Rock mass classification systems are the very important part for underground projects and rock mass rating(RMR) is one of the most commonly applied classification systems in numerous civil and mining projects. The typ...Rock mass classification systems are the very important part for underground projects and rock mass rating(RMR) is one of the most commonly applied classification systems in numerous civil and mining projects. The type of rock mass consisting of an interbedding of strong and weak layers poses difficulties and uncertainties for determining the RMR. For this, the present paper uses the concept of rock bolt supporting factor(RSF) for modification of RMR system to be used in such rock mass types. The proposed method also demonstrates the importance of rock bolting practice in such rock masses. The geological parameters of the Shemshak Formation of the Alborz Tunnel in Iran are used as case examples for development of the theoretical approach.展开更多
It is proved that the quadratic system with a weak focus and a strong focus has at most one limit cycle around the strong focus, and as the weak focus is a 2nd order(or 3rd order) weak focus the quadratic system ha...It is proved that the quadratic system with a weak focus and a strong focus has at most one limit cycle around the strong focus, and as the weak focus is a 2nd order(or 3rd order) weak focus the quadratic system has at most two(one) limit cycles which have (1,1) distribution ((0,1) distribution).展开更多
According to the meteorological conditions of sowing period and the characteristics of seedling in each key growth period,the measures of rushing drainage,rushing harvest stubble,rushing sow,implementing late sowing,s...According to the meteorological conditions of sowing period and the characteristics of seedling in each key growth period,the measures of rushing drainage,rushing harvest stubble,rushing sow,implementing late sowing,strengthening field management before winter and in spring are taken in Daiyue District during the autumn planting period of wheat,which reduce the influence of natural disasters and increase the yield of wheat.展开更多
In this paper we study the interaction of strong and weak singularities for hyperbolic system of conservation laws in multidimensional space. Under the assumption of transversal intersect of the shock front with the b...In this paper we study the interaction of strong and weak singularities for hyperbolic system of conservation laws in multidimensional space. Under the assumption of transversal intersect of the shock front with the bicharacteristics bearing weak singularities we proved a theorem on regularity propagation across the shock front.展开更多
Using finite differences and entropy inequalities, the global existence of weak solutions to a multidimensional parabolic strongly coupled prey-predator model is obtained. The nonnegativity of the solutions is also sh...Using finite differences and entropy inequalities, the global existence of weak solutions to a multidimensional parabolic strongly coupled prey-predator model is obtained. The nonnegativity of the solutions is also shown.展开更多
In this paper we study the strong and weak property of travelling wave front solutions for a class of degenerate parabolic equations. How the strong and weak property changes under the effects of wave speed and reacti...In this paper we study the strong and weak property of travelling wave front solutions for a class of degenerate parabolic equations. How the strong and weak property changes under the effects of wave speed and reaction diffusion terms are showed.展开更多
The aim of the paper is to study weak gravitational lensing of quantum （perturbed） and classical lukewarm black holes （QLBHs and CLBHs respectively） in the presence of cosmological parameter A. We apply a numerica...The aim of the paper is to study weak gravitational lensing of quantum （perturbed） and classical lukewarm black holes （QLBHs and CLBHs respectively） in the presence of cosmological parameter A. We apply a numerical method to evaluate the deflection angle of bending light rays, image locations θ of sample sourceβ = π- 4, and corresponding magnifications μ. There are no obtained real values for Einstein ring locations θE（β = 0） for CLBHs but we calculate them for QLBHs. As an experimental test of our calculations, we choose mass M of 60 types of the most massive observed galactic black holes acting as a gravitational lens and study quantum matter field effects on the angle of bending light rays in the presence of cosmological constant effects. We calculate locations of non-relativistic images and corresponding magnifications. Numerical diagrams show that the quantum matter effects cause absolute values of the quantum deflection angle to be reduced with respect to the classical ones. The sign of the quantum deflection angle is changed with respect to the classical values in the presence of the cosmological constant. This means dominance of the anti-gravity counterpart of the cosmological horizon on the angle of bending light rays with respect to absorbing effects of 60 local types of the most massive observed black holes. Variations of the image positions and magnifications are negligible when increasing dimensionless cosmological constant ∈ = 16AM2 /2The deflection angle takes positive （negative） values for CLBHs （QLBHs） and they decrease very fast （slowly） by increasing the closest distance x0 of bending light ray and/or dimensionless cosmological parameter for sample giant black holes with 0.001 〈 ∈ 〈 0.01.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a new method that combines chaotic series phase space reconstruction and local polynomial estimation to solve the problem of suppressing strong chaotic noise. First, chaotic noise time series...In this paper, we propose a new method that combines chaotic series phase space reconstruction and local polynomial estimation to solve the problem of suppressing strong chaotic noise. First, chaotic noise time series are reconstructed to obtain multivariate time series according to Takens delay embedding theorem. Then the chaotic noise is estimated accurately using local polynomial estimation method. After chaotic noise is separated from observation signal, we can get the estimation of the useful signal. This local polynomial estimation method can combine the advantages of local and global law. Finally, it makes the estimation more exactly and we can calculate the formula of mean square error theoretically. The simulation results show that the method is effective for the suppression of strong chaotic noise when the signal to interference ratio is low.展开更多
The strong completeness of medium logic system is discussed. The following results are proved： medium propositional logic system MP and its extension MP^＊ are strong complete; medium predicate logic system MF and it...The strong completeness of medium logic system is discussed. The following results are proved： medium propositional logic system MP and its extension MP^＊ are strong complete; medium predicate logic system MF and its extensions （MF^＊ and ME^＊ ） are not strong complete; and generally, ff a consistent formal system is not strong complete, then any consistent extensions of this forreal system are not strong complete either.展开更多
Yamamuro in [1] defines strong and weak transience of Markov processes; gives a criterion for strong transience of Feller processes; and further, discusses strong and weak transience of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type process...Yamamuro in [1] defines strong and weak transience of Markov processes; gives a criterion for strong transience of Feller processes; and further, discusses strong and weak transience of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type processes. In this article, the authors weaken the Feller property of the result in [1] to weak Feller property and discuss the strong transience of operator-self-similar Markov processes.展开更多
We note that the Single Stage Single Period Multi Commodity Warehouse Location Problem (SSSPMCWLP) has been first attempted by Geoffrion and Graves [1], and that they use the weak formulation (in context of contributi...We note that the Single Stage Single Period Multi Commodity Warehouse Location Problem (SSSPMCWLP) has been first attempted by Geoffrion and Graves [1], and that they use the weak formulation (in context of contribution of this paper). We give for the first time “strong” formulation of SSSPMCWLP. We notice advantages of strong formulation over weak formulation in terms of better bounds for yielding efficient Branch and Bound solutions. However, the computation time of “strong” formulation was discovered to be higher than that of the “weak” formulation, which was a major drawback in solving large size problems. To overcome this, we develop the hybrid strong formulation by adding only a few most promising demand and supply side strong constraints to the weak formulation of SSSPMCWLP. So, the formulations developed were put to test on various large size problems. Hybrid formulation is able to give better bound than the weak and takes much less CPU time than the strong formulation. So, a kind of trade off is achieved allowing efficiently solving large sized SSSPMCWLP in real times using hybrid formulation.展开更多
In an abnormal high-temperature fire environment,a structure with mechanical-thermal weak-link can be used to predict the permanent failure before the failure of some strong-links,such as explosive initiator,thus to p...In an abnormal high-temperature fire environment,a structure with mechanical-thermal weak-link can be used to predict the permanent failure before the failure of some strong-links,such as explosive initiator,thus to protect the latter. An effective design can be defined as that the weak-link fails before the failure of the strong-link,and the system is safe; while an unsuccessful design means that the weak-link fails after the failure of the strong-link,and the system loses in safety. The probability of safety failure exists due to the uncertain failure temperatures of the weak-link and strong-link. In order to obtain the probability of safety failure,a statistical method was used to deal with the uncertainty of the failure temperatures. The integral method and stochastic simulation method were used in calculations. Finally,a sample was given to verify the consistence of the results given by two methods.展开更多
This paper, based on the hi sto rical background of CLT(communicative language teaching), mainly addresses the k ey issues concerning the weak form of CLT. This is an area few people have paid attention to in the past...This paper, based on the hi sto rical background of CLT(communicative language teaching), mainly addresses the k ey issues concerning the weak form of CLT. This is an area few people have paid attention to in the past few years in China. Therefore, its main concepts and f e atures are discussed with relevance to literature and an empirical study on four novice teachers of English. Finally, the research shows that the weak form of CLT is being conducted in Chinese secondary schools.展开更多
文摘Rock mass classification systems are the very important part for underground projects and rock mass rating(RMR) is one of the most commonly applied classification systems in numerous civil and mining projects. The type of rock mass consisting of an interbedding of strong and weak layers poses difficulties and uncertainties for determining the RMR. For this, the present paper uses the concept of rock bolt supporting factor(RSF) for modification of RMR system to be used in such rock mass types. The proposed method also demonstrates the importance of rock bolting practice in such rock masses. The geological parameters of the Shemshak Formation of the Alborz Tunnel in Iran are used as case examples for development of the theoretical approach.
文摘It is proved that the quadratic system with a weak focus and a strong focus has at most one limit cycle around the strong focus, and as the weak focus is a 2nd order(or 3rd order) weak focus the quadratic system has at most two(one) limit cycles which have (1,1) distribution ((0,1) distribution).
文摘According to the meteorological conditions of sowing period and the characteristics of seedling in each key growth period,the measures of rushing drainage,rushing harvest stubble,rushing sow,implementing late sowing,strengthening field management before winter and in spring are taken in Daiyue District during the autumn planting period of wheat,which reduce the influence of natural disasters and increase the yield of wheat.
文摘In this paper we study the interaction of strong and weak singularities for hyperbolic system of conservation laws in multidimensional space. Under the assumption of transversal intersect of the shock front with the bicharacteristics bearing weak singularities we proved a theorem on regularity propagation across the shock front.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 10701024, 10601011)
文摘Using finite differences and entropy inequalities, the global existence of weak solutions to a multidimensional parabolic strongly coupled prey-predator model is obtained. The nonnegativity of the solutions is also shown.
文摘In this paper we study the strong and weak property of travelling wave front solutions for a class of degenerate parabolic equations. How the strong and weak property changes under the effects of wave speed and reaction diffusion terms are showed.
文摘The aim of the paper is to study weak gravitational lensing of quantum （perturbed） and classical lukewarm black holes （QLBHs and CLBHs respectively） in the presence of cosmological parameter A. We apply a numerical method to evaluate the deflection angle of bending light rays, image locations θ of sample sourceβ = π- 4, and corresponding magnifications μ. There are no obtained real values for Einstein ring locations θE（β = 0） for CLBHs but we calculate them for QLBHs. As an experimental test of our calculations, we choose mass M of 60 types of the most massive observed galactic black holes acting as a gravitational lens and study quantum matter field effects on the angle of bending light rays in the presence of cosmological constant effects. We calculate locations of non-relativistic images and corresponding magnifications. Numerical diagrams show that the quantum matter effects cause absolute values of the quantum deflection angle to be reduced with respect to the classical ones. The sign of the quantum deflection angle is changed with respect to the classical values in the presence of the cosmological constant. This means dominance of the anti-gravity counterpart of the cosmological horizon on the angle of bending light rays with respect to absorbing effects of 60 local types of the most massive observed black holes. Variations of the image positions and magnifications are negligible when increasing dimensionless cosmological constant ∈ = 16AM2 /2The deflection angle takes positive （negative） values for CLBHs （QLBHs） and they decrease very fast （slowly） by increasing the closest distance x0 of bending light ray and/or dimensionless cosmological parameter for sample giant black holes with 0.001 〈 ∈ 〈 0.01.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Science & Technology Commission,China (Grant No.CSTC2010BB2310)the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Foundation,China (Grant Nos.KJ080614,KJ100810,and KJ100818)
文摘In this paper, we propose a new method that combines chaotic series phase space reconstruction and local polynomial estimation to solve the problem of suppressing strong chaotic noise. First, chaotic noise time series are reconstructed to obtain multivariate time series according to Takens delay embedding theorem. Then the chaotic noise is estimated accurately using local polynomial estimation method. After chaotic noise is separated from observation signal, we can get the estimation of the useful signal. This local polynomial estimation method can combine the advantages of local and global law. Finally, it makes the estimation more exactly and we can calculate the formula of mean square error theoretically. The simulation results show that the method is effective for the suppression of strong chaotic noise when the signal to interference ratio is low.
文摘The strong completeness of medium logic system is discussed. The following results are proved： medium propositional logic system MP and its extension MP^＊ are strong complete; medium predicate logic system MF and its extensions （MF^＊ and ME^＊ ） are not strong complete; and generally, ff a consistent formal system is not strong complete, then any consistent extensions of this forreal system are not strong complete either.
基金Research supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and a grant from the Ministry of Education of China
文摘Yamamuro in [1] defines strong and weak transience of Markov processes; gives a criterion for strong transience of Feller processes; and further, discusses strong and weak transience of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type processes. In this article, the authors weaken the Feller property of the result in [1] to weak Feller property and discuss the strong transience of operator-self-similar Markov processes.
文摘We note that the Single Stage Single Period Multi Commodity Warehouse Location Problem (SSSPMCWLP) has been first attempted by Geoffrion and Graves [1], and that they use the weak formulation (in context of contribution of this paper). We give for the first time “strong” formulation of SSSPMCWLP. We notice advantages of strong formulation over weak formulation in terms of better bounds for yielding efficient Branch and Bound solutions. However, the computation time of “strong” formulation was discovered to be higher than that of the “weak” formulation, which was a major drawback in solving large size problems. To overcome this, we develop the hybrid strong formulation by adding only a few most promising demand and supply side strong constraints to the weak formulation of SSSPMCWLP. So, the formulations developed were put to test on various large size problems. Hybrid formulation is able to give better bound than the weak and takes much less CPU time than the strong formulation. So, a kind of trade off is achieved allowing efficiently solving large sized SSSPMCWLP in real times using hybrid formulation.
基金Sponsored by Science and technology development fund of China academy of engineering physics( 2011A0203010)
文摘In an abnormal high-temperature fire environment,a structure with mechanical-thermal weak-link can be used to predict the permanent failure before the failure of some strong-links,such as explosive initiator,thus to protect the latter. An effective design can be defined as that the weak-link fails before the failure of the strong-link,and the system is safe; while an unsuccessful design means that the weak-link fails after the failure of the strong-link,and the system loses in safety. The probability of safety failure exists due to the uncertain failure temperatures of the weak-link and strong-link. In order to obtain the probability of safety failure,a statistical method was used to deal with the uncertainty of the failure temperatures. The integral method and stochastic simulation method were used in calculations. Finally,a sample was given to verify the consistence of the results given by two methods.
文摘This paper, based on the hi sto rical background of CLT(communicative language teaching), mainly addresses the k ey issues concerning the weak form of CLT. This is an area few people have paid attention to in the past few years in China. Therefore, its main concepts and f e atures are discussed with relevance to literature and an empirical study on four novice teachers of English. Finally, the research shows that the weak form of CLT is being conducted in Chinese secondary schools.
