In Bangladesh, the use of machinery in agriculture production is fast rising. Researchers are developing technology to replace traditional hand weeding to manage weeds in rice fields. The present study has been taken ...In Bangladesh, the use of machinery in agriculture production is fast rising. Researchers are developing technology to replace traditional hand weeding to manage weeds in rice fields. The present study has been taken to increase weeding efficiency and reduce the drudgery in weeding and mulching. A line-to-line distance of 20 cm, the operation is push-pull, and field operating condition at 2 - 4 cm standing water (for softening the field) was the designed hypothesis. The weeder consists of a skid/float, float holder, float adjuster, main body frame, rotor, axel, bush, rotor holder, rotor holder adjuster, handle, handle griper, handle holder, handle height adjuster, nut, bolt, etc. The designed weeder was fabricated using MS sheet, MS pipe, MS flat bar, MS nut-bolt, etc. When the rotors perform back and forth, the weeder’s two conical rotors with six plain blades and six serrated blades work together to uproot and bury the weeds. It also contains a 2 mm thick float assembly with a precise angle of 22 degrees. Weeds are uprooted by the weeder’s blades and buried in the muddy soil. It causes topsoil disturbance and enhances aeration. The weeding efficiency and capacity of the conical weeder were 81.92% and 0.0203 ha/h respectively. With a push-pull operation, the weeder can uproot and bury the weeds in a single row at a time. The pushing force and weight of weeder were 43.42 N and 5.6 kg respectively. Farmers can use this weeder to increase their comfort and reduce the drudgery associated with weeding and mulching in their fields.展开更多
Weeds significantly reduce crop yield(34%)as compared to pests(18%)and pathogens(16%).Also,weeds are one of the most significant biotic factors contributing to declining yield.Various methods are used to control weeds...Weeds significantly reduce crop yield(34%)as compared to pests(18%)and pathogens(16%).Also,weeds are one of the most significant biotic factors contributing to declining yield.Various methods are used to control weeds in row crops.Traditional methods like manual weeding are time-consuming,labor-intensive,and tedious.Chemical treatment with use of herbicides is not eco-friendly.In view of all the above problems,a two-row tyned weeder was developed for managing weeds in row crops.The developed weeder consists of a main frame,engine,tynes,wheels,and handle.Response surface methodology(RSM)along with the central composite design was used to study the effect of independent variables of forward speed(1.5,2,and 2.5 km/h)and moisture content of soil(12%,14%,and 16%(w.b.))on response variables for the purpose of optimizing the operational parameters of the two-row tyned weeder.The optimized parameters for tyned weeder are forward speed of 2 km/h and moisture content of 14%.The weeding efficiency,plant damage,and field efficiency were 88.38%,6.46%,and 81.66%,respectively,at optimized parameters.The performance parameters such as field capacity,depth,and width of operation were 0.08 hm2/h,55 mm,and 600 mm,respectively.The savings in cost of operation and labor for the developed tworow tyned weeder over the manual hand wheel hoe were 76.11%and 92.86%,respectively.The payback period,break-even point,labor requirement,and performance index for the developed two-row tyned weeder were 1.12 a,104.5 h/a,10.35 manh/hm2,and 410.91,respectively.展开更多
A narrow steel-wheeled tractor was modified from a conventional rubber tire-wheeled tractor to facilitate the attachment of a chemical sprayer for paddy field use.A mechanical rice weeder was designed to attach to the...A narrow steel-wheeled tractor was modified from a conventional rubber tire-wheeled tractor to facilitate the attachment of a chemical sprayer for paddy field use.A mechanical rice weeder was designed to attach to the tractor’s three-point hitch system,aiming to minimize environmental impacts.The developed mechanical weeder,2 m wide×1.2 m long×1 m high,was attached to a narrow steel wheel tractor.It was designed to operate in 30-cm row spacing,working seven rows simultaneously.In the test results from 2,40,and 60-day-old rice plants,the field capacities were 0.29,0.29,and 0.35 hm^(2)/h,resulting in 49.88%,41.83%,and 44.62%field efficiencies,respectively.The weeding efficiencies were 61.36%,63.68%,and 86.03%,while the average plant damage factors were 10.38%,7.51%,and 4.85%,respectively.The fuel consumption was 7.02,7.44,and 7.06 L/hm^(2),respectively.The slippage of the tractor was relatively high,at 27.33%and 27.12%for the 20-and 40-day-old rice plants,but was reduced to 10.56%after increasing the contact area of the narrow steel wheels for the 60-day-old rice plants.The performance index 1038.41 for the 60-day-old rice plants was the highest,attributed to a higher forward speed,compared to 305.84 for the 20-day-old and 460.33 for the 40-day-old rice plants.展开更多
Detection navigation baseline is primary for the automation of maize weeder in seedling.In the navigation technology based on machine vision,maize seeding or weed near the camera is photographed as a discrete area,whi...Detection navigation baseline is primary for the automation of maize weeder in seedling.In the navigation technology based on machine vision,maize seeding or weed near the camera is photographed as a discrete area,while a plant far away from the camera is photographed as a strip area along with other plants in the same row.The two problems cannot be solved by one method.However,in this paper,an algorithm of detection navigation baseline in the row-following operation of maize weeder based on axis extraction was proposed to solve the both problems.Firstly,plants are distinguished from the background based on color feature,and the binary image is acquired.Secondly,plants are described as a set of connected components with numbers after connected components labeling and noise clearing.Thirdly,the axes of all connected components are extracted according to the calculation method of rotary inertia in physics.Next,the abnormal connected components with axes are deleted because the angles between the axes and X-axis are above angle threshold.Then,the judgment model is built based on angle tolerance and distance tolerance,the connected components in a same row based on this model through two-step traversal are merged,and a new axis is re-extracted as the axis of the plant row.Finally,the navigation baselines are detected based on the axes of the plant row.The experimental results show that the accuracy of this algorithm is more than 93%,and the computing time is less than 1.6 s,which can meet the accuracy and real-time performance requirements of maize weeder.展开更多
Weed control in paddy fields is a worldwide problem and mechanical weeding will become a major weeding method in non-chemical weeding.A mechanical weeder was designed and tested to improve the efficiency of mechanical...Weed control in paddy fields is a worldwide problem and mechanical weeding will become a major weeding method in non-chemical weeding.A mechanical weeder was designed and tested to improve the efficiency of mechanical weeding and reduce the application of herbicides in this study.The weeding equipment is equipped with three sets of inter-row weeding parts which include ground-contoured-following pressing-grass float(GPF),weeding roller and so on.The weeding principle of weeding part is that the weeding equipment enters the inter-row area with weeder moving forward,then the GPF overwhelms the weeds in the inter-row area to improve the probability that the weeding roller behind the GPF pressed the overwhelmed weeds into the soil.The effects of weeding methods on the plant height,grain yield and quality attributes were investigated in a two-seasonal field experiment.Three weeding methods were applied in the present study:no-weeding,chemical weeding and mechanical weeding.The results of the two-seasonal field experiment showed that the average weeding rates of mechanical weeders were 87.1%and 87.61%respectively.In both seasons,there was no significant difference among weeding methods on plant height at the early growth stage of rice after weeding,but weeding methods had significant effect on plant height at the late growth stage.The plant height of mechanical weeding was higher at the late growth stage.Weeding methods had significant effects on grain yield,grain number per panicle,seed-setting rate,1000-grain weight and shoot dry matter accumulation(p<0.05),however there was no remarkable effect on rice quality and other attributes(p>0.05).Grain yield of mechanical weeding was significantly higher than that of no-weeding.There was no significant difference between chemical weeding and mechanical weeding.It can be concluded from the two-seasonal experiment that mechanical weeding had the same effect as chemical weeding on grain yield and rice quality.展开更多
为了提高机械除草的作业效率、降低地头频繁调头引起的伤苗率,该文研制了3GY-1920型宽幅水田中耕除草机。该机由12 k W水田拖拉机提供动力,工作幅宽为5.7 m,一次作业可覆盖6行插秧机3个行程的作业宽度,并配备了4个双作用液压缸,控制整...为了提高机械除草的作业效率、降低地头频繁调头引起的伤苗率,该文研制了3GY-1920型宽幅水田中耕除草机。该机由12 k W水田拖拉机提供动力,工作幅宽为5.7 m,一次作业可覆盖6行插秧机3个行程的作业宽度,并配备了4个双作用液压缸,控制整个机架的展开闭合与除草轮位置的横向调节。该文结合水田土壤特性和现有除草部件的特点,通过对除草轮的运动学与显式动力学仿真分析,设计并优化了螺旋刀齿式样除草轮,该除草轮通过与土壤及杂草的剪切、翻耕作用实现中耕除草作业。田间除草试验结果表明:在机具不同前进速度(0.3、0.6、0.9 m/s)和除草轮入土深度(3、6、9 cm)条件下,该机平均除草率为82%,伤苗率为4.8%;根据机具作业速度和幅宽可知该机作业效率为0.6~1.8 hm2/h;整机工作性能和作业效率满足水稻田机械中耕除草作业的技术要求。机械除草与化学除草产量对比试验结果表明:在试验区域内,机械除草产量高于化学除草,该研究可为中耕除草对水稻田产量的影响提供参考。展开更多
文摘In Bangladesh, the use of machinery in agriculture production is fast rising. Researchers are developing technology to replace traditional hand weeding to manage weeds in rice fields. The present study has been taken to increase weeding efficiency and reduce the drudgery in weeding and mulching. A line-to-line distance of 20 cm, the operation is push-pull, and field operating condition at 2 - 4 cm standing water (for softening the field) was the designed hypothesis. The weeder consists of a skid/float, float holder, float adjuster, main body frame, rotor, axel, bush, rotor holder, rotor holder adjuster, handle, handle griper, handle holder, handle height adjuster, nut, bolt, etc. The designed weeder was fabricated using MS sheet, MS pipe, MS flat bar, MS nut-bolt, etc. When the rotors perform back and forth, the weeder’s two conical rotors with six plain blades and six serrated blades work together to uproot and bury the weeds. It also contains a 2 mm thick float assembly with a precise angle of 22 degrees. Weeds are uprooted by the weeder’s blades and buried in the muddy soil. It causes topsoil disturbance and enhances aeration. The weeding efficiency and capacity of the conical weeder were 81.92% and 0.0203 ha/h respectively. With a push-pull operation, the weeder can uproot and bury the weeds in a single row at a time. The pushing force and weight of weeder were 43.42 N and 5.6 kg respectively. Farmers can use this weeder to increase their comfort and reduce the drudgery associated with weeding and mulching in their fields.
基金financial support of the European Union under the REFRESH–Research Excellence for Region Sustainability and High-tech Industries(Grant No.CZ.10.03.01/00/22_003/0000048)via the Operational Programme Just Transition.
文摘Weeds significantly reduce crop yield(34%)as compared to pests(18%)and pathogens(16%).Also,weeds are one of the most significant biotic factors contributing to declining yield.Various methods are used to control weeds in row crops.Traditional methods like manual weeding are time-consuming,labor-intensive,and tedious.Chemical treatment with use of herbicides is not eco-friendly.In view of all the above problems,a two-row tyned weeder was developed for managing weeds in row crops.The developed weeder consists of a main frame,engine,tynes,wheels,and handle.Response surface methodology(RSM)along with the central composite design was used to study the effect of independent variables of forward speed(1.5,2,and 2.5 km/h)and moisture content of soil(12%,14%,and 16%(w.b.))on response variables for the purpose of optimizing the operational parameters of the two-row tyned weeder.The optimized parameters for tyned weeder are forward speed of 2 km/h and moisture content of 14%.The weeding efficiency,plant damage,and field efficiency were 88.38%,6.46%,and 81.66%,respectively,at optimized parameters.The performance parameters such as field capacity,depth,and width of operation were 0.08 hm2/h,55 mm,and 600 mm,respectively.The savings in cost of operation and labor for the developed tworow tyned weeder over the manual hand wheel hoe were 76.11%and 92.86%,respectively.The payback period,break-even point,labor requirement,and performance index for the developed two-row tyned weeder were 1.12 a,104.5 h/a,10.35 manh/hm2,and 410.91,respectively.
文摘A narrow steel-wheeled tractor was modified from a conventional rubber tire-wheeled tractor to facilitate the attachment of a chemical sprayer for paddy field use.A mechanical rice weeder was designed to attach to the tractor’s three-point hitch system,aiming to minimize environmental impacts.The developed mechanical weeder,2 m wide×1.2 m long×1 m high,was attached to a narrow steel wheel tractor.It was designed to operate in 30-cm row spacing,working seven rows simultaneously.In the test results from 2,40,and 60-day-old rice plants,the field capacities were 0.29,0.29,and 0.35 hm^(2)/h,resulting in 49.88%,41.83%,and 44.62%field efficiencies,respectively.The weeding efficiencies were 61.36%,63.68%,and 86.03%,while the average plant damage factors were 10.38%,7.51%,and 4.85%,respectively.The fuel consumption was 7.02,7.44,and 7.06 L/hm^(2),respectively.The slippage of the tractor was relatively high,at 27.33%and 27.12%for the 20-and 40-day-old rice plants,but was reduced to 10.56%after increasing the contact area of the narrow steel wheels for the 60-day-old rice plants.The performance index 1038.41 for the 60-day-old rice plants was the highest,attributed to a higher forward speed,compared to 305.84 for the 20-day-old and 460.33 for the 40-day-old rice plants.
基金This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YED0701500)Shanxi Provincial Program for Youth Science and Technology(201801D221289)Shanxi Agriculture University Youth Science and Technology Innovation Project(J141802199).
文摘Detection navigation baseline is primary for the automation of maize weeder in seedling.In the navigation technology based on machine vision,maize seeding or weed near the camera is photographed as a discrete area,while a plant far away from the camera is photographed as a strip area along with other plants in the same row.The two problems cannot be solved by one method.However,in this paper,an algorithm of detection navigation baseline in the row-following operation of maize weeder based on axis extraction was proposed to solve the both problems.Firstly,plants are distinguished from the background based on color feature,and the binary image is acquired.Secondly,plants are described as a set of connected components with numbers after connected components labeling and noise clearing.Thirdly,the axes of all connected components are extracted according to the calculation method of rotary inertia in physics.Next,the abnormal connected components with axes are deleted because the angles between the axes and X-axis are above angle threshold.Then,the judgment model is built based on angle tolerance and distance tolerance,the connected components in a same row based on this model through two-step traversal are merged,and a new axis is re-extracted as the axis of the plant row.Finally,the navigation baselines are detected based on the axes of the plant row.The experimental results show that the accuracy of this algorithm is more than 93%,and the computing time is less than 1.6 s,which can meet the accuracy and real-time performance requirements of maize weeder.
基金This work was financially supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B020224001)。
文摘Weed control in paddy fields is a worldwide problem and mechanical weeding will become a major weeding method in non-chemical weeding.A mechanical weeder was designed and tested to improve the efficiency of mechanical weeding and reduce the application of herbicides in this study.The weeding equipment is equipped with three sets of inter-row weeding parts which include ground-contoured-following pressing-grass float(GPF),weeding roller and so on.The weeding principle of weeding part is that the weeding equipment enters the inter-row area with weeder moving forward,then the GPF overwhelms the weeds in the inter-row area to improve the probability that the weeding roller behind the GPF pressed the overwhelmed weeds into the soil.The effects of weeding methods on the plant height,grain yield and quality attributes were investigated in a two-seasonal field experiment.Three weeding methods were applied in the present study:no-weeding,chemical weeding and mechanical weeding.The results of the two-seasonal field experiment showed that the average weeding rates of mechanical weeders were 87.1%and 87.61%respectively.In both seasons,there was no significant difference among weeding methods on plant height at the early growth stage of rice after weeding,but weeding methods had significant effect on plant height at the late growth stage.The plant height of mechanical weeding was higher at the late growth stage.Weeding methods had significant effects on grain yield,grain number per panicle,seed-setting rate,1000-grain weight and shoot dry matter accumulation(p<0.05),however there was no remarkable effect on rice quality and other attributes(p>0.05).Grain yield of mechanical weeding was significantly higher than that of no-weeding.There was no significant difference between chemical weeding and mechanical weeding.It can be concluded from the two-seasonal experiment that mechanical weeding had the same effect as chemical weeding on grain yield and rice quality.
