We present a gain adaptive tuning method for fiber Raman amplifier(FRA) using two-stage neural networks(NNs) and double weights updates. After training the connection weights of two-stage NNs separately in training ph...We present a gain adaptive tuning method for fiber Raman amplifier(FRA) using two-stage neural networks(NNs) and double weights updates. After training the connection weights of two-stage NNs separately in training phase, the connection weights of the unified NN are updated again in verification phase according to error between the predicted and target gains to eliminate the inherent error of the NNs. The simulation results show that the mean of root mean square error(RMSE) and maximum error of gains are 0.131 d B and 0.281 d B, respectively. It shows that the method can realize adaptive adjustment function of FRA gain with high accuracy.展开更多
In this paper,it is shown that the harmonic Bergman projection P_(ω)^(h),induced by a radial,induced by a radial weightω,is bounded and onto from L^(∞)(D)to the harmonic Bloch space B_(h)if and only ifω∈D,,which ...In this paper,it is shown that the harmonic Bergman projection P_(ω)^(h),induced by a radial,induced by a radial weightω,is bounded and onto from L^(∞)(D)to the harmonic Bloch space B_(h)if and only ifω∈D,,which is a class of radial weights satisfying the two-sided doubling conditions.As an application,the bounded and compact positive Toeplitz operators T_(μ,ω)on the endpoint case weighted harmonic Bergman space L_(h,ω)^(1)(D)are characterized.展开更多
Grain filling is a critical determinant of yield and quality in rice.This study aims to clarify the association between grain photosynthesis and the filling rate of rice varieties with different grain weights,providin...Grain filling is a critical determinant of yield and quality in rice.This study aims to clarify the association between grain photosynthesis and the filling rate of rice varieties with different grain weights,providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing grain-filling processes.Two rice varieties with similar growth duration but different grain weights were selected:a large-grain variety,Lingliangyou 268(L268),and a small-grain variety,Ruiliangyou 1053(R1053).Differences in grain filling,grain photosynthetic rate,and grain chlorophyll content were systematically examined during the filling stage.Results showed significant differences in grain-filling,grain photosynthetic rate,and grain chlorophyll content between large-grain and small-grain rice varieties.The grain photosynthetic rate of L268 was a significantly higher than R1053.L268 also exhibited significantly higher initial grain filling rate,maximum grainfilling rate,and mean grain filling rate compared to R1053.Throughout the grain filling period,L268 showed higher grain chlorophyll content(including chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and total chlorophyll)than R1053.The increase in chlorophyll content,particularly total chlorophyll,enhanced the grain photosynthetic rate during the early and middle stages of grain filling significantly.These findings suggested that rice varieties with higher grain weights exhibited stronger panicle photosynthetic capacity due to their higher chlorophyll content.The enhanced grain photosynthetic rate contributed to improved grain filling and increased grain weight.展开更多
The mode of delivery and gestational age for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants are not yet well established and are constant topics of debate. Objective: To analyze the impact of delivery mode on morbidity ...The mode of delivery and gestational age for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants are not yet well established and are constant topics of debate. Objective: To analyze the impact of delivery mode on morbidity in preterm infants weighing less than 1500 g. Results: Among 21,957 births, 81 were analyzed;53 were delivered vaginally, and 28 were delivered by cesarean section. The median maternal age, gestational age and body mass index among those delivered vaginally and by cesarean section were 20 years and 22.5 years, 27.6 weeks and 30.1 weeks, and 26.0 kg/m2 and 27.8 kg/m2, respectively. With respect to neonatal blood gas parameters, for those born vaginally and by cesarean section, the median pH was 7.32 and 7.24, the pCO2 was 41.5 mmHg and 51.1 mmHg, and the pO2 was 22.3 mmHg and 16 mmHg. The median fetal weight among those born by cesarean section and vaginally were 1180 g and 955 g, respectively. The median Apgar scores at the first and fifth minutes among those born by cesarean section and vaginally were 5.00 and 8.00 and 4.50 and 7.00, respectively. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the results of vaginal and cesarean delivery for VLBW infants. Thus, further studies on this subject are needed.展开更多
Partition-based clustering with weighted feature is developed in the framework of shadowed sets. The objects in the core and boundary regions, generated by shadowed sets-based clustering, have different impact on the ...Partition-based clustering with weighted feature is developed in the framework of shadowed sets. The objects in the core and boundary regions, generated by shadowed sets-based clustering, have different impact on the prototype of each cluster. By integrating feature weights, a formula for weight calculation is introduced to the clustering algorithm. The selection of weight exponent is crucial for good result and the weights are updated iteratively with each partition of clusters. The convergence of the weighted algorithms is given, and the feasible cluster validity indices of data mining application are utilized. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-life numerical data with different feature weights demonstrate that the weighted algorithm is better than the other unweighted algorithms.展开更多
Based on the quantifier guided method,an ordered weighted averaging(OWA)weights generating method under given orness level with regular increasing monotone(RIM)quantifiers is proposed.Then the RIM quantifier based OWA...Based on the quantifier guided method,an ordered weighted averaging(OWA)weights generating method under given orness level with regular increasing monotone(RIM)quantifiers is proposed.Then the RIM quantifier based OWA weights generating method is modified to make the generated weights be monotonic,which can be used to express the decision maker's consistent preference information.Finally,both of these weights generating methods are extended to their generic forms,so that they can generate the OWA weights for any ordinary elements set with any given aggregated value.展开更多
Let Hn be the set of real algebraic polynomials of degree n, whose zeros all lie in the interval [-1,1]. The well known Turán type inequalities tell us that forf（x）∈Hn, it holds ‖f＇‖≥C√n‖f‖. This note d...Let Hn be the set of real algebraic polynomials of degree n, whose zeros all lie in the interval [-1,1]. The well known Turán type inequalities tell us that forf（x）∈Hn, it holds ‖f＇‖≥C√n‖f‖. This note deals with the weighted Turán type inequalities with the weights having inner singularities under L^p norm for 0〈p≤∞. Our results essentially extend the result of Wang and Zhou （2002）, and the method used in this paper is simpler and more direct than that of Wang and Zhou （2002）. The results and methods have their own values in approximation theory and computation.展开更多
The objective of the research is to evaluate spatial groundwater quality based on improved fuzzy comprehensive assessment model with entropy weights(FCAEW)in geographical information system(GIS)environment.This paper ...The objective of the research is to evaluate spatial groundwater quality based on improved fuzzy comprehensive assessment model with entropy weights(FCAEW)in geographical information system(GIS)environment.This paper explores the method of comprehensive evaluation of groundwater and sets up an evaluation model applying GIS and FCAEW.Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed from 29 wells in Zhenping County,China.Six parameters were chosen including chloride,sulfate,total hardness,nitrate,fluoride and color.Better spatial interpolation methods for evaluated parameters are found out and selected according to the minimum cross-validation errors from the interpolation methods.FCAEW model was carried out with the help of GIS which makes the evaluating process simpler and easier and more automatically,effectively,efficiently and intelligently.The result embodies the feasibility and effectiveness of FCAEW in GIS when compared with other comprehensive evaluation methods.展开更多
This paper presents an improved approach based on the equivalent-weights particle filter(EWPF)that uses the proposal density to effectively improve the traditional particle filter.The proposed approach uses historical...This paper presents an improved approach based on the equivalent-weights particle filter(EWPF)that uses the proposal density to effectively improve the traditional particle filter.The proposed approach uses historical data to calculate statistical observations instead of the future observations used in the EWPF’s proposal density and draws on the localization scheme used in the localized PF(LPF)to construct the localized EWPF.The new approach is called the statistical observation localized EWPF(LEWPF-Sobs);it uses statistical observations that are better adapted to the requirements of real-time assimilation and the localization function is used to calculate weights to reduce the effect of missing observations on the weights.This approach not only retains the advantages of the EWPF,but also improves the assimilation quality when using sparse observations.Numerical experiments performed with the Lorenz 96 model show that the statistical observation EWPF is better than the EWPF and EAKF when the model uses standard distribution observations.Comparisons of the statistical observation localized EWPF and LPF reveal the advantages of the new method,with fewer particles giving better results.In particular,the new improved filter performs better than the traditional algorithms when the observation network contains densely spaced measurements associated with model state nonlinearities.展开更多
The multiple attribute decision making problems are studied, in which the information about attribute weights is partly known and the attribute values take the form of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. The operational law...The multiple attribute decision making problems are studied, in which the information about attribute weights is partly known and the attribute values take the form of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. The operational laws of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are introduced, and the score function and accuracy function are presented to compare the intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. The intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighted averaging （IFOWA） operator which is an extension of the well-known ordered weighted averaging （OWA） operator is investigated to aggregate the intuitionistic fuzzy information. In order to determine the weights of intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighted averaging operator, a linear goal programming procedure is proposed for learning the weights from data. Finally, an example is illustrated to verify the effectiveness and practicability of the developed method.展开更多
The condition of weightes non-dictatorship is extended and a comprehensive evaluae method emboding self-determinate which is combined with competitive view optimization principles is built. The basic process includes ...The condition of weightes non-dictatorship is extended and a comprehensive evaluae method emboding self-determinate which is combined with competitive view optimization principles is built. The basic process includes simulating the model of economic man＇s self-benefit bahaviors, taking the place of experts to evaluate, bringing in the model of minimizing the sum of included angles to integrate the information of multiple objects and put the objects in order finally. The method has the advangtages of less dependendence on the subjective information, plenty of information, fair process and simple caculating. Finally, an application example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Achieving water purity in Poyang Lake has become a major concern in recent years, thus appropriate evaluation of spatial and temporal water quality variations has become essential. Variations in 11 water quality param...Achieving water purity in Poyang Lake has become a major concern in recent years, thus appropriate evaluation of spatial and temporal water quality variations has become essential. Variations in 11 water quality parameters from 15 sampling sites in Poyang Lake were investigated from 2009 to 2012. An integrative fuzzy variable evaluation(IFVE) model based on fuzzy theory and variable weights was developed to measure variations in water quality. Results showed that: 1) only chlorophyll-a concentration and Secchi depth differed significantly among the 15 sampling sites(P < 0.01), whereas the 11 water quality parameters under investigation differed significantly throughout the seasons(P < 0.01). The annual variations of all water quality variables except for temperature, electrical conductivity, suspended solids and total phosphorus were considerable(P < 0.05). 2) The IFVE model was reasonable and flexible in evaluating water quality status and any possible ′bucket effect′. The model fully considered the influences of extremely poor indices on overall water quality. 3) A spatial analysis indicated that anthropogenic activities(particularly industrial sewage and dredging) and lake bed topography might directly affect water quality in Poyang Lake. Meanwhile, hydrological status and sewage discharged into the lake might be responsible for seasonal water quality variations.展开更多
Gengma region, Sanjiang district is known to have some large-scale gold deposits. GIS predictive model for hydrothermal gold potential was carried out in this region using weights of evidence modeling technique. Datas...Gengma region, Sanjiang district is known to have some large-scale gold deposits. GIS predictive model for hydrothermal gold potential was carried out in this region using weights of evidence modeling technique. Datasets used include large-scale hydrothermal gold deposit records, geological, geophysical and remote sensing imagery. Based on the geological and mineral characteristics of areas with known gold occurrences in Sanjiang, several geological features were thought to be indicative of areas with potential for the occurrence of hydrothermal gold deposits. Indicative features were extracted from geoexploration datasets for use as input in the predictive model. The features include host rock lithology, geologic structures, wallrock alteration and associated (volcanic-plutonic) igneous rocks. To determine which of the indicative geological features are important spatial predictors of area with potential for gold deposits, spatial analysis was done through the modeling method. The input maps were buffered and the optimum distance of spatial association for each geological feature was determined by calculating the contrast and studentized contrast. Five feature maps were converted to binary predictor patterns and used as evidential layers for predictive modeling. The binary patterns were integrated in two combinations, each of which consists of four patterns in order to avoid over prediction due to the effect of duplicate features in the two structural evidences. The two produced potential maps define almost similar favorable zones. Areas of intersections between these zones in the two potential maps placed the highest predictive favorable zones in the region.展开更多
Due to the rapid development of electronic countermeasures(ECMs),the corresponding means of electronic counter countermeasures(ECCMs)are urgently needed.In this paper,an act-ive anti-jamming method based on frequency ...Due to the rapid development of electronic countermeasures(ECMs),the corresponding means of electronic counter countermeasures(ECCMs)are urgently needed.In this paper,an act-ive anti-jamming method based on frequency diverse array radar is proposed.By deriving the closed form of the phase center in a uniform line array FDA,we establish a model of the FDA signal based on adaptive weights and derive the effect of active anti-jamming in this regime.The pro-posed active anti-jamming method makes it difficult for jammers to detect or locate our radar.Fur-thermore,the effectiveness of the two frequency increment schemes in terms of anti-jamming is ana-lyzed by comparing the deviation of phase center.Finally,the simulation results verify the effective-ness and superiority of the proposed method.展开更多
Schistosomiasis is a serious public health problem in the middle-lower Yangtze River Basin in China. Study of spatial variation of snail distribution that is related to microgeographic factors can help to choose perti...Schistosomiasis is a serious public health problem in the middle-lower Yangtze River Basin in China. Study of spatial variation of snail distribution that is related to microgeographic factors can help to choose pertinent measures for snail extinguishment and environment rebuilding. This paper studied the theoretical architecture of weights-of-evidence approach. The case study was made for spatial relation between the occurrence of infected snails and geographic factor combinations in Waijiazhou marshland of Poyang Lake region in China. The multievidence data came from the geographical factor combinations by crossing operation of vegetation coverage grade layer, cattle route distance grade layer, and special environment layer (181 combinations in total) in GIS. The calculation of weight contrast index shows that high vegetation coverage, cattle route distance of <45 meters, and special geographic factor "ground depression" had direct spatial relation with the occurrence of infected snails. The verification by crossing operation in GIS indicated 72.45% of the infected snails concentrated on the areas of positive weight contrast index (sequenced in an order of weight contrast index from high to low), demonstrating the high efficiency of the model established in finding infected snails according to the geographic factor combinations that can be explicitly discerned in the study area.展开更多
Neurons with complex-valued weights have stronger capability because of their multi-valued threshold logic. Neurons with such features may be suitable for solution of different kinds of problems including associative ...Neurons with complex-valued weights have stronger capability because of their multi-valued threshold logic. Neurons with such features may be suitable for solution of different kinds of problems including associative memory,image recognition and digital logical mapping. In this paper,robustness or tolerance is introduced and newly defined for this kind of neuron ac-cording to both their mathematical model and the perceptron neuron's definition of robustness. Also,the most robust design for basic digital logics of multiple variables is proposed based on these robust neurons. Our proof procedure shows that,in robust design each weight only takes the value of i or -i,while the value of threshold is with respect to the number of variables. The results demonstrate the validity and simplicity of using robust neurons for realizing arbitrary digital logical functions.展开更多
Rational Bezier surface is a widely used surface fitting tool in CAD. When all the weights of a rational B@zier surface go to infinity in the form of power function, the limit of surface is the regular control surface...Rational Bezier surface is a widely used surface fitting tool in CAD. When all the weights of a rational B@zier surface go to infinity in the form of power function, the limit of surface is the regular control surface induced by some lifting function, which is called toric degenerations of rational Bezier surfaces. In this paper, we study on the degenerations of the rational Bezier surface with weights in the exponential function and indicate the difference of our result and the work of Garcia-Puente et al. Through the transformation of weights in the form of exponential function and power function, the regular control surface of rational Bezier surface with weights in the exponential function is defined, which is just the limit of the surface. Compared with the power function, the exponential function approaches infinity faster, which leads to surface with the weights in the form of exponential function degenerates faster.展开更多
It is shown in this paper that if the hidden layer units take a sinusoidalactivation function,the optimum weights of the three-layer feedforward neural networkcan be explicitly solved by relating the layered neural ne...It is shown in this paper that if the hidden layer units take a sinusoidalactivation function,the optimum weights of the three-layer feedforward neural networkcan be explicitly solved by relating the layered neural network with a truncated Fourier se-ries expansion.Based on this result,two approaches are presented of which one is suited tothe case that the detailed statistical information is available or can be easily estimated.An-other is of data-adaptive type,which can be treated as a solution of standardleast-squares.The later is best suited to realtime processing and slowly time-varying ap-plications since it can be straightforwardly implemented by the traditional LMS or RLSadaptive algorithms.It is also shown that for both the approaches,the resulting networksown an ability of forming arbitrary mappings.By using the present approaches,theconventional training procedure,which is usually very time-consuming,can be avoided.展开更多
Weights of evidence （WofE） is an artificial intelligent method for integration of information from diverse sources for predictive purpose in supporting decision making. This method has been commonly used to predict ...Weights of evidence （WofE） is an artificial intelligent method for integration of information from diverse sources for predictive purpose in supporting decision making. This method has been commonly used to predict point events by integrating point training layer and binary or ternary evidential layers （multiclass evidence less commonly used）. Omnibus weights of evidence integrates fuzzy training layer and diverse evidential layers. This method provides new features in comparison with the ordinary Wore method. This new method has been implemented in a geographic information system-geophysical data analysis system and the method includes the following contents： （1） dual fuzzy weights of evidence （DFWofE）, in which training layer and evidential layers can be treated as fuzzy sets. DFWofE can be used to predict not only point events but also area or line events. In this model a fuzzy training layer can be defined based on point, line, and areas using fuzzy membership function; and （2） degree-of-exploration model for WorE is implemented through building a degree of exploration map. This method can be used to assess possible spatial correlations between the degree of exploration and potential evidential layers. Importantly, it would also make it possible to estimate undiscovered resources, if the degree of exploration map is combined with other models that predict where such resources are most likely to occur. These methods and relevant systems were vafidated using a case study of mineral potential prediction in Gejiu （个旧） mineral district, Yunnan （ 云南）, China.展开更多
In all-polymer solar cells(APSCs),number-average molecular weights(Mns)of polymer donors and polymer acceptors play an important role in active layer morphology and photovoltaic performance.In this work,based on a ser...In all-polymer solar cells(APSCs),number-average molecular weights(Mns)of polymer donors and polymer acceptors play an important role in active layer morphology and photovoltaic performance.In this work,based on a series of APSCs with power conversion efficiency of approaching 10%,we study the effect of Mns of both polymer donor and polymer acceptor on active layer morphology and photovoltaic performance of APSCs.We select poly[4-(5-(4,8-bis(5-((2-butyloctyl)thio)thiophen-2-yl)-6-methylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-5,6-difluoro-2-(2-hexyldecyl)-7-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-2 H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole](CD1)as the polymer donor and poly[4-(5-(5,10-bis(2-dodecylhexadecyl)-4,4,9,9-tetrafluuoro-7-methyl-4,5,9,10-tetrahydro3 a,5,8,10-tetraaza-4,9-diborapyren-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-7-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole](PBN-14)as the polymer acceptor.The Mns of polymer donor CD1 are 14.0,35.5 and 56.1 kg/mol,respectively,and the Mns of polymer acceptor PBN-14 are 32.7,72.4 and 103.4 kg/mol,respectively.To get the desired biscontinueous fibrous network morphololgy of the polymer donor/polymer acceptor blends,at least one polymer should have high or medium Mn.Moreover,when the Mn of polymer acceptor is high,the active layer morphology and APSC device performance are insensitive to the Mn of polymer donor.The optimal APSC device performance is obtained when the Mn of both the polymer donor and the polymer acceptor are medium.These results provide a comprehensive and deep understanding on the interplay and the effect of Mn of polymer donors and polymer acceptors in highperformance APSCs.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province (No.KJ2021A0479)the Science Research Program of Anhui University of Finance and Economics (No.ACKYC22082)。
文摘We present a gain adaptive tuning method for fiber Raman amplifier(FRA) using two-stage neural networks(NNs) and double weights updates. After training the connection weights of two-stage NNs separately in training phase, the connection weights of the unified NN are updated again in verification phase according to error between the predicted and target gains to eliminate the inherent error of the NNs. The simulation results show that the mean of root mean square error(RMSE) and maximum error of gains are 0.131 d B and 0.281 d B, respectively. It shows that the method can realize adaptive adjustment function of FRA gain with high accuracy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12171075)the Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department of Jilin Province(JJKH20241406KJ)Zhan’s research was supported by the Doctoral Startup Fund of Liaoning University of Technology(XB2024029).
文摘In this paper,it is shown that the harmonic Bergman projection P_(ω)^(h),induced by a radial,induced by a radial weightω,is bounded and onto from L^(∞)(D)to the harmonic Bloch space B_(h)if and only ifω∈D,,which is a class of radial weights satisfying the two-sided doubling conditions.As an application,the bounded and compact positive Toeplitz operators T_(μ,ω)on the endpoint case weighted harmonic Bergman space L_(h,ω)^(1)(D)are characterized.
基金supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2023JJ40309)the Changsha Outstanding Innovative Youth Training Program(kq2306015).
文摘Grain filling is a critical determinant of yield and quality in rice.This study aims to clarify the association between grain photosynthesis and the filling rate of rice varieties with different grain weights,providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing grain-filling processes.Two rice varieties with similar growth duration but different grain weights were selected:a large-grain variety,Lingliangyou 268(L268),and a small-grain variety,Ruiliangyou 1053(R1053).Differences in grain filling,grain photosynthetic rate,and grain chlorophyll content were systematically examined during the filling stage.Results showed significant differences in grain-filling,grain photosynthetic rate,and grain chlorophyll content between large-grain and small-grain rice varieties.The grain photosynthetic rate of L268 was a significantly higher than R1053.L268 also exhibited significantly higher initial grain filling rate,maximum grainfilling rate,and mean grain filling rate compared to R1053.Throughout the grain filling period,L268 showed higher grain chlorophyll content(including chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and total chlorophyll)than R1053.The increase in chlorophyll content,particularly total chlorophyll,enhanced the grain photosynthetic rate during the early and middle stages of grain filling significantly.These findings suggested that rice varieties with higher grain weights exhibited stronger panicle photosynthetic capacity due to their higher chlorophyll content.The enhanced grain photosynthetic rate contributed to improved grain filling and increased grain weight.
文摘The mode of delivery and gestational age for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants are not yet well established and are constant topics of debate. Objective: To analyze the impact of delivery mode on morbidity in preterm infants weighing less than 1500 g. Results: Among 21,957 births, 81 were analyzed;53 were delivered vaginally, and 28 were delivered by cesarean section. The median maternal age, gestational age and body mass index among those delivered vaginally and by cesarean section were 20 years and 22.5 years, 27.6 weeks and 30.1 weeks, and 26.0 kg/m2 and 27.8 kg/m2, respectively. With respect to neonatal blood gas parameters, for those born vaginally and by cesarean section, the median pH was 7.32 and 7.24, the pCO2 was 41.5 mmHg and 51.1 mmHg, and the pO2 was 22.3 mmHg and 16 mmHg. The median fetal weight among those born by cesarean section and vaginally were 1180 g and 955 g, respectively. The median Apgar scores at the first and fifth minutes among those born by cesarean section and vaginally were 5.00 and 8.00 and 4.50 and 7.00, respectively. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the results of vaginal and cesarean delivery for VLBW infants. Thus, further studies on this subject are needed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61139002)~~
文摘Partition-based clustering with weighted feature is developed in the framework of shadowed sets. The objects in the core and boundary regions, generated by shadowed sets-based clustering, have different impact on the prototype of each cluster. By integrating feature weights, a formula for weight calculation is introduced to the clustering algorithm. The selection of weight exponent is crucial for good result and the weights are updated iteratively with each partition of clusters. The convergence of the weighted algorithms is given, and the feasible cluster validity indices of data mining application are utilized. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-life numerical data with different feature weights demonstrate that the weighted algorithm is better than the other unweighted algorithms.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2006BAH02A06)
文摘Based on the quantifier guided method,an ordered weighted averaging(OWA)weights generating method under given orness level with regular increasing monotone(RIM)quantifiers is proposed.Then the RIM quantifier based OWA weights generating method is modified to make the generated weights be monotonic,which can be used to express the decision maker's consistent preference information.Finally,both of these weights generating methods are extended to their generic forms,so that they can generate the OWA weights for any ordinary elements set with any given aggregated value.
文摘Let Hn be the set of real algebraic polynomials of degree n, whose zeros all lie in the interval [-1,1]. The well known Turán type inequalities tell us that forf（x）∈Hn, it holds ‖f＇‖≥C√n‖f‖. This note deals with the weighted Turán type inequalities with the weights having inner singularities under L^p norm for 0〈p≤∞. Our results essentially extend the result of Wang and Zhou （2002）, and the method used in this paper is simpler and more direct than that of Wang and Zhou （2002）. The results and methods have their own values in approximation theory and computation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41161020)the Introduction of Talent Project of Ningxia University(No.BQD2012013)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia University(No.ZR1209)
文摘The objective of the research is to evaluate spatial groundwater quality based on improved fuzzy comprehensive assessment model with entropy weights(FCAEW)in geographical information system(GIS)environment.This paper explores the method of comprehensive evaluation of groundwater and sets up an evaluation model applying GIS and FCAEW.Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed from 29 wells in Zhenping County,China.Six parameters were chosen including chloride,sulfate,total hardness,nitrate,fluoride and color.Better spatial interpolation methods for evaluated parameters are found out and selected according to the minimum cross-validation errors from the interpolation methods.FCAEW model was carried out with the help of GIS which makes the evaluating process simpler and easier and more automatically,effectively,efficiently and intelligently.The result embodies the feasibility and effectiveness of FCAEW in GIS when compared with other comprehensive evaluation methods.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China under contract Nos 2017YFC1404100,2017YFC1404103 and 2017YFC1404104the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41676088。
文摘This paper presents an improved approach based on the equivalent-weights particle filter(EWPF)that uses the proposal density to effectively improve the traditional particle filter.The proposed approach uses historical data to calculate statistical observations instead of the future observations used in the EWPF’s proposal density and draws on the localization scheme used in the localized PF(LPF)to construct the localized EWPF.The new approach is called the statistical observation localized EWPF(LEWPF-Sobs);it uses statistical observations that are better adapted to the requirements of real-time assimilation and the localization function is used to calculate weights to reduce the effect of missing observations on the weights.This approach not only retains the advantages of the EWPF,but also improves the assimilation quality when using sparse observations.Numerical experiments performed with the Lorenz 96 model show that the statistical observation EWPF is better than the EWPF and EAKF when the model uses standard distribution observations.Comparisons of the statistical observation localized EWPF and LPF reveal the advantages of the new method,with fewer particles giving better results.In particular,the new improved filter performs better than the traditional algorithms when the observation network contains densely spaced measurements associated with model state nonlinearities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70771025)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Hohai University (2009B04514)Humanities and Social Sciences Foundations of Ministry of Education of China(10YJA630067)
文摘The multiple attribute decision making problems are studied, in which the information about attribute weights is partly known and the attribute values take the form of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. The operational laws of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are introduced, and the score function and accuracy function are presented to compare the intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. The intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighted averaging （IFOWA） operator which is an extension of the well-known ordered weighted averaging （OWA） operator is investigated to aggregate the intuitionistic fuzzy information. In order to determine the weights of intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighted averaging operator, a linear goal programming procedure is proposed for learning the weights from data. Finally, an example is illustrated to verify the effectiveness and practicability of the developed method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(70801013)LNSTF for doc-tor(20081020).
文摘The condition of weightes non-dictatorship is extended and a comprehensive evaluae method emboding self-determinate which is combined with competitive view optimization principles is built. The basic process includes simulating the model of economic man＇s self-benefit bahaviors, taking the place of experts to evaluate, bringing in the model of minimizing the sum of included angles to integrate the information of multiple objects and put the objects in order finally. The method has the advangtages of less dependendence on the subjective information, plenty of information, fair process and simple caculating. Finally, an application example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金Under the auspices of National Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB417006)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41271500,41571107,41601041)
文摘Achieving water purity in Poyang Lake has become a major concern in recent years, thus appropriate evaluation of spatial and temporal water quality variations has become essential. Variations in 11 water quality parameters from 15 sampling sites in Poyang Lake were investigated from 2009 to 2012. An integrative fuzzy variable evaluation(IFVE) model based on fuzzy theory and variable weights was developed to measure variations in water quality. Results showed that: 1) only chlorophyll-a concentration and Secchi depth differed significantly among the 15 sampling sites(P < 0.01), whereas the 11 water quality parameters under investigation differed significantly throughout the seasons(P < 0.01). The annual variations of all water quality variables except for temperature, electrical conductivity, suspended solids and total phosphorus were considerable(P < 0.05). 2) The IFVE model was reasonable and flexible in evaluating water quality status and any possible ′bucket effect′. The model fully considered the influences of extremely poor indices on overall water quality. 3) A spatial analysis indicated that anthropogenic activities(particularly industrial sewage and dredging) and lake bed topography might directly affect water quality in Poyang Lake. Meanwhile, hydrological status and sewage discharged into the lake might be responsible for seasonal water quality variations.
文摘Gengma region, Sanjiang district is known to have some large-scale gold deposits. GIS predictive model for hydrothermal gold potential was carried out in this region using weights of evidence modeling technique. Datasets used include large-scale hydrothermal gold deposit records, geological, geophysical and remote sensing imagery. Based on the geological and mineral characteristics of areas with known gold occurrences in Sanjiang, several geological features were thought to be indicative of areas with potential for the occurrence of hydrothermal gold deposits. Indicative features were extracted from geoexploration datasets for use as input in the predictive model. The features include host rock lithology, geologic structures, wallrock alteration and associated (volcanic-plutonic) igneous rocks. To determine which of the indicative geological features are important spatial predictors of area with potential for gold deposits, spatial analysis was done through the modeling method. The input maps were buffered and the optimum distance of spatial association for each geological feature was determined by calculating the contrast and studentized contrast. Five feature maps were converted to binary predictor patterns and used as evidential layers for predictive modeling. The binary patterns were integrated in two combinations, each of which consists of four patterns in order to avoid over prediction due to the effect of duplicate features in the two structural evidences. The two produced potential maps define almost similar favorable zones. Areas of intersections between these zones in the two potential maps placed the highest predictive favorable zones in the region.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61971438)the Natural Science Founda-tion of Shaanxi Province(No.2019JM-155).
文摘Due to the rapid development of electronic countermeasures(ECMs),the corresponding means of electronic counter countermeasures(ECCMs)are urgently needed.In this paper,an act-ive anti-jamming method based on frequency diverse array radar is proposed.By deriving the closed form of the phase center in a uniform line array FDA,we establish a model of the FDA signal based on adaptive weights and derive the effect of active anti-jamming in this regime.The pro-posed active anti-jamming method makes it difficult for jammers to detect or locate our radar.Fur-thermore,the effectiveness of the two frequency increment schemes in terms of anti-jamming is ana-lyzed by comparing the deviation of phase center.Finally,the simulation results verify the effective-ness and superiority of the proposed method.
基金Supported by a the National Natural Science Fundation of China (No. 30590370)the Research Project "Spatial Simulation of Schistosomiasis Susceptible Areas in the Poyang Lake Region" Sponsored by Science Research Plan 2007 of Jiangxi Normal University (Natural Science Category)
文摘Schistosomiasis is a serious public health problem in the middle-lower Yangtze River Basin in China. Study of spatial variation of snail distribution that is related to microgeographic factors can help to choose pertinent measures for snail extinguishment and environment rebuilding. This paper studied the theoretical architecture of weights-of-evidence approach. The case study was made for spatial relation between the occurrence of infected snails and geographic factor combinations in Waijiazhou marshland of Poyang Lake region in China. The multievidence data came from the geographical factor combinations by crossing operation of vegetation coverage grade layer, cattle route distance grade layer, and special environment layer (181 combinations in total) in GIS. The calculation of weight contrast index shows that high vegetation coverage, cattle route distance of <45 meters, and special geographic factor "ground depression" had direct spatial relation with the occurrence of infected snails. The verification by crossing operation in GIS indicated 72.45% of the infected snails concentrated on the areas of positive weight contrast index (sequenced in an order of weight contrast index from high to low), demonstrating the high efficiency of the model established in finding infected snails according to the geographic factor combinations that can be explicitly discerned in the study area.
文摘Neurons with complex-valued weights have stronger capability because of their multi-valued threshold logic. Neurons with such features may be suitable for solution of different kinds of problems including associative memory,image recognition and digital logical mapping. In this paper,robustness or tolerance is introduced and newly defined for this kind of neuron ac-cording to both their mathematical model and the perceptron neuron's definition of robustness. Also,the most robust design for basic digital logics of multiple variables is proposed based on these robust neurons. Our proof procedure shows that,in robust design each weight only takes the value of i or -i,while the value of threshold is with respect to the number of variables. The results demonstrate the validity and simplicity of using robust neurons for realizing arbitrary digital logical functions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11671068,11271060,11601064,11290143)Fundamental Research of Civil Aircraft(MJ-F-2012-04)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT16LK38)
文摘Rational Bezier surface is a widely used surface fitting tool in CAD. When all the weights of a rational B@zier surface go to infinity in the form of power function, the limit of surface is the regular control surface induced by some lifting function, which is called toric degenerations of rational Bezier surfaces. In this paper, we study on the degenerations of the rational Bezier surface with weights in the exponential function and indicate the difference of our result and the work of Garcia-Puente et al. Through the transformation of weights in the form of exponential function and power function, the regular control surface of rational Bezier surface with weights in the exponential function is defined, which is just the limit of the surface. Compared with the power function, the exponential function approaches infinity faster, which leads to surface with the weights in the form of exponential function degenerates faster.
基金This work was supported by grant 69102007 from the NSF of China the Ph.D Research Foundation of State Educational Commission of China.
文摘It is shown in this paper that if the hidden layer units take a sinusoidalactivation function,the optimum weights of the three-layer feedforward neural networkcan be explicitly solved by relating the layered neural network with a truncated Fourier se-ries expansion.Based on this result,two approaches are presented of which one is suited tothe case that the detailed statistical information is available or can be easily estimated.An-other is of data-adaptive type,which can be treated as a solution of standardleast-squares.The later is best suited to realtime processing and slowly time-varying ap-plications since it can be straightforwardly implemented by the traditional LMS or RLSadaptive algorithms.It is also shown that for both the approaches,the resulting networksown an ability of forming arbitrary mappings.By using the present approaches,theconventional training procedure,which is usually very time-consuming,can be avoided.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40638041)National Key Technology R&D Program (No. 2006BAB01A01)+2 种基金Project of China Geological Survey (No. 1212010633910)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2006AA06Z115, 2006AA06Z113)State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources (No. GPMR2007-12)
文摘Weights of evidence （WofE） is an artificial intelligent method for integration of information from diverse sources for predictive purpose in supporting decision making. This method has been commonly used to predict point events by integrating point training layer and binary or ternary evidential layers （multiclass evidence less commonly used）. Omnibus weights of evidence integrates fuzzy training layer and diverse evidential layers. This method provides new features in comparison with the ordinary Wore method. This new method has been implemented in a geographic information system-geophysical data analysis system and the method includes the following contents： （1） dual fuzzy weights of evidence （DFWofE）, in which training layer and evidential layers can be treated as fuzzy sets. DFWofE can be used to predict not only point events but also area or line events. In this model a fuzzy training layer can be defined based on point, line, and areas using fuzzy membership function; and （2） degree-of-exploration model for WorE is implemented through building a degree of exploration map. This method can be used to assess possible spatial correlations between the degree of exploration and potential evidential layers. Importantly, it would also make it possible to estimate undiscovered resources, if the degree of exploration map is combined with other models that predict where such resources are most likely to occur. These methods and relevant systems were vafidated using a case study of mineral potential prediction in Gejiu （个旧） mineral district, Yunnan （ 云南）, China.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2018YFE0100600 and 2019YFA0705902)funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21625403 and 21875244)。
文摘In all-polymer solar cells(APSCs),number-average molecular weights(Mns)of polymer donors and polymer acceptors play an important role in active layer morphology and photovoltaic performance.In this work,based on a series of APSCs with power conversion efficiency of approaching 10%,we study the effect of Mns of both polymer donor and polymer acceptor on active layer morphology and photovoltaic performance of APSCs.We select poly[4-(5-(4,8-bis(5-((2-butyloctyl)thio)thiophen-2-yl)-6-methylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-5,6-difluoro-2-(2-hexyldecyl)-7-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-2 H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole](CD1)as the polymer donor and poly[4-(5-(5,10-bis(2-dodecylhexadecyl)-4,4,9,9-tetrafluuoro-7-methyl-4,5,9,10-tetrahydro3 a,5,8,10-tetraaza-4,9-diborapyren-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-7-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole](PBN-14)as the polymer acceptor.The Mns of polymer donor CD1 are 14.0,35.5 and 56.1 kg/mol,respectively,and the Mns of polymer acceptor PBN-14 are 32.7,72.4 and 103.4 kg/mol,respectively.To get the desired biscontinueous fibrous network morphololgy of the polymer donor/polymer acceptor blends,at least one polymer should have high or medium Mn.Moreover,when the Mn of polymer acceptor is high,the active layer morphology and APSC device performance are insensitive to the Mn of polymer donor.The optimal APSC device performance is obtained when the Mn of both the polymer donor and the polymer acceptor are medium.These results provide a comprehensive and deep understanding on the interplay and the effect of Mn of polymer donors and polymer acceptors in highperformance APSCs.
