We review recent advances in the finite element method (FEM) simulations of interactions between waves and structures. Our focus is on the potential theory with the fully nonlinear or second-order boundary condition. ...We review recent advances in the finite element method (FEM) simulations of interactions between waves and structures. Our focus is on the potential theory with the fully nonlinear or second-order boundary condition. The present paper has six sections. A review of previous work on interactions between waves and ocean structures is presented in Section one. Section two gives the mathematical formulation. In Section three, the finite element discretization, mesh generation and the finite element linear system solution methods are described. Section four presents numerical methods including time marching schemes, computation of velocity, remeshing and smoothing techniques and numerical radiation conditions. The application of the FEM to the wave-structure interactions are presented in Section five followed by the concluding remarks in Section six.展开更多
The suitability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for marine renewable energy research and development and in particular for simulating extreme wave interaction with a wave energy converter (WEC) is considered. Fu...The suitability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for marine renewable energy research and development and in particular for simulating extreme wave interaction with a wave energy converter (WEC) is considered. Fully nonlinear time domain CFD is often considered to be an expensive and computationally intensive option for marine hydrodynamics and frequency-based methods are traditionally preferred by the industry. However, CFD models capture more of the physics of wave-structure interaction, and whereas traditional frequency domain approaches are restricted to linear motions, fully nonlinear CFD can simulate wave breaking and overtopping. Furthermore, with continuing advances in computing power and speed and the development of new algorithms for CFD, it is becoming a more popular option for design applications in the marine environment. In this work, different CFD approaches of increasing novelty are assessed: two commercial CFD packages incorporating recent advances in high resolution free surface flow simulation;a finite volume based Euler equation model with a shock capturing technique for the free surface;and meshless Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. These different approaches to fully nonlinear time domain simulation of free surface flow and wave structure interaction are applied to test cases of increasing complexity and the results compared with experimental data. Results are presented for regular wave interaction with a fixed horizontal cylinder, wave generation by a cone in driven vertical motion at the free surface and extreme wave interaction with a bobbing float (The Manchester Bobber WEC). The numerical results generally show good agreement with the physical experiments and simulate the wave-structure interaction and wave loading satisfactorily. The grid-based methods are shown to be generally less able than the meshless SPH to capture jet formation at the face of the cone, the resolution of the jet being grid dependent.展开更多
Nowadays,an increasing number of ships and marine structures are manufactured and inevitably operated in rough sea.As a result,some phenomena related to the violent fluid-elastic structure interactions(e.g.,hydrodynam...Nowadays,an increasing number of ships and marine structures are manufactured and inevitably operated in rough sea.As a result,some phenomena related to the violent fluid-elastic structure interactions(e.g.,hydrodynamic slamming on marine vessels,tsunami impact on onshore structures,and sloshing in liquid containers)have aroused huge challenges to ocean engineering fields.In this paper,the moving particle semi-implicit(MPS)method and finite element method(FEM)coupled method is proposed for use in numerical investigations of the interaction between a regular wave and a horizontal suspended structure.The fluid domain calculated by the MPS method is dispersed into fluid particles,and the structure domain solved by the FEM method is dispersed into beam elements.The generation of the 2D regular wave is firstly conducted,and convergence verification is performed to determine appropriate particle spacing for the simulation.Next,the regular wave interacting with a rigid structure is initially performed and verified through the comparison with the laboratory experiments.By verification,the MPS-FEM coupled method can be applied to fluid-structure interaction(FSI)problems with waves.On this basis,taking the flexibility of structure into consideration,the elastic dynamic response of the structure subjected to the wave slamming is investigated,including the evolutions of the free surface,the variation of the wave impact pressures,the velocity distribution,and the structural deformation response.By comparison with the rigid case,the effects of the structural flexibility on wave-elastic structure interaction can be obtained.展开更多
We briefly review the recent progress in marine hydrodynamics.Developments in wave-structure interaction,wave-current interaction,Rogue waves,sloshing in liquid tanks and their applications in ocean engineering,such a...We briefly review the recent progress in marine hydrodynamics.Developments in wave-structure interaction,wave-current interaction,Rogue waves,sloshing in liquid tanks and their applications in ocean engineering,such as Floating Production Storage and Offloading facility(FPSO) and Very Large Floating Structure(VLFS),are presented.展开更多
As a multidisciplinary phenomenon,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow is featured by two primary interactions:Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSIs)and Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions(SBLIs).The former raises s...As a multidisciplinary phenomenon,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow is featured by two primary interactions:Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSIs)and Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions(SBLIs).The former raises structural concerns,and the latter is of aerodynamic interest.Thus,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow represents a vital topic for the development and optimization of supersonic vehicles and propulsion systems.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the methodologies applied to capture structural and fluid dynamics,including theoretical models,numerical simulations,and wind tunnel experiments.The application of data-driven modal decomposition,an advanced technique to extract physically crucial features,on the topic is introduced.From the perspective of FSIs,the distinctive aeroelastic behaviors in shock-dominated flow,including hysteresis phenomena and nonlinear responses,are highlighted.From the perspective of SBLIs,the modifications in their spatial and temporal characteristics imposed by the aeroelastic responses are emphasized.Motivated by the interaction between the shock waves and structural response,different strategies have been proposed to implement aeroelastic suppression and shock control,which have the potential to enhance structural safety and aerodynamic performance in the next generation of high-speed flight vehicles.展开更多
Host-yeast interactions are fundamental drivers of human microbiome dynamics,spanning a spectrum from mutualistic symbiosis to opportunistic pathogenesis with profound implications for systemic health.This review syst...Host-yeast interactions are fundamental drivers of human microbiome dynamics,spanning a spectrum from mutualistic symbiosis to opportunistic pathogenesis with profound implications for systemic health.This review systematically elucidates the complex molecular mechanisms governing these relationships,with a specific focus on metabolic interdependence and immunomodulation.We analyze how yeast-derived metabolites,particularly short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),modulate host glucose and lipid homeostasis via signaling pathways such as GPR41/43 and GLP-1 secretion.Furthermore,the review explores the pathophysiological role of fungal dysbiosis in chronic conditions,including obesity,diabetes,and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),highlighting how a breakdown in host-yeast homeostasis triggers pro-inflammatory cascades.Beyond the fungal-host axis,we introduce the concept of the"mycobiome-virome-bacterial axis,"discussing how commensal yeasts synergize with beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium and influence viral infectivity through Interferon-mediated innate immune priming.We critically evaluate how cutting-edge technologies-including transgenic mouse models(specifically Dectin-1^(-/-)and CARD9^(-/-),metabolomics,and single-cell sequencing-have revolutionized our mechanistic understanding of these multi-kingdom dynamics.By integrating current findings,we identify critical knowledge gaps and propose high-resolution research frameworks,such as humanized organ-on-a-chip systems,to simulate intricate host-microbe interactions under physiological flow conditions.This comprehensive synthesis provides a strategic foundation for developing targeted,next-generation microbiome-based interventions to restore host-yeast balance and enhance overall human health.展开更多
As a common electronic adhesive,ultraviolet(UV)curing polyurethane acrylate adhesive has both flexibility and wear resistance of polyurethane,excellent weather resistance and optical properties of acrylate.Despite the...As a common electronic adhesive,ultraviolet(UV)curing polyurethane acrylate adhesive has both flexibility and wear resistance of polyurethane,excellent weather resistance and optical properties of acrylate.Despite the extensive applications,it is still difficult to solve the problems caused by the shrinkage of adhesive.Here,a new type of photosensitive adhesive for bonding electronic components based on supramolecular interaction was designed and synthesized.The supramolecular interaction of cyclodextrin and adamantane moieties introduced into the adhesive polymer entitles the viscosity of the adhesive to rise rapidly during use,thereby preventing adhesive loss and dislocation of electronic components.UV light could further cure the adhesive and position the electronic components.The adhesive shrunk<2%when cured by UV light,so it can be used for electronic packaging and high-resolution,defect-free lithography.展开更多
This study reveals the critical role of multiscale interaction within the westerly wind bursts(WWBs)west of the MJO convection in modulating the prediction skill for the November MJO event during the DYNAMO(Dynamics o...This study reveals the critical role of multiscale interaction within the westerly wind bursts(WWBs)west of the MJO convection in modulating the prediction skill for the November MJO event during the DYNAMO(Dynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation)field campaign.The characteristics of the MJO convection envelope are obtained by the largescale precipitation tracking method,and a novel metric is introduced to quantify the prediction skill for the MJO convection in the ECMWF reforecast.The ECMWF forecast exhibits approximately 17 days in skillful prediction for the MJO convection—significantly lower than that derived from the global measure.The reforecast ensembles are further classified into high and low skill catalogs based on the mean prediction skill during the observed WWBs period.High-skill ensembles exhibit significantly enhanced low-level westerlies,amplified MJO convection,and reduced spatial separation between the low-level westerlies and MJO convection during the WWBs period,indicating stronger coupling between the large-scale circulation and the convection.Mechanistic analysis reveals that enhanced westerlies in high-skill ensembles can transfer more high-frequency energy to the MJO convection through the flux convergence of interaction energy for MJO convection development,resulting in better prediction skill.展开更多
Cytochrome c(cyt c)is released from mitochondria into the cytosol upon apoptotic stimulation,ultimately triggering programmed cell death.Recent studies have revealed that transfer RNA(tRNA)interacts with cyt c,impedin...Cytochrome c(cyt c)is released from mitochondria into the cytosol upon apoptotic stimulation,ultimately triggering programmed cell death.Recent studies have revealed that transfer RNA(tRNA)interacts with cyt c,impeding the formation of the apoptosome complex and thereby suppressing apoptosis.To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between cyt c and tRNA,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based chemical shift perturbation and intensity analysis were employed to characterize the binding interface between cyt c and tRNAphe.The findings demonstrate that cyt c primarily engages with tRNAphe through its 70–85Ω-loop and N-terminalα-helix.This interaction sterically hinders the accessibility of small molecules,such as H_(2)O_(2),to the hydrophobic pocket of cyt c,consequently attenuating its peroxidase activity.Furthermore,oxidative modification of cyt c,particularly the carbonylation of positively charged lysine residues,weakens this interaction.展开更多
Local Climate Zones(LCZs)provide a standardized framework for analyzing urban thermal environment.Examining the interactive effects of building and green space patterns on land surface temperature(LST)within LCZs is e...Local Climate Zones(LCZs)provide a standardized framework for analyzing urban thermal environment.Examining the interactive effects of building and green space patterns on land surface temperature(LST)within LCZs is essential for uncovering urban cooling mechanisms and developing strategies for heat-mitigation urban design.Therefore,this study employed one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison to test compare the significant differences of LST among LCZs 1-6,and applied the XGBoost model to quantify the interactive effects of building and green space indicators on LST,and to identify the threshold ranges of their cooling effects.The results showed that LCZ 2 exhibited the highest LST,while LCZ 4 recorded the lowest.Average building volume(BAV),building coverage ratio(BCR),green cover area(GCA),and the total edge length of green space(GTE)were identified as the key indicators driving the interactive effects on LST.In LCZ 2,when BAV exceeded 1800 m^(3),the interaction of higher GCA and GTE contributed to lower LST.When BCR was less than 0.6 in LCZs 4-5,lower GCA and GTE values enhanced the LST reduction.The results provided a strategic basis for urban thermal environment mitigation and sustainable development under the LCZ framework.展开更多
Using observational and reanalysis datasets,this study explores the mechanisms by which the interactions among multi-timescale flows impacted the onset of rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Hato(2017).Hato(2017)forme...Using observational and reanalysis datasets,this study explores the mechanisms by which the interactions among multi-timescale flows impacted the onset of rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Hato(2017).Hato(2017)formed within a northwest–southeast-oriented synoptic-scale(with periods<10 days)wave train,concurring with a developing intraseasonal(10–90 days)oscillation and an elongated low-frequency(>90 days)monsoon trough in the western North Pacific.Impacted by continuously increasing vertical wind shear,the TC long maintained a highly asymmetric convective structure.Prior to RI onset,the synoptic-scale circulation and the inner-core asymmetric convection of Hato(2017)greatly strengthened,which are the key factors believed to trigger RI.A multi-timescale eddy kinetic energy budget indicates that the wind convergence associated with the intraseasonal circulation and monsoon trough led to barotropic energy conversion that largely enhanced the synoptic-scale cyclonic circulation.Besides,the pronounced increases in midlevel relative humidity(RH)and surface latent heat flux(LHF)were observed upshear before RI onset,which were primarily driven by the strong intraseasonal and synoptic-scale RH anomalies and the strengthened low-level wind speed,respectively.The increased LHF and midlevel RH,together with the enhanced downshear confluence between synoptic-scale and Intraseasonal Oscillation(ISO)/low-frequency winds,could have helped the intensification of asymmetric convection that supports RI onset.Overall,this study suggests that the interactions across multiple timescales may create favorable dynamic and thermodynamic conditions that promoted RI onset,offering new insights into RI processes for highly asymmetric tropical cyclones like Hato(2017).展开更多
Existing quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping had low efficiency in identifying small-effect and closely linked QTL-by-environment interactions(QEIs)in recombinant inbred lines(RILs),especially in the era of global cl...Existing quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping had low efficiency in identifying small-effect and closely linked QTL-by-environment interactions(QEIs)in recombinant inbred lines(RILs),especially in the era of global climate change.To address this challenge,here we integrate the compressed variance component mixed model with our GCIM to propose 3vGCIM for identifying QEIs in RILs,and extend 3vGCIM-random to 3vGCIM-fixed.3vGCIM integrates genome-wide scanning with machine learning,significantly improving power.In the mixed full model,we consider all possible effects and control for all possible polygenic backgrounds.In simulation studies,3vGCIM exhibits higher power(∼92.00%),higher accuracy of the estimates for QTL position(∼1.900 cM2)and effect(∼0.050),and lower false positive rate(∼0.48‰)and false negative rate(<8.10%)in three environments of 300 RILs each than ICIM(47.57%;3.607 cM2,0.583;2.81‰;52.43%)and MCIM(60.30%;5.279 cM2,0.274;2.17‰;39.70%).In the real data analysis of rice yield-related traits in 240 RILs,3vGCIM mines more known genes(57–60)and known gene-by-environment interactions(GEIs)(14–19)and candidate GEIs(21–23)than ICIM(27,2,and 7),and MCIM(21,1,and 3),especially in small-effect and linked QTLs and QEIs.This makes 3vGCIM a powerful and sensitive tool for QTL mapping and molecular QTL mapping.展开更多
A limited understanding of the feeding habits of ecosystem service providers is a notable obstacle to the deployment of natural enemies in pest management.Understanding the dietary diversity of predators can enhance c...A limited understanding of the feeding habits of ecosystem service providers is a notable obstacle to the deployment of natural enemies in pest management.Understanding the dietary diversity of predators can enhance conservation strategies and assess their effects on pest populations.In this study,we used metabarcoding of DNA extracted from the gut contents of an artificially released generalist predator,Eocanthecona furcellata,collected from tobacco cultivation fields in Yunnan Province,China.We aimed to investigate prey composition,selectivity,and efficiency of biological control.Among the individuals of E.furcellata,we detected diverse potential prey,comprising 53 insect species across 28 families and seven orders.Several agricultural pests,including Spodoptera exigua,S.litura,Helicoverpa armigera,and Agrotis segetum,were identified.Diptera are important in the diet of E.furcellata,with 22 species from 14 families accounting for 52.2%of the observed predation events.Eocanthecona furcellata consumed certain beneficial predators present in the tobacco fields,such as carabid beetles,hoverflies,wasps,and lacewings,although the incidence was generally low,except for Syrphidae.Our findings revealed previously unidentified trophic linkages involving E.furcellata with pest species and other biological control agents,as well as highlighting the critical role of neutral insects in shaping the dietary spectrum of E.furcellata in tobacco fields.This study establishes an important foundation for integrating metabarcoding technology into biological control research,particularly for elucidating trophic interactions between natural insect enemies and their prey.展开更多
The complex aerodynamic interaction between tandem tilt-wing and multi-rotor directly affects the wing surface flow and rotor thrust,making it a critical factor during the tilt transition process of this configuration...The complex aerodynamic interaction between tandem tilt-wing and multi-rotor directly affects the wing surface flow and rotor thrust,making it a critical factor during the tilt transition process of this configuration of rotorcraft.The aerodynamic interaction of tandem tilt-wing and multi-rotor is investigated based on the CFD method.The aerodynamic effect of multi tilt-rotor is simulated as virtual disk modeling by adding source terms to the Navier-Stokes equations,effectively reducing the calculation time while maintaining the accuracy of aerodynamic interaction calculations.Aerodynamic forces and flow field characteristics of the tandem tilt-wing and multi-rotor under different tilt angles are compared between cases with and without aerodynamic interaction.Furthermore,the differences in aerodynamic forces between dynamic tilt transition and fixed-angle conditions were compared.The results show that the aerodynamic interaction of multi-rotor obviously increases the lift of front tilt-wing at different tilt angles,the wing lift under interaction is increased by more than 40%compared with isolated wing at tilt angle of 15°for the computation in this paper,which is related to the increase of wing flow velocity and the suppression of flow separation caused by multi-rotor;the wing blocking effect will increase rotor thrust,especially near the tilt angles of 30°and 45°;the increases of rear wing lift and rear rotor thrust under aerodynamic interaction are not significant because of suppression by the front wing’s downwash;the unsteady effects during dynamic tilting have a relatively minor impact on aerodynamic interaction,with the aerodynamic forces on the rotors and wings during the dynamic tilting process showing little difference from those under corresponding fixed tilt angles.展开更多
The Gangdese magmatic belt is ideal for studying crustal growth/reworking and crustmantle interaction processes.In this study,we report a newly identified late Early Eocene granitic pluton and mafic microgranular encl...The Gangdese magmatic belt is ideal for studying crustal growth/reworking and crustmantle interaction processes.In this study,we report a newly identified late Early Eocene granitic pluton and mafic microgranular enclaves(MMEs)in the Middle Gangdese magmatic belt.The MMEs hosted within the granitic pluton display fine-grained textures and contain more mafic minerals(amphibole and clinopyroxene)than the host pluton.The sharp contacts and fine-grained textures of the MMEs as well as acicular apatite crystals indicate a rapid quenching process.Zircon UPb dating results indicate that the host pluton formed ca.48.41±0.29 Ma(MSWD=0.58),and MMEs crystallized at 48.94±0.56 Ma(MSWD=2.9),potentially suggesting a crust-mantle interaction process during the late Early Eocene.Geochemically,the host pluton has variable silica contents(SiO_(2))of 58.67 wt.%–64.65 wt.%,Mg^(#)values of 42–58,and low aluminum saturation ratios(A/CNK=0.81–0.91)that show an I-type granitic affinity.Additionally,the host pluton is characterized by enrichment of light rare earth elements(LREEs)and large ion lithophile elements(LILEs),and depletion of high field strength elements(HFSEs)that show arc-type geochemical features.Like the host pluton,the MMEs also show arc-type geochemical features characterized by enrichment of LREEs and LILEs but depletion of HFSEs.Isotopically,the host pluton and associated MMEs both have depleted Hf isotopic compositions Additionally,the host pluton and MMEs have low Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratios of 18.48–114.29 and 2.59–36.45,resembling Chilean ore-barren granitoid rocks.Integrated with petrological and whole-rock geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic features,we argue that the host pluton originated from partial melting of juvenile mafic lower crust with the contribution of mantle-derived materials.The MMEs were derived from partial melting of depleted mantle and was a product of two end-member magmas mixing.Based on the previous studies,we argue that the late Early Eocene magmatism and crust-mantle interaction were related to the breakoff the Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab,and further propose that crustal large-scale thickening might begin during the Middle–Late Eocene in the Gangdese magmatic belt rather than the Early Eocene.展开更多
Porous hydrogel sensors have attracted significant attention in fields such as smart wearables and medical monitoring due to their high sensitivity.However,existing fabrication methods typically degrade the surface sm...Porous hydrogel sensors have attracted significant attention in fields such as smart wearables and medical monitoring due to their high sensitivity.However,existing fabrication methods typically degrade the surface smoothness of hydrogels when introducing porous structures and face significant challenges in removing fillers completely.To address these challenges,we herein introduce a novel one-step,thermosensitive spray-coating technique for the preparation of aircell hydrogel(ACH).This method leverages the rapid cooling of a thermoresponsive gelatin methacryloyl solution through atomization,enabling rapid cross-linking within seconds and air bubbles encapsulated in situ.Additionally,the transient flow of the pre-gel facilitates the repair of voids formed by ruptured surface bubbles,leading to the creation of the ACH with uniformly distributed inner air bubbles and a smooth outer surface.The mold-free fabrication method is independent of substrate surface properties,enabling the creation of a porous hydrogel film with a thickness as thin as 163 µm.Furthermore,the dual-crosslinked network endows the ACH with excellent anti-swelling properties,and the physical crosslinking between gelatin molecules allows the ACH to self-heal.The ACH exhibits excellent sensitivity in deformation sensing and can even successfully track minor external forces,which enables it to effectively complete various tasks such as facial expression recognition,pitch differentiation,and motion detection.By integrating the ACH into a sensing glove,we also demonstrate the significant potential of the ACH for applications in human-machine interaction and tactile sensing.Ultimately,the ACH sensors are also applied to motion mapping and machine tactile feedback,indicating their promising potential in human-machine interaction.展开更多
The antioxidant activity of selenium-containing soybean peptides(SePPs)has been previously demonstrated,despite their limited absorption in the small intestine.This study investigates the antioxidant mechanism of a se...The antioxidant activity of selenium-containing soybean peptides(SePPs)has been previously demonstrated,despite their limited absorption in the small intestine.This study investigates the antioxidant mechanism of a selenium-containing tetrapeptide,Ser-Phe-Gln-SeM(SFQSeM),identified from SePPs,with particular emphasis on its interaction with the intestinal microbiota and its role in modulating host antioxidant defenses.The effects of SFQSeM were evaluated in a D-galactose-induced oxidative stress model and an antibiotictreated mouse model.SFQSeM supplementation significantly reduced the oxidative stress in D-galactosetreated mice.It also promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria and increased the levels of acetate,butyrate and lactate in the intestine(P<0.05).In the antibiotic-treated mouse model,depletion of the intestinal microbiota significantly reduced hepatic glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity(26.6%)and glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx-1)expression(48.77%)compared to normal mice supplemented with SFQSeM(P<0.05).In contrast to Na_(2)SeO_(3)and selenomethionine,SFQSeM effectively restored the diversity of the intestinal microbiota disrupted by antibiotics.Lactobacillus,Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,and Muribaculaceae were identified as predominant bacteria in the SFQSeM group,and were strongly associated with increased hepatic GSH-Px activity and GPx-1 mRNA expression(P<0.05).In conclusion,intestinal microbiota enhances the antioxidant efficacy of SFQSeM by modulating microbial composition,producing active metabolites,and converting SFQSeM into a bioactive form of selenium.展开更多
Numerical simulations and theoretical models are developed in this paper for the Detonation-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interactions(DWBLIs)under reflections.Transient flow fields demonstrate the highly non-stationarity of th...Numerical simulations and theoretical models are developed in this paper for the Detonation-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interactions(DWBLIs)under reflections.Transient flow fields demonstrate the highly non-stationarity of the DWBLIs when Mach Reflection(MR)occur,and subsequent analyses show that the subsonic region introduced by the boundary layer exacerbates the instability.Further quantitative analyses show that viscosity has little effect on propulsive performance and the separation wave can be considered as an oblique detonation wave.Influence parameters to DWBLIs such as combustion chamber height,incoming Mach number,equivalence ratio,and inlet channel length are categorized and studied.Besides simulations,theoretical analytical modeling is established for Regular Reflection(RR)and MR of DWBLIs.Multiple formulas for the separation zone length are obtained according to the mass conservation under different transformation type between inviscid and viscid reflections.Comparison with the numerical simulations verifies the validity of the model and it can be further generalized to the curved DWBLIs.The developed model makes the theoretical solution process of DWBLIs possible and provides the key foundation for further analysis and solution.展开更多
Understanding the deterioration behaviors and mechanisms of rocks under thermo-hydromechanical(THM)interactions is crucial for mitigating slope instability.In this study,the physicomechanical properties of silty mudst...Understanding the deterioration behaviors and mechanisms of rocks under thermo-hydromechanical(THM)interactions is crucial for mitigating slope instability.In this study,the physicomechanical properties of silty mudstone subjected to THM interactions were investigated by triaxial tests.The underlying micro-mechanisms were revealed using microscopic tests.The triaxial test results indicate that the strength parameters of silty mudstone decrease by 89.50%(deformation modulus),78.15%(peak strength),70.58%(cohesion),and 48.65%(friction angle)under 16 THM cycles,a load of 300 kPa,and alternating between 0℃water immersion and 60℃drying.The SEM test results indicate that the deterioration of silty mudstone strength primarily results from hydrothermal-expansion softening and cracking driven by the TLHM interactions.The specimens manifest shear failure under confining pressure exceeding 140 kPa.Furthermore,a new constitutive model considering hydrothermalexpansion strain and non-linear deformation characteristics was developed.The discrepancy between the experimentally measured peak strength and the damage constitutive model prediction remains below 5%.The proposed model is verified to be in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results.The self-designed THM apparatus overcomes the limitations of traditional investigations,enabling simultaneous consideration of thermal,hydraulic,and mechanical interactions.展开更多
文摘We review recent advances in the finite element method (FEM) simulations of interactions between waves and structures. Our focus is on the potential theory with the fully nonlinear or second-order boundary condition. The present paper has six sections. A review of previous work on interactions between waves and ocean structures is presented in Section one. Section two gives the mathematical formulation. In Section three, the finite element discretization, mesh generation and the finite element linear system solution methods are described. Section four presents numerical methods including time marching schemes, computation of velocity, remeshing and smoothing techniques and numerical radiation conditions. The application of the FEM to the wave-structure interactions are presented in Section five followed by the concluding remarks in Section six.
文摘The suitability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for marine renewable energy research and development and in particular for simulating extreme wave interaction with a wave energy converter (WEC) is considered. Fully nonlinear time domain CFD is often considered to be an expensive and computationally intensive option for marine hydrodynamics and frequency-based methods are traditionally preferred by the industry. However, CFD models capture more of the physics of wave-structure interaction, and whereas traditional frequency domain approaches are restricted to linear motions, fully nonlinear CFD can simulate wave breaking and overtopping. Furthermore, with continuing advances in computing power and speed and the development of new algorithms for CFD, it is becoming a more popular option for design applications in the marine environment. In this work, different CFD approaches of increasing novelty are assessed: two commercial CFD packages incorporating recent advances in high resolution free surface flow simulation;a finite volume based Euler equation model with a shock capturing technique for the free surface;and meshless Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. These different approaches to fully nonlinear time domain simulation of free surface flow and wave structure interaction are applied to test cases of increasing complexity and the results compared with experimental data. Results are presented for regular wave interaction with a fixed horizontal cylinder, wave generation by a cone in driven vertical motion at the free surface and extreme wave interaction with a bobbing float (The Manchester Bobber WEC). The numerical results generally show good agreement with the physical experiments and simulate the wave-structure interaction and wave loading satisfactorily. The grid-based methods are shown to be generally less able than the meshless SPH to capture jet formation at the face of the cone, the resolution of the jet being grid dependent.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51879159,51490675,11432009,and 51579145)Chang Jiang Scholars Program(T2014099)+3 种基金Shanghai Excellent Academic Leaders Program(17XD1402300)Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning(2013022)Innovative Special Project of Numerical Tank of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China(2016-23/09)Lloyd’s Register Foundation for doctoral student
文摘Nowadays,an increasing number of ships and marine structures are manufactured and inevitably operated in rough sea.As a result,some phenomena related to the violent fluid-elastic structure interactions(e.g.,hydrodynamic slamming on marine vessels,tsunami impact on onshore structures,and sloshing in liquid containers)have aroused huge challenges to ocean engineering fields.In this paper,the moving particle semi-implicit(MPS)method and finite element method(FEM)coupled method is proposed for use in numerical investigations of the interaction between a regular wave and a horizontal suspended structure.The fluid domain calculated by the MPS method is dispersed into fluid particles,and the structure domain solved by the FEM method is dispersed into beam elements.The generation of the 2D regular wave is firstly conducted,and convergence verification is performed to determine appropriate particle spacing for the simulation.Next,the regular wave interacting with a rigid structure is initially performed and verified through the comparison with the laboratory experiments.By verification,the MPS-FEM coupled method can be applied to fluid-structure interaction(FSI)problems with waves.On this basis,taking the flexibility of structure into consideration,the elastic dynamic response of the structure subjected to the wave slamming is investigated,including the evolutions of the free surface,the variation of the wave impact pressures,the velocity distribution,and the structural deformation response.By comparison with the rigid case,the effects of the structural flexibility on wave-elastic structure interaction can be obtained.
文摘We briefly review the recent progress in marine hydrodynamics.Developments in wave-structure interaction,wave-current interaction,Rogue waves,sloshing in liquid tanks and their applications in ocean engineering,such as Floating Production Storage and Offloading facility(FPSO) and Very Large Floating Structure(VLFS),are presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372233)the Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University,China(No.25GH01020005)the“111 Project”of China(No.B17037)。
文摘As a multidisciplinary phenomenon,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow is featured by two primary interactions:Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSIs)and Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions(SBLIs).The former raises structural concerns,and the latter is of aerodynamic interest.Thus,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow represents a vital topic for the development and optimization of supersonic vehicles and propulsion systems.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the methodologies applied to capture structural and fluid dynamics,including theoretical models,numerical simulations,and wind tunnel experiments.The application of data-driven modal decomposition,an advanced technique to extract physically crucial features,on the topic is introduced.From the perspective of FSIs,the distinctive aeroelastic behaviors in shock-dominated flow,including hysteresis phenomena and nonlinear responses,are highlighted.From the perspective of SBLIs,the modifications in their spatial and temporal characteristics imposed by the aeroelastic responses are emphasized.Motivated by the interaction between the shock waves and structural response,different strategies have been proposed to implement aeroelastic suppression and shock control,which have the potential to enhance structural safety and aerodynamic performance in the next generation of high-speed flight vehicles.
基金funded by 2023 Chongqing medical scientific research project(Joint project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureaugrant no.2023GGXM006)+12 种基金oint project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau(Joint Key Laboratory Open Project)(No.2026KFXM051)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.CSTB2025NSCO-GPX1116)2026 Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project(No.2026WSJK158),Technological Innovation Project of Shapingba District,Chongqing(No.2025016)2024 Scientific research project of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College(No.ygzrc2024101)Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Youth Project(No.KJQN202402821No.KJQN202502819)2024 Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College Innovation Research Group Project(No.ygz2024401)Science and Health Joint Medical Research Project of Shapingba District,Chongqing(No.2024SQKWLHMS051)2025 Scientific research project of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College(No.YGZZK2025116)2025 Technological Innovation Project of Shapingba District,Chongqing(No.2025031)Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Youth Project(No.KJQN202402821No.KJQN202302811)Joint project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau(No.2024MSXM115)respectively.
文摘Host-yeast interactions are fundamental drivers of human microbiome dynamics,spanning a spectrum from mutualistic symbiosis to opportunistic pathogenesis with profound implications for systemic health.This review systematically elucidates the complex molecular mechanisms governing these relationships,with a specific focus on metabolic interdependence and immunomodulation.We analyze how yeast-derived metabolites,particularly short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),modulate host glucose and lipid homeostasis via signaling pathways such as GPR41/43 and GLP-1 secretion.Furthermore,the review explores the pathophysiological role of fungal dysbiosis in chronic conditions,including obesity,diabetes,and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),highlighting how a breakdown in host-yeast homeostasis triggers pro-inflammatory cascades.Beyond the fungal-host axis,we introduce the concept of the"mycobiome-virome-bacterial axis,"discussing how commensal yeasts synergize with beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium and influence viral infectivity through Interferon-mediated innate immune priming.We critically evaluate how cutting-edge technologies-including transgenic mouse models(specifically Dectin-1^(-/-)and CARD9^(-/-),metabolomics,and single-cell sequencing-have revolutionized our mechanistic understanding of these multi-kingdom dynamics.By integrating current findings,we identify critical knowledge gaps and propose high-resolution research frameworks,such as humanized organ-on-a-chip systems,to simulate intricate host-microbe interactions under physiological flow conditions.This comprehensive synthesis provides a strategic foundation for developing targeted,next-generation microbiome-based interventions to restore host-yeast balance and enhance overall human health.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22308279)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515110695)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.2023NSCQMSX2773).
文摘As a common electronic adhesive,ultraviolet(UV)curing polyurethane acrylate adhesive has both flexibility and wear resistance of polyurethane,excellent weather resistance and optical properties of acrylate.Despite the extensive applications,it is still difficult to solve the problems caused by the shrinkage of adhesive.Here,a new type of photosensitive adhesive for bonding electronic components based on supramolecular interaction was designed and synthesized.The supramolecular interaction of cyclodextrin and adamantane moieties introduced into the adhesive polymer entitles the viscosity of the adhesive to rise rapidly during use,thereby preventing adhesive loss and dislocation of electronic components.UV light could further cure the adhesive and position the electronic components.The adhesive shrunk<2%when cured by UV light,so it can be used for electronic packaging and high-resolution,defect-free lithography.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2442206,42205067,and 41922035)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFC3013100)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS(Grant No.QYZDB-SSW-DQC017).
文摘This study reveals the critical role of multiscale interaction within the westerly wind bursts(WWBs)west of the MJO convection in modulating the prediction skill for the November MJO event during the DYNAMO(Dynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation)field campaign.The characteristics of the MJO convection envelope are obtained by the largescale precipitation tracking method,and a novel metric is introduced to quantify the prediction skill for the MJO convection in the ECMWF reforecast.The ECMWF forecast exhibits approximately 17 days in skillful prediction for the MJO convection—significantly lower than that derived from the global measure.The reforecast ensembles are further classified into high and low skill catalogs based on the mean prediction skill during the observed WWBs period.High-skill ensembles exhibit significantly enhanced low-level westerlies,amplified MJO convection,and reduced spatial separation between the low-level westerlies and MJO convection during the WWBs period,indicating stronger coupling between the large-scale circulation and the convection.Mechanistic analysis reveals that enhanced westerlies in high-skill ensembles can transfer more high-frequency energy to the MJO convection through the flux convergence of interaction energy for MJO convection development,resulting in better prediction skill.
基金financial support from National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0704002,2018YFE0202300,2023YFA1607500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22174152,21991081,2204167,21505153,21675170,2147514621735007,and 22204167)+2 种基金Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2023AFA041)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0540300)Funding of Wuhan Special Project for Knowledge Innovation(2023020201010085).
文摘Cytochrome c(cyt c)is released from mitochondria into the cytosol upon apoptotic stimulation,ultimately triggering programmed cell death.Recent studies have revealed that transfer RNA(tRNA)interacts with cyt c,impeding the formation of the apoptosome complex and thereby suppressing apoptosis.To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between cyt c and tRNA,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based chemical shift perturbation and intensity analysis were employed to characterize the binding interface between cyt c and tRNAphe.The findings demonstrate that cyt c primarily engages with tRNAphe through its 70–85Ω-loop and N-terminalα-helix.This interaction sterically hinders the accessibility of small molecules,such as H_(2)O_(2),to the hydrophobic pocket of cyt c,consequently attenuating its peroxidase activity.Furthermore,oxidative modification of cyt c,particularly the carbonylation of positively charged lysine residues,weakens this interaction.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271661,32130068).
文摘Local Climate Zones(LCZs)provide a standardized framework for analyzing urban thermal environment.Examining the interactive effects of building and green space patterns on land surface temperature(LST)within LCZs is essential for uncovering urban cooling mechanisms and developing strategies for heat-mitigation urban design.Therefore,this study employed one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison to test compare the significant differences of LST among LCZs 1-6,and applied the XGBoost model to quantify the interactive effects of building and green space indicators on LST,and to identify the threshold ranges of their cooling effects.The results showed that LCZ 2 exhibited the highest LST,while LCZ 4 recorded the lowest.Average building volume(BAV),building coverage ratio(BCR),green cover area(GCA),and the total edge length of green space(GTE)were identified as the key indicators driving the interactive effects on LST.In LCZ 2,when BAV exceeded 1800 m^(3),the interaction of higher GCA and GTE contributed to lower LST.When BCR was less than 0.6 in LCZs 4-5,lower GCA and GTE values enhanced the LST reduction.The results provided a strategic basis for urban thermal environment mitigation and sustainable development under the LCZ framework.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFF0807000)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42305004,42175073 and 42175013)supported partly by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M743283).
文摘Using observational and reanalysis datasets,this study explores the mechanisms by which the interactions among multi-timescale flows impacted the onset of rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Hato(2017).Hato(2017)formed within a northwest–southeast-oriented synoptic-scale(with periods<10 days)wave train,concurring with a developing intraseasonal(10–90 days)oscillation and an elongated low-frequency(>90 days)monsoon trough in the western North Pacific.Impacted by continuously increasing vertical wind shear,the TC long maintained a highly asymmetric convective structure.Prior to RI onset,the synoptic-scale circulation and the inner-core asymmetric convection of Hato(2017)greatly strengthened,which are the key factors believed to trigger RI.A multi-timescale eddy kinetic energy budget indicates that the wind convergence associated with the intraseasonal circulation and monsoon trough led to barotropic energy conversion that largely enhanced the synoptic-scale cyclonic circulation.Besides,the pronounced increases in midlevel relative humidity(RH)and surface latent heat flux(LHF)were observed upshear before RI onset,which were primarily driven by the strong intraseasonal and synoptic-scale RH anomalies and the strengthened low-level wind speed,respectively.The increased LHF and midlevel RH,together with the enhanced downshear confluence between synoptic-scale and Intraseasonal Oscillation(ISO)/low-frequency winds,could have helped the intensification of asymmetric convection that supports RI onset.Overall,this study suggests that the interactions across multiple timescales may create favorable dynamic and thermodynamic conditions that promoted RI onset,offering new insights into RI processes for highly asymmetric tropical cyclones like Hato(2017).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270673 and 32470657).
文摘Existing quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping had low efficiency in identifying small-effect and closely linked QTL-by-environment interactions(QEIs)in recombinant inbred lines(RILs),especially in the era of global climate change.To address this challenge,here we integrate the compressed variance component mixed model with our GCIM to propose 3vGCIM for identifying QEIs in RILs,and extend 3vGCIM-random to 3vGCIM-fixed.3vGCIM integrates genome-wide scanning with machine learning,significantly improving power.In the mixed full model,we consider all possible effects and control for all possible polygenic backgrounds.In simulation studies,3vGCIM exhibits higher power(∼92.00%),higher accuracy of the estimates for QTL position(∼1.900 cM2)and effect(∼0.050),and lower false positive rate(∼0.48‰)and false negative rate(<8.10%)in three environments of 300 RILs each than ICIM(47.57%;3.607 cM2,0.583;2.81‰;52.43%)and MCIM(60.30%;5.279 cM2,0.274;2.17‰;39.70%).In the real data analysis of rice yield-related traits in 240 RILs,3vGCIM mines more known genes(57–60)and known gene-by-environment interactions(GEIs)(14–19)and candidate GEIs(21–23)than ICIM(27,2,and 7),and MCIM(21,1,and 3),especially in small-effect and linked QTLs and QEIs.This makes 3vGCIM a powerful and sensitive tool for QTL mapping and molecular QTL mapping.
基金supported by the Pests and Diseases Green Prevention and Control Major Special Project(Nos.110202101049[LS-09],110202201018[LS-02])the Key Project of Science and Technology Plan of Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation(Nos.2022530000241019,2022530000241021)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘A limited understanding of the feeding habits of ecosystem service providers is a notable obstacle to the deployment of natural enemies in pest management.Understanding the dietary diversity of predators can enhance conservation strategies and assess their effects on pest populations.In this study,we used metabarcoding of DNA extracted from the gut contents of an artificially released generalist predator,Eocanthecona furcellata,collected from tobacco cultivation fields in Yunnan Province,China.We aimed to investigate prey composition,selectivity,and efficiency of biological control.Among the individuals of E.furcellata,we detected diverse potential prey,comprising 53 insect species across 28 families and seven orders.Several agricultural pests,including Spodoptera exigua,S.litura,Helicoverpa armigera,and Agrotis segetum,were identified.Diptera are important in the diet of E.furcellata,with 22 species from 14 families accounting for 52.2%of the observed predation events.Eocanthecona furcellata consumed certain beneficial predators present in the tobacco fields,such as carabid beetles,hoverflies,wasps,and lacewings,although the incidence was generally low,except for Syrphidae.Our findings revealed previously unidentified trophic linkages involving E.furcellata with pest species and other biological control agents,as well as highlighting the critical role of neutral insects in shaping the dietary spectrum of E.furcellata in tobacco fields.This study establishes an important foundation for integrating metabarcoding technology into biological control research,particularly for elucidating trophic interactions between natural insect enemies and their prey.
基金supported by the National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics Fund(No.2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-093-05).
文摘The complex aerodynamic interaction between tandem tilt-wing and multi-rotor directly affects the wing surface flow and rotor thrust,making it a critical factor during the tilt transition process of this configuration of rotorcraft.The aerodynamic interaction of tandem tilt-wing and multi-rotor is investigated based on the CFD method.The aerodynamic effect of multi tilt-rotor is simulated as virtual disk modeling by adding source terms to the Navier-Stokes equations,effectively reducing the calculation time while maintaining the accuracy of aerodynamic interaction calculations.Aerodynamic forces and flow field characteristics of the tandem tilt-wing and multi-rotor under different tilt angles are compared between cases with and without aerodynamic interaction.Furthermore,the differences in aerodynamic forces between dynamic tilt transition and fixed-angle conditions were compared.The results show that the aerodynamic interaction of multi-rotor obviously increases the lift of front tilt-wing at different tilt angles,the wing lift under interaction is increased by more than 40%compared with isolated wing at tilt angle of 15°for the computation in this paper,which is related to the increase of wing flow velocity and the suppression of flow separation caused by multi-rotor;the wing blocking effect will increase rotor thrust,especially near the tilt angles of 30°and 45°;the increases of rear wing lift and rear rotor thrust under aerodynamic interaction are not significant because of suppression by the front wing’s downwash;the unsteady effects during dynamic tilting have a relatively minor impact on aerodynamic interaction,with the aerodynamic forces on the rotors and wings during the dynamic tilting process showing little difference from those under corresponding fixed tilt angles.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2344202)Taishan Talented Project(No.tstp20240514)Government Foundation of Rizhao City(No.SDGP371100202102000475)。
文摘The Gangdese magmatic belt is ideal for studying crustal growth/reworking and crustmantle interaction processes.In this study,we report a newly identified late Early Eocene granitic pluton and mafic microgranular enclaves(MMEs)in the Middle Gangdese magmatic belt.The MMEs hosted within the granitic pluton display fine-grained textures and contain more mafic minerals(amphibole and clinopyroxene)than the host pluton.The sharp contacts and fine-grained textures of the MMEs as well as acicular apatite crystals indicate a rapid quenching process.Zircon UPb dating results indicate that the host pluton formed ca.48.41±0.29 Ma(MSWD=0.58),and MMEs crystallized at 48.94±0.56 Ma(MSWD=2.9),potentially suggesting a crust-mantle interaction process during the late Early Eocene.Geochemically,the host pluton has variable silica contents(SiO_(2))of 58.67 wt.%–64.65 wt.%,Mg^(#)values of 42–58,and low aluminum saturation ratios(A/CNK=0.81–0.91)that show an I-type granitic affinity.Additionally,the host pluton is characterized by enrichment of light rare earth elements(LREEs)and large ion lithophile elements(LILEs),and depletion of high field strength elements(HFSEs)that show arc-type geochemical features.Like the host pluton,the MMEs also show arc-type geochemical features characterized by enrichment of LREEs and LILEs but depletion of HFSEs.Isotopically,the host pluton and associated MMEs both have depleted Hf isotopic compositions Additionally,the host pluton and MMEs have low Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratios of 18.48–114.29 and 2.59–36.45,resembling Chilean ore-barren granitoid rocks.Integrated with petrological and whole-rock geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic features,we argue that the host pluton originated from partial melting of juvenile mafic lower crust with the contribution of mantle-derived materials.The MMEs were derived from partial melting of depleted mantle and was a product of two end-member magmas mixing.Based on the previous studies,we argue that the late Early Eocene magmatism and crust-mantle interaction were related to the breakoff the Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab,and further propose that crustal large-scale thickening might begin during the Middle–Late Eocene in the Gangdese magmatic belt rather than the Early Eocene.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0108900)EU HORIZON 2021 L4DNANO(No.101086227)。
文摘Porous hydrogel sensors have attracted significant attention in fields such as smart wearables and medical monitoring due to their high sensitivity.However,existing fabrication methods typically degrade the surface smoothness of hydrogels when introducing porous structures and face significant challenges in removing fillers completely.To address these challenges,we herein introduce a novel one-step,thermosensitive spray-coating technique for the preparation of aircell hydrogel(ACH).This method leverages the rapid cooling of a thermoresponsive gelatin methacryloyl solution through atomization,enabling rapid cross-linking within seconds and air bubbles encapsulated in situ.Additionally,the transient flow of the pre-gel facilitates the repair of voids formed by ruptured surface bubbles,leading to the creation of the ACH with uniformly distributed inner air bubbles and a smooth outer surface.The mold-free fabrication method is independent of substrate surface properties,enabling the creation of a porous hydrogel film with a thickness as thin as 163 µm.Furthermore,the dual-crosslinked network endows the ACH with excellent anti-swelling properties,and the physical crosslinking between gelatin molecules allows the ACH to self-heal.The ACH exhibits excellent sensitivity in deformation sensing and can even successfully track minor external forces,which enables it to effectively complete various tasks such as facial expression recognition,pitch differentiation,and motion detection.By integrating the ACH into a sensing glove,we also demonstrate the significant potential of the ACH for applications in human-machine interaction and tactile sensing.Ultimately,the ACH sensors are also applied to motion mapping and machine tactile feedback,indicating their promising potential in human-machine interaction.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32502106)One health Interdisciplinary Research Project,Institute of One Health Science,Ningbo University(NBUOH202502)the Ningbo Top Talent Project(215-432094250).
文摘The antioxidant activity of selenium-containing soybean peptides(SePPs)has been previously demonstrated,despite their limited absorption in the small intestine.This study investigates the antioxidant mechanism of a selenium-containing tetrapeptide,Ser-Phe-Gln-SeM(SFQSeM),identified from SePPs,with particular emphasis on its interaction with the intestinal microbiota and its role in modulating host antioxidant defenses.The effects of SFQSeM were evaluated in a D-galactose-induced oxidative stress model and an antibiotictreated mouse model.SFQSeM supplementation significantly reduced the oxidative stress in D-galactosetreated mice.It also promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria and increased the levels of acetate,butyrate and lactate in the intestine(P<0.05).In the antibiotic-treated mouse model,depletion of the intestinal microbiota significantly reduced hepatic glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity(26.6%)and glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx-1)expression(48.77%)compared to normal mice supplemented with SFQSeM(P<0.05).In contrast to Na_(2)SeO_(3)and selenomethionine,SFQSeM effectively restored the diversity of the intestinal microbiota disrupted by antibiotics.Lactobacillus,Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,and Muribaculaceae were identified as predominant bacteria in the SFQSeM group,and were strongly associated with increased hepatic GSH-Px activity and GPx-1 mRNA expression(P<0.05).In conclusion,intestinal microbiota enhances the antioxidant efficacy of SFQSeM by modulating microbial composition,producing active metabolites,and converting SFQSeM into a bioactive form of selenium.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A2069,U21B6003,12302389 and 12472337)the Advanced Aero-Power Innovation Workstation,China(No.HKCX2024-01-017)。
文摘Numerical simulations and theoretical models are developed in this paper for the Detonation-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interactions(DWBLIs)under reflections.Transient flow fields demonstrate the highly non-stationarity of the DWBLIs when Mach Reflection(MR)occur,and subsequent analyses show that the subsonic region introduced by the boundary layer exacerbates the instability.Further quantitative analyses show that viscosity has little effect on propulsive performance and the separation wave can be considered as an oblique detonation wave.Influence parameters to DWBLIs such as combustion chamber height,incoming Mach number,equivalence ratio,and inlet channel length are categorized and studied.Besides simulations,theoretical analytical modeling is established for Regular Reflection(RR)and MR of DWBLIs.Multiple formulas for the separation zone length are obtained according to the mass conservation under different transformation type between inviscid and viscid reflections.Comparison with the numerical simulations verifies the validity of the model and it can be further generalized to the curved DWBLIs.The developed model makes the theoretical solution process of DWBLIs possible and provides the key foundation for further analysis and solution.
基金supported by“the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52378440,52078067,52078066,42477143,52408458)the Key Science and Technology Program in the Transportation Industry(2022-MS1-032,2022-MS5-125)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ10045)the Outstanding Innovative Youth Training Program of Changsha City(kq2305023)Scientific Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department(24B0292)Water Resources Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province(XSKJ2023059-41)the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(AB23075184)。
文摘Understanding the deterioration behaviors and mechanisms of rocks under thermo-hydromechanical(THM)interactions is crucial for mitigating slope instability.In this study,the physicomechanical properties of silty mudstone subjected to THM interactions were investigated by triaxial tests.The underlying micro-mechanisms were revealed using microscopic tests.The triaxial test results indicate that the strength parameters of silty mudstone decrease by 89.50%(deformation modulus),78.15%(peak strength),70.58%(cohesion),and 48.65%(friction angle)under 16 THM cycles,a load of 300 kPa,and alternating between 0℃water immersion and 60℃drying.The SEM test results indicate that the deterioration of silty mudstone strength primarily results from hydrothermal-expansion softening and cracking driven by the TLHM interactions.The specimens manifest shear failure under confining pressure exceeding 140 kPa.Furthermore,a new constitutive model considering hydrothermalexpansion strain and non-linear deformation characteristics was developed.The discrepancy between the experimentally measured peak strength and the damage constitutive model prediction remains below 5%.The proposed model is verified to be in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results.The self-designed THM apparatus overcomes the limitations of traditional investigations,enabling simultaneous consideration of thermal,hydraulic,and mechanical interactions.
