The similarities and differences in inherent mechanism and characteristic frequency between the onedimensional(1D)poroelastic model and the layered White model were investigated.This investigation was conducted under ...The similarities and differences in inherent mechanism and characteristic frequency between the onedimensional(1D)poroelastic model and the layered White model were investigated.This investigation was conducted under the assumption that the rock was homogenous and isotropic at the mesoscopic scale.For the inherent mechanism,both models resulted from quasi-static flow in a slow P-wave diffusion mode,and the differences between them originated from saturated fluids and boundary conditions.On the other hand,for the characteristic frequencies of the models,the characteristic frequency of the 1D poroelastic model was first modified because the elastic constant and formula for calculating it were misused and then compared to that of the layered White model.Both of them moved towards higher frequencies with increasing permeability and decreasing viscosity and diffusion length.The differences between them were due to the diffusion length.The diffusion length for the 1D poroelastic model was determined by the sample length,whereas that for the layered White model was determined by the length of the representative elementary volume(REV).Subsequently,a numerical example was presented to demonstrate the similarities and differences between the models.Finally,published experimental data were interpreted using the 1D poroelastic model combined with the Cole-Cole model.The prediction of the combined model was in good agreement with the experimental data,thereby validating the effectiveness of the 1D poroelastic model.Furthermore,the modified characteristic frequency in our study was much closer to the experimental data than the previous prediction,validating the effectiveness of our modification of the characteristic frequency of the 1D poroelastic model.The investigation provided insight into the internal relationship between wave-induced fluid flow(WIFF)models at macroscopic and mesoscopic scales and can aid in a better understanding of the elastic modulus dispersion and attenuation caused by the WIFF at different scales.展开更多
To investigate the growth conditions of white-rot fungus and simulate its metabolism kinetic models, the rules how the factors such as biomass, culture fluid, pH value, glucose consumption and exopolysaccharides gener...To investigate the growth conditions of white-rot fungus and simulate its metabolism kinetic models, the rules how the factors such as biomass, culture fluid, pH value, glucose consumption and exopolysaccharides generation, etc., changed during the batch culture process of white-rot fungi by using an air-lift fermenter, as well as metabolic kinetics of white-rot fungi were studied. Based on Logistic equation, Luedeking-Piret equation and experimental data, the correlation model parameters of mycelia biomass, glucose consumption and exopolysaccharide generation were obtained and found to be change with time in metabolism process. Detailedly, μm=0.071 8 h-1,α= 0.831 8 g/(g·h), β= 0.002 g/(g·h), b1=0.016 3 g/(g·h) and b2=3.023 3 g/(g·h). Hence the mycelial growth kinetic model, exopolysaccharide generation kinetic model and substrate consumption kinetic model which describe fermentation process of white-rot fungi were established. Meanwhile, the experimental data were verified by this model, and a good fitting result with an average relative error less than 10% between the data obtained from experiments and the model was yielded. The results show that these models can predict the growth and metabolic rules of white-rot fungus, the fermentation process of exopolysaccharides and the kinetic mechanism of white-rot fungus accurately.展开更多
In this paper, the effects of frying time, white egg (0%, 5% and 10% w/w) and chitosan (0%, 0.5% and 1.5% w/w) addition to the batter formulation on the quality of simulated crispy deep-fried Kurdish cheese nugget cru...In this paper, the effects of frying time, white egg (0%, 5% and 10% w/w) and chitosan (0%, 0.5% and 1.5% w/w) addition to the batter formulation on the quality of simulated crispy deep-fried Kurdish cheese nugget crusts was studied by using a deep-fried crust model. Moisture content, oil content, color and hardness of the samples were determined. Crust models were fried at 190℃ for 60, 120 and 180 s. Batter formulations and frying time significantly (p < 0.01) affected moisture, oil content, color and hardness of Crust models. Batter formulation contain 10% white egg was found to be an effective ingredient in decreasing oil content of Crust models. The mean moisture and fat content of Crust models formed with batter contained 10% white egg, fried at 190℃, for 180s were 6.207 ± 0.447 and 5.649 ± 0.394. Batters containing 5% white egg and 1.5% chitosan showed the lowest moisture content and the highest oil content among all the formulations. Crust models containing combination of white egg and chitosan were the darkest. Hardness of samples containing chitosan were the highest, specially for ch1.5 The mean hardness in 60, 120 and 180s of frying in this formulation were 21.518 ± 0.481, 36.871 ± 1.758 and 49.563 ± 1.847 respectively.展开更多
A barrier option valuation model with stochastic barrier which was regarded as the main feature of the model was developed under the Hull-White interest rate model.The purpose of this study was to deal with the stocha...A barrier option valuation model with stochastic barrier which was regarded as the main feature of the model was developed under the Hull-White interest rate model.The purpose of this study was to deal with the stochastic barrier by means of partial differential equation methods and then derive the exact analytical solutions of the barrier options.Furthermore,a numerical example was given to show how to apply this model to pricing one structured product in realistic market.Therefore,this model can provide new insight for future research on structured products involving barrier options.展开更多
The photometric characteristics of high-power white light-emitting diode （LED） devices are investigated. A theoretical model for the luminous efficacy o[ high-power white LED devices and LED systems is proposed. Wit...The photometric characteristics of high-power white light-emitting diode （LED） devices are investigated. A theoretical model for the luminous efficacy o[ high-power white LED devices and LED systems is proposed. With the proposed theoretical model, the mechanism of the luminous efficacy decrease is explained. Meanwhile, the model can be used to estimate the luminous efficacy oF LEDs under general operation conditions, such as different operation temperatures and injection currents. The wide validity of the luminous efficacy model is experimentally verified through the measurements of different types of LEDs. The experimental results demonstrate a high estimation accuracy. The proposed models not only can be applied to estimate the LED photometric performance, but also is helpful for reliability research of LEDs.展开更多
在测井资料中,通常缺乏横波测井资料,这为地震波正演模拟和地震反演都带来一定的困难。基于Xu White模型,作者利用常规测井资料AC,RT和GR曲线,以及实验室岩石物理数据进行地震波速度估算,有机地结合了Gassmann方程和Kuster Toks z模型,...在测井资料中,通常缺乏横波测井资料,这为地震波正演模拟和地震反演都带来一定的困难。基于Xu White模型,作者利用常规测井资料AC,RT和GR曲线,以及实验室岩石物理数据进行地震波速度估算,有机地结合了Gassmann方程和Kuster Toks z模型,并充分考虑到了泥质砂岩中岩石基质性质、泥质含量、孔隙度大小和形状及孔隙饱含流体性质对岩石速度的影响。然而,由于存在“数据测量”和“模型估算”的不精确性,输入参量和输出结果都不可能完全的精确,为此在利用Xu White模型的同时引入信息合取反演算法,建立一个联系所有输入参数和输出结果之间的后验概率密度函数,通过寻找模型空间的最大似然点达到最优化模型结果的目的。该反演方法应用于吉林新立油田测井资料分析,纵波速度和密度估算结果在可接受的误差范围内,能够对由于井壁垮塌造成的密度测量偏差进行校正,为横波估算结果的利用提供了合理性保证。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42030810,42104115)。
文摘The similarities and differences in inherent mechanism and characteristic frequency between the onedimensional(1D)poroelastic model and the layered White model were investigated.This investigation was conducted under the assumption that the rock was homogenous and isotropic at the mesoscopic scale.For the inherent mechanism,both models resulted from quasi-static flow in a slow P-wave diffusion mode,and the differences between them originated from saturated fluids and boundary conditions.On the other hand,for the characteristic frequencies of the models,the characteristic frequency of the 1D poroelastic model was first modified because the elastic constant and formula for calculating it were misused and then compared to that of the layered White model.Both of them moved towards higher frequencies with increasing permeability and decreasing viscosity and diffusion length.The differences between them were due to the diffusion length.The diffusion length for the 1D poroelastic model was determined by the sample length,whereas that for the layered White model was determined by the length of the representative elementary volume(REV).Subsequently,a numerical example was presented to demonstrate the similarities and differences between the models.Finally,published experimental data were interpreted using the 1D poroelastic model combined with the Cole-Cole model.The prediction of the combined model was in good agreement with the experimental data,thereby validating the effectiveness of the 1D poroelastic model.Furthermore,the modified characteristic frequency in our study was much closer to the experimental data than the previous prediction,validating the effectiveness of our modification of the characteristic frequency of the 1D poroelastic model.The investigation provided insight into the internal relationship between wave-induced fluid flow(WIFF)models at macroscopic and mesoscopic scales and can aid in a better understanding of the elastic modulus dispersion and attenuation caused by the WIFF at different scales.
基金Supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(40373044)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(05KJD610209)~~
文摘To investigate the growth conditions of white-rot fungus and simulate its metabolism kinetic models, the rules how the factors such as biomass, culture fluid, pH value, glucose consumption and exopolysaccharides generation, etc., changed during the batch culture process of white-rot fungi by using an air-lift fermenter, as well as metabolic kinetics of white-rot fungi were studied. Based on Logistic equation, Luedeking-Piret equation and experimental data, the correlation model parameters of mycelia biomass, glucose consumption and exopolysaccharide generation were obtained and found to be change with time in metabolism process. Detailedly, μm=0.071 8 h-1,α= 0.831 8 g/(g·h), β= 0.002 g/(g·h), b1=0.016 3 g/(g·h) and b2=3.023 3 g/(g·h). Hence the mycelial growth kinetic model, exopolysaccharide generation kinetic model and substrate consumption kinetic model which describe fermentation process of white-rot fungi were established. Meanwhile, the experimental data were verified by this model, and a good fitting result with an average relative error less than 10% between the data obtained from experiments and the model was yielded. The results show that these models can predict the growth and metabolic rules of white-rot fungus, the fermentation process of exopolysaccharides and the kinetic mechanism of white-rot fungus accurately.
文摘In this paper, the effects of frying time, white egg (0%, 5% and 10% w/w) and chitosan (0%, 0.5% and 1.5% w/w) addition to the batter formulation on the quality of simulated crispy deep-fried Kurdish cheese nugget crusts was studied by using a deep-fried crust model. Moisture content, oil content, color and hardness of the samples were determined. Crust models were fried at 190℃ for 60, 120 and 180 s. Batter formulations and frying time significantly (p < 0.01) affected moisture, oil content, color and hardness of Crust models. Batter formulation contain 10% white egg was found to be an effective ingredient in decreasing oil content of Crust models. The mean moisture and fat content of Crust models formed with batter contained 10% white egg, fried at 190℃, for 180s were 6.207 ± 0.447 and 5.649 ± 0.394. Batters containing 5% white egg and 1.5% chitosan showed the lowest moisture content and the highest oil content among all the formulations. Crust models containing combination of white egg and chitosan were the darkest. Hardness of samples containing chitosan were the highest, specially for ch1.5 The mean hardness in 60, 120 and 180s of frying in this formulation were 21.518 ± 0.481, 36.871 ± 1.758 and 49.563 ± 1.847 respectively.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.11471175,11171221)
文摘A barrier option valuation model with stochastic barrier which was regarded as the main feature of the model was developed under the Hull-White interest rate model.The purpose of this study was to deal with the stochastic barrier by means of partial differential equation methods and then derive the exact analytical solutions of the barrier options.Furthermore,a numerical example was given to show how to apply this model to pricing one structured product in realistic market.Therefore,this model can provide new insight for future research on structured products involving barrier options.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 51307113 and 51407124the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant No BK20130307
文摘The photometric characteristics of high-power white light-emitting diode （LED） devices are investigated. A theoretical model for the luminous efficacy o[ high-power white LED devices and LED systems is proposed. With the proposed theoretical model, the mechanism of the luminous efficacy decrease is explained. Meanwhile, the model can be used to estimate the luminous efficacy oF LEDs under general operation conditions, such as different operation temperatures and injection currents. The wide validity of the luminous efficacy model is experimentally verified through the measurements of different types of LEDs. The experimental results demonstrate a high estimation accuracy. The proposed models not only can be applied to estimate the LED photometric performance, but also is helpful for reliability research of LEDs.
文摘在测井资料中,通常缺乏横波测井资料,这为地震波正演模拟和地震反演都带来一定的困难。基于Xu White模型,作者利用常规测井资料AC,RT和GR曲线,以及实验室岩石物理数据进行地震波速度估算,有机地结合了Gassmann方程和Kuster Toks z模型,并充分考虑到了泥质砂岩中岩石基质性质、泥质含量、孔隙度大小和形状及孔隙饱含流体性质对岩石速度的影响。然而,由于存在“数据测量”和“模型估算”的不精确性,输入参量和输出结果都不可能完全的精确,为此在利用Xu White模型的同时引入信息合取反演算法,建立一个联系所有输入参数和输出结果之间的后验概率密度函数,通过寻找模型空间的最大似然点达到最优化模型结果的目的。该反演方法应用于吉林新立油田测井资料分析,纵波速度和密度估算结果在可接受的误差范围内,能够对由于井壁垮塌造成的密度测量偏差进行校正,为横波估算结果的利用提供了合理性保证。
