Replacing soybean meal(SBM)in broiler diets with only other plant-based protein-rich ingredients or only non-bound amino acids(NBAA)may compromise growth performance in broiler chickens.However,combining both to repla...Replacing soybean meal(SBM)in broiler diets with only other plant-based protein-rich ingredients or only non-bound amino acids(NBAA)may compromise growth performance in broiler chickens.However,combining both to replace SBM may be feasible while maintaining broiler performance.A 3×2 full factorial designed experiment was conducted to include three levels of SBM inclusions(conventional,medium,and low/nil)and with supplementation of field peas or not(50,80,100,and 120 g/kg in the starter,grower,finisher,and withdrawal phases,respectively).The variation of SBM inclusions in the diets led to changes in NBAA inclusions and total dietary crude protein.Each diet was offered to 10 replicates of 5 birds per bioassay cage,totaling 300 straight-run,Ross 308 broilers,from 0 to 42 days post-hatch.From 0 to 10 days post-hatch,medium inclusion of SBM reduced feed conversion ratio(FCR)compared to conventional SBM inclusions(1.171 versus 1.129,P=0.044).From 0 to 24 days post-hatch,pea inclusions improved the body weight gain by 2.08%(1371 versus 1343 g/bird;P=0.038)and reduced FCR from 1.297 to 1.276(P<0.001)regardless of dietary SBM inclusion levels.Similarly,from 0 to 35 days post-hatch,pea inclusion increased body weight gain from 2632 to 2731 g/bird(P=0.001)and reduced FCR from 1.405 to 1.369(P<0.001).Overall from 0 to 42 days,field peas inclusion improved body weight gain by 2.87%(3421 versus 3519 g/bird,P=0.025),and reduced FCR by 3.1 points(1.518 versus 1.487,P=0.024)regardless of SBM inclusion levels from 0 to 42 days post-hatch.Dietary treatment did not influence carcass yield and energy utilisation(P>0.05).From 27 to 29 days,broiler chickens offered diets containing the standard SBM inclusion generated the lowest total tract nitrogen retention regardless of pea inclusion rates(P=0.001).Reducing SBM inclusions,which corresponded with a reduction in dietary crude protein,increased apparent distal jejunal and ileal protein(N)digestibility coefficients(P<0.05)and total tract nitrogen retention(P=0.001),regardless of field pea inclusion.Diets containing the least SBM had increased apparent distal ileal digestibility coefficients of valine,glycine and proline(7.07%)compared to the conventional diets(P<0.05).In conclusion,replacing SBM with 5%-12%field peas and NBAAs in wheat-based broiler diets to achieve a 20 g/kg dietary CP reduction did not compromise growth performance in broiler chickens.The mechanism by which peas enhanced growth performance is unclear,as the inclusion of peas in the present study did not alter the starch digestion rate.展开更多
Indicaxanthin is a betalain that is abundant in Opuntia ficus-indica orange fruit and has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, very little is known about the neuroprotective potential of indicaxa...Indicaxanthin is a betalain that is abundant in Opuntia ficus-indica orange fruit and has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, very little is known about the neuroprotective potential of indicaxanthin. This study investigated the impact of indicaxanthin on neuronal damage and gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by a high-fat diet in mice. The mice were divided into three groups according to different diets: the negative control group was fed a standard diet;the high-fat diet group was fed a high-fat diet;and the high-fat diet + indicaxanthin group was fed a high-fat diet and received indicaxanthin orally(0.86 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks. Brain apoptosis, redox status, inflammation, and the gut microbiota composition were compared among the different animal groups. The results demonstrated that indicaxanthin treatment reduced neuronal apoptosis by downregulating the expression of proapoptotic genes and increasing the expression of antiapoptotic genes. Indicaxanthin also markedly decreased the expression of neuroinflammatory proteins and genes and inhibited high-fat diet–induced neuronal oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels. In addition, indicaxanthin treatment improved the microflora composition by increasing the abundance of healthy bacterial genera, known as producers of short-chain fatty acids(Lachnospiraceae, Alloprovetella, and Lactobacillus), and by reducing bacteria related to unhealthy profiles(Blautia, Faecalibaculum, Romboutsia and Bilophila). In conclusion, indicaxanthin has a positive effect on high-fat diet–induced neuronal damage and on the gut microbiota composition in obese mice.展开更多
Epidemiological studies indicate a strong correlation between various types of human cancer and dietary factors,whereas the specific mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.Epigenetic alterations,such as DNA methylat...Epidemiological studies indicate a strong correlation between various types of human cancer and dietary factors,whereas the specific mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.Epigenetic alterations,such as DNA methylation,histone modifications,and noncoding RNA,are influenced by dietary components,especially phytochemicals and nutrients that participate in one-carbon metabolism.These alterations significantly impact cancer occurrence and progression.Consequently,epigenetic pathways may mediate the effects of diet on cancer risk.This review synthesizes the current information regarding the association of epigenetic alterations with cancer initiation and development,as well as the mechanisms by which diet exerts its influence on these changes.The goal of this minireview is to enhance the understanding of the roles of diet on epigenetic alterations to improve cancer prevention and treatment through diet.展开更多
Background: Plant-based diets are eating patterns focusing on high intake of plant-basedfoods while limiting the intake of animal-based foods. In recent decades, plant-based dietshave received increasing attention for...Background: Plant-based diets are eating patterns focusing on high intake of plant-basedfoods while limiting the intake of animal-based foods. In recent decades, plant-based dietshave received increasing attention for their potential benefits for humans and theenvironment. However, a comprehensive overview of the development trends and researchhotspots of plant-based diets is still lacking. Therefore, this scientometric study aimed to fillthis critical research gap. Methods: English literature related to plant-based diets publishedfrom 2012 to 2023 in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) of Web of Science CoreCollection was collected on August 16, 2023, using relevant key terms. R-bibliometrix,CiteSpace, and VOSviewer were used to analyze data and construct knowledge graphs.Results: Overall, 4135 publications (3127 articles and 1008 reviews) were included in thisstudy, showing an obvious upward trend in this field annually from 2012 to 2023, rangingfrom 70 to 921. The USA published the highest number of studies (n =1158) and was theleading research center in this field worldwide. Universities were the main researchinstitutions;particularly, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health contributed to thelargest number of publications (n = 88) and had an active cooperation with otherinstitutions. Mcclements DJ contributed the most publications (n = 49) and ranked firstamong the scholars in plant-based diets. The most productive academic journal (n = 353)on plant-based diets was Nutrients, with an IF2022 of 5.9, while Foods and Frontiers in Nutritionwere the relatively active journals in this field in recent years. “Quality,” “milk,” “culturedmeat,” “plant protein,” “environmental impacts,” “functional properties,” “plant-based meatalternative,” “dietary change,” “vegan diet,” “plant-based beverage,” “gut microbiota,”“middle-income countries,” and “chronic kidney disease” were the main research hotspotsand frontiers in the field of plant-based diets. Conclusion: This study provides acomprehensive overview of global research on plant-based diets. Although research in thisfield has gained increasing attention in recent decades, cooperation among differentinstitutions and researchers should be significantly strengthened. Moreover, more studiesare needed to further assess the health and environmental impacts of plant-based diets.展开更多
Globally,hyperuricemia is a growing health,social,and economic problem which could cause gout,chronic kidney diseases and other diseases.There are increasing evidences that a sensible diet makes sense to reduce the ri...Globally,hyperuricemia is a growing health,social,and economic problem which could cause gout,chronic kidney diseases and other diseases.There are increasing evidences that a sensible diet makes sense to reduce the risk of hyperuricemia.This review aims to explore the metabolic mechanism of dietary factors and effects of dietary types associated with hyperuricemia.Recommendations for dietary modification to prevent hyperuricemia are as following:decreasing intake of animal organs,seafood,sugar-sweetened,and alcohol beverages is essential;choosing water or unsweetened tea and coffee instead of sweetened beverages is beneficial;and increasing intake of vegetables,reduced-fat dairy products,foods containing fiber,micronutrients and unsaturated fatty acids is helpful.In addition,consumption of fruits and legumes in moderation is advantageous,and low-fructose of fruits and low-purine of non-soy beans are recommended.Moreover,personalized diet needs to be emphasized for hyperuricemic patients accompanied with diverse metabolic diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity...BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity,food neophobia,and food avoidance,there is no clear definition to assess this behavior.Due to the unavailability of data regarding picky eating,it wasn’t easy to estimate its prevalence.AIM To develop a regional protocol to help healthcare professionals identify and manage mild and moderate picky eating cases.METHODS A virtual roundtable discussion was held in April 2021 to gather the opinions of seven pediatricians and two pediatric dietitians from eight Middle Eastern countries who had great experience in the management of picky eating.The discussion covered different topics,including clearly defining mild and moderate picky eating,identifying the role of diet fortification in these cases,and the possibility of developing a systematic approach to diet fortification.RESULTS The panel identified picky eating as consuming an inadequate amount and variety of foods by rejecting familiar and unfamiliar food.Most of the time,moderate picky eating cases had micronutrient deficiencies with over-or undernutrition;the mild cases only showed inadequate food consumption and/or poor diet quality.Paying attention to the organic red flags like growth faltering and development delay and behavioral red flags,including food fixation and anticipatory gagging,will help healthcare professionals evaluate the picky eaters and the caregivers to care for their children.Although dietary supplementation and commercial food fortification play an important role in picky eating,they were no benefit in the Middle East.CONCLUSION The panel agreed that food fortification through a food-first approach and oral nutritional supplements would be the best for Middle Eastern children.These recommendations would facilitate identifying and managing picky-eating children in the Middle East.展开更多
Purpose: In super-aging societies, prosthodontists will have a growing role and will need to improve their nutrition knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a workshop-based model for increasing d...Purpose: In super-aging societies, prosthodontists will have a growing role and will need to improve their nutrition knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a workshop-based model for increasing dysphagia diet awareness among prosthodontists working with head and neck cancer patients. Methods: The study had a post-intervention design and included 10 maxillofacial prosthetic educators from eight countries who participated in a 120-minute workshop focused on theoretical and practical training in nutrition support for patients with dysphagia. Sessions were held in a specialized restaurant in Tokyo and included lectures, observation of Japanese cooking techniques, hands-on preparation of dysphagia-friendly foods, and cross-cultural comparisons. Knowledge, confidence, and practical application were assessed using a post-workshop questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to evaluate outcomes. Results: Seven of the 10 prosthodontists completed the post-intervention questionnaire. All respondents reported overall satisfaction with the workshop. Session content was regarded as easy to understand by 57.14%, appropriate by 28.57%, and easy by 14.29%. Most respondents (85.71%) were “very satisfied” with the instructors’ explanations, and 100% were “very satisfied” with the workshop’s length and structure;71.42% felt they could apply the knowledge in clinical practice, while 28.58% anticipated challenges. The respondents appreciated the workshop’s focus on dysphagia, particularly in elderly patients, and valued the insights into Japanese dysphagia diets and culture. Conclusions: Workshops on nutrition provide an interactive platform for prosthodontists to enhance their knowledge and improve comprehensive patient care, highlighting the importance for prosthodontists to stay updated on developments in nutrition, particularly in dysphagia.展开更多
Erectile dysfunction(ED)is prevalent among men,but its relationship with dietary habits is uncertain.The aim of our study was to assess whether dietary patterns enhance erectile function by reviewing the literature pu...Erectile dysfunction(ED)is prevalent among men,but its relationship with dietary habits is uncertain.The aim of our study was to assess whether dietary patterns enhance erectile function by reviewing the literature published before August 1,2022,via PubMed,Web of Science,and EMBASE databases.The data compiled included author details;publication dates,countries,treatments,patient numbers,ages,follow-ups,and clinical trial outcomes,such as ED cases,odds ratios(ORs),confidence intervals(CIs),and International Index of Erectile Function-5(IIEF-5)scores with means and standard deviations.An analysis of 14 studies with 27389 participants revealed that plant-based diets(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.66-0.75;P<0.00001),low-fat diets(OR=0.27,95%CI:0.13-0.53;P=0.0002),and alternative diets such as intermittent fasting and organic diets(OR=0.54,95%CI:0.36-0.80;P=0.002)significantly reduced ED risk.High-protein low-fat diets(hazard ratio[HR]=1.38,95%CI:1.12-1.64;P<0.00001)and high-carb low-fat diets(HR=0.79,95%CI:0.55-1.04;P<0.00001)improved IIEF-5 scores.Combined diet and exercise interventions decreased the likelihood of ED(OR=0.49,95%CI:0.28-0.85;P=0.01)and increased the IIEF-5 score(OR=3.40,95%CI:1.69-5.11;P<0.0001).Diets abundant in fruits and vegetables(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.96-0.98;P<0.00001)and nuts(OR=0.54,95%CI:0.37-0.80;P=0.002)were also correlated with lower ED risk.Our meta-analysis underscores a strong dietary-ED association,suggesting that low-fat/Mediterranean diets rich in produce and nuts could benefit ED management.展开更多
Infancy and toddlerhood are critical phases of life,as the gut microbiota is established here,which influences current and future health.During this period,the microbiota was relatively less stable and highly responsi...Infancy and toddlerhood are critical phases of life,as the gut microbiota is established here,which influences current and future health.During this period,the microbiota was relatively less stable and highly responsive to environmental factors.Therefore,it is important to understand how dietary factors affect this complex stage of microbial assembly.The effect of feeding practices(breast milk/formula) on microbial colonization in early infancy has been actively studied;however,studies on the effect of diet on the gut microbiota during the complementary feeding period are sparse.The introduction of complementary foods provides abundant new dietary compounds for the gut microbiota,which induces a shift in gut microbiota and metabolism from milk-adapted toward a more mature and diverse adult-like community.Herein,we discuss the impact of dietary nutrients(carbohydrates,proteins,fats,vitamins,and minerals) on microbiome of infants and toddlers.Furthermore,this review summarizes the effects of complementary feeding patterns,specific foods(such as cereals;legumes and nuts;vegetables and fruits;meats;dairy products),food additives,and malnutrition(undernutrition or overnutrition) on gut microbiota of this populations.These findings might deepen our comprehension of the complex interactions between diets and the development and establishment of the gut microbiota.This may facilitate the tailoring of interventions aimed at promoting beneficial modifications within the gut microbial community.Furthermore,the insights gained could inform the design and implementation of safe and efficacious complementary feeding practices.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic potential of coumarin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles(CNNPs)in managing high-fructose diet-induced diabetes and associated complications.Methods:CNNPs were synthesized using an ioni...Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic potential of coumarin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles(CNNPs)in managing high-fructose diet-induced diabetes and associated complications.Methods:CNNPs were synthesized using an ionic gelation method with chitosan coating and characterized.Rats with a high-fructose diet-induced diabetes were treated with coumarin and CNNPs(30,70,and 100 mg/kg)for 6-12 weeks.Metabolic,inflammatory,oxidative stress,organ function,and cardiovascular parameters were assessed,and qRT-PCR studies were carried out for measuring the mRNA expression of glucose transporter-4(GLUT-4),sirtuin-1(SIRT1),pyrin domain containing-3(NLRP3),sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c(SREBP-1c),forkhead box O3(FOXO3),and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)genes.Results:Nanoparticle characterization revealed a Z-average size of 510.8 nm with a+14 mV zeta potential.CNNP treatment was more effective than coumarin,normalizing glycemic markers(glycosylated hemoglobin,serum insulin,and fasting blood glucose),and lipid profiles(total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,triglycerides,and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol).Significant improvements were also seen in adipokines(adiponectin,chemerin,and leptin),inflammatory cytokines(interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α),and oxidative stress markers(catalase,superoxide dismutase and malonaldehyde).In addition,both treatments significantly upregulated the gene expression of SIRT1,GLUT-4,and eNOS,and downregulated FOXO3,SREBP-1c,and NLRP3.Histopathological studies confirmed that CNNPs ameliorated diabetes-induced structural abnormalities in major organs.Conclusions:CNNPs demonstrate improved bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy,offering a promising strategy for managing high-fructose diet-induced metabolic dysfunction and its complications.展开更多
Background Mitophagy is an essential cellular autophagic process which maintains mitochondrial homeostasis,but its role in high fat diet(HFD)-induced lipid accumulation is unclear in the yellow catfish.Thus,this study...Background Mitophagy is an essential cellular autophagic process which maintains mitochondrial homeostasis,but its role in high fat diet(HFD)-induced lipid accumulation is unclear in the yellow catfish.Thus,this study aimed to elucidate mechanism of mitochondria mediating HFD-induced hepatic fat accumulation.Results In the present study,yellow catfish were fed three diets with dietary fat at 6.31%(low fat;LFD,control),12.03%(middle fat;MFD)and 15.32%(high fat;HFD),respectively,for 8 weeks.High dietary fat addition raised hepatic lipid accumulation,and declined mRNA and protein levels of Parkin-dependent mitophagy,down-regulated the Parkin protein expression and the estrogen-related receptor alpha(Errα)ubiquitination,and induced Errαprotein levels;fatty acid(FA)incubation reduced Parkin-dependent mitophagy,inhibited Errαubiquitination and increased Errαprotein expression,and raised TG accumulation.Furthermore,yellow catfish hepatocytes were isolated and cultured.Nicotinamide mononucleotide,N-acetyl-L-cysteine,Parkin and errαsiRNA knockdown were used under FA incubation,respectively.Parkin downregulation mediated FA incubation-induced TG accumulation and mitoautophagic inhibition;Parkin ubiquitinated Errα,and K63 was an important ubiquitination site for deubiquitinating Parkin activity;Errαtargets fas,acca and pparγgenes,whose activation contributed to FA-induced lipogenesis and lipid accumulation.Thus,high fat diet(HFD)and FA incubation inhibited Parkin activity,suppressed mitophagy and activated Errαpathway,and induced hepatic lipogenic metabolism and lipotoxicity.Conclusions Overall,our study provided new targets against HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the vertebrates.展开更多
AIM:To examined the effects of a high-fat diet(HFD)on retinal pathological changes and dysfunction using peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha(PPARα)knockout mice.METHODS:For four months,C57BL/6J and PPAR...AIM:To examined the effects of a high-fat diet(HFD)on retinal pathological changes and dysfunction using peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha(PPARα)knockout mice.METHODS:For four months,C57BL/6J and PPARαknockout mice received either HFD or a standard diet(SD).A fluorometric method was used to determine the retinal triglycerides.The retinal malondialdehyde(MDA)content was measured.Hematoxylin-eosin was used to evaluate retinal pathological changes.Protein expression was analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence,while mRNA expression was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Electroretinogram was used to assess retinal function.RESULTS:HFD resulted in increased fatty acidβ-oxidation in the inner retina,particularly retinal ganglion cells(RGCs),as well as increased weight and accumulation of retinal triglyceride.Retinal fatty acid β-oxidation and triglyceride accumulation were affected by PPARα^(−/−)abnormalities.PPARαknockdown increased the infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells,as well as it upregulated the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway and corresponding proinflammatory cytokine levels in the most retina subjected to the HFD.In the HFD mice,oxidative stress levels were elevated in the inner retina,particularly in the HFD PPARα^(−/−)mice.HFD-induced RGCs apoptosis initiation was exacerbated by PPARαdeficiency.Lastly,HFD feeding resulted in the lower amplitudes of scotopic a-wave,b-wave and photopic negative response(PhNR)wave,particularly in HFD PPARα^(−/−)mice.CONCLUSION:In HFD-fed mice retina,particularly in the inner retina,PPARα knockout increases lipid metabolic abnormalities,inflammatory responses,oxidative stress,apoptosis initiation and dysfunction.展开更多
Background The ketogenic diet that forces adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production by beta-oxidation of fatty acids instead of carbohydrate glycolysis,has gained consensus on host metabolism.However,the mechanisms how a ...Background The ketogenic diet that forces adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production by beta-oxidation of fatty acids instead of carbohydrate glycolysis,has gained consensus on host metabolism.However,the mechanisms how a ketogenic diet alters gastrointestinal microbiome and its downstream consequences on microbial nutrient availability and energy metabolism remain to be elucidated.Here,we used the sheep model fed with fat-rich diet to evaluate the symbiotic microbiome across three regions of the gastrointestinal tract(rumen,ileum,and colon)to gain a comprehensive understanding of the microbial energy metabolism and microbe-mediated ATP biosynthesis.Results Results showed that sheep fed a fat-rich diet had a greater ADG and increased reliance on fat oxidation for fuel utilization.Metagenomics analysis showed the loss of the specialized fiber-degrading bacteria(genus_Fibrobacter)in the rumen and enrichment of genera RUG420 and Eubacterium,which are involved in lipid metabolism and bile acid processing,in the ileum.A significant functional shift related to energy metabolism was shared across three regions of the gastrointestinal microbiomes.These shifts were dominated by glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and TCA cycle in the rumen and by fatty acid degradation and bile acid transformation in the ileum,indicating adaptation to nutrient availability and energy acquisition.Notably,the abundance of substrate-level phosphorylation(SLP)enzymes was significantly increased in the rumen,ileum and colon,while the ATP-producing capacity through electron transport phosphorylation(ETP)by family_Bacteroidaceae in rumen and Acutalibacteraceae in ileum of sheep with fat-rich diet.Conclusions Altogether,the ATP-related microbiome encoding SLP and ETP in rumen,ileum,and colon contributed 36.95%to the host's weight variation.Our study is the first one demonstrating the microbial potential in the ATP synthesis under the shift in dietary energy source,providing a new perspective on the energy metabolism and precise human macronutrients nutrition.展开更多
Numerous studies have established a link between hypertension(HTN)and a high-salt diet(HSD).However,the precise mechanisms are still being investigated,with increasing evidence suggesting that HSD can alter the gut mi...Numerous studies have established a link between hypertension(HTN)and a high-salt diet(HSD).However,the precise mechanisms are still being investigated,with increasing evidence suggesting that HSD can alter the gut microbiome balance,influence the production of microbiome metabolites and potentially lead to high blood pressure,presenting a promising avenue for targeting specific microbiota in HTN treatment.Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)are produced by gut bacteria and are associated with blood pressure regulation.Thus,the relationships among HSD,SCFAs,and blood pressure could provide valuable information on the pathophysiology of HTN.This study aimed to assess the impact of HSD on HTN by investigating its influence on the gut microbiota composition and SCFA levels in a rat model of HTN.展开更多
Type 2 Diabetes(T2D)is a growing global health issue,often aggravated by excessive sugar intake.Chronic high-sucrose diets contribute to insulin resistance,oxidative stress,and pancreatic dysfunction,worsening metabol...Type 2 Diabetes(T2D)is a growing global health issue,often aggravated by excessive sugar intake.Chronic high-sucrose diets contribute to insulin resistance,oxidative stress,and pancreatic dysfunction,worsening metabolic health.Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2)inhibitors,like empagliflozin,show potential in improving glycemic control and metabolic parameters,but their effects on pancreatic efficiency in sugar-induced T2D are not well understood.This study aimed to explore the effects of empagliflozin on metabolic and pancreatic protection in a high-sucrose diet-induced T2D model.Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups:normal,normal-treated,diabetic,and diabetic-treated(n=8 per group).Diabetes was induced with a 35%sucrose solution for 8 weeks,followed by a low-dose streptozotocin(STZ)injection.Treated groups received empagliflozin(15 mg/kg/day)for the duration.Biochemical markers,including fasting blood sugar(FBS),lipid profile,insulin levels,and oxidative stress markers,were measured.Insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and pancreatic function(HOMA-B)were assessed.Histological analysis of pancreatic tissues was performed.The high-sucrose diet increased FBS,insulin resistance,and oxidative stress,while decreasing pancreatic function and islet diameter.Empagliflozin treatment lowered FBS(p=0.001),improved insulin sensitivity(p=0.001),reduced triglycerides(p=0.001),and LDL(p=0.05).It also enhanced antioxidant enzymes,reduced lipid peroxidation(MDA,p=0.001),and preserved pancreatic islet structure(p=0.001).A high-sucrose diet negatively affects metabolic health and pancreatic function.Empagliflozin mitigates these effects by improving metabolism,reducing oxidative stress,and preserving pancreatic integrity,suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent in diabetes related to excessive sugar consumption.展开更多
High-fat diet(HFD)consumption induces gut microbiota dysbiosis and neuropsychiatric disorders,including anxiety.Previous research found that Tremella polysaccharide(TP)exhibited neuroprotective effects in vitro and in...High-fat diet(HFD)consumption induces gut microbiota dysbiosis and neuropsychiatric disorders,including anxiety.Previous research found that Tremella polysaccharide(TP)exhibited neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo.This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of TP on HFD-induced anxiety-like behaviors and elucidate the underlying mechanisms from the point view of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Two groups of HFD-induced obese mice were orally gavaged with low dose(TPL,40 mg/kg)and high dose(TPH,400 mg/kg)of TP.A 12-week administration of TPH could significantly improve anxiety-like behaviors in HFD mice.In the hippocampus,microglia activation,the expression of blood-brain barrier(BBB)markers,and the levels of two neurotransmitters(serotonin and norepinephrine)were countered by TPH in mice consuming HFD.Furthermore,TPH improved the intestinal permeability and immune response of the enterocytes in HFD-fed mice.The gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by HFD was also rebalanced by TP treatments,especially in Proteobacteria and its lower taxa.The correlational analysis also suggested that shifts of some microbial genera were closely associated with body weight and the parameters of behavioral tests.Interestingly,fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)results indicated that fecal microbiota from TPH-treated obese mice could prevent HFD-induced anxiety-like behaviors,suppressed microglia activation and intestinal permeability.In conclusion,the present study indicated that TP intake is a promising dietary intervention strategy to prevent HFD-induced anxiety via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs),mainly including Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and multiple sclerosis,represent a major public health challenge with the steady increase of aging population worldwide.Emergi...Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs),mainly including Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and multiple sclerosis,represent a major public health challenge with the steady increase of aging population worldwide.Emerging evidence has revealed the key role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of NDs.Diet is one of the most important environmental factors shaping the structure and function of gut microbiota.Manipulating the gut microbiota through specific diet patterns may represent a promising approach for NDs prevention.In this review,we highlight gut microbiota variations in NDs,outline several crucial signaling pathways of the gut-brain communication,and discuss the interplay of nutrients-microbes and biological effect of diet-derived microbial metabolites on neural physiology.In particular,we summarized the current knowledge about the application of dietary patterns in NDs to prevent disease progression via the modulation of the gut microbiota.Our study provides novel insights on the diet-microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative disorders and highlights the potential of developing microbiome-targeted personalized dietary intervention for NDs management.展开更多
The nutritional status of an individual can significantly influence its life history traits,including development,growth,reproduction,and survival.In the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot(Acari:Phy...The nutritional status of an individual can significantly influence its life history traits,including development,growth,reproduction,and survival.In the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot(Acari:Phytoseidae),the plasticity of life history traits,such as developmental time and size at maturity,is influenced by the quality and quantity of food.This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary restriction at different life stages(i.e.,juvenile,early adulthood,and later adulthood)on the lifespan and fecundity of P persimilis.We found that reduced dietary intake during early adulthood resulted in a shorter lifespan for both male and female P persimilis.Furthermore,this study demonstrated a sex-specific response to dietary restriction:it extended the lifespan of males but reduced that of females during later adulthood.Diet restriction during the postovipositional period of females showed the most variable life history trait response.Our results showed that the impact of diet restriction at different life stages can have combined influences on the postovipositional duration of P persimilis,where the individuals receiving diet restriction during immature development and early adulthood had a greater reduction in ovipositional duration as those experiencing diet restriction during late adulthood.In addition,we observed a positive correlation between the lifespan and fecundity of females,with higher prey availability increasing both.The insights obtained from our research contribute to a better understanding of the aging process and dietary requirements of P persimilis,which can facilitate the development of more effective biological control strategies using this predator for spider mites in agriculture.展开更多
Background:Food allergies and eczema are often linked to food restrictions and limited diet quality.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been found to be a safe and effective therapy for food allergies and eczema.This...Background:Food allergies and eczema are often linked to food restrictions and limited diet quality.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been found to be a safe and effective therapy for food allergies and eczema.This study aims to explore the relationship between TCM therapy duration and diet quality among children and adolescents with food allergies and/or eczema.Methods:A retrospective chart review was conducted as a practice-based exploratory study of 53 children and adolescents who used TCM to manage food allergies and/or eczema.TCM use,food tolerance,and diet quality were assessed through practice-based questionnaires,food records,and dietary diversity scores(DDS).Spearman correlation,Mann-Whitney U,and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used for statistical analyses.展开更多
Background Research on low-protein-level diets has indicated that even though the profiles of essential amino acids(EAAs)follow the recommendation for a normal-protein-level diet,broilers fed low-protein diets failed ...Background Research on low-protein-level diets has indicated that even though the profiles of essential amino acids(EAAs)follow the recommendation for a normal-protein-level diet,broilers fed low-protein diets failed to achieve pro-ductive performance compared to those fed normal diets.Therefore,it is imperative to reassess the optimum profile of EAAs in low-protein diets and establish a new ideal pattern for amino acid balance.Furthermore,identifying novel sensitive biomarkers for assessing amino acid balance will greatly facilitate the development of amino acid nutrition and application technology.In this study,12 dietary treatments[Con(+),Con(-),L&A(-),L&A(+),M&C(-),M&C(+),BCAA(-),BCAA(+),Thr(-),Thr(+),Trp(-)and Trp(+)]were established by combining different EAAs including lysine and argi-nine,methionine and cysteine,branched-chain amino acid(BCAA),threonine,and tryptophan to observe the growth and development of the broiler chickens fed with low-protein-level diets.Based on the biochemical parameters and untargeted metabolomic analysis of animals subjected to different treatments,biomarkers associated with opti-mal and suboptimal amino acid balance were identified.Results Growth performance,carcass characteristics,hepatic enzyme activity,serum biochemical parameters,and breast muscle mRNA expression differed significantly between male and female broilers under different dietary amino acid patterns.Male broilers exhibited higher sensitivity to the adjustment of amino acid patterns than female broilers.For the low-protein diet,the dietary concentrations of lysine,arginine,and tryptophan,but not of methionine,cystine,or threonine,needed to be increased.Therefore,further research on individual BCAA is required.For untar-geted metabolomic analysis,Con(+)was selected as a normal diet(NP)while Con(-)represented a low-protein diet(LP).L&A(+)denotes a low-protein amino acid balanced diet(LPAB)and Thr(+)represents a low-protein amino acid imbalance diet(LPAI).The metabolites oxypurinol,pantothenic acid,and D-octopine in birds were significantly influ-enced by different dietary amino acid patterns.Conclusion Adjusting the amino acid profile of low-protein diets is required to achieve normal growth performance in broiler chickens fed normal-protein diets.Oxypurinol,pantothenic acid,and D-octopine have been identified as potentially sensitive biomarkers for assessing amino acid balance.展开更多
基金part of the Agri Futures Chicken Meat Consortium – Nutrition, Gut Health and Environment project (PRO016111) with the Agri Futures Chicken Meat ProgramThe University of Queensland+12 种基金The University of SydneyCentral Queensland Universityepartment of Agriculture and Fisheries QueenslandMassey UniversityAviagendsm-firmenichLuctaEurolysine (formally Metex Noovistago)LallemandPoultry Research FoundationWorld Poultry Science Association New Zealand Branchthe stipend scholarship provided by the Chicken Meat Consortiumthe Research Tuition Fee Scholarship provided by the Faculty of Science at the University of Sydney
文摘Replacing soybean meal(SBM)in broiler diets with only other plant-based protein-rich ingredients or only non-bound amino acids(NBAA)may compromise growth performance in broiler chickens.However,combining both to replace SBM may be feasible while maintaining broiler performance.A 3×2 full factorial designed experiment was conducted to include three levels of SBM inclusions(conventional,medium,and low/nil)and with supplementation of field peas or not(50,80,100,and 120 g/kg in the starter,grower,finisher,and withdrawal phases,respectively).The variation of SBM inclusions in the diets led to changes in NBAA inclusions and total dietary crude protein.Each diet was offered to 10 replicates of 5 birds per bioassay cage,totaling 300 straight-run,Ross 308 broilers,from 0 to 42 days post-hatch.From 0 to 10 days post-hatch,medium inclusion of SBM reduced feed conversion ratio(FCR)compared to conventional SBM inclusions(1.171 versus 1.129,P=0.044).From 0 to 24 days post-hatch,pea inclusions improved the body weight gain by 2.08%(1371 versus 1343 g/bird;P=0.038)and reduced FCR from 1.297 to 1.276(P<0.001)regardless of dietary SBM inclusion levels.Similarly,from 0 to 35 days post-hatch,pea inclusion increased body weight gain from 2632 to 2731 g/bird(P=0.001)and reduced FCR from 1.405 to 1.369(P<0.001).Overall from 0 to 42 days,field peas inclusion improved body weight gain by 2.87%(3421 versus 3519 g/bird,P=0.025),and reduced FCR by 3.1 points(1.518 versus 1.487,P=0.024)regardless of SBM inclusion levels from 0 to 42 days post-hatch.Dietary treatment did not influence carcass yield and energy utilisation(P>0.05).From 27 to 29 days,broiler chickens offered diets containing the standard SBM inclusion generated the lowest total tract nitrogen retention regardless of pea inclusion rates(P=0.001).Reducing SBM inclusions,which corresponded with a reduction in dietary crude protein,increased apparent distal jejunal and ileal protein(N)digestibility coefficients(P<0.05)and total tract nitrogen retention(P=0.001),regardless of field pea inclusion.Diets containing the least SBM had increased apparent distal ileal digestibility coefficients of valine,glycine and proline(7.07%)compared to the conventional diets(P<0.05).In conclusion,replacing SBM with 5%-12%field peas and NBAAs in wheat-based broiler diets to achieve a 20 g/kg dietary CP reduction did not compromise growth performance in broiler chickens.The mechanism by which peas enhanced growth performance is unclear,as the inclusion of peas in the present study did not alter the starch digestion rate.
基金funding from the European Union -NextGenerationEU through the Italian Ministry of University and Research under PRIN PNRR REG D.R.1718-2022– Project number PRJ-1575 INDICA。
文摘Indicaxanthin is a betalain that is abundant in Opuntia ficus-indica orange fruit and has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, very little is known about the neuroprotective potential of indicaxanthin. This study investigated the impact of indicaxanthin on neuronal damage and gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by a high-fat diet in mice. The mice were divided into three groups according to different diets: the negative control group was fed a standard diet;the high-fat diet group was fed a high-fat diet;and the high-fat diet + indicaxanthin group was fed a high-fat diet and received indicaxanthin orally(0.86 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks. Brain apoptosis, redox status, inflammation, and the gut microbiota composition were compared among the different animal groups. The results demonstrated that indicaxanthin treatment reduced neuronal apoptosis by downregulating the expression of proapoptotic genes and increasing the expression of antiapoptotic genes. Indicaxanthin also markedly decreased the expression of neuroinflammatory proteins and genes and inhibited high-fat diet–induced neuronal oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels. In addition, indicaxanthin treatment improved the microflora composition by increasing the abundance of healthy bacterial genera, known as producers of short-chain fatty acids(Lachnospiraceae, Alloprovetella, and Lactobacillus), and by reducing bacteria related to unhealthy profiles(Blautia, Faecalibaculum, Romboutsia and Bilophila). In conclusion, indicaxanthin has a positive effect on high-fat diet–induced neuronal damage and on the gut microbiota composition in obese mice.
文摘Epidemiological studies indicate a strong correlation between various types of human cancer and dietary factors,whereas the specific mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.Epigenetic alterations,such as DNA methylation,histone modifications,and noncoding RNA,are influenced by dietary components,especially phytochemicals and nutrients that participate in one-carbon metabolism.These alterations significantly impact cancer occurrence and progression.Consequently,epigenetic pathways may mediate the effects of diet on cancer risk.This review synthesizes the current information regarding the association of epigenetic alterations with cancer initiation and development,as well as the mechanisms by which diet exerts its influence on these changes.The goal of this minireview is to enhance the understanding of the roles of diet on epigenetic alterations to improve cancer prevention and treatment through diet.
文摘Background: Plant-based diets are eating patterns focusing on high intake of plant-basedfoods while limiting the intake of animal-based foods. In recent decades, plant-based dietshave received increasing attention for their potential benefits for humans and theenvironment. However, a comprehensive overview of the development trends and researchhotspots of plant-based diets is still lacking. Therefore, this scientometric study aimed to fillthis critical research gap. Methods: English literature related to plant-based diets publishedfrom 2012 to 2023 in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) of Web of Science CoreCollection was collected on August 16, 2023, using relevant key terms. R-bibliometrix,CiteSpace, and VOSviewer were used to analyze data and construct knowledge graphs.Results: Overall, 4135 publications (3127 articles and 1008 reviews) were included in thisstudy, showing an obvious upward trend in this field annually from 2012 to 2023, rangingfrom 70 to 921. The USA published the highest number of studies (n =1158) and was theleading research center in this field worldwide. Universities were the main researchinstitutions;particularly, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health contributed to thelargest number of publications (n = 88) and had an active cooperation with otherinstitutions. Mcclements DJ contributed the most publications (n = 49) and ranked firstamong the scholars in plant-based diets. The most productive academic journal (n = 353)on plant-based diets was Nutrients, with an IF2022 of 5.9, while Foods and Frontiers in Nutritionwere the relatively active journals in this field in recent years. “Quality,” “milk,” “culturedmeat,” “plant protein,” “environmental impacts,” “functional properties,” “plant-based meatalternative,” “dietary change,” “vegan diet,” “plant-based beverage,” “gut microbiota,”“middle-income countries,” and “chronic kidney disease” were the main research hotspotsand frontiers in the field of plant-based diets. Conclusion: This study provides acomprehensive overview of global research on plant-based diets. Although research in thisfield has gained increasing attention in recent decades, cooperation among differentinstitutions and researchers should be significantly strengthened. Moreover, more studiesare needed to further assess the health and environmental impacts of plant-based diets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32122069)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(No.BJJWZYJH01201910011025)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M730134)。
文摘Globally,hyperuricemia is a growing health,social,and economic problem which could cause gout,chronic kidney diseases and other diseases.There are increasing evidences that a sensible diet makes sense to reduce the risk of hyperuricemia.This review aims to explore the metabolic mechanism of dietary factors and effects of dietary types associated with hyperuricemia.Recommendations for dietary modification to prevent hyperuricemia are as following:decreasing intake of animal organs,seafood,sugar-sweetened,and alcohol beverages is essential;choosing water or unsweetened tea and coffee instead of sweetened beverages is beneficial;and increasing intake of vegetables,reduced-fat dairy products,foods containing fiber,micronutrients and unsaturated fatty acids is helpful.In addition,consumption of fruits and legumes in moderation is advantageous,and low-fructose of fruits and low-purine of non-soy beans are recommended.Moreover,personalized diet needs to be emphasized for hyperuricemic patients accompanied with diverse metabolic diseases.
文摘BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity,food neophobia,and food avoidance,there is no clear definition to assess this behavior.Due to the unavailability of data regarding picky eating,it wasn’t easy to estimate its prevalence.AIM To develop a regional protocol to help healthcare professionals identify and manage mild and moderate picky eating cases.METHODS A virtual roundtable discussion was held in April 2021 to gather the opinions of seven pediatricians and two pediatric dietitians from eight Middle Eastern countries who had great experience in the management of picky eating.The discussion covered different topics,including clearly defining mild and moderate picky eating,identifying the role of diet fortification in these cases,and the possibility of developing a systematic approach to diet fortification.RESULTS The panel identified picky eating as consuming an inadequate amount and variety of foods by rejecting familiar and unfamiliar food.Most of the time,moderate picky eating cases had micronutrient deficiencies with over-or undernutrition;the mild cases only showed inadequate food consumption and/or poor diet quality.Paying attention to the organic red flags like growth faltering and development delay and behavioral red flags,including food fixation and anticipatory gagging,will help healthcare professionals evaluate the picky eaters and the caregivers to care for their children.Although dietary supplementation and commercial food fortification play an important role in picky eating,they were no benefit in the Middle East.CONCLUSION The panel agreed that food fortification through a food-first approach and oral nutritional supplements would be the best for Middle Eastern children.These recommendations would facilitate identifying and managing picky-eating children in the Middle East.
文摘Purpose: In super-aging societies, prosthodontists will have a growing role and will need to improve their nutrition knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a workshop-based model for increasing dysphagia diet awareness among prosthodontists working with head and neck cancer patients. Methods: The study had a post-intervention design and included 10 maxillofacial prosthetic educators from eight countries who participated in a 120-minute workshop focused on theoretical and practical training in nutrition support for patients with dysphagia. Sessions were held in a specialized restaurant in Tokyo and included lectures, observation of Japanese cooking techniques, hands-on preparation of dysphagia-friendly foods, and cross-cultural comparisons. Knowledge, confidence, and practical application were assessed using a post-workshop questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to evaluate outcomes. Results: Seven of the 10 prosthodontists completed the post-intervention questionnaire. All respondents reported overall satisfaction with the workshop. Session content was regarded as easy to understand by 57.14%, appropriate by 28.57%, and easy by 14.29%. Most respondents (85.71%) were “very satisfied” with the instructors’ explanations, and 100% were “very satisfied” with the workshop’s length and structure;71.42% felt they could apply the knowledge in clinical practice, while 28.58% anticipated challenges. The respondents appreciated the workshop’s focus on dysphagia, particularly in elderly patients, and valued the insights into Japanese dysphagia diets and culture. Conclusions: Workshops on nutrition provide an interactive platform for prosthodontists to enhance their knowledge and improve comprehensive patient care, highlighting the importance for prosthodontists to stay updated on developments in nutrition, particularly in dysphagia.
基金supported by the grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.81602236).
文摘Erectile dysfunction(ED)is prevalent among men,but its relationship with dietary habits is uncertain.The aim of our study was to assess whether dietary patterns enhance erectile function by reviewing the literature published before August 1,2022,via PubMed,Web of Science,and EMBASE databases.The data compiled included author details;publication dates,countries,treatments,patient numbers,ages,follow-ups,and clinical trial outcomes,such as ED cases,odds ratios(ORs),confidence intervals(CIs),and International Index of Erectile Function-5(IIEF-5)scores with means and standard deviations.An analysis of 14 studies with 27389 participants revealed that plant-based diets(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.66-0.75;P<0.00001),low-fat diets(OR=0.27,95%CI:0.13-0.53;P=0.0002),and alternative diets such as intermittent fasting and organic diets(OR=0.54,95%CI:0.36-0.80;P=0.002)significantly reduced ED risk.High-protein low-fat diets(hazard ratio[HR]=1.38,95%CI:1.12-1.64;P<0.00001)and high-carb low-fat diets(HR=0.79,95%CI:0.55-1.04;P<0.00001)improved IIEF-5 scores.Combined diet and exercise interventions decreased the likelihood of ED(OR=0.49,95%CI:0.28-0.85;P=0.01)and increased the IIEF-5 score(OR=3.40,95%CI:1.69-5.11;P<0.0001).Diets abundant in fruits and vegetables(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.96-0.98;P<0.00001)and nuts(OR=0.54,95%CI:0.37-0.80;P=0.002)were also correlated with lower ED risk.Our meta-analysis underscores a strong dietary-ED association,suggesting that low-fat/Mediterranean diets rich in produce and nuts could benefit ED management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32122067 and 32021005)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JUSRP622013)。
文摘Infancy and toddlerhood are critical phases of life,as the gut microbiota is established here,which influences current and future health.During this period,the microbiota was relatively less stable and highly responsive to environmental factors.Therefore,it is important to understand how dietary factors affect this complex stage of microbial assembly.The effect of feeding practices(breast milk/formula) on microbial colonization in early infancy has been actively studied;however,studies on the effect of diet on the gut microbiota during the complementary feeding period are sparse.The introduction of complementary foods provides abundant new dietary compounds for the gut microbiota,which induces a shift in gut microbiota and metabolism from milk-adapted toward a more mature and diverse adult-like community.Herein,we discuss the impact of dietary nutrients(carbohydrates,proteins,fats,vitamins,and minerals) on microbiome of infants and toddlers.Furthermore,this review summarizes the effects of complementary feeding patterns,specific foods(such as cereals;legumes and nuts;vegetables and fruits;meats;dairy products),food additives,and malnutrition(undernutrition or overnutrition) on gut microbiota of this populations.These findings might deepen our comprehension of the complex interactions between diets and the development and establishment of the gut microbiota.This may facilitate the tailoring of interventions aimed at promoting beneficial modifications within the gut microbial community.Furthermore,the insights gained could inform the design and implementation of safe and efficacious complementary feeding practices.
基金This article is funded by HEC,520-163233-2AV6-09,Anam Iqbal.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic potential of coumarin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles(CNNPs)in managing high-fructose diet-induced diabetes and associated complications.Methods:CNNPs were synthesized using an ionic gelation method with chitosan coating and characterized.Rats with a high-fructose diet-induced diabetes were treated with coumarin and CNNPs(30,70,and 100 mg/kg)for 6-12 weeks.Metabolic,inflammatory,oxidative stress,organ function,and cardiovascular parameters were assessed,and qRT-PCR studies were carried out for measuring the mRNA expression of glucose transporter-4(GLUT-4),sirtuin-1(SIRT1),pyrin domain containing-3(NLRP3),sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c(SREBP-1c),forkhead box O3(FOXO3),and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)genes.Results:Nanoparticle characterization revealed a Z-average size of 510.8 nm with a+14 mV zeta potential.CNNP treatment was more effective than coumarin,normalizing glycemic markers(glycosylated hemoglobin,serum insulin,and fasting blood glucose),and lipid profiles(total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,triglycerides,and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol).Significant improvements were also seen in adipokines(adiponectin,chemerin,and leptin),inflammatory cytokines(interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α),and oxidative stress markers(catalase,superoxide dismutase and malonaldehyde).In addition,both treatments significantly upregulated the gene expression of SIRT1,GLUT-4,and eNOS,and downregulated FOXO3,SREBP-1c,and NLRP3.Histopathological studies confirmed that CNNPs ameliorated diabetes-induced structural abnormalities in major organs.Conclusions:CNNPs demonstrate improved bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy,offering a promising strategy for managing high-fructose diet-induced metabolic dysfunction and its complications.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD2402000)。
文摘Background Mitophagy is an essential cellular autophagic process which maintains mitochondrial homeostasis,but its role in high fat diet(HFD)-induced lipid accumulation is unclear in the yellow catfish.Thus,this study aimed to elucidate mechanism of mitochondria mediating HFD-induced hepatic fat accumulation.Results In the present study,yellow catfish were fed three diets with dietary fat at 6.31%(low fat;LFD,control),12.03%(middle fat;MFD)and 15.32%(high fat;HFD),respectively,for 8 weeks.High dietary fat addition raised hepatic lipid accumulation,and declined mRNA and protein levels of Parkin-dependent mitophagy,down-regulated the Parkin protein expression and the estrogen-related receptor alpha(Errα)ubiquitination,and induced Errαprotein levels;fatty acid(FA)incubation reduced Parkin-dependent mitophagy,inhibited Errαubiquitination and increased Errαprotein expression,and raised TG accumulation.Furthermore,yellow catfish hepatocytes were isolated and cultured.Nicotinamide mononucleotide,N-acetyl-L-cysteine,Parkin and errαsiRNA knockdown were used under FA incubation,respectively.Parkin downregulation mediated FA incubation-induced TG accumulation and mitoautophagic inhibition;Parkin ubiquitinated Errα,and K63 was an important ubiquitination site for deubiquitinating Parkin activity;Errαtargets fas,acca and pparγgenes,whose activation contributed to FA-induced lipogenesis and lipid accumulation.Thus,high fat diet(HFD)and FA incubation inhibited Parkin activity,suppressed mitophagy and activated Errαpathway,and induced hepatic lipogenic metabolism and lipotoxicity.Conclusions Overall,our study provided new targets against HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the vertebrates.
基金Supported by the Anhui Medical University Research Fund(No.2023xkj035)National Natural Science Foundation Incubation Program Project of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University(No.2023GQFY05)the Key Research and Development Technology project of Anhui Province(No.2022j11020013).
文摘AIM:To examined the effects of a high-fat diet(HFD)on retinal pathological changes and dysfunction using peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha(PPARα)knockout mice.METHODS:For four months,C57BL/6J and PPARαknockout mice received either HFD or a standard diet(SD).A fluorometric method was used to determine the retinal triglycerides.The retinal malondialdehyde(MDA)content was measured.Hematoxylin-eosin was used to evaluate retinal pathological changes.Protein expression was analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence,while mRNA expression was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Electroretinogram was used to assess retinal function.RESULTS:HFD resulted in increased fatty acidβ-oxidation in the inner retina,particularly retinal ganglion cells(RGCs),as well as increased weight and accumulation of retinal triglyceride.Retinal fatty acid β-oxidation and triglyceride accumulation were affected by PPARα^(−/−)abnormalities.PPARαknockdown increased the infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells,as well as it upregulated the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway and corresponding proinflammatory cytokine levels in the most retina subjected to the HFD.In the HFD mice,oxidative stress levels were elevated in the inner retina,particularly in the HFD PPARα^(−/−)mice.HFD-induced RGCs apoptosis initiation was exacerbated by PPARαdeficiency.Lastly,HFD feeding resulted in the lower amplitudes of scotopic a-wave,b-wave and photopic negative response(PhNR)wave,particularly in HFD PPARα^(−/−)mice.CONCLUSION:In HFD-fed mice retina,particularly in the inner retina,PPARα knockout increases lipid metabolic abnormalities,inflammatory responses,oxidative stress,apoptosis initiation and dysfunction.
基金supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences(Strategic Priority Research Program Grant No.XDA26040304,XDA26050102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072760)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(2022 JJ10054)。
文摘Background The ketogenic diet that forces adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production by beta-oxidation of fatty acids instead of carbohydrate glycolysis,has gained consensus on host metabolism.However,the mechanisms how a ketogenic diet alters gastrointestinal microbiome and its downstream consequences on microbial nutrient availability and energy metabolism remain to be elucidated.Here,we used the sheep model fed with fat-rich diet to evaluate the symbiotic microbiome across three regions of the gastrointestinal tract(rumen,ileum,and colon)to gain a comprehensive understanding of the microbial energy metabolism and microbe-mediated ATP biosynthesis.Results Results showed that sheep fed a fat-rich diet had a greater ADG and increased reliance on fat oxidation for fuel utilization.Metagenomics analysis showed the loss of the specialized fiber-degrading bacteria(genus_Fibrobacter)in the rumen and enrichment of genera RUG420 and Eubacterium,which are involved in lipid metabolism and bile acid processing,in the ileum.A significant functional shift related to energy metabolism was shared across three regions of the gastrointestinal microbiomes.These shifts were dominated by glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and TCA cycle in the rumen and by fatty acid degradation and bile acid transformation in the ileum,indicating adaptation to nutrient availability and energy acquisition.Notably,the abundance of substrate-level phosphorylation(SLP)enzymes was significantly increased in the rumen,ileum and colon,while the ATP-producing capacity through electron transport phosphorylation(ETP)by family_Bacteroidaceae in rumen and Acutalibacteraceae in ileum of sheep with fat-rich diet.Conclusions Altogether,the ATP-related microbiome encoding SLP and ETP in rumen,ileum,and colon contributed 36.95%to the host's weight variation.Our study is the first one demonstrating the microbial potential in the ATP synthesis under the shift in dietary energy source,providing a new perspective on the energy metabolism and precise human macronutrients nutrition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82305092,No.82274412 and No.82274411)the National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(No.2023JJ30453)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Changsha(No.kq2208185)the Hunan Youth Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project(No.2022RC1021)the Foundation of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine(No.Z2023XJYQ03).
文摘Numerous studies have established a link between hypertension(HTN)and a high-salt diet(HSD).However,the precise mechanisms are still being investigated,with increasing evidence suggesting that HSD can alter the gut microbiome balance,influence the production of microbiome metabolites and potentially lead to high blood pressure,presenting a promising avenue for targeting specific microbiota in HTN treatment.Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)are produced by gut bacteria and are associated with blood pressure regulation.Thus,the relationships among HSD,SCFAs,and blood pressure could provide valuable information on the pathophysiology of HTN.This study aimed to assess the impact of HSD on HTN by investigating its influence on the gut microbiota composition and SCFA levels in a rat model of HTN.
文摘Type 2 Diabetes(T2D)is a growing global health issue,often aggravated by excessive sugar intake.Chronic high-sucrose diets contribute to insulin resistance,oxidative stress,and pancreatic dysfunction,worsening metabolic health.Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2)inhibitors,like empagliflozin,show potential in improving glycemic control and metabolic parameters,but their effects on pancreatic efficiency in sugar-induced T2D are not well understood.This study aimed to explore the effects of empagliflozin on metabolic and pancreatic protection in a high-sucrose diet-induced T2D model.Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups:normal,normal-treated,diabetic,and diabetic-treated(n=8 per group).Diabetes was induced with a 35%sucrose solution for 8 weeks,followed by a low-dose streptozotocin(STZ)injection.Treated groups received empagliflozin(15 mg/kg/day)for the duration.Biochemical markers,including fasting blood sugar(FBS),lipid profile,insulin levels,and oxidative stress markers,were measured.Insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and pancreatic function(HOMA-B)were assessed.Histological analysis of pancreatic tissues was performed.The high-sucrose diet increased FBS,insulin resistance,and oxidative stress,while decreasing pancreatic function and islet diameter.Empagliflozin treatment lowered FBS(p=0.001),improved insulin sensitivity(p=0.001),reduced triglycerides(p=0.001),and LDL(p=0.05).It also enhanced antioxidant enzymes,reduced lipid peroxidation(MDA,p=0.001),and preserved pancreatic islet structure(p=0.001).A high-sucrose diet negatively affects metabolic health and pancreatic function.Empagliflozin mitigates these effects by improving metabolism,reducing oxidative stress,and preserving pancreatic integrity,suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent in diabetes related to excessive sugar consumption.
基金supported by the Seed Fund of Research Institute of Future Food(1-CD54)。
文摘High-fat diet(HFD)consumption induces gut microbiota dysbiosis and neuropsychiatric disorders,including anxiety.Previous research found that Tremella polysaccharide(TP)exhibited neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo.This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of TP on HFD-induced anxiety-like behaviors and elucidate the underlying mechanisms from the point view of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Two groups of HFD-induced obese mice were orally gavaged with low dose(TPL,40 mg/kg)and high dose(TPH,400 mg/kg)of TP.A 12-week administration of TPH could significantly improve anxiety-like behaviors in HFD mice.In the hippocampus,microglia activation,the expression of blood-brain barrier(BBB)markers,and the levels of two neurotransmitters(serotonin and norepinephrine)were countered by TPH in mice consuming HFD.Furthermore,TPH improved the intestinal permeability and immune response of the enterocytes in HFD-fed mice.The gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by HFD was also rebalanced by TP treatments,especially in Proteobacteria and its lower taxa.The correlational analysis also suggested that shifts of some microbial genera were closely associated with body weight and the parameters of behavioral tests.Interestingly,fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)results indicated that fecal microbiota from TPH-treated obese mice could prevent HFD-induced anxiety-like behaviors,suppressed microglia activation and intestinal permeability.In conclusion,the present study indicated that TP intake is a promising dietary intervention strategy to prevent HFD-induced anxiety via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32230081)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001677)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M680256).
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs),mainly including Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and multiple sclerosis,represent a major public health challenge with the steady increase of aging population worldwide.Emerging evidence has revealed the key role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of NDs.Diet is one of the most important environmental factors shaping the structure and function of gut microbiota.Manipulating the gut microbiota through specific diet patterns may represent a promising approach for NDs prevention.In this review,we highlight gut microbiota variations in NDs,outline several crucial signaling pathways of the gut-brain communication,and discuss the interplay of nutrients-microbes and biological effect of diet-derived microbial metabolites on neural physiology.In particular,we summarized the current knowledge about the application of dietary patterns in NDs to prevent disease progression via the modulation of the gut microbiota.Our study provides novel insights on the diet-microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative disorders and highlights the potential of developing microbiome-targeted personalized dietary intervention for NDs management.
基金supported in part by New Zealand Government core funding for Crown Research Institutes from the Ministry of Business,Innovation,and Employment's Science and Innovation Group.
文摘The nutritional status of an individual can significantly influence its life history traits,including development,growth,reproduction,and survival.In the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot(Acari:Phytoseidae),the plasticity of life history traits,such as developmental time and size at maturity,is influenced by the quality and quantity of food.This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary restriction at different life stages(i.e.,juvenile,early adulthood,and later adulthood)on the lifespan and fecundity of P persimilis.We found that reduced dietary intake during early adulthood resulted in a shorter lifespan for both male and female P persimilis.Furthermore,this study demonstrated a sex-specific response to dietary restriction:it extended the lifespan of males but reduced that of females during later adulthood.Diet restriction during the postovipositional period of females showed the most variable life history trait response.Our results showed that the impact of diet restriction at different life stages can have combined influences on the postovipositional duration of P persimilis,where the individuals receiving diet restriction during immature development and early adulthood had a greater reduction in ovipositional duration as those experiencing diet restriction during late adulthood.In addition,we observed a positive correlation between the lifespan and fecundity of females,with higher prey availability increasing both.The insights obtained from our research contribute to a better understanding of the aging process and dietary requirements of P persimilis,which can facilitate the development of more effective biological control strategies using this predator for spider mites in agriculture.
文摘Background:Food allergies and eczema are often linked to food restrictions and limited diet quality.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been found to be a safe and effective therapy for food allergies and eczema.This study aims to explore the relationship between TCM therapy duration and diet quality among children and adolescents with food allergies and/or eczema.Methods:A retrospective chart review was conducted as a practice-based exploratory study of 53 children and adolescents who used TCM to manage food allergies and/or eczema.TCM use,food tolerance,and diet quality were assessed through practice-based questionnaires,food records,and dietary diversity scores(DDS).Spearman correlation,Mann-Whitney U,and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used for statistical analyses.
基金Shenyang Governmental Science and Technology Program(Project No.22-316-2-02)China Agriculture Research System Program(Project No.CARS-41-G04).
文摘Background Research on low-protein-level diets has indicated that even though the profiles of essential amino acids(EAAs)follow the recommendation for a normal-protein-level diet,broilers fed low-protein diets failed to achieve pro-ductive performance compared to those fed normal diets.Therefore,it is imperative to reassess the optimum profile of EAAs in low-protein diets and establish a new ideal pattern for amino acid balance.Furthermore,identifying novel sensitive biomarkers for assessing amino acid balance will greatly facilitate the development of amino acid nutrition and application technology.In this study,12 dietary treatments[Con(+),Con(-),L&A(-),L&A(+),M&C(-),M&C(+),BCAA(-),BCAA(+),Thr(-),Thr(+),Trp(-)and Trp(+)]were established by combining different EAAs including lysine and argi-nine,methionine and cysteine,branched-chain amino acid(BCAA),threonine,and tryptophan to observe the growth and development of the broiler chickens fed with low-protein-level diets.Based on the biochemical parameters and untargeted metabolomic analysis of animals subjected to different treatments,biomarkers associated with opti-mal and suboptimal amino acid balance were identified.Results Growth performance,carcass characteristics,hepatic enzyme activity,serum biochemical parameters,and breast muscle mRNA expression differed significantly between male and female broilers under different dietary amino acid patterns.Male broilers exhibited higher sensitivity to the adjustment of amino acid patterns than female broilers.For the low-protein diet,the dietary concentrations of lysine,arginine,and tryptophan,but not of methionine,cystine,or threonine,needed to be increased.Therefore,further research on individual BCAA is required.For untar-geted metabolomic analysis,Con(+)was selected as a normal diet(NP)while Con(-)represented a low-protein diet(LP).L&A(+)denotes a low-protein amino acid balanced diet(LPAB)and Thr(+)represents a low-protein amino acid imbalance diet(LPAI).The metabolites oxypurinol,pantothenic acid,and D-octopine in birds were significantly influ-enced by different dietary amino acid patterns.Conclusion Adjusting the amino acid profile of low-protein diets is required to achieve normal growth performance in broiler chickens fed normal-protein diets.Oxypurinol,pantothenic acid,and D-octopine have been identified as potentially sensitive biomarkers for assessing amino acid balance.
