This paper is based on the ongoing studies that examines the notion of producing knowledge and pursuing academic activities under exceptional circumstances.It is argued that academia and scientific institutions are un...This paper is based on the ongoing studies that examines the notion of producing knowledge and pursuing academic activities under exceptional circumstances.It is argued that academia and scientific institutions are under scrutiny in terms of their inde-pendence,neutrality and quality of producing knowledge and sci-entific achievements.In the countries that have lesser chance for freedom of expression and dialogue atmosphere,scientific institu-tions are naturally under less advantage academic conditions.Arguably,they are directly connected to the interests and the will of the state or powerful groups in society.Thus,this paper tries to shed light on the conditions within which universities and aca-demic institutions in war zones and areas besieged by chaos and state failure.The paper is written with a focus on Syria and par-ticularly on North Eastern Self Administration entity of Rojava.The paper tries to look at the challenges that these institutions are facing,in terms frameworks and recognition,freedom of works and limitations,risk of life and safety,and most importantly,the quality of producing knowledge and their academic staff.Another aspect that this paper tries to highlight is the claim of providing new and different style of knowledge productions out of the frame of mainstream style of academia in the world.How alterna-tive and radical modes and methods of teaching and learning can develop in such an environment?What forms of relations between academia and society are developed,and what are the main obstacles in front of these relations?For this purpose,the focus will be on two recently established universities in Rojava,'University of Rojava and Kobane University'.My contribution is based on my experiences of working as an instructor of social and political thoughts at the Institute of Social Sciences at the University of Rojava as well as my multiple visits to the actual Area of Syria and Rojava and conducting interviews with students,staff,and education policy makers in this region.展开更多
龙卷风,本文的标题称Twisters,其通常名称是Tornado,是一个在世界各地都可以见到的灾难性天气状况。但是,美国是龙卷风所特别“钟爱”之地。笔者1997年在美国的明尼苏达州就遇到过一次龙卷风,亲眼目睹一辆小汽车被龙卷风吹离地面,像玩...龙卷风,本文的标题称Twisters,其通常名称是Tornado,是一个在世界各地都可以见到的灾难性天气状况。但是,美国是龙卷风所特别“钟爱”之地。笔者1997年在美国的明尼苏达州就遇到过一次龙卷风,亲眼目睹一辆小汽车被龙卷风吹离地面,像玩具汽车一样在空中飞舞,而后重重地摔到了小河里,溅起的水花有几米高。当时飞沙走石,天昏地暗,我趴在地上,紧紧抱住一个消防水龙头,才算躲过一劫！今读此文,余悸犹在。 本文写得很有文采,其文采是如何获得的? 仔细分析,文章成功运用了以下两种修辞: 1/明喻(simile): …where aluminum siding was wrapped like tinsel(金银丝织品)aroundtrees. …Beams were shredded(切碎)like paper and bent like question marksaround trees and shrubs. 2/引用(quotation): “My first thought was,‘Gee I’m out of a job.’”(这是一个工人看见自己的工厂被夷为平地后的心声！) “But in some places it doesn’t really matter because there’s nothing left toplug in,”(这是一名emergency worker对灾后通电的评价) 作为“快餐文化”的网上短文,行文粗拙之处也随处可见。如:It’s like thisthing just cut a swath(本义:收割的刈痕)across a huge area.这句话就很不规范。展开更多
文摘This paper is based on the ongoing studies that examines the notion of producing knowledge and pursuing academic activities under exceptional circumstances.It is argued that academia and scientific institutions are under scrutiny in terms of their inde-pendence,neutrality and quality of producing knowledge and sci-entific achievements.In the countries that have lesser chance for freedom of expression and dialogue atmosphere,scientific institu-tions are naturally under less advantage academic conditions.Arguably,they are directly connected to the interests and the will of the state or powerful groups in society.Thus,this paper tries to shed light on the conditions within which universities and aca-demic institutions in war zones and areas besieged by chaos and state failure.The paper is written with a focus on Syria and par-ticularly on North Eastern Self Administration entity of Rojava.The paper tries to look at the challenges that these institutions are facing,in terms frameworks and recognition,freedom of works and limitations,risk of life and safety,and most importantly,the quality of producing knowledge and their academic staff.Another aspect that this paper tries to highlight is the claim of providing new and different style of knowledge productions out of the frame of mainstream style of academia in the world.How alterna-tive and radical modes and methods of teaching and learning can develop in such an environment?What forms of relations between academia and society are developed,and what are the main obstacles in front of these relations?For this purpose,the focus will be on two recently established universities in Rojava,'University of Rojava and Kobane University'.My contribution is based on my experiences of working as an instructor of social and political thoughts at the Institute of Social Sciences at the University of Rojava as well as my multiple visits to the actual Area of Syria and Rojava and conducting interviews with students,staff,and education policy makers in this region.
文摘龙卷风,本文的标题称Twisters,其通常名称是Tornado,是一个在世界各地都可以见到的灾难性天气状况。但是,美国是龙卷风所特别“钟爱”之地。笔者1997年在美国的明尼苏达州就遇到过一次龙卷风,亲眼目睹一辆小汽车被龙卷风吹离地面,像玩具汽车一样在空中飞舞,而后重重地摔到了小河里,溅起的水花有几米高。当时飞沙走石,天昏地暗,我趴在地上,紧紧抱住一个消防水龙头,才算躲过一劫！今读此文,余悸犹在。 本文写得很有文采,其文采是如何获得的? 仔细分析,文章成功运用了以下两种修辞: 1/明喻(simile): …where aluminum siding was wrapped like tinsel(金银丝织品)aroundtrees. …Beams were shredded(切碎)like paper and bent like question marksaround trees and shrubs. 2/引用(quotation): “My first thought was,‘Gee I’m out of a job.’”(这是一个工人看见自己的工厂被夷为平地后的心声！) “But in some places it doesn’t really matter because there’s nothing left toplug in,”(这是一名emergency worker对灾后通电的评价) 作为“快餐文化”的网上短文,行文粗拙之处也随处可见。如:It’s like thisthing just cut a swath(本义:收割的刈痕)across a huge area.这句话就很不规范。
