway and the rest of the system remains within acceptable limits.This occurs due to the short duration of the process and to the module casing coated with an insulating material.The work provides an essential foundation for conducting numerical simulations of battery packs operating also at higher power levels.
