Employing a simple and efficient method of electro-chemical anodization, ZnO nanowire films are fabricated on Zn foil, and an ultraviolet （UV） sensor prototype is formed for investigating the electronic transport th...Employing a simple and efficient method of electro-chemical anodization, ZnO nanowire films are fabricated on Zn foil, and an ultraviolet （UV） sensor prototype is formed for investigating the electronic transport through back-to-back double junctions. The UV （365 nm） responses of surface-contacted ZnO film are provided by I-V measurement, along with the current evolution process by on/off of UV illumination. In this paper, the back-to-back metal-seconductor-metal （M-S-M） model is used to explain the electronic transport of a ZnO nanowire film based structure. A thermionic-field electron emission mechanism is employed to fit and explain the as-observed UV sensitive electronic transport properties of ZnO film with surface-modulation by oxygen and water molecular coverage.展开更多
Seawater desalination is a key technological approach to address the global problem of water scarcity.Spacers in water treatment membrane modules play a critical role in the water treatment process.The use of a spacer...Seawater desalination is a key technological approach to address the global problem of water scarcity.Spacers in water treatment membrane modules play a critical role in the water treatment process.The use of a spacer improves fluid dynamics,enhances heat and mass transfer efficiency,and effectively mitigates concentration polarization,reduces fouling risks,and increases the long-term operational stability of the system as a whole.Although numerous novel spacer designs have been proposed in recent years,their large-scale commercialization still faces significant challenges.This review summarizes the critical strategies for improving hydraulic performance,mitigating scaling issues,and enhancing heat and mass transfer performance of spacers.It focuses on structural innovations that aim to optimize spacer performance and meet the diverse demands of various desalination methods.On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of spacer performance in typical application scenarios,it summarizes the limitations of current research,identifies future research directions,and highlights the potential of novel spacer designs to improve desalination efficiency.This review enhances understanding of the role of spacers in desalination systems and offers new research directions for future developments in seawater desalination technology.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11274082 and 51172194)the Excellent Young Scientist Research Award Fund of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.BS2011CL002)
文摘Employing a simple and efficient method of electro-chemical anodization, ZnO nanowire films are fabricated on Zn foil, and an ultraviolet （UV） sensor prototype is formed for investigating the electronic transport through back-to-back double junctions. The UV （365 nm） responses of surface-contacted ZnO film are provided by I-V measurement, along with the current evolution process by on/off of UV illumination. In this paper, the back-to-back metal-seconductor-metal （M-S-M） model is used to explain the electronic transport of a ZnO nanowire film based structure. A thermionic-field electron emission mechanism is employed to fit and explain the as-observed UV sensitive electronic transport properties of ZnO film with surface-modulation by oxygen and water molecular coverage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China with Grant No.12202392the National Natural Science Foundation of China with Grant No.52476039the General Scientific Research Project of Zhejiang Education Department with Grant No.Y202457111.
文摘Seawater desalination is a key technological approach to address the global problem of water scarcity.Spacers in water treatment membrane modules play a critical role in the water treatment process.The use of a spacer improves fluid dynamics,enhances heat and mass transfer efficiency,and effectively mitigates concentration polarization,reduces fouling risks,and increases the long-term operational stability of the system as a whole.Although numerous novel spacer designs have been proposed in recent years,their large-scale commercialization still faces significant challenges.This review summarizes the critical strategies for improving hydraulic performance,mitigating scaling issues,and enhancing heat and mass transfer performance of spacers.It focuses on structural innovations that aim to optimize spacer performance and meet the diverse demands of various desalination methods.On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of spacer performance in typical application scenarios,it summarizes the limitations of current research,identifies future research directions,and highlights the potential of novel spacer designs to improve desalination efficiency.This review enhances understanding of the role of spacers in desalination systems and offers new research directions for future developments in seawater desalination technology.
