The aim of the paper is to study weak gravitational lensing of quantum （perturbed） and classical lukewarm black holes （QLBHs and CLBHs respectively） in the presence of cosmological parameter A. We apply a numerica...The aim of the paper is to study weak gravitational lensing of quantum （perturbed） and classical lukewarm black holes （QLBHs and CLBHs respectively） in the presence of cosmological parameter A. We apply a numerical method to evaluate the deflection angle of bending light rays, image locations θ of sample sourceβ = π- 4, and corresponding magnifications μ. There are no obtained real values for Einstein ring locations θE（β = 0） for CLBHs but we calculate them for QLBHs. As an experimental test of our calculations, we choose mass M of 60 types of the most massive observed galactic black holes acting as a gravitational lens and study quantum matter field effects on the angle of bending light rays in the presence of cosmological constant effects. We calculate locations of non-relativistic images and corresponding magnifications. Numerical diagrams show that the quantum matter effects cause absolute values of the quantum deflection angle to be reduced with respect to the classical ones. The sign of the quantum deflection angle is changed with respect to the classical values in the presence of the cosmological constant. This means dominance of the anti-gravity counterpart of the cosmological horizon on the angle of bending light rays with respect to absorbing effects of 60 local types of the most massive observed black holes. Variations of the image positions and magnifications are negligible when increasing dimensionless cosmological constant ∈ = 16AM2 /2The deflection angle takes positive （negative） values for CLBHs （QLBHs） and they decrease very fast （slowly） by increasing the closest distance x0 of bending light ray and/or dimensionless cosmological parameter for sample giant black holes with 0.001 〈 ∈ 〈 0.01.展开更多
Stellar weak interaction processes play a significant role during the supernova explosion condition after collapse leading to the formation of neutron star. In dynamic events like core-collapse supernovae the high ent...Stellar weak interaction processes play a significant role during the supernova explosion condition after collapse leading to the formation of neutron star. In dynamic events like core-collapse supernovae the high entropy wind scenario arises from considerations of the newly born proto-neutron star. Here, the late neutrinos interact with matter of the outermost neutron star layers leading to moderately neutron rich ejecta. We study the electron capture and beta decay rates of Co and Cd isotopes at various temperature and density conditions in an astrophysical environment and found that the beta decay rates are much higher than the corresponding electron capture rates at all the conditions.展开更多
Let (Ω,A,μ) be a probability space, K the scalar field R of real numbers or C of complex numbers,and (S,X) a random normed space over K with base (Ω,A,μ). Denote the support of (S,X) by E, namely E is the essentia...Let (Ω,A,μ) be a probability space, K the scalar field R of real numbers or C of complex numbers,and (S,X) a random normed space over K with base (Ω,A,μ). Denote the support of (S,X) by E, namely E is the essential supremum of the set {A ∈ A : there exists an element p in S such that Xp(ω) > 0 for almost all ω in A}. In this paper, Banach-Alaoglu theorem in a random normed space is first established as follows: The random closed unit ball S*(1) = {f ∈ S* : Xf* 1} of the random conjugate space (S*,X*) of (S,X) is compact under the random weak star topology on (S*,X*) iff E∩A=: {E∩A | A ∈ A} is essentially purely μ-atomic (namely, there exists a disjoint family {An : n ∈ N} of at most countably many μ-atoms from E∩A such that E =∪n∞=1 An and for each element F in E∩A, there is an H in the σ-algebra generated by {An : n ∈ N} satisfying μ(F △H) = 0), whose proof forces us to provide a key topological skill, and thus is much more involved than the corresponding classical case. Further, Banach-Bourbaki-Kakutani-mulian (briefly, BBKS) theorem in a complete random normed module is established as follows: If (S,X) is a complete random normed module, then the random closed unit ball S(1) = {p ∈ S : Xp 1} of (S,X) is compact under the random weak topology on (S,X) iff both (S,X) is random reflexive and E∩A is essentially purely μ-atomic. Our recent work shows that the famous classical James theorem still holds for an arbitrary complete random normed module, namely a complete random normed module is random reflexive iff the random norm of an arbitrary almost surely bounded random linear functional on it is attainable on its random closed unit ball, but this paper shows that the classical Banach-Alaoglu theorem and BBKS theorem do not hold universally for complete random normed modules unless they possess extremely simple stratification structure, namely their supports are essentially purely μ-atomic. Combining the James theorem and BBKS theorem in complete random normed modules leads directly to an interesting phenomenum: there exist many famous classical propositions that are mutually equivalent in the case of Banach spaces, some of which remain to be mutually equivalent in the context of arbitrary complete random normed modules, whereas the other of which are no longer equivalent to another in the context of arbitrary complete random normed modules unless the random normed modules in question possess extremely simple stratification structure. Such a phenomenum is, for the first time, discovered in the course of the development of random metric theory.展开更多
文摘The aim of the paper is to study weak gravitational lensing of quantum （perturbed） and classical lukewarm black holes （QLBHs and CLBHs respectively） in the presence of cosmological parameter A. We apply a numerical method to evaluate the deflection angle of bending light rays, image locations θ of sample sourceβ = π- 4, and corresponding magnifications μ. There are no obtained real values for Einstein ring locations θE（β = 0） for CLBHs but we calculate them for QLBHs. As an experimental test of our calculations, we choose mass M of 60 types of the most massive observed galactic black holes acting as a gravitational lens and study quantum matter field effects on the angle of bending light rays in the presence of cosmological constant effects. We calculate locations of non-relativistic images and corresponding magnifications. Numerical diagrams show that the quantum matter effects cause absolute values of the quantum deflection angle to be reduced with respect to the classical ones. The sign of the quantum deflection angle is changed with respect to the classical values in the presence of the cosmological constant. This means dominance of the anti-gravity counterpart of the cosmological horizon on the angle of bending light rays with respect to absorbing effects of 60 local types of the most massive observed black holes. Variations of the image positions and magnifications are negligible when increasing dimensionless cosmological constant ∈ = 16AM2 /2The deflection angle takes positive （negative） values for CLBHs （QLBHs） and they decrease very fast （slowly） by increasing the closest distance x0 of bending light ray and/or dimensionless cosmological parameter for sample giant black holes with 0.001 〈 ∈ 〈 0.01.
文摘Stellar weak interaction processes play a significant role during the supernova explosion condition after collapse leading to the formation of neutron star. In dynamic events like core-collapse supernovae the high entropy wind scenario arises from considerations of the newly born proto-neutron star. Here, the late neutrinos interact with matter of the outermost neutron star layers leading to moderately neutron rich ejecta. We study the electron capture and beta decay rates of Co and Cd isotopes at various temperature and density conditions in an astrophysical environment and found that the beta decay rates are much higher than the corresponding electron capture rates at all the conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10471115)
文摘Let (Ω,A,μ) be a probability space, K the scalar field R of real numbers or C of complex numbers,and (S,X) a random normed space over K with base (Ω,A,μ). Denote the support of (S,X) by E, namely E is the essential supremum of the set {A ∈ A : there exists an element p in S such that Xp(ω) > 0 for almost all ω in A}. In this paper, Banach-Alaoglu theorem in a random normed space is first established as follows: The random closed unit ball S*(1) = {f ∈ S* : Xf* 1} of the random conjugate space (S*,X*) of (S,X) is compact under the random weak star topology on (S*,X*) iff E∩A=: {E∩A | A ∈ A} is essentially purely μ-atomic (namely, there exists a disjoint family {An : n ∈ N} of at most countably many μ-atoms from E∩A such that E =∪n∞=1 An and for each element F in E∩A, there is an H in the σ-algebra generated by {An : n ∈ N} satisfying μ(F △H) = 0), whose proof forces us to provide a key topological skill, and thus is much more involved than the corresponding classical case. Further, Banach-Bourbaki-Kakutani-mulian (briefly, BBKS) theorem in a complete random normed module is established as follows: If (S,X) is a complete random normed module, then the random closed unit ball S(1) = {p ∈ S : Xp 1} of (S,X) is compact under the random weak topology on (S,X) iff both (S,X) is random reflexive and E∩A is essentially purely μ-atomic. Our recent work shows that the famous classical James theorem still holds for an arbitrary complete random normed module, namely a complete random normed module is random reflexive iff the random norm of an arbitrary almost surely bounded random linear functional on it is attainable on its random closed unit ball, but this paper shows that the classical Banach-Alaoglu theorem and BBKS theorem do not hold universally for complete random normed modules unless they possess extremely simple stratification structure, namely their supports are essentially purely μ-atomic. Combining the James theorem and BBKS theorem in complete random normed modules leads directly to an interesting phenomenum: there exist many famous classical propositions that are mutually equivalent in the case of Banach spaces, some of which remain to be mutually equivalent in the context of arbitrary complete random normed modules, whereas the other of which are no longer equivalent to another in the context of arbitrary complete random normed modules unless the random normed modules in question possess extremely simple stratification structure. Such a phenomenum is, for the first time, discovered in the course of the development of random metric theory.
