We evaluatedthe effects of diets with different crude protein （CP） levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial communities in weaned Chahaer lambs. 128 weaned Chahaer lambs （（20.56±1.43） k...We evaluatedthe effects of diets with different crude protein （CP） levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial communities in weaned Chahaer lambs. 128 weaned Chahaer lambs （（20.56±1.43） kg body weight; ram：ewe 1：1） aged （61±1.85） d were randomly alotted to one of four diets with CP content of 11.17% （T1）, 12.06% （T2）, 13.40% （T3） or 14.36% （T4）.Ruminal fermentation parameters were measured and bacterial communities were analysed using PCR-dena-turing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE） and quantitative PCR. The average daily gain and feed utilization efifciency in T3 were higher than those in the other groups （P〈0.05）, although the dry matter intake and metabolizable energy intake were similar. Total volatile fatty acid concentration in the ruminal lfuid of T3 was lower than that of T1 （P=0.011）, T2 （P=0.008） or T4 （P=0.309）. The ammonia nitrogen concentration and acetate/propionate ratio of ruminal lfuid were signiifcantly higher in lambs fed the higher CP diets, whereas the molar concentrations of propionate and butyrate of ruminal lfuid were lower. The rumen bacterial community was similar in T2 and T3 which shown more stable and diverse rumen microbes ecosystem compared with the other groups. The DGGE proifles and phylogenetic tree indicated thatBacteroides uniformis,Clostrid-iumalkalicellulosi,Alkalibaculum bacchiandSaccharofermentanssp.were common bacterium of Chahaer lamb rumen. B. uniformis,C.alkalicelulosi,Saccharofermentanssp. andGracilibacter thermotolerans,which belong to the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutesphyla,were the dominant species in the rumen of lambs fed 13.40% CP.However,Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus lfavefaciensand Butyrivibrio ifbrisolvenswerenot differentin lambs fed different CP diets. Therefore, it could be concluded thatB. uniformis,C.alkalicelulosi,A. bacchiandSaccharofermentanssp.were common bacteria of Chahaer lamb rumen. Furthermore, the dietary CP of 13.04% could improve performance and change rumen fermentation model by increasing the dominant species’ peak intensities ofB. uniformis,C.alkalicelulosi,Saccharofermentanssp. and Gracilibacter thermotoleransand stabilizing rumen microbial ecosystem.展开更多
In lambs,weaning imposes stress that can contribute to impaired rumen epithelial barrier functionality and immunological dysregulation.In this study,the effects of a yeast co-culture consisting of Saccharomyces cerevi...In lambs,weaning imposes stress that can contribute to impaired rumen epithelial barrier functionality and immunological dysregulation.In this study,the effects of a yeast co-culture consisting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus(NM)on rumen health in lambs was evaluated,with a focus on parameters including growth performance,ruminal fermentation,and epithelial barrier integrity,ruminal metabolic function,and the composition of the ruminal bacteria.In total,24 lambs were grouped into four groups of six lambs including a control(C)group fed a basal diet,and N,M,and NM groups in which lambs were fed the basal diet respectively supplemented with S.cerevisiae yeast cultures(30 g/d per head),K.marxianus yeast cultures(30 g/d per head),and co-cultures of both yeasts(30 g/d per head),the experiment lasted for 42 d.Subsequent analyses revealed that relative to the C group,the average daily gain(ADG)of lambs in the NM group was significantly greater and exhibited significant increases in a range of mRNA relative expression including monocarboxylate transporter 1(MCT1),(Na^(+))/hydrogen(H^(+))exchanger 1(NHE1),(Na^(+))/hydrogen(H^(+))exchanger 3(NHE3),protoncoupled amino acid transporter 1(PAT1),vacuolar H^(+)-ATPase(vH+ ATPase),claudin-1,occludin in the rumen epithelium(P<0.05).Compared with the C group,the pH of the rumen contents in the NM group was significantly decreased,and the concentrations of acetate,propionate,and butyrate were significantly increased(P<0.05).Analysis of the rumen bacteria showed that the NM group exhibited increases in the relative abundance of Prevotella,Treponema,Moryella,Fibrobacter,CF231 and Ruminococcus(P<0.05).Metabolomics analyses revealed an increase in the relative content of phthalic acid and cinnamaldehyde in the NM group as compared to the C group(P<0.05),together with the greater relative content of L-tyrosine,L-dopa,rosmarinic acid,and tyrosol generated by the tyrosine metabolic pathway(P<0.05).Spearman's correlation analyses revealed relative abundance levels of Fibrobacter and Ruminococcus were positively correlated with the mRNA relative expression levels of PAT1,NHE3,and zonula occluden-1(ZO-1),as well as with tyrosol,phthalic acid,and cinnamaldehyde levels(P<0.05).Ultimately,these results suggest that dietary supplementation with NM has a wide range of beneficial effects on weaned lambs and is superior to single bacterial fermentation.These effects include improvements in daily gain and rumen epithelial barrier integrity,as well as improvements in the composition of the rumen microbiome,and alterations in tyrosine metabolic pathways.展开更多
Background Using yeast culture as additives in ruminant feed prevents rumen microbial dysbiosis,enhances performance,and regulates rumen pH.The yeast culture used in this study was developed in-house,and has been show...Background Using yeast culture as additives in ruminant feed prevents rumen microbial dysbiosis,enhances performance,and regulates rumen pH.The yeast culture used in this study was developed in-house,and has been shown to promote rumen epithelial growth in several sheep trials.Changes in protein expression associated with the promotion of rumen epithelial development following the addition of yeast culture,along with the associated molecular mechanisms,remain unknown.We used 2045-day-old weaned lambs to investigate the specific proteins and molecular mechanisms involved in these processes.Half of the lambs were fed yeast culture,and the other half were used as controls.Results Yeast culture enhanced growth performance,facilitated rumen fermentation,and promoted rumen papilla development in weaned lambs.Proteomics data identified 4,831 proteins in the rumen epithelial tissue of lambs,comprising 87 upregulated and 425 downregulated proteins.Administration of yeast culture activated multiple molecular functions within rumen epithelial cells,including oxidative phosphorylation,glutathione metabolism,apoptosis,cell cycle,and vitamin digestion and absorption.The expression of proteins associated with cell cycle regulation increased,whereas those associated with apoptosis decreased.Administration of yeast culture also reduced the duration of the G0/G1 phase of rumen epithelial cells and accelerated the cell cycle.Furthermore,yeast culture showed increased cyclin D1,cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK)2,CDK4,CDK6,and cyclin E1 expressions and decreased cytochrome C(Cyto-c),Bcl-2-related X protein(Bax),cleaved caspase 3(C-caspase 3),caspase 3,and cleaved caspase 7(C-caspase 7)protein expressions.Yeast culture upregulated the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor(IGF-1R)and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5(IGFBP-5)mRNA expressions in rumen epithelial cells.Conclusions Yeast culture facilitates rumen epithelial development by regulating the cell cycle and IGF-1 signaling and reducing the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis in rumen epithelial cells.The findings of this study provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms through which yeast culture promotes rumen epithelial development in weaned lambs.展开更多
This study aimed to determine the effects of tributyrin on growth performance,gastrointestinal tract development,ruminal bacteria and volatile fatty acid(VFA)formation.Thirty healthy weaned SmallTailed Han female lamb...This study aimed to determine the effects of tributyrin on growth performance,gastrointestinal tract development,ruminal bacteria and volatile fatty acid(VFA)formation.Thirty healthy weaned SmallTailed Han female lambs at 3 months old with BW 27.5±4.1 kg(mean±SD)were randomly assigned to five groups of six lambs each,and each group received tributyrin at 0,0.5,1.0,2.0 and 4.0 g/kg in feed.Weights were measured before the start and end of the study.After 15 d adaptation,DMI,feed,faeces and urine were recorded every week.Lambs were sacrificed at d 75.Compared to lambs fed no tributyrin,lambs fed 4.0 g/kg tributyrin had higher average daily BW gain(P=0.04)and DMI(P<0.01).Tributyrin reduced nitrogen(P<0.01),Ca(P<0.01)and P(P<0.01)losses derived from faeces and urine.The mostly important,tributyrin increased dorsal sac thickness(P<0.01),papillae length(P=0.04)and width(P<0.01),ventral sac papillae length(P<0.01)and width(P<0.01),caudodorsal blind sac thickness(P=0.02),papillae length(P<0.01)and width(P<0.01).Furthermore,tributyrin increased thicknesses of both the duodenum(P<0.01)and ileum(P=0.01),and villus heights of the duodenum(P=0.01),ileum(P<0.01),jejunum(P<0.01)and caecum(P=0.02),but tributyrin decreased duodenal(P<0.01)and caecal crypt depths(P<0.01).Tributyrin reduced rumen pH(P<0.01)while promoting total VFA concentration(P<0.01).Tributyrin improved the structure of rumen bacteria by enhancing Clostridium(P=0.04),Butyrivibrio(P<0.01),Streptococcus(P=0.04),Prevotella(P=0.04),Ruminobacter(P=0.02)and Fibrobacter(P=0.03).In conclusion,tributyrin could stimulate gastrointestinal tract development by enhancing colonization of rumen VFA-producing bacteria,and dietary supplementation of tributyrin at 4.0 g/kg of DM was recommended for the weaned lambs.展开更多
基金a part of the Public Service Program(Agriculture)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201303062)
文摘We evaluatedthe effects of diets with different crude protein （CP） levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial communities in weaned Chahaer lambs. 128 weaned Chahaer lambs （（20.56±1.43） kg body weight; ram：ewe 1：1） aged （61±1.85） d were randomly alotted to one of four diets with CP content of 11.17% （T1）, 12.06% （T2）, 13.40% （T3） or 14.36% （T4）.Ruminal fermentation parameters were measured and bacterial communities were analysed using PCR-dena-turing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE） and quantitative PCR. The average daily gain and feed utilization efifciency in T3 were higher than those in the other groups （P〈0.05）, although the dry matter intake and metabolizable energy intake were similar. Total volatile fatty acid concentration in the ruminal lfuid of T3 was lower than that of T1 （P=0.011）, T2 （P=0.008） or T4 （P=0.309）. The ammonia nitrogen concentration and acetate/propionate ratio of ruminal lfuid were signiifcantly higher in lambs fed the higher CP diets, whereas the molar concentrations of propionate and butyrate of ruminal lfuid were lower. The rumen bacterial community was similar in T2 and T3 which shown more stable and diverse rumen microbes ecosystem compared with the other groups. The DGGE proifles and phylogenetic tree indicated thatBacteroides uniformis,Clostrid-iumalkalicellulosi,Alkalibaculum bacchiandSaccharofermentanssp.were common bacterium of Chahaer lamb rumen. B. uniformis,C.alkalicelulosi,Saccharofermentanssp. andGracilibacter thermotolerans,which belong to the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutesphyla,were the dominant species in the rumen of lambs fed 13.40% CP.However,Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus lfavefaciensand Butyrivibrio ifbrisolvenswerenot differentin lambs fed different CP diets. Therefore, it could be concluded thatB. uniformis,C.alkalicelulosi,A. bacchiandSaccharofermentanssp.were common bacteria of Chahaer lamb rumen. Furthermore, the dietary CP of 13.04% could improve performance and change rumen fermentation model by increasing the dominant species’ peak intensities ofB. uniformis,C.alkalicelulosi,Saccharofermentanssp. and Gracilibacter thermotoleransand stabilizing rumen microbial ecosystem.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0100400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060774)+1 种基金Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2020GG0036)Basic Scientific Research Business Project of Universities directly under the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(BR22-11-17).
文摘In lambs,weaning imposes stress that can contribute to impaired rumen epithelial barrier functionality and immunological dysregulation.In this study,the effects of a yeast co-culture consisting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus(NM)on rumen health in lambs was evaluated,with a focus on parameters including growth performance,ruminal fermentation,and epithelial barrier integrity,ruminal metabolic function,and the composition of the ruminal bacteria.In total,24 lambs were grouped into four groups of six lambs including a control(C)group fed a basal diet,and N,M,and NM groups in which lambs were fed the basal diet respectively supplemented with S.cerevisiae yeast cultures(30 g/d per head),K.marxianus yeast cultures(30 g/d per head),and co-cultures of both yeasts(30 g/d per head),the experiment lasted for 42 d.Subsequent analyses revealed that relative to the C group,the average daily gain(ADG)of lambs in the NM group was significantly greater and exhibited significant increases in a range of mRNA relative expression including monocarboxylate transporter 1(MCT1),(Na^(+))/hydrogen(H^(+))exchanger 1(NHE1),(Na^(+))/hydrogen(H^(+))exchanger 3(NHE3),protoncoupled amino acid transporter 1(PAT1),vacuolar H^(+)-ATPase(vH+ ATPase),claudin-1,occludin in the rumen epithelium(P<0.05).Compared with the C group,the pH of the rumen contents in the NM group was significantly decreased,and the concentrations of acetate,propionate,and butyrate were significantly increased(P<0.05).Analysis of the rumen bacteria showed that the NM group exhibited increases in the relative abundance of Prevotella,Treponema,Moryella,Fibrobacter,CF231 and Ruminococcus(P<0.05).Metabolomics analyses revealed an increase in the relative content of phthalic acid and cinnamaldehyde in the NM group as compared to the C group(P<0.05),together with the greater relative content of L-tyrosine,L-dopa,rosmarinic acid,and tyrosol generated by the tyrosine metabolic pathway(P<0.05).Spearman's correlation analyses revealed relative abundance levels of Fibrobacter and Ruminococcus were positively correlated with the mRNA relative expression levels of PAT1,NHE3,and zonula occluden-1(ZO-1),as well as with tyrosol,phthalic acid,and cinnamaldehyde levels(P<0.05).Ultimately,these results suggest that dietary supplementation with NM has a wide range of beneficial effects on weaned lambs and is superior to single bacterial fermentation.These effects include improvements in daily gain and rumen epithelial barrier integrity,as well as improvements in the composition of the rumen microbiome,and alterations in tyrosine metabolic pathways.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0100400)Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2020GG0036)+2 种基金Basic Scientific Research Business Project of Universities directly under the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(BR22-11-17)National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy(2023-JSGG-5)the Special Project for Improving the Research Ability of Young Teachers of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(BR220133).
文摘Background Using yeast culture as additives in ruminant feed prevents rumen microbial dysbiosis,enhances performance,and regulates rumen pH.The yeast culture used in this study was developed in-house,and has been shown to promote rumen epithelial growth in several sheep trials.Changes in protein expression associated with the promotion of rumen epithelial development following the addition of yeast culture,along with the associated molecular mechanisms,remain unknown.We used 2045-day-old weaned lambs to investigate the specific proteins and molecular mechanisms involved in these processes.Half of the lambs were fed yeast culture,and the other half were used as controls.Results Yeast culture enhanced growth performance,facilitated rumen fermentation,and promoted rumen papilla development in weaned lambs.Proteomics data identified 4,831 proteins in the rumen epithelial tissue of lambs,comprising 87 upregulated and 425 downregulated proteins.Administration of yeast culture activated multiple molecular functions within rumen epithelial cells,including oxidative phosphorylation,glutathione metabolism,apoptosis,cell cycle,and vitamin digestion and absorption.The expression of proteins associated with cell cycle regulation increased,whereas those associated with apoptosis decreased.Administration of yeast culture also reduced the duration of the G0/G1 phase of rumen epithelial cells and accelerated the cell cycle.Furthermore,yeast culture showed increased cyclin D1,cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK)2,CDK4,CDK6,and cyclin E1 expressions and decreased cytochrome C(Cyto-c),Bcl-2-related X protein(Bax),cleaved caspase 3(C-caspase 3),caspase 3,and cleaved caspase 7(C-caspase 7)protein expressions.Yeast culture upregulated the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor(IGF-1R)and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5(IGFBP-5)mRNA expressions in rumen epithelial cells.Conclusions Yeast culture facilitates rumen epithelial development by regulating the cell cycle and IGF-1 signaling and reducing the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis in rumen epithelial cells.The findings of this study provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms through which yeast culture promotes rumen epithelial development in weaned lambs.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Provincial Science and Technology Department(project no.2108085MC112)2022 Excellent Young Talent Support Program in colleges and universities of The Working Committee of The CPC Anhui Provincial Committee Education(project no.gxyq2022054)+1 种基金2021 Rural Revitalization Projects of Guzhen County Bureau of Science and Technology(project no.2021GZXCZXKJXM02)talent development program“Young and Middle-aged Subject Leaders Training Object”from personnel department of Anhui Science and Technology University.
文摘This study aimed to determine the effects of tributyrin on growth performance,gastrointestinal tract development,ruminal bacteria and volatile fatty acid(VFA)formation.Thirty healthy weaned SmallTailed Han female lambs at 3 months old with BW 27.5±4.1 kg(mean±SD)were randomly assigned to five groups of six lambs each,and each group received tributyrin at 0,0.5,1.0,2.0 and 4.0 g/kg in feed.Weights were measured before the start and end of the study.After 15 d adaptation,DMI,feed,faeces and urine were recorded every week.Lambs were sacrificed at d 75.Compared to lambs fed no tributyrin,lambs fed 4.0 g/kg tributyrin had higher average daily BW gain(P=0.04)and DMI(P<0.01).Tributyrin reduced nitrogen(P<0.01),Ca(P<0.01)and P(P<0.01)losses derived from faeces and urine.The mostly important,tributyrin increased dorsal sac thickness(P<0.01),papillae length(P=0.04)and width(P<0.01),ventral sac papillae length(P<0.01)and width(P<0.01),caudodorsal blind sac thickness(P=0.02),papillae length(P<0.01)and width(P<0.01).Furthermore,tributyrin increased thicknesses of both the duodenum(P<0.01)and ileum(P=0.01),and villus heights of the duodenum(P=0.01),ileum(P<0.01),jejunum(P<0.01)and caecum(P=0.02),but tributyrin decreased duodenal(P<0.01)and caecal crypt depths(P<0.01).Tributyrin reduced rumen pH(P<0.01)while promoting total VFA concentration(P<0.01).Tributyrin improved the structure of rumen bacteria by enhancing Clostridium(P=0.04),Butyrivibrio(P<0.01),Streptococcus(P=0.04),Prevotella(P=0.04),Ruminobacter(P=0.02)and Fibrobacter(P=0.03).In conclusion,tributyrin could stimulate gastrointestinal tract development by enhancing colonization of rumen VFA-producing bacteria,and dietary supplementation of tributyrin at 4.0 g/kg of DM was recommended for the weaned lambs.
