Robust cooperative unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)formation in complex 3D environments is hampered by reward sparsity and inefficient collaboration.To address this,we propose context-aware relational agent learning(CORAL...Robust cooperative unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)formation in complex 3D environments is hampered by reward sparsity and inefficient collaboration.To address this,we propose context-aware relational agent learning(CORAL),a novel multi-agent deep reinforcement learning framework.CORAL synergistically integrates two modules:(1)a novelty-based intrinsic reward module to drive efficient exploration and(2)an explicit relational learning module that allows agents to predict peer intentions and enhance coordination.Built on a multi-agent Actor-Critic architecture,CORAL enables agents to balance self-interest with group objectives.Comprehensive evaluations in a high-fidelity simulation show that our method significantly outperforms state-of-theart baselines like multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient(MADDPG)and monotonic value function factorisation for deep multi-agent reinforcement learning(QMIX)in path planning efficiency,collision avoidance,and scalability.展开更多
Objective:To explore the application effect of group cooperative learning combined with flipped classroom in standardized training of emergency surgery resident physicians.Methods:95 resident physicians undergoing eme...Objective:To explore the application effect of group cooperative learning combined with flipped classroom in standardized training of emergency surgery resident physicians.Methods:95 resident physicians undergoing emergency surgery standardized training in our hospital were randomly divided into an experimental group(46,group cooperative learning+flipped classroom)and a control group(49,traditional teaching).The training period was 2 months.Results:The graduation assessment scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The improvement in critical thinking ability and self-learning ability was better than that of the control group(P<0.05).The response rate of“yes”to all items of course teaching satisfaction was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The satisfaction scores for training teachers were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The teaching model of group cooperative learning combined with flipped classroom,through reconstructing the learning process and activating interactive participation,can significantly improve the clinical operation and theoretical foundation of emergency surgery standardized training students.It also cultivates core professional qualities such as critical thinking,self-learning,and team collaboration,providing a feasible paradigm for integrated medical education in this discipline.展开更多
Existing wireless networks are flooded with video data transmissions,and the demand for high-speed and low-latency video services continues to surge.This has brought with it challenges to networks in the form of conge...Existing wireless networks are flooded with video data transmissions,and the demand for high-speed and low-latency video services continues to surge.This has brought with it challenges to networks in the form of congestion as well as the need for more resources and more dedicated caching schemes.Recently,Multi-access Edge Computing(MEC)-enabled heterogeneous networks,which leverage edge caches for proximity delivery,have emerged as a promising solution to all of these problems.Designing an effective edge caching scheme is critical to its success,however,in the face of limited resources.We propose a novel Knowledge Graph(KG)-based Dueling Deep Q-Network(KG-DDQN)for cooperative caching in MEC-enabled heterogeneous networks.The KGDDQN scheme leverages a KG to uncover video relations,providing valuable insights into user preferences for the caching scheme.Specifically,the KG guides the selection of related videos as caching candidates(i.e.,actions in the DDQN),thus providing a rich reference for implementing a personalized caching scheme while also improving the decision efficiency of the DDQN.Extensive simulation results validate the convergence effectiveness of the KG-DDQN,and it also outperforms baselines regarding cache hit rate and service delay.展开更多
Cooperative task assignment is one of the key research focuses in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs). In this paper, an energy learning hyper-heuristic(EL-HH) algorithm is proposed to address the cooperative ...Cooperative task assignment is one of the key research focuses in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs). In this paper, an energy learning hyper-heuristic(EL-HH) algorithm is proposed to address the cooperative task assignment problem of heterogeneous UAVs under complex constraints. First, a mathematical model is designed to define the scenario, complex constraints, and objective function of the problem. Then, the scheme encoding, the EL-HH strategy, multiple optimization operators, and the task sequence and time adjustment strategies are designed in the EL-HH algorithm. The scheme encoding is designed with three layers: task sequence, UAV sequence, and waiting time. The EL-HH strategy applies an energy learning method to adaptively adjust the energies of operators, thereby facilitating the selection and application of operators. Multiple optimization operators can update schemes in different ways, enabling the algorithm to fully explore the solution space. Afterward, the task order and time adjustment strategies are designed to adjust task order and insert waiting time. Through the iterative optimization process, a satisfactory assignment scheme is ultimately produced. Finally, simulation and experiment verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
In the wake of major natural disasters or human-made disasters,the communication infrastruc-ture within disaster-stricken areas is frequently dam-aged.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),thanks to their merits such as rapi...In the wake of major natural disasters or human-made disasters,the communication infrastruc-ture within disaster-stricken areas is frequently dam-aged.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),thanks to their merits such as rapid deployment and high mobil-ity,are commonly regarded as an ideal option for con-structing temporary communication networks.Con-sidering the limited computing capability and battery power of UAVs,this paper proposes a two-layer UAV cooperative computing offloading strategy for emer-gency disaster relief scenarios.The multi-agent twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient(MATD3)algorithm integrated with prioritized experience replay(PER)is utilized to jointly optimize the scheduling strategies of UAVs,task offloading ratios,and their mobility,aiming to diminish the energy consumption and delay of the system to the minimum.In order to address the aforementioned non-convex optimiza-tion issue,a Markov decision process(MDP)has been established.The results of simulation experiments demonstrate that,compared with the other four base-line algorithms,the algorithm introduced in this paper exhibits better convergence performance,verifying its feasibility and efficacy.展开更多
The paper, with the backdrop of web-based autonomous learning put forward by the recent college English teaching reform, aims to explore teachers＇ roles in this learning process in students＇ perception through the m...The paper, with the backdrop of web-based autonomous learning put forward by the recent college English teaching reform, aims to explore teachers＇ roles in this learning process in students＇ perception through the means of questionnaires and interviews. It further analyzes the possible reasons why students perceive their teachers＇ roles in such a way, in the hope of providing some implications for web-based college English autonomous learning.展开更多
Cooperative learning has developed into a creative and effective teaching theory and strategy. Cooperative learning can not only motivate students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning, but promote the interactio...Cooperative learning has developed into a creative and effective teaching theory and strategy. Cooperative learning can not only motivate students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning, but promote the interaction between the teacher and students.This paper analyzes the connotations and benefits of cooperative learning, explores reasons for existing problems in the application of cooperative learning in college English teaching and presents strategies for effective implementation of cooperative learning.展开更多
The thesis introduces a comparative study of students'autonomous listening practice in a web-based autonomous learning center and the traditional teacher-dominated listening practice in a traditional language lab....The thesis introduces a comparative study of students'autonomous listening practice in a web-based autonomous learning center and the traditional teacher-dominated listening practice in a traditional language lab.The purpose of the study is to find how students'listening strategies differ in these two approaches and thereby to find which one better facilitates students'listening proficiency.展开更多
This paper first stated some related theories of cooperative learning and English reading teaching.And then an applicationof cooperative learning in English reading teaching of art majors in independent college is imp...This paper first stated some related theories of cooperative learning and English reading teaching.And then an applicationof cooperative learning in English reading teaching of art majors in independent college is implemented based on these literature re-views.The aim of the experiment is to explore the impact of the application of cooperative learning strategies.It mainly discussedthe following questions:(1)Can the group cooperative learning improve students'reading achievement?(2)What factors contributeto the success/failure of cooperative learning?(3)What are the favorite cooperative learning models in reading classes?The experi-ment proved that cooperative learning does not truly improve art students’reading achievement in independent college,but it real-ly has a positive role in promoting the students'learning interest,motivation and emotional attitude.The experiment also indicatesthat cooperative learning is still a valuable teaching strategy for applying,and GI,LT,TGT and other cooperative learning modelare welcomed by classmates.展开更多
Accurate streamflow prediction is essential for flood warning,reservoir operation,irrigation scheduling,hydropower planning,and sustainable water management,yet remains challenging due to the complexity of hydrologica...Accurate streamflow prediction is essential for flood warning,reservoir operation,irrigation scheduling,hydropower planning,and sustainable water management,yet remains challenging due to the complexity of hydrological processes.Although data-driven models often outperform conventional physics-based hydrological modelling approaches,their real-world deployment is limited by cost,infrastructure demands,and the interdisciplinary expertise required.To bridge this gap,this study developed QPred,a regional,lightweight,cost-effective,web-delivered application for daily streamflow forecasting.The study executed an end-to-end workflow,from field data acquisition to accessible web-based deployment for on-demand forecasting.High-resolution rainfall data were recorded with tippingbucket gauges and loggers,while river water depth in the Aglar and Paligaad watersheds was converted to discharge using site-specific rating curves,resulting in a daily dataset of precipitation,river water level and discharge.Four DL architectures were trained,including vanilla Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM),stacked LSTM,bidirectional LSTM,and Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU),and evaluated using Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency(NSE),Coefficient of Determination(R2),Root-Mean-Square-Error-Standard-Deviation Ratio(RSR),and Percentage Bias(PBIAS)metrics.Performance was watershed-specific,as the vanilla LSTM demonstrated the best generalisation for the Aglar watershed(R2=0.88,NSE=0.82,RMSE=0.12 during validation),while the GRU achieved the highest validation accuracy in Paligaad(R2=0.88,NSE=0.88,RMSE=0.49).All models achieved satisfactory to excellent performance during calibration(R2>0.91,NSE>0.91 for both watersheds),demonstrating strong capability to capture streamflow dynamics.The highest performing models were selected and embedded into the QPred application.QPred was developed as a lightweight web pipeline,utilising Google Colab as the primary execution environment,Flask as the backend inference framework,Google Drive for artefact storage,andNgrok for secureHTTPS tunnelling.Auser-friendly front end utilises range sliders(bounded by observed minima and maxima)to gather inputs and provides discharge data along with metadata,thereby enhancing transparency.This work demonstrates that accurate,context-aware deep learningmodels can be delivered through low-cost,web-based platforms,providing a reproducible and scalable pipeline for hydrological applications in other watersheds and for practitioners.展开更多
Listening is an important means by which English learners can obtain information and communicate with others. Therefore, listening is an important skill of English learning and listening training is an indispensible p...Listening is an important means by which English learners can obtain information and communicate with others. Therefore, listening is an important skill of English learning and listening training is an indispensible part of language learning. However, listening can easily be affected by anxiety. Anxiety, an obvious psychological phenomenon in listening and speaking, has negative effect on language input, process and output. Although anxiety has negative influence on English listening, it can be overcome by Cooperative Learning (CL). CL can reduce anxiety, improve communication ability and strengthen learners' confidence, etc.展开更多
This paper covers an experimental study with the application of cooperative learning in the college English teaching to vocational students. It intends to find answers to the following questions: how do students coope...This paper covers an experimental study with the application of cooperative learning in the college English teaching to vocational students. It intends to find answers to the following questions: how do students cooperate in cooperative learning? Can cooperative learning promote students' learning? The author conducts an experiment by applying recording. Based on the above research work, this result has been reached: cooperative learning can promote students'mastering of vocabulary and grammar. The author would like to share her experiences with others in pedagogical studies of teaching vocational college students English.展开更多
Cooperative multi-UAV search requires jointly optimizing wide-area coverage,rapid target discovery,and endurance under sensing and motion constraints.Resolving this coupling enables scalable coordination with high dat...Cooperative multi-UAV search requires jointly optimizing wide-area coverage,rapid target discovery,and endurance under sensing and motion constraints.Resolving this coupling enables scalable coordination with high data efficiency and mission reliability.We formulate this problem as a discounted Markov decision process on an occupancy grid with a cellwise Bayesian belief update,yielding a Markov state that couples agent poses with a probabilistic target field.On this belief–MDP we introduce a segment-conditioned latent-intent framework,in which a discrete intent head selects a latent skill every K steps and an intra-segment GRU policy generates per-step control conditioned on the fixed intent;both components are trained end-to-end with proximal updates under a centralized critic.On the 50×50 grid,coverage and discovery convergence times are reduced by up to 48%and 40%relative to a flat actor-critic benchmark,and the aggregated convergence metric improves by about 12%compared with a stateof-the-art hierarchical method.Qualitative analyses further reveal stable spatial sectorization,low path overlap,and fuel-aware patrolling,indicating that segment-conditioned latent intents provide an effective and scalable mechanism for coordinated multi-UAV search.展开更多
This paper provides an exploration of cooperative learning(CL) in a Mediterranean European cultural setting, taking classroom teaching in the University of Málaga(UMA) as an example. An important part of the pape...This paper provides an exploration of cooperative learning(CL) in a Mediterranean European cultural setting, taking classroom teaching in the University of Málaga(UMA) as an example. An important part of the paper is on the definitions of CL, second language acquisition(SLA) and relative literature by scholars or educators home and abroad, such as historical and contemporary views of CL, its development and application in a variety of classrooms, esp. in multi-lingual settings, in UMA. It also puts much emphasis on sociocultural aspects of CL. Besides, this paper compares the application of CL with that in SWUST,one public university in Southwest China. In views of current problems and awkward situations in the application of CL, the paper argues that the qualified teachers and quality monitoring systems are the two major decisive factors that affect the achievement of CL in Spanish institutions. This paper also analyzes the main characteristics of the classroom teaching in Mediterranean European Cultural Settings. Thus, the paper suggests that CL may be one of the most efficient approaches to improving the quality of education in UMA. Finally, the paper concludes with recommendations and suggestions that Spanish institutions train more wellqualified teachers to meet the increasing demand of CL approach in multi-contextual or multi-lingual settings.展开更多
Cooperative learning is a pedagogical approach of great interest to some foreign language teachers in tertiary education in China. Cooperative learning is recognized as a well-known student-centered teaching method in...Cooperative learning is a pedagogical approach of great interest to some foreign language teachers in tertiary education in China. Cooperative learning is recognized as a well-known student-centered teaching method in the mainstream educational approaches ranging from kindergarten to tertiary education in other parts of the world. However, it is still not seen as an important method to use in China today. This paper briefly reviews and summarizes the major achievements as well as setbacks of FLT research in the past 60 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China. It also addresses some important issues in the history of the development and the prospect of FLT, and the career development of FL teachers in China. Moreover, it presents argumentations in the remarkable exploratory process of educational theories of FLT with Chinese characteristics. It concludes that more and more Chinese FL teachers will implement cooperative learning in their classroom activities and enrich the connotations of this approach.展开更多
In this era of information explosion, reading has become one of the most important basic skills to obtain the information. With the globalization of information and business, people pay more and more attention to Engl...In this era of information explosion, reading has become one of the most important basic skills to obtain the information. With the globalization of information and business, people pay more and more attention to English reading. English reading, as one of the four skills of language learning, plays an important role in the English learning. In a sense, English reading, together with listening comprehension, speaking, and writing, is an important skill and holds a crucial status in learning the English language. Cooperative learning is a kind of teaching theory and strategy system based on group. The theory of cooperative learning which is applied in English reading class in senior high school and change the traditional teacher- centered teaching type. Cooperative learning as a breakthrough and complement against traditional classroom instruction is an efficient teaching approach, which can promote learner's cognitive ability and improve their competence to use language. This paper discusses how to apply the above mentioned theory to the learning practices in order to achieve better English reading and improve the reading achievement in college schools.展开更多
Cooperative learning,as a new organizational form of teaching,has been more and more widely used in English language teaching.It has broken the traditional teacher-centered teaching mode.Nowadays,it has been regarded ...Cooperative learning,as a new organizational form of teaching,has been more and more widely used in English language teaching.It has broken the traditional teacher-centered teaching mode.Nowadays,it has been regarded as a creative and effective teaching theory and strategy.In order to get more insights into cooperative learning,which is not only a way of learning but also a teaching strategy,a study on the application of cooperative learning has been made from several aspects:theoretical basis,application and evaluation.展开更多
Oral English teaching is one of the essential parts in language teaching. However, the oral English teaching in Chinese college English large-scale classes is far from satisfactory. In the instruction process arise a ...Oral English teaching is one of the essential parts in language teaching. However, the oral English teaching in Chinese college English large-scale classes is far from satisfactory. In the instruction process arise a variety of problems such as the passiveness of learners, the failure of timely feedback transmission and fewer chances of oral English practice.This study aims to probe into the effects of cooperative-learning in the oral English teaching of large-scale classes. It is the author's belief that cooperative learning may effectively improve college oral English teaching in large-scale classes.展开更多
The paper is a literature review, aiming to examine the effectiveness of web-based college English learning which mainly focuses on learners' autonomous learning. Previous studies indicate that the web-based learn...The paper is a literature review, aiming to examine the effectiveness of web-based college English learning which mainly focuses on learners' autonomous learning. Previous studies indicate that the web-based learning can improve learners' autonomous learning, as well as some problems found in their findings. Therefore, this paper first gives a summary and critique of research studies on the web-based autonomous learning and some factors influencing learners' autonomous learning ability;then, areas that deserve further study are also indicated.展开更多
In the information age,blended teaching,no matter online or offline,has become the mainstream of college teaching reform.In this teaching model,self-directed learning and cooperative learning are the two main learning...In the information age,blended teaching,no matter online or offline,has become the mainstream of college teaching reform.In this teaching model,self-directed learning and cooperative learning are the two main learning approaches.On the online teaching platform,students mainly learn knowledge-based content by self-directed learning,while practising their language skills by cooperative learning in flipped classroom activities.On one hand,it advocates student-centered strategy so as to improve students autonomous learning ability;on the other hand,teachers serve as a guide to organize the classroom activities;meanwhile,they give timely feedback to students in order to promote students’learning ability.In blended teaching model,this mutually compatible and reinforcing model of self-directed learning and cooperative learning is undoubtedly helpful to improve the teaching efficiency.展开更多
基金supported by the STI 2030 Major Projects(No.2022ZD0208804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62473017)。
文摘Robust cooperative unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)formation in complex 3D environments is hampered by reward sparsity and inefficient collaboration.To address this,we propose context-aware relational agent learning(CORAL),a novel multi-agent deep reinforcement learning framework.CORAL synergistically integrates two modules:(1)a novelty-based intrinsic reward module to drive efficient exploration and(2)an explicit relational learning module that allows agents to predict peer intentions and enhance coordination.Built on a multi-agent Actor-Critic architecture,CORAL enables agents to balance self-interest with group objectives.Comprehensive evaluations in a high-fidelity simulation show that our method significantly outperforms state-of-theart baselines like multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient(MADDPG)and monotonic value function factorisation for deep multi-agent reinforcement learning(QMIX)in path planning efficiency,collision avoidance,and scalability.
基金Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,“Exploring the Changes and Mechanisms of Cerebral Microcirculation in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on OCTA Assessment”(Project No.:2023-YBSF-569)Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital Science and Technology Development Incubation Fund,“Early Identification of Cognitive Impairment in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Based on Eye Tracking Technology”(Project No.:2023YJY-72)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,“Study on the Correlation between Deep Medullary Veins and Cognitive Dysfunction in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease”(Project No.:2023-YBSF-033)。
文摘Objective:To explore the application effect of group cooperative learning combined with flipped classroom in standardized training of emergency surgery resident physicians.Methods:95 resident physicians undergoing emergency surgery standardized training in our hospital were randomly divided into an experimental group(46,group cooperative learning+flipped classroom)and a control group(49,traditional teaching).The training period was 2 months.Results:The graduation assessment scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The improvement in critical thinking ability and self-learning ability was better than that of the control group(P<0.05).The response rate of“yes”to all items of course teaching satisfaction was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The satisfaction scores for training teachers were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The teaching model of group cooperative learning combined with flipped classroom,through reconstructing the learning process and activating interactive participation,can significantly improve the clinical operation and theoretical foundation of emergency surgery standardized training students.It also cultivates core professional qualities such as critical thinking,self-learning,and team collaboration,providing a feasible paradigm for integrated medical education in this discipline.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62201419,62372357)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2023NSCQ-LMX0032)the ISN State Key Laboratory.
文摘Existing wireless networks are flooded with video data transmissions,and the demand for high-speed and low-latency video services continues to surge.This has brought with it challenges to networks in the form of congestion as well as the need for more resources and more dedicated caching schemes.Recently,Multi-access Edge Computing(MEC)-enabled heterogeneous networks,which leverage edge caches for proximity delivery,have emerged as a promising solution to all of these problems.Designing an effective edge caching scheme is critical to its success,however,in the face of limited resources.We propose a novel Knowledge Graph(KG)-based Dueling Deep Q-Network(KG-DDQN)for cooperative caching in MEC-enabled heterogeneous networks.The KGDDQN scheme leverages a KG to uncover video relations,providing valuable insights into user preferences for the caching scheme.Specifically,the KG guides the selection of related videos as caching candidates(i.e.,actions in the DDQN),thus providing a rich reference for implementing a personalized caching scheme while also improving the decision efficiency of the DDQN.Extensive simulation results validate the convergence effectiveness of the KG-DDQN,and it also outperforms baselines regarding cache hit rate and service delay.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.62203217)the Jiangsu Province Basic Research Program Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.BK20220885)+3 种基金the Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Special Foundation in Jiangsu Science and Technology Plan (Grant No.BZ2023057)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.NJ2024012)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.GZC20242230)the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.KYCX24_0586)。
文摘Cooperative task assignment is one of the key research focuses in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs). In this paper, an energy learning hyper-heuristic(EL-HH) algorithm is proposed to address the cooperative task assignment problem of heterogeneous UAVs under complex constraints. First, a mathematical model is designed to define the scenario, complex constraints, and objective function of the problem. Then, the scheme encoding, the EL-HH strategy, multiple optimization operators, and the task sequence and time adjustment strategies are designed in the EL-HH algorithm. The scheme encoding is designed with three layers: task sequence, UAV sequence, and waiting time. The EL-HH strategy applies an energy learning method to adaptively adjust the energies of operators, thereby facilitating the selection and application of operators. Multiple optimization operators can update schemes in different ways, enabling the algorithm to fully explore the solution space. Afterward, the task order and time adjustment strategies are designed to adjust task order and insert waiting time. Through the iterative optimization process, a satisfactory assignment scheme is ultimately produced. Finally, simulation and experiment verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
基金supported by the Basic Scientific Research Business Fund Project of Higher Education Institutions in Heilongjiang Province(145409601)the First Batch of Experimental Teaching and Teaching Laboratory Construction Research Projects in Heilongjiang Province(SJGZ20240038).
文摘In the wake of major natural disasters or human-made disasters,the communication infrastruc-ture within disaster-stricken areas is frequently dam-aged.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),thanks to their merits such as rapid deployment and high mobil-ity,are commonly regarded as an ideal option for con-structing temporary communication networks.Con-sidering the limited computing capability and battery power of UAVs,this paper proposes a two-layer UAV cooperative computing offloading strategy for emer-gency disaster relief scenarios.The multi-agent twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient(MATD3)algorithm integrated with prioritized experience replay(PER)is utilized to jointly optimize the scheduling strategies of UAVs,task offloading ratios,and their mobility,aiming to diminish the energy consumption and delay of the system to the minimum.In order to address the aforementioned non-convex optimiza-tion issue,a Markov decision process(MDP)has been established.The results of simulation experiments demonstrate that,compared with the other four base-line algorithms,the algorithm introduced in this paper exhibits better convergence performance,verifying its feasibility and efficacy.
文摘The paper, with the backdrop of web-based autonomous learning put forward by the recent college English teaching reform, aims to explore teachers＇ roles in this learning process in students＇ perception through the means of questionnaires and interviews. It further analyzes the possible reasons why students perceive their teachers＇ roles in such a way, in the hope of providing some implications for web-based college English autonomous learning.
文摘Cooperative learning has developed into a creative and effective teaching theory and strategy. Cooperative learning can not only motivate students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning, but promote the interaction between the teacher and students.This paper analyzes the connotations and benefits of cooperative learning, explores reasons for existing problems in the application of cooperative learning in college English teaching and presents strategies for effective implementation of cooperative learning.
文摘The thesis introduces a comparative study of students'autonomous listening practice in a web-based autonomous learning center and the traditional teacher-dominated listening practice in a traditional language lab.The purpose of the study is to find how students'listening strategies differ in these two approaches and thereby to find which one better facilitates students'listening proficiency.
文摘This paper first stated some related theories of cooperative learning and English reading teaching.And then an applicationof cooperative learning in English reading teaching of art majors in independent college is implemented based on these literature re-views.The aim of the experiment is to explore the impact of the application of cooperative learning strategies.It mainly discussedthe following questions:(1)Can the group cooperative learning improve students'reading achievement?(2)What factors contributeto the success/failure of cooperative learning?(3)What are the favorite cooperative learning models in reading classes?The experi-ment proved that cooperative learning does not truly improve art students’reading achievement in independent college,but it real-ly has a positive role in promoting the students'learning interest,motivation and emotional attitude.The experiment also indicatesthat cooperative learning is still a valuable teaching strategy for applying,and GI,LT,TGT and other cooperative learning modelare welcomed by classmates.
文摘Accurate streamflow prediction is essential for flood warning,reservoir operation,irrigation scheduling,hydropower planning,and sustainable water management,yet remains challenging due to the complexity of hydrological processes.Although data-driven models often outperform conventional physics-based hydrological modelling approaches,their real-world deployment is limited by cost,infrastructure demands,and the interdisciplinary expertise required.To bridge this gap,this study developed QPred,a regional,lightweight,cost-effective,web-delivered application for daily streamflow forecasting.The study executed an end-to-end workflow,from field data acquisition to accessible web-based deployment for on-demand forecasting.High-resolution rainfall data were recorded with tippingbucket gauges and loggers,while river water depth in the Aglar and Paligaad watersheds was converted to discharge using site-specific rating curves,resulting in a daily dataset of precipitation,river water level and discharge.Four DL architectures were trained,including vanilla Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM),stacked LSTM,bidirectional LSTM,and Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU),and evaluated using Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency(NSE),Coefficient of Determination(R2),Root-Mean-Square-Error-Standard-Deviation Ratio(RSR),and Percentage Bias(PBIAS)metrics.Performance was watershed-specific,as the vanilla LSTM demonstrated the best generalisation for the Aglar watershed(R2=0.88,NSE=0.82,RMSE=0.12 during validation),while the GRU achieved the highest validation accuracy in Paligaad(R2=0.88,NSE=0.88,RMSE=0.49).All models achieved satisfactory to excellent performance during calibration(R2>0.91,NSE>0.91 for both watersheds),demonstrating strong capability to capture streamflow dynamics.The highest performing models were selected and embedded into the QPred application.QPred was developed as a lightweight web pipeline,utilising Google Colab as the primary execution environment,Flask as the backend inference framework,Google Drive for artefact storage,andNgrok for secureHTTPS tunnelling.Auser-friendly front end utilises range sliders(bounded by observed minima and maxima)to gather inputs and provides discharge data along with metadata,thereby enhancing transparency.This work demonstrates that accurate,context-aware deep learningmodels can be delivered through low-cost,web-based platforms,providing a reproducible and scalable pipeline for hydrological applications in other watersheds and for practitioners.
文摘Listening is an important means by which English learners can obtain information and communicate with others. Therefore, listening is an important skill of English learning and listening training is an indispensible part of language learning. However, listening can easily be affected by anxiety. Anxiety, an obvious psychological phenomenon in listening and speaking, has negative effect on language input, process and output. Although anxiety has negative influence on English listening, it can be overcome by Cooperative Learning (CL). CL can reduce anxiety, improve communication ability and strengthen learners' confidence, etc.
文摘This paper covers an experimental study with the application of cooperative learning in the college English teaching to vocational students. It intends to find answers to the following questions: how do students cooperate in cooperative learning? Can cooperative learning promote students' learning? The author conducts an experiment by applying recording. Based on the above research work, this result has been reached: cooperative learning can promote students'mastering of vocabulary and grammar. The author would like to share her experiences with others in pedagogical studies of teaching vocational college students English.
文摘Cooperative multi-UAV search requires jointly optimizing wide-area coverage,rapid target discovery,and endurance under sensing and motion constraints.Resolving this coupling enables scalable coordination with high data efficiency and mission reliability.We formulate this problem as a discounted Markov decision process on an occupancy grid with a cellwise Bayesian belief update,yielding a Markov state that couples agent poses with a probabilistic target field.On this belief–MDP we introduce a segment-conditioned latent-intent framework,in which a discrete intent head selects a latent skill every K steps and an intra-segment GRU policy generates per-step control conditioned on the fixed intent;both components are trained end-to-end with proximal updates under a centralized critic.On the 50×50 grid,coverage and discovery convergence times are reduced by up to 48%and 40%relative to a flat actor-critic benchmark,and the aggregated convergence metric improves by about 12%compared with a stateof-the-art hierarchical method.Qualitative analyses further reveal stable spatial sectorization,low path overlap,and fuel-aware patrolling,indicating that segment-conditioned latent intents provide an effective and scalable mechanism for coordinated multi-UAV search.
文摘This paper provides an exploration of cooperative learning(CL) in a Mediterranean European cultural setting, taking classroom teaching in the University of Málaga(UMA) as an example. An important part of the paper is on the definitions of CL, second language acquisition(SLA) and relative literature by scholars or educators home and abroad, such as historical and contemporary views of CL, its development and application in a variety of classrooms, esp. in multi-lingual settings, in UMA. It also puts much emphasis on sociocultural aspects of CL. Besides, this paper compares the application of CL with that in SWUST,one public university in Southwest China. In views of current problems and awkward situations in the application of CL, the paper argues that the qualified teachers and quality monitoring systems are the two major decisive factors that affect the achievement of CL in Spanish institutions. This paper also analyzes the main characteristics of the classroom teaching in Mediterranean European Cultural Settings. Thus, the paper suggests that CL may be one of the most efficient approaches to improving the quality of education in UMA. Finally, the paper concludes with recommendations and suggestions that Spanish institutions train more wellqualified teachers to meet the increasing demand of CL approach in multi-contextual or multi-lingual settings.
文摘Cooperative learning is a pedagogical approach of great interest to some foreign language teachers in tertiary education in China. Cooperative learning is recognized as a well-known student-centered teaching method in the mainstream educational approaches ranging from kindergarten to tertiary education in other parts of the world. However, it is still not seen as an important method to use in China today. This paper briefly reviews and summarizes the major achievements as well as setbacks of FLT research in the past 60 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China. It also addresses some important issues in the history of the development and the prospect of FLT, and the career development of FL teachers in China. Moreover, it presents argumentations in the remarkable exploratory process of educational theories of FLT with Chinese characteristics. It concludes that more and more Chinese FL teachers will implement cooperative learning in their classroom activities and enrich the connotations of this approach.
文摘In this era of information explosion, reading has become one of the most important basic skills to obtain the information. With the globalization of information and business, people pay more and more attention to English reading. English reading, as one of the four skills of language learning, plays an important role in the English learning. In a sense, English reading, together with listening comprehension, speaking, and writing, is an important skill and holds a crucial status in learning the English language. Cooperative learning is a kind of teaching theory and strategy system based on group. The theory of cooperative learning which is applied in English reading class in senior high school and change the traditional teacher- centered teaching type. Cooperative learning as a breakthrough and complement against traditional classroom instruction is an efficient teaching approach, which can promote learner's cognitive ability and improve their competence to use language. This paper discusses how to apply the above mentioned theory to the learning practices in order to achieve better English reading and improve the reading achievement in college schools.
文摘Cooperative learning,as a new organizational form of teaching,has been more and more widely used in English language teaching.It has broken the traditional teacher-centered teaching mode.Nowadays,it has been regarded as a creative and effective teaching theory and strategy.In order to get more insights into cooperative learning,which is not only a way of learning but also a teaching strategy,a study on the application of cooperative learning has been made from several aspects:theoretical basis,application and evaluation.
文摘Oral English teaching is one of the essential parts in language teaching. However, the oral English teaching in Chinese college English large-scale classes is far from satisfactory. In the instruction process arise a variety of problems such as the passiveness of learners, the failure of timely feedback transmission and fewer chances of oral English practice.This study aims to probe into the effects of cooperative-learning in the oral English teaching of large-scale classes. It is the author's belief that cooperative learning may effectively improve college oral English teaching in large-scale classes.
文摘The paper is a literature review, aiming to examine the effectiveness of web-based college English learning which mainly focuses on learners' autonomous learning. Previous studies indicate that the web-based learning can improve learners' autonomous learning, as well as some problems found in their findings. Therefore, this paper first gives a summary and critique of research studies on the web-based autonomous learning and some factors influencing learners' autonomous learning ability;then, areas that deserve further study are also indicated.
文摘In the information age,blended teaching,no matter online or offline,has become the mainstream of college teaching reform.In this teaching model,self-directed learning and cooperative learning are the two main learning approaches.On the online teaching platform,students mainly learn knowledge-based content by self-directed learning,while practising their language skills by cooperative learning in flipped classroom activities.On one hand,it advocates student-centered strategy so as to improve students autonomous learning ability;on the other hand,teachers serve as a guide to organize the classroom activities;meanwhile,they give timely feedback to students in order to promote students’learning ability.In blended teaching model,this mutually compatible and reinforcing model of self-directed learning and cooperative learning is undoubtedly helpful to improve the teaching efficiency.
