In this paper,we study composition operators on weighted Bergman spaces of Dirichlet series.We first establish some Littlewood-type inequalities for generalized mean counting functions.Then we give sufficient conditio...In this paper,we study composition operators on weighted Bergman spaces of Dirichlet series.We first establish some Littlewood-type inequalities for generalized mean counting functions.Then we give sufficient conditions for a composition operator with zero characteristic to be bounded or compact on weighted Bergman spaces of Dirichlet series.The corresponding sufficient condition for compactness in the case of positive characteristics is also obtained.展开更多
In the 3D inversion modeling of gravity and magnetic potential field data,the model weighting function is often applied to overcome the skin eff ect of inversion results.However,divergence occurs at the the deep area,...In the 3D inversion modeling of gravity and magnetic potential field data,the model weighting function is often applied to overcome the skin eff ect of inversion results.However,divergence occurs at the the deep area,and artificial weak negative anomalies form around the positive anomalies in the horizontal direction,resulting in a reduction in the overall resolution.To fully utilize the model weighting function,this study constructs a combined model weighting function.First,a new depth weighting function is constructed by adding a regulator into the conventional depth weighting function to overcome the skin eff ect and inhibit the divergence at the deep area of the inversion results.A horizontal weighting function is then constructed by extracting information from the observation data;this function can suppress the formation of artificial weak anomalies and improve the horizontal resolution of the inversion results.Finally,these two functions are coupled to obtain the combined model weighting function,which can replace the conventional depth weighting function in 3D inversion.It improves the vertical and horizontal resolution of the inversion results without increasing the algorithm complexity and calculation amount,is easy to operate,and adapts to any 3D inversion method.Two model experiments are designed to verify the effectiveness,practicability,and anti-noise of the combined model weighting function.Then the function is applied to the 3D inversion of the measured aeromagnetic data in the Jinchuan area in China.The obtained inversion results are in good agreement with the known geological data.展开更多
BACKGROUND The global incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)has increased in recent years.It has already been demonstrated that exercise and weight change are associated with the ...BACKGROUND The global incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)has increased in recent years.It has already been demonstrated that exercise and weight change are associated with the occurrence of MASLD;however,the association between weight fluctuation caused by different exercise intensities and the risk of MASLD remains to be studied.AIM To investigate the impact of weight fluctuation and physical activity intensity on the risk of MASLD prevalence.METHODS Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database including five cycles from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed.The model included variables such as age,sex,and poverty income ratio.Weighted multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the influence of different weight fluctuation patterns within the two time intervals on the prevalence of MASLD.Nonparametric restricted cubic spline curves were used to analyze the non-linear relationship between net weight change and MASLD prevalence.RESULTS Among 3183 MASLD cases,the risk of MASLD increased with age for individuals transitioning from non-obese to obese or maintaining obesity,with odds ratio(OR)changing from 8.91(95%CI:7.40-10.88)and 11.87(95%CI:9.65-14.60)at 10 years before baseline to 9.58(95%CI:8.08-11.37)and 12.51(95%CI:9.33-16.78)at 25 years.Stable obesity correlated with age-dependent MASLD prevalence escalation,whereas increased physical activity attenuated MASLD risk in this group,with an OR changing from 13.64(95%CI:10.59-17.57)to 6.42(95%CI:4.24-9.72).Further analysis of the net weight changes revealed a paradoxical risk elevation with intensified physical activity during different time periods.CONCLUSION The risk of MASLD increases in individuals transitioning from non-obese to obese or maintaining obesity.Highintensity physical activity is beneficial for MASLD among individuals with stable obesity.展开更多
A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synth...A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synthetic metabolic engineering offers a method to modify and redesign metabolic pathways to increase the nutritional value of crops.We summarize recent advances in the biofortification of key nutrients including provitamin A,vitamin C,vitamin B9,iron,zinc,anthocyanins,flavonoids,and unsaturated fatty acids.We discuss the potential of multi-gene stacking,gene editing,enzyme engineering,and artificial intelligence in synthetic metabolic engineering.We propose future research directions and potential solutions centered on leveraging AI-driven systems biology,precision gene editing,enzyme engineering,agrobacterium-mediated genotype-independent transformation,and modular metabolic engineering strategies to develop next-generation nutritionally enhanced super crops and transform global food systems.展开更多
This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared ...This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,high-performance anion-exchange chromatography,and differential scanning calorimetry.Significant differences were observed in their morphological,physicochemical,and functional properties.PMS had a smaller particle size(13.68 μm),irregular polygonal shape,A-type,lower water absorption(62.67 %),and higher oil absorption(51.17 %).In contrast,SGS exhibited larger particles(31.75 μm),a nearly spherical shape,B-type,higher crystallinity(50.66 %),and greater amylose content(21.54 %),with superior thermal stability,shear resistance,and gelatinization enthalpy.SGS also contained higher resistant starch(83.28 %) and longer average chain length(20.58 %),but showed lower solubility,swelling power,light transmittance,and freeze-thaw stability.The physicochemical properties differences in crystal pattern and particle morphology between PMS and SGS lead to distinct behaviors during in vitro digestion and fermentation.These findings highlight the potential of medicinal plant starches in functional ingredients and industrial processes.展开更多
Many researchers have focused on the behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete(FRC)in the construction of various defensive structures to resist against impact forces resulting from explosions and projectiles.However,the ...Many researchers have focused on the behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete(FRC)in the construction of various defensive structures to resist against impact forces resulting from explosions and projectiles.However,the lack of sufficient research regarding the resistance of functionally graded fiber-reinforced concrete against projectile impacts has resulted in a limited understanding of the performance of this concrete type,which is necessary for the design and construction of structures requiring great resistance against external threats.Here,the performance of functionally graded fiber-reinforced concrete against projectile impacts was investigated experimentally using a(two-stage light)gas gun and a drop weight testing machine.For this objective,12 mix designs,with which 35 cylindrical specimens and 30 slab specimens were made,were prepared,and the main variables were the magnetite aggregate vol%(55%)replacing natural coarse aggregate,steel fiber vol%,and steel fiber type(3D and 5D).The fibers were added at six vol%of 0%,0.5%,0.75%,1%,1.25%,and 1.5%in 10 specimen series(three identical specimens per each series)with dimensions of 40×40×7.5 cm and functional grading(three layers),and the manufactured specimens were subjected to the drop weight impact and projectile penetration tests by the drop weight testing machine and gas gun,respectively,to assess their performance.Parameters under study included the compressive strength,destruction level,and penetration depth.The experimental results demonstrate that using the magnetite aggregate instead of the natural coarse aggregate elevated the compressive strength of the concrete by 61%.In the tests by the drop weight machine,it was observed that by increasing the total vol%of the fibers,especially by increasing the fiber content in the outer layers(impact surface),the cracking resistance and energy absorption increased by around 100%.Note that the fiber geometry had little effect on the energy absorption in the drop weight test.Investigating the optimum specimens showed that using 3D steel fibers at a total fiber content of 1 vol%,consisting of a layered grading of 1.5 vol%,0 vol%,and 1.5 vol%,improved the penetration depth by 76%and lowered the destruction level by 85%.In addition,incorporating the 5D steel fibers at a total fiber content of 1 vol%,consisting of the layered fiber contents of 1.5%,0%,and 1.5%,improved the projectile penetration depth by 50%and lowered the damage level by 61%compared with the case of using the 3D fibers.展开更多
Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the m...Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the main contributions is proving this property using linear algebra instead of profound knowledge.This makes it easy to read and understand this fundamental fact.The proof of linear independence of a set of Gauss functions relies on the constructing method for one-dimensional space and on the deducing method for higher dimensions.Additionally,under the condition of preserving the same moments between the original function and interpolating function,both the interpolating existence and uniqueness are proven for GRBF in one-dimensional space.The final work demonstrates the application of the GRBF method to locate lunar olivine.By combining preprocessed data using GRBF with the removing envelope curve method,a program is created to find the position of lunar olivine based on spectrum data,and the numerical experiment shows that it is an effective scheme.展开更多
In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with l...In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with low molecular weight and amorphous state.X-ray diffraction results revealed that the natural starch crystalline region was largely disrupted by ionic liquid owing to the broken intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.After hydrolysis,the morphology of starch changed from particles of native corn starch into little pieces,and their molecular weight could be effectively regulated during the hydrolysis process,and also the hydrolyzed starch samples exhibited decreased thermal stability with the extension of hydrolysis time.This work would counsel as a powerful tool for the development of native starch in realistic applications.展开更多
In this paper,we present a necessary and sufficient condition for hyponormal block Toeplitz operators T on the vector-valued weighted Bergman space with symbolsΦ(z)=G^(*)(z)+F(z),where F(z)=∑^(N)_(i)=1 A_(i)z^(i)and...In this paper,we present a necessary and sufficient condition for hyponormal block Toeplitz operators T on the vector-valued weighted Bergman space with symbolsΦ(z)=G^(*)(z)+F(z),where F(z)=∑^(N)_(i)=1 A_(i)z^(i)and G(z)=∑^(N)_(i)=1 A_(−i)z^(i),A_(i)ae culants.展开更多
Saikosaponins are the major pharmacologically active components in Bupleurum genus and exhibit significant application potential in multiple fields such as immune regulation and anti-tumor activity.To elucidate the bi...Saikosaponins are the major pharmacologically active components in Bupleurum genus and exhibit significant application potential in multiple fields such as immune regulation and anti-tumor activity.To elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of saikosaponins,we identified two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases,CYP716A41 and CYP716Y4,in Bupleurum chinense.These enzymes catalyze the C-28 oxidation and C-16 hydroxylation of oleanane-type triterpene skeletons,respectively.The catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 from a southern B.chinense variety was significantly higher than that from a northern variety.Molecular docking and mutagenesis experiments revealed that amino acid residues at sites 9 and 35 may contribute to this difference in catalytic efficiency.Additionally,under cold stress,the expression levels of both CYP450 genes and the saikosaponin contents in the leaves of southern varieties were significantly higher compared to those in northern varieties.The variation in the catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 and the differential expression of the two CYP450 genes under cold stress during winter are associated with the differences in saikosaponin biosynthesis in the leaves of southern and northern B.chinense varieties.This is consistent with the distinct medicinal usage practices observed between southern and northern China.展开更多
Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in s...Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.展开更多
Modern battlefields exhibit high dynamism,where traditional static weighting methods in combat effectiveness assessment fail to capture real-time changes in indicator values,leading to limited assessment accuracy—esp...Modern battlefields exhibit high dynamism,where traditional static weighting methods in combat effectiveness assessment fail to capture real-time changes in indicator values,leading to limited assessment accuracy—especially critical in scenarios like sudden electronic warfare or degraded command,where static weights cannot reflect the operational value decay or surge of key indicators.To address this issue,this study proposes a dynamic adaptive weightingmethod for evaluation indicators based onG1-CRITIC-PIVW.First,theG1(Sequential Relationship Analysis Method)subjective weighting method—translates expert knowledge into indicator importance rankings—leverages expert knowledge to quantify the relative importance of indicators via sequential relationship ranking,while the CRITIC(Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation)objective weighting method—derives weights from data characteristics by integrating variability and inter-correlations—calculates weights by integrating indicator variability and inter-indicator correlations,ensuring data-driven objectivity.These two sets of weights are then fused using a deviation coefficient optimization model,minimizing the squared deviation from a reference weight and adjusting the fusion coefficient via Spearman’s rank correlation to resolve potential conflicts between subjective and objective judgments.Subsequently,the PIVW(Punishment-Incentive VariableWeight)theory—adapts weights to realtime indicator performance via penalty/incentive rules—is applied for dynamic adjustment.Scenario-specific penalty λ_(1) and incentive λ_(2) thresholds are set based on operational priorities and indicator volatility,penalizing indicators with values below λ_(1) and incentivizing those exceeding λ_(2) to reflect real-time indicator performance.Experimental validation was conducted using an Air Defense and Anti-Missile(ADAM)system effectiveness assessment framework,with data covering 7 indicators across 3 combat scenarios.Results show that compared to static weighting methods,the proposed method reduces MAE(Mean Absolute Error)by 15%-20% and weighted decision error rate by 84.2%,effectively reducing overestimation/underestimation of combat effectiveness in dynamic scenarios;compared to Entropy-TOPSIS,it lowers MAE by 12% while achieving a weighted Kendall’sτconsistency coefficient of 0.85,ensuring higher alignment with expert judgment.This method enhances the accuracy and scenario adaptability of effectiveness assessment,providing reliable decision support for dynamic battlefield environments.展开更多
In recent years,researchers have extensively investigated the Hankel determinant,which consists of coefficients appearing in a holomorphic function’s Taylor-Maclaurin series.Hankel matrices are widely used in Markov ...In recent years,researchers have extensively investigated the Hankel determinant,which consists of coefficients appearing in a holomorphic function’s Taylor-Maclaurin series.Hankel matrices are widely used in Markov processes,non-stationary signals,and other mathematical disciplines.The aim of the current research article is to first improve the bounds of coefficient-related problems by employing the well-known Carathéodory function.The problems that we are going to improve were obtained by Tang et al.The sharp estimates of the most difficult problem of geometric function theory known as the third-order Hankel determinant are also contributed here.Zalcman and Fekete-Szegöinequalities are also studied here for the defined family of holomorphic functions.展开更多
This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fati...This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer,with the load increasing gradually each minute.fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state,both before and after fatigue induction.A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups,with the significance level set at 0.05.Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels.Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity,there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex,between the motor cortex and frontal regions,and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions.Conversely,no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue.Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex,induced by exercise fatigue,are linked to exercise-and/or performance-related outcomes.展开更多
With the increasing complexity of vehicular networks and the proliferation of connected vehicles,Federated Learning(FL)has emerged as a critical framework for decentralized model training while preserving data privacy...With the increasing complexity of vehicular networks and the proliferation of connected vehicles,Federated Learning(FL)has emerged as a critical framework for decentralized model training while preserving data privacy.However,efficient client selection and adaptive weight allocation in heterogeneous and non-IID environments remain challenging.To address these issues,we propose Federated Learning with Client Selection and Adaptive Weighting(FedCW),a novel algorithm that leverages adaptive client selection and dynamic weight allocation for optimizing model convergence in real-time vehicular networks.FedCW selects clients based on their Euclidean distance from the global model and dynamically adjusts aggregation weights to optimize both data diversity and model convergence.Experimental results show that FedCW significantly outperforms existing FL algorithms such as FedAvg,FedProx,and SCAFFOLD,particularly in non-IID settings,achieving faster convergence,higher accuracy,and reduced communication overhead.These findings demonstrate that FedCW provides an effective solution for enhancing the performance of FL in heterogeneous,edge-based computing environments.展开更多
Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to s...Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to symptom heterogeneity and the absence of reliable biomarkers.Artificial intelligence(AI)enables the integration of multimodal data to enhance FGID management through precision diagnostics and preventive healthcare.This minireview summarizes recent advancements in AI applications for FGIDs,highlighting progress in diagnostic accuracy,subtype classification,personalized interventions,and preventive strategies inspired by the traditional Chinese medicine concept of“treating the undiseased”.Machine learning and deep learning algorithms have demonstrated value in improving IBS diagnosis,refining FD neuro-gastrointestinal subtyping,and screening for GERD-related complications.Moreover,AI supports dietary,psychological,and integrative medicine-based interventions to improve patient adherence and quality of life.Nonetheless,key challenges remain,including data heterogeneity,limited model interpretability,and the need for robust clinical validation.Future directions emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration,the development of multimodal and explainable AI models,and the creation of patientcentered platforms to facilitate a shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention.This review provides a systematic framework to guide the clinical application and theoretical innovation of AI in FGIDs.展开更多
This paper is dedicated to fixed-time passivity and synchronization for multi-weighted spatiotemporal directed networks.First,to achieve fixed-time passivity,a type of decentralized power-law controller is developed,i...This paper is dedicated to fixed-time passivity and synchronization for multi-weighted spatiotemporal directed networks.First,to achieve fixed-time passivity,a type of decentralized power-law controller is developed,in which only one parameter needs to be adjusted in the power-law terms;this greatly decreases the inconvenience of parameter adjustment.Second,several fixed-time passivity criteria with LMI forms are derived by using a Gauss divergence theorem to deal with the spatial diffusion of nodes and by applying the Hölder’s inequality to dispose rigorously the power-law term greater than one in the designed control scheme;this improves the previous theoretical analysis.Additionally,the fixed-time synchronization of spatiotemporal directed networks with multi-weights is addressed as a direct result of fixed-time strict passivity.Finally,a numerical example is presented in order to show the validity of the theoretical analysis.展开更多
Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural pro...Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural products,thereby endangering human health.Extensive studies on Aspergillus fungi have been conducted on growth and development,aflatoxin biosynthesis,and their interactions with environment.Here,we summarized a series of functional genes of the main Aspergillus fungi relative to toxins occurrence in foods,which revealed the signal transduction mechanisms of their involvement in growth and development,toxin production,and response to light,anticipating providing theoretical guidance on developing control and prevention technologies for mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products to ensure food safety.展开更多
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),a disease responsible for early mortality worldwide,is well accepted to be associated with periodontitis epidemiologically.Although both of the diseases are the multi-microb...Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),a disease responsible for early mortality worldwide,is well accepted to be associated with periodontitis epidemiologically.Although both of the diseases are the multi-microbial inflammatory disease,the precise underlying mechanisms by which periodontitis influences the progression of COPD remains largely unknown.Here,we established COPD accompanied with periodontitis mouse models and observed the pronounced progress in pulmonary symptoms and histopathology,cha racterized by poorer respiratory function,thicke ned bronchial walls,and increased neutrophils infiltration in lung tissue.Mechanistically,periodontitis pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis)relocated in the lung through the respiratory tract and LPS from P.gingivalis promoted the secretion of chemokines CXCL2 and G-CSF of alveolar epithelial cells through NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways to recruit neutrophils.Furthermore,exposure to P.gingivalis of infiltrated neutrophils released matrix metallopeptidase-8(MMP-8)and neutrophil elastase(NE),which aggravated airway inflammation and tissue damage.These findings indicated that periodontitis could exacerbate COPD via its pathogen P.gingivalis,which translocated in the lung and stimulated neutrophil chemotaxis and activation in the lung.展开更多
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)is a key material for marine applications owing to its outstanding self-lubrication and corrosion resistance.However,its long-term performance is compromised by plastic ...Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)is a key material for marine applications owing to its outstanding self-lubrication and corrosion resistance.However,its long-term performance is compromised by plastic deformation in seawater.In this study,we performed a comparative analysis of the UHMWPE dynamics under seawater and water conditions to investigate the plastic deformation of UHMWPE induced by seawater.The results show that the plastic deformation of UHMWPE is amplified in seawater relative to the water conditions.Under thin fluid conditions,frictional interfaces exhibit a higher interfacial friction force and interaction energy in seawater than in water.Compared to freely diffused water molecules,hydrated ions occupy larger interchain spaces within polyethylene.Furthermore,the diffusion of hydrated ions weakens the interchain interactions,promoting more severe polyethylene chain rearrangement and accelerating seawater-induced plastic deformation in UHMWPE during friction.Furthermore,the diffused seawater accelerated the disentangling of the polyethylene chains and enhanced the orderly orientation distribution of polyethylene.Compared to free water molecules,the water molecules of hydrated ions exhibit enhanced attraction to free-flowing water molecules,thereby accelerating seawater flow across submerged UHMWPE surfaces.This flow enhancement promotes surface polyethylene chain mobility in seawater.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12171373)Chen's work also supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(GK202207018).
文摘In this paper,we study composition operators on weighted Bergman spaces of Dirichlet series.We first establish some Littlewood-type inequalities for generalized mean counting functions.Then we give sufficient conditions for a composition operator with zero characteristic to be bounded or compact on weighted Bergman spaces of Dirichlet series.The corresponding sufficient condition for compactness in the case of positive characteristics is also obtained.
基金jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2244220,No.42004125)the China Geological Survey Projects(No.DD20240119,No.DD20243245,No.DD20230114,No.DD20243244)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M670601)。
文摘In the 3D inversion modeling of gravity and magnetic potential field data,the model weighting function is often applied to overcome the skin eff ect of inversion results.However,divergence occurs at the the deep area,and artificial weak negative anomalies form around the positive anomalies in the horizontal direction,resulting in a reduction in the overall resolution.To fully utilize the model weighting function,this study constructs a combined model weighting function.First,a new depth weighting function is constructed by adding a regulator into the conventional depth weighting function to overcome the skin eff ect and inhibit the divergence at the deep area of the inversion results.A horizontal weighting function is then constructed by extracting information from the observation data;this function can suppress the formation of artificial weak anomalies and improve the horizontal resolution of the inversion results.Finally,these two functions are coupled to obtain the combined model weighting function,which can replace the conventional depth weighting function in 3D inversion.It improves the vertical and horizontal resolution of the inversion results without increasing the algorithm complexity and calculation amount,is easy to operate,and adapts to any 3D inversion method.Two model experiments are designed to verify the effectiveness,practicability,and anti-noise of the combined model weighting function.Then the function is applied to the 3D inversion of the measured aeromagnetic data in the Jinchuan area in China.The obtained inversion results are in good agreement with the known geological data.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82474378Shanghai Natural Science Foundation,No.22ZR1455900+4 种基金Shanghai Municipal Health Planning Commission Clinical Research Specialized Face Project,No.201940449Key Project of Science and Technology Innovation Program of Shanghai Putuo District Health and Health System,No.ptkwws202201Reserve Excellent Chinese Medicine Talent Program of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.20D-RC-02Apricot Grove,Shanghai Putuo District Excellent Young Talent Training Program,No.ptxlyq2201Shanghai Putuo District Health and Health System Characteristic Specialty Disease Construction Project,No.2023tszb01.
文摘BACKGROUND The global incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)has increased in recent years.It has already been demonstrated that exercise and weight change are associated with the occurrence of MASLD;however,the association between weight fluctuation caused by different exercise intensities and the risk of MASLD remains to be studied.AIM To investigate the impact of weight fluctuation and physical activity intensity on the risk of MASLD prevalence.METHODS Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database including five cycles from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed.The model included variables such as age,sex,and poverty income ratio.Weighted multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the influence of different weight fluctuation patterns within the two time intervals on the prevalence of MASLD.Nonparametric restricted cubic spline curves were used to analyze the non-linear relationship between net weight change and MASLD prevalence.RESULTS Among 3183 MASLD cases,the risk of MASLD increased with age for individuals transitioning from non-obese to obese or maintaining obesity,with odds ratio(OR)changing from 8.91(95%CI:7.40-10.88)and 11.87(95%CI:9.65-14.60)at 10 years before baseline to 9.58(95%CI:8.08-11.37)and 12.51(95%CI:9.33-16.78)at 25 years.Stable obesity correlated with age-dependent MASLD prevalence escalation,whereas increased physical activity attenuated MASLD risk in this group,with an OR changing from 13.64(95%CI:10.59-17.57)to 6.42(95%CI:4.24-9.72).Further analysis of the net weight changes revealed a paradoxical risk elevation with intensified physical activity during different time periods.CONCLUSION The risk of MASLD increases in individuals transitioning from non-obese to obese or maintaining obesity.Highintensity physical activity is beneficial for MASLD among individuals with stable obesity.
基金supported by grants from the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project(GKAA24206023)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD04077)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272120)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1000800)the Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Precise Breeding of Future Crops Major Project(FCBRCE-202502,FCBRCE-202504).
文摘A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synthetic metabolic engineering offers a method to modify and redesign metabolic pathways to increase the nutritional value of crops.We summarize recent advances in the biofortification of key nutrients including provitamin A,vitamin C,vitamin B9,iron,zinc,anthocyanins,flavonoids,and unsaturated fatty acids.We discuss the potential of multi-gene stacking,gene editing,enzyme engineering,and artificial intelligence in synthetic metabolic engineering.We propose future research directions and potential solutions centered on leveraging AI-driven systems biology,precision gene editing,enzyme engineering,agrobacterium-mediated genotype-independent transformation,and modular metabolic engineering strategies to develop next-generation nutritionally enhanced super crops and transform global food systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82174074)。
文摘This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,high-performance anion-exchange chromatography,and differential scanning calorimetry.Significant differences were observed in their morphological,physicochemical,and functional properties.PMS had a smaller particle size(13.68 μm),irregular polygonal shape,A-type,lower water absorption(62.67 %),and higher oil absorption(51.17 %).In contrast,SGS exhibited larger particles(31.75 μm),a nearly spherical shape,B-type,higher crystallinity(50.66 %),and greater amylose content(21.54 %),with superior thermal stability,shear resistance,and gelatinization enthalpy.SGS also contained higher resistant starch(83.28 %) and longer average chain length(20.58 %),but showed lower solubility,swelling power,light transmittance,and freeze-thaw stability.The physicochemical properties differences in crystal pattern and particle morphology between PMS and SGS lead to distinct behaviors during in vitro digestion and fermentation.These findings highlight the potential of medicinal plant starches in functional ingredients and industrial processes.
文摘Many researchers have focused on the behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete(FRC)in the construction of various defensive structures to resist against impact forces resulting from explosions and projectiles.However,the lack of sufficient research regarding the resistance of functionally graded fiber-reinforced concrete against projectile impacts has resulted in a limited understanding of the performance of this concrete type,which is necessary for the design and construction of structures requiring great resistance against external threats.Here,the performance of functionally graded fiber-reinforced concrete against projectile impacts was investigated experimentally using a(two-stage light)gas gun and a drop weight testing machine.For this objective,12 mix designs,with which 35 cylindrical specimens and 30 slab specimens were made,were prepared,and the main variables were the magnetite aggregate vol%(55%)replacing natural coarse aggregate,steel fiber vol%,and steel fiber type(3D and 5D).The fibers were added at six vol%of 0%,0.5%,0.75%,1%,1.25%,and 1.5%in 10 specimen series(three identical specimens per each series)with dimensions of 40×40×7.5 cm and functional grading(three layers),and the manufactured specimens were subjected to the drop weight impact and projectile penetration tests by the drop weight testing machine and gas gun,respectively,to assess their performance.Parameters under study included the compressive strength,destruction level,and penetration depth.The experimental results demonstrate that using the magnetite aggregate instead of the natural coarse aggregate elevated the compressive strength of the concrete by 61%.In the tests by the drop weight machine,it was observed that by increasing the total vol%of the fibers,especially by increasing the fiber content in the outer layers(impact surface),the cracking resistance and energy absorption increased by around 100%.Note that the fiber geometry had little effect on the energy absorption in the drop weight test.Investigating the optimum specimens showed that using 3D steel fibers at a total fiber content of 1 vol%,consisting of a layered grading of 1.5 vol%,0 vol%,and 1.5 vol%,improved the penetration depth by 76%and lowered the destruction level by 85%.In addition,incorporating the 5D steel fibers at a total fiber content of 1 vol%,consisting of the layered fiber contents of 1.5%,0%,and 1.5%,improved the projectile penetration depth by 50%and lowered the damage level by 61%compared with the case of using the 3D fibers.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB025904)Zhengzhou Shengda University of Economics,Business and Management(SD-YB2025085)。
文摘Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the main contributions is proving this property using linear algebra instead of profound knowledge.This makes it easy to read and understand this fundamental fact.The proof of linear independence of a set of Gauss functions relies on the constructing method for one-dimensional space and on the deducing method for higher dimensions.Additionally,under the condition of preserving the same moments between the original function and interpolating function,both the interpolating existence and uniqueness are proven for GRBF in one-dimensional space.The final work demonstrates the application of the GRBF method to locate lunar olivine.By combining preprocessed data using GRBF with the removing envelope curve method,a program is created to find the position of lunar olivine based on spectrum data,and the numerical experiment shows that it is an effective scheme.
文摘In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with low molecular weight and amorphous state.X-ray diffraction results revealed that the natural starch crystalline region was largely disrupted by ionic liquid owing to the broken intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.After hydrolysis,the morphology of starch changed from particles of native corn starch into little pieces,and their molecular weight could be effectively regulated during the hydrolysis process,and also the hydrolyzed starch samples exhibited decreased thermal stability with the extension of hydrolysis time.This work would counsel as a powerful tool for the development of native starch in realistic applications.
文摘In this paper,we present a necessary and sufficient condition for hyponormal block Toeplitz operators T on the vector-valued weighted Bergman space with symbolsΦ(z)=G^(*)(z)+F(z),where F(z)=∑^(N)_(i)=1 A_(i)z^(i)and G(z)=∑^(N)_(i)=1 A_(−i)z^(i),A_(i)ae culants.
基金supported by CARS(CARS-21),the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-032)the Science and Technology Department of Xizang(XZ202401ZY0020)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2023YFH0044,2023YFH0018)the Sichuan Province Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(2022JDJQ0006)the Doctoral Fund of Southwest University of Science and Technology(19ZX7117,21ZX7116).
文摘Saikosaponins are the major pharmacologically active components in Bupleurum genus and exhibit significant application potential in multiple fields such as immune regulation and anti-tumor activity.To elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of saikosaponins,we identified two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases,CYP716A41 and CYP716Y4,in Bupleurum chinense.These enzymes catalyze the C-28 oxidation and C-16 hydroxylation of oleanane-type triterpene skeletons,respectively.The catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 from a southern B.chinense variety was significantly higher than that from a northern variety.Molecular docking and mutagenesis experiments revealed that amino acid residues at sites 9 and 35 may contribute to this difference in catalytic efficiency.Additionally,under cold stress,the expression levels of both CYP450 genes and the saikosaponin contents in the leaves of southern varieties were significantly higher compared to those in northern varieties.The variation in the catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 and the differential expression of the two CYP450 genes under cold stress during winter are associated with the differences in saikosaponin biosynthesis in the leaves of southern and northern B.chinense varieties.This is consistent with the distinct medicinal usage practices observed between southern and northern China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82072165 and 82272256(both to XM)the Key Project of Xiangyang Central Hospital,No.2023YZ03(to RM)。
文摘Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant Number 72071209.
文摘Modern battlefields exhibit high dynamism,where traditional static weighting methods in combat effectiveness assessment fail to capture real-time changes in indicator values,leading to limited assessment accuracy—especially critical in scenarios like sudden electronic warfare or degraded command,where static weights cannot reflect the operational value decay or surge of key indicators.To address this issue,this study proposes a dynamic adaptive weightingmethod for evaluation indicators based onG1-CRITIC-PIVW.First,theG1(Sequential Relationship Analysis Method)subjective weighting method—translates expert knowledge into indicator importance rankings—leverages expert knowledge to quantify the relative importance of indicators via sequential relationship ranking,while the CRITIC(Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation)objective weighting method—derives weights from data characteristics by integrating variability and inter-correlations—calculates weights by integrating indicator variability and inter-indicator correlations,ensuring data-driven objectivity.These two sets of weights are then fused using a deviation coefficient optimization model,minimizing the squared deviation from a reference weight and adjusting the fusion coefficient via Spearman’s rank correlation to resolve potential conflicts between subjective and objective judgments.Subsequently,the PIVW(Punishment-Incentive VariableWeight)theory—adapts weights to realtime indicator performance via penalty/incentive rules—is applied for dynamic adjustment.Scenario-specific penalty λ_(1) and incentive λ_(2) thresholds are set based on operational priorities and indicator volatility,penalizing indicators with values below λ_(1) and incentivizing those exceeding λ_(2) to reflect real-time indicator performance.Experimental validation was conducted using an Air Defense and Anti-Missile(ADAM)system effectiveness assessment framework,with data covering 7 indicators across 3 combat scenarios.Results show that compared to static weighting methods,the proposed method reduces MAE(Mean Absolute Error)by 15%-20% and weighted decision error rate by 84.2%,effectively reducing overestimation/underestimation of combat effectiveness in dynamic scenarios;compared to Entropy-TOPSIS,it lowers MAE by 12% while achieving a weighted Kendall’sτconsistency coefficient of 0.85,ensuring higher alignment with expert judgment.This method enhances the accuracy and scenario adaptability of effectiveness assessment,providing reliable decision support for dynamic battlefield environments.
基金supported by the NSFC(11561001)the Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJYT18-A14)+4 种基金the NSF of Inner Mongolia(2022MS01004,2020MS01011)the Higher School Foundation of Inner Mongolia(NJZY20200)the Program for Key Laboratory Construction of Chifeng University(CFXYZD202004)the Research and Innovation Team of Complex Analysis and Nonlinear Dynamic Systems of Chifeng University(cfxykycxtd202005)the Youth Science Foundation of Chifeng University(cfxyqn202133).
文摘In recent years,researchers have extensively investigated the Hankel determinant,which consists of coefficients appearing in a holomorphic function’s Taylor-Maclaurin series.Hankel matrices are widely used in Markov processes,non-stationary signals,and other mathematical disciplines.The aim of the current research article is to first improve the bounds of coefficient-related problems by employing the well-known Carathéodory function.The problems that we are going to improve were obtained by Tang et al.The sharp estimates of the most difficult problem of geometric function theory known as the third-order Hankel determinant are also contributed here.Zalcman and Fekete-Szegöinequalities are also studied here for the defined family of holomorphic functions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[NO.11932013].
文摘This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer,with the load increasing gradually each minute.fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state,both before and after fatigue induction.A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups,with the significance level set at 0.05.Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels.Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity,there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex,between the motor cortex and frontal regions,and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions.Conversely,no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue.Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex,induced by exercise fatigue,are linked to exercise-and/or performance-related outcomes.
文摘With the increasing complexity of vehicular networks and the proliferation of connected vehicles,Federated Learning(FL)has emerged as a critical framework for decentralized model training while preserving data privacy.However,efficient client selection and adaptive weight allocation in heterogeneous and non-IID environments remain challenging.To address these issues,we propose Federated Learning with Client Selection and Adaptive Weighting(FedCW),a novel algorithm that leverages adaptive client selection and dynamic weight allocation for optimizing model convergence in real-time vehicular networks.FedCW selects clients based on their Euclidean distance from the global model and dynamically adjusts aggregation weights to optimize both data diversity and model convergence.Experimental results show that FedCW significantly outperforms existing FL algorithms such as FedAvg,FedProx,and SCAFFOLD,particularly in non-IID settings,achieving faster convergence,higher accuracy,and reduced communication overhead.These findings demonstrate that FedCW provides an effective solution for enhancing the performance of FL in heterogeneous,edge-based computing environments.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82374292the Plans for Major Provincial Science and Technology Projects of Anhui Province,No.202303a07020003the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.ZYYCXTD-C-202401.
文摘Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to symptom heterogeneity and the absence of reliable biomarkers.Artificial intelligence(AI)enables the integration of multimodal data to enhance FGID management through precision diagnostics and preventive healthcare.This minireview summarizes recent advancements in AI applications for FGIDs,highlighting progress in diagnostic accuracy,subtype classification,personalized interventions,and preventive strategies inspired by the traditional Chinese medicine concept of“treating the undiseased”.Machine learning and deep learning algorithms have demonstrated value in improving IBS diagnosis,refining FD neuro-gastrointestinal subtyping,and screening for GERD-related complications.Moreover,AI supports dietary,psychological,and integrative medicine-based interventions to improve patient adherence and quality of life.Nonetheless,key challenges remain,including data heterogeneity,limited model interpretability,and the need for robust clinical validation.Future directions emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration,the development of multimodal and explainable AI models,and the creation of patientcentered platforms to facilitate a shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention.This review provides a systematic framework to guide the clinical application and theoretical innovation of AI in FGIDs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373317)the Tianshan Talent Training Program(2022TSYCCX0013)+3 种基金the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang(2021D01D10)the Basic Research Foundation for Universities of Xinjiang(XJEDU2023P023)the Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Applied Mathematics(XJDX1401)the Intelligent Control and Optimization Research Platform in Xinjiang University.
文摘This paper is dedicated to fixed-time passivity and synchronization for multi-weighted spatiotemporal directed networks.First,to achieve fixed-time passivity,a type of decentralized power-law controller is developed,in which only one parameter needs to be adjusted in the power-law terms;this greatly decreases the inconvenience of parameter adjustment.Second,several fixed-time passivity criteria with LMI forms are derived by using a Gauss divergence theorem to deal with the spatial diffusion of nodes and by applying the Hölder’s inequality to dispose rigorously the power-law term greater than one in the designed control scheme;this improves the previous theoretical analysis.Additionally,the fixed-time synchronization of spatiotemporal directed networks with multi-weights is addressed as a direct result of fixed-time strict passivity.Finally,a numerical example is presented in order to show the validity of the theoretical analysis.
基金supported by the key project of National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(U22A20551,32030085)the Major Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,China(2021hszd015)+2 种基金the Hubei Province Major Science and Technology Special Project,China(2023BBA002)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(U22A20551)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Excellent Youth Fund(32422072)。
文摘Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural products,thereby endangering human health.Extensive studies on Aspergillus fungi have been conducted on growth and development,aflatoxin biosynthesis,and their interactions with environment.Here,we summarized a series of functional genes of the main Aspergillus fungi relative to toxins occurrence in foods,which revealed the signal transduction mechanisms of their involvement in growth and development,toxin production,and response to light,anticipating providing theoretical guidance on developing control and prevention technologies for mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products to ensure food safety.
基金supported by National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding,grant nos.BJ-2025-122,BJ2023-126CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS),grant no.2021-I2M-1050National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant no.82170956。
文摘Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),a disease responsible for early mortality worldwide,is well accepted to be associated with periodontitis epidemiologically.Although both of the diseases are the multi-microbial inflammatory disease,the precise underlying mechanisms by which periodontitis influences the progression of COPD remains largely unknown.Here,we established COPD accompanied with periodontitis mouse models and observed the pronounced progress in pulmonary symptoms and histopathology,cha racterized by poorer respiratory function,thicke ned bronchial walls,and increased neutrophils infiltration in lung tissue.Mechanistically,periodontitis pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis)relocated in the lung through the respiratory tract and LPS from P.gingivalis promoted the secretion of chemokines CXCL2 and G-CSF of alveolar epithelial cells through NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways to recruit neutrophils.Furthermore,exposure to P.gingivalis of infiltrated neutrophils released matrix metallopeptidase-8(MMP-8)and neutrophil elastase(NE),which aggravated airway inflammation and tissue damage.These findings indicated that periodontitis could exacerbate COPD via its pathogen P.gingivalis,which translocated in the lung and stimulated neutrophil chemotaxis and activation in the lung.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51909023 and 51775077)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2021-MS-140)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.3132025114)。
文摘Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)is a key material for marine applications owing to its outstanding self-lubrication and corrosion resistance.However,its long-term performance is compromised by plastic deformation in seawater.In this study,we performed a comparative analysis of the UHMWPE dynamics under seawater and water conditions to investigate the plastic deformation of UHMWPE induced by seawater.The results show that the plastic deformation of UHMWPE is amplified in seawater relative to the water conditions.Under thin fluid conditions,frictional interfaces exhibit a higher interfacial friction force and interaction energy in seawater than in water.Compared to freely diffused water molecules,hydrated ions occupy larger interchain spaces within polyethylene.Furthermore,the diffusion of hydrated ions weakens the interchain interactions,promoting more severe polyethylene chain rearrangement and accelerating seawater-induced plastic deformation in UHMWPE during friction.Furthermore,the diffused seawater accelerated the disentangling of the polyethylene chains and enhanced the orderly orientation distribution of polyethylene.Compared to free water molecules,the water molecules of hydrated ions exhibit enhanced attraction to free-flowing water molecules,thereby accelerating seawater flow across submerged UHMWPE surfaces.This flow enhancement promotes surface polyethylene chain mobility in seawater.
