Walnuts are rich in a variety of nutritional components.However,due to their high content of unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs),the quality of walnuts tends to decline during storage,which adversely affects the development...Walnuts are rich in a variety of nutritional components.However,due to their high content of unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs),the quality of walnuts tends to decline during storage,which adversely affects the development of the walnut industry.This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of temperature and packaging methods on the storage quality and oxidative stability of walnuts.The Wen 185 walnut variety was selected,and the physical-chemical and nutritional indexes of walnuts stored for 42 weeks under different temperatures(18℃,4℃,and room temperature)and packaging methods(vacuum light-exposed,vacuum light-proof,vacuum-ra-diation light-exposed,vacuum-radiation light-proof,nitrogen-filled light-exposed,nitrogen-filled light-proof)were measured.The results showed that low temperatures,especially18℃,in combination with vacuum lightproof packaging,could effectively suppress the increase in oxidative stability indicators such as acid value(AV)and peroxide value(PV),and maintain high retention rates of nutritional indicators like tocopherol and phytosterol.This study has elucidated that low temperatures and appropriate packaging methods play the crucial roles in maintaining the quality and oxidative stability of walnuts during storage.It has provided comprehensive and valuable data support and theoretical basis for the scientific storage of walnuts,contributing to the devel-opment of the walnut industry and the guarantee of product quality.展开更多
To reveal the characteristic chemicals of walnuts from different origins, we analyzed fatty acid composition,tocopherols, phytosterols and total phenolic content (TPC) of walnuts from three main producing regions inCh...To reveal the characteristic chemicals of walnuts from different origins, we analyzed fatty acid composition,tocopherols, phytosterols and total phenolic content (TPC) of walnuts from three main producing regions inChina. The results showed that walnuts were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 fattyacids was close to the recommendation of Chinese Nutrition Society. Moreover, walnuts contain high contents oftocopherols (331.20–414.71 mg/kg), phytosterols (97.17–110.35 mg/100 g) and phenols (38.51–48.08 mg GAE/kg). Significant chemical differences exist among walnuts from three production regions. The highest content ofpolyunsaturated fatty acids was found in walnuts from the northern China, the highest content of tocopherols inwalnuts from southwest China, and the highest contents of phytosterol and TPC in walnuts from northwest China.However, there was no significant difference in the tocopherol, phytosterol and TPC content of walnuts betweenthe Northern China and Northwest China. The above results provide important references for manufacturers andconsumers to select suitable walnut scientifically and reasonably.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to establish an analytical method for the determination of ethephon residue in walnuts by UPLC-MS/MS. [Methods] This study was conducted to establish an analytical method for the ...[Objectives] This study was conducted to establish an analytical method for the determination of ethephon residue in walnuts by UPLC-MS/MS. [Methods] This study was conducted to establish an analytical method for the determination of ethephon residue in walnuts by UPLC-MS/MS. [Results] The limit of quantification was 0.1 mg/kg and the recoveries were 94%-105% with the relative standard deviations of 0.82%-2.64% at the spiked levels of 0.1-5.0 mg/kg. [Conclusions] The accuracy and sensitivity of the method meet the requirements of pesticide residue analysis, and the experimental method is simple to operate.展开更多
Some physical and chemical properties, mineral content and fatty acid compositions of kernel and oils of several walnut types (Büyük Oba, Kaman2, Kaman5) were determined. The oil yields from these kernels ch...Some physical and chemical properties, mineral content and fatty acid compositions of kernel and oils of several walnut types (Büyük Oba, Kaman2, Kaman5) were determined. The oil yields from these kernels changed between 61.4% to 72.8%. The crude fibre contents of ker nels ranged between 3.77% and 3.80%. In add ition, crude protein contents of kernels ranged between 7.05% and 8.10%. While the peroxide values of kernel oils change between 3.18 meq/ Kg and 3.53 meq/Kg, acidity values ranged be tween 0.35% and 0.56%. The main fatty acids of walnut kernel oils were oleic, linoleic, linolenic and palmitic acids. Linoleic acid contents of ker nel oils varied between 49.7% and 55.5%. On the other hand, oleic acid contents ranged between 20.5% and 26.4%. As a result, the present study showed the walnut kernels of the researched species of walnut kernels from Turkey are a potential source of valuable oil which might be used for edible and other industrial applica tions.展开更多
An intelligent walnut recognition system combining acoustic emissions analysis,decision tree and fuzzy inference system(FIS)was developed and tested.In data acquisition part,Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)of impact signal...An intelligent walnut recognition system combining acoustic emissions analysis,decision tree and fuzzy inference system(FIS)was developed and tested.In data acquisition part,Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)of impact signals was measured.Feature was extracted in two ways:using time domain and FFT of impact signal.The 66%of samples were used for training and the remains were used for testing.In selection feature part,the most important feature selected was:average and the second frequency amplitude of FFT.The method is based on the feature generation by FFT and time domain,produce decision tree with J48 algorithm and classification by fuzzy rules.The output of J48 algorithm was employed to produce the crisp if-then rule and membership function(MF)sets.The structure of FIS classifier was then defined based on the crisp sets.The results showed that the total classification accuracy was 94.7%,and the proposed FFT-J48-FIS model can be used in separation of filled walnuts from empty walnuts.展开更多
Place of origin has an important influence on walnut quality and commercial value,which results in the requirement of rapid geographical traceability method.Thus,a method for geographical origin identification of waln...Place of origin has an important influence on walnut quality and commercial value,which results in the requirement of rapid geographical traceability method.Thus,a method for geographical origin identification of walnuts on the basis of nutritional quality of walnuts from China was conducted.The concentrations of 43 phytochemical components were analyzed in walnut samples from five different walnut-producing regions of China.Based on 14 chemical markers selected by the Random Forest method from these phytochemical components,a new discriminant model for geographical origin was built,with the corresponding correct classification rate of 99.3%.In addition,the quantitative quality differences of walnuts from five regions were analyzed,with values of 0.17–1.43.Moreover,the top three chemical markers for the geographical origin discriminant analysis were Mo,V,and stearic acid,with contribution rates of 26.8%,18.9%,and 10.9%,respectively.This study provides a potentially viable method for application in food authentication.展开更多
At the end of Oct.2024,Gyacha County basked under the warm sunlight.Standing within the nearly thousand-year-old renowned walnut forest,the azure sky,accompanied by drifting white clouds,appeared particularly captivat...At the end of Oct.2024,Gyacha County basked under the warm sunlight.Standing within the nearly thousand-year-old renowned walnut forest,the azure sky,accompanied by drifting white clouds,appeared particularly captivating.The occasional thud of walnuts striking the earth heralded the continuation of life into a new generation,while the golden leaves whispered of the gradual departure of the old.展开更多
Highly flame-retardant bio-based composites were prepared in this study.Firstly,glucose-citric acid(GC)resin was synthesized through the interaction of glucose and citric acid derived from agricultural and forestry so...Highly flame-retardant bio-based composites were prepared in this study.Firstly,glucose-citric acid(GC)resin was synthesized through the interaction of glucose and citric acid derived from agricultural and forestry sources.Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)served as a toughening agent,whereas walnut shell powder(WSP)functioned as a filler in the formulation of a thermosetting bio-based GC-PVA-WSP(GCPW)composite with GC resin.The findings demonstrated that boric acid increased the limited oxygen index(LOI)value of GCPW to 33%,while simultaneously diminishing its total smoke production(TSP)by 99.9%,and achieving a flame retardant index(FRI)of 5.04.In addition,the incorporation of WSP enhanced the compressive strength of the GCPW composite to 9.15 MPa.Concurrently,the GCPW composite demonstrates excellent hydrophobic properties,with a thermal conductivity as low as 0.086 W/m·K.展开更多
In study,we investigated the effect of treatment with combination of walnut peptides with molecular weight<3 kDa and ginsenoside Rg1(<3 kDa+Rg1)on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice and the mechani...In study,we investigated the effect of treatment with combination of walnut peptides with molecular weight<3 kDa and ginsenoside Rg1(<3 kDa+Rg1)on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice and the mechanism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)/tyrosine kinase B(TrKB)/cAMP response element-binding protein(CREB)signaling pathway in PC12 cells.In behavioral experiments,<3 kDa+Rg1 treatment improved the memorizing ability of mice.Treatment with<3 kDa+Rg1 significantly regulated the function of neurotransmitters and effectively improved the morphology of the neurons determined by hematoxylin and eosin(H&E),Nissl,and Golgi staining.Additionally,immunohistochemistry showed that the<3 kDa+Rg1 treatment significantly decreased acetylcholinesterase(AChE)activity and increased choline acetyl transferase(ChAT)content in the hippocampus.The treatment upregulated vesicular acetylcholine transporter(VAChT),activated the BDNF/TrKB/CREB signaling pathway,improved the remodeling of dendritic spines,and enhanced cholinergic functions.In the scopolamine-induced PC12 cells,combination treatment increased thioredoxin-1(Trx-1)expression after administering TrKB and activated signaling pathway.The results showed combination of<3 kDa+Rg1 activated the BDNF/TrKB/CREB signaling pathway by regulating function of neurotransmitters and enhanced cholinergic function to decrease cognitive impairment.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of the study was to make research on adsorption of Chinese walnut（Juglans mandshurica Maxim.） Shell（CWS） to Hg（Ⅱ） in water.[Method] Shells of Juglans mandshurica Maxim were used as biosorpti...[Objective] The aim of the study was to make research on adsorption of Chinese walnut（Juglans mandshurica Maxim.） Shell（CWS） to Hg（Ⅱ） in water.[Method] Shells of Juglans mandshurica Maxim were used as biosorption to remove Hg（Ⅱ） in water solution to explore the influence to adsorption of Hg（Ⅱ） under different conditions,like pH solution,adsorption time,and Hg（Ⅱ）.[Result] The experimental results show that when absorptivity of Hg（Ⅱ） by CWS reached the highest,pH ranged within 5.0-6.0.The adsorptivity decreased as initial Hg（Ⅱ） concentrations increased.Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy（FTIR） spectrum revealed some chemical groups of CWS may affect the adsorption of Hg（Ⅱ）,such as hydroxyl groups,methyl groups,aromatic methoxyl groups,unconjugated carbonyl,and typical aromatic ring,etc.Adsorption equation can be concluded considering the biosorption process relationship with Langmuir and Frendrich isotherm.[Conclusion] The study found that CW could be employed as a promising biosorption to remove Hg（Ⅱ） from aqueous environments.展开更多
The excessive staminate catkin thinning （emasculation） of proterandrous walnut is an important management measure for improving yield. To improve the excessive staminate catkin thinning efficiency, the model of quad...The excessive staminate catkin thinning （emasculation） of proterandrous walnut is an important management measure for improving yield. To improve the excessive staminate catkin thinning efficiency, the model of quadratic polynomial regression equation and BP artificial neural network was developed. The effects of ethephon, gibberel in and mepiquat on shedding rate of staminate catkin of pro-terandrous walnut were investigated by modeling field test. Based on the modeling test results, the excessive staminate catkin thinning model of quadratic polynomial regression equation and BP artificial neural network was established, and it was validated by field test next year. The test data were divided into training set, vali-dation set and test set. The total 20 sets of data obtained from the modeling field test were randomly divided into training set （17） and validation set （3） by central composite design （quadric rotational regression test design）, and the data obtained from the next-year field test were divided into the test set. The topological struc-ture of BP artificial neural network was 3-5-1. The results showed that the pre-diction errors of BP neural network for samples from the validation set were 1.355 0%, 0.429 1% and 0.353 8%, respectively; the difference between the predicted value by the BP neural network and validated value by field test was 2.04%, and the difference between the predicted value by the regression equation and validated value by field test was 3.12%; the prediction accuracy of BP neural network was over 1.0% higher than that of regression equation. The effective combination of quadratic polynomial stepwise regression and BP artificial neural network wil not only help to determine the effect of independent parameter but also improve the prediction accuracy.展开更多
Since the introduction of Qingxiang and Liaohe 1 in 2012, both varieties have shown characteristics of beautiful nuts appearance, high quality and high yield of nuts, strong disease resistance after six years regional...Since the introduction of Qingxiang and Liaohe 1 in 2012, both varieties have shown characteristics of beautiful nuts appearance, high quality and high yield of nuts, strong disease resistance after six years regional varieties. Comparison shows that Qingxiang has strong tree vigor, making it suitable for loose planting, needs pollination tree, bears food late and shows very stable yield performance, while Liaohe 1 has medium tree vigor, bears food early and shows stable yield performance. Based on years of regional planting tests, suggestions were proposed to the high yield cultivation techniques of walnut.展开更多
Yunnan has an area of 2.88 million hm2 walnut trees. Due to freezing in- jury and rapid growth, however, there are a lot of iron walnuts or inferior-quality walnuts ready for grafting. In five years, we conducted expe...Yunnan has an area of 2.88 million hm2 walnut trees. Due to freezing in- jury and rapid growth, however, there are a lot of iron walnuts or inferior-quality walnuts ready for grafting. In five years, we conducted experiments in Kunming （Yunnan Academy of Forestry）, Gongshan County, Gucheng City, Luliang County, and Ludian County by cleft grafting, veneer grafting, bark grafting and whip grafting. The grafting approaches should be selected according to grafting requirements, characteristics, and survival rate. For example, with a low survival rate, cleft grafting can be abandoned, and the rest approaches might be chosen as per practical demands.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to explore technology and formula of walnut- roxburgh rose beverage. [Method] With walnut and roxburgh rose as the main raw material, technology and formula of walnut-roxburgh rose beverage...[Objective] The study aimed to explore technology and formula of walnut- roxburgh rose beverage. [Method] With walnut and roxburgh rose as the main raw material, technology and formula of walnut-roxburgh rose beverage was study by or- thogonal test. In addition, effects of emulsion stabilizers were investigated. [Result] The great emulsifying effect could be achieved by composite emulsion stabilizer at 0.40%. The orthogonal test showed that the optimum formula of walnut-roxburgh rose beverage was composed of 24% walnut milk, 16% cili juice and 12% sugar, with pH of 4.0. The product with stable organization state, pleasant sweetness and sourness may be prepared. [Conclusion] The study laid the foundation for production of walnut-roxburgh rose beverage.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to change the situation of high cost in walnut grafting by reducing seedling cost through technical means.[Method] Effects of different rootstock processing methods and rootstock p...[Objective] This study was conducted to change the situation of high cost in walnut grafting by reducing seedling cost through technical means.[Method] Effects of different rootstock processing methods and rootstock pruning time on walnut growth and cost were studied by the square bud grafting method.[Result] The survival rate and cost under stumping were higher than those under no stumping,and the proportion of grafting-capable rootstocks under stumping was lower than that under no stumping by 9%.The cost differences between different rootstock time were remarkable.The cost for the stock pruning 15 d after grafting was 5 times as much as 1 d after grafting.[Conclusion] Direct grafting could achieve the effect of easy and convenient management,and the overall cost was lower though the survival rate was reduced to a limited extent.Sooner rootstock pruning resulted in a better effect.Pruning the rootstocks within 5 d after grafting not only could improve the quality of seedlings,but also could reduce the cost for seedling management.展开更多
Based on the measurement of walnut properties, a computational analysis was conducted on the compressive stiffness of the critical val-ue of shell-cracking. As indicated by the results, to crack the walnuts shell from...Based on the measurement of walnut properties, a computational analysis was conducted on the compressive stiffness of the critical val-ue of shell-cracking. As indicated by the results, to crack the walnuts shell from its longitudinal or edge directions could save lots of efforts. The study provided theoretical basis for the design and improvement of walnut shell-cracking machine as well as theoretical references for the design, mak ng and use of some spec a crack ng-a d ng too s such as nutcracker.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to find out the regularities of powder scattering about walnuts＇ male for improving walnut yield and quality. [Method] The powder was collected by the method of gravity glass slide, and the re...[Objective] The aim was to find out the regularities of powder scattering about walnuts＇ male for improving walnut yield and quality. [Method] The powder was collected by the method of gravity glass slide, and the regulation of powders scattering of ＇Xinxin2＇ and ＂Wen185＇ which were the two main cultivated varieties of walnut in Xinjiang were studied. [Result] The results showed that the male inflo- rescence powder lasted for around 10 d, and centralized scatter powder was about 4 d, when walnut male at the daily mean temperature was from 20 to 24℃. Gen- erally, the large powder shedding amount was in east, south and central position of crown, in the range of 19 to 27 ℃, and the optimal temperature of powder scatter- ing was 20 to 23 ℃. [Conclusion] The pollens scattering regularities of walnut is closely related to temperature. With a favorable temperature, powder scattering per- forms outstandingly.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to develop potential natural plant products for controlling walnut blight pathogen and other bacteria. [Method] Inhibitory effects of extracts obtained from 15 plants with 3 solven...[Objective] This study was conducted to develop potential natural plant products for controlling walnut blight pathogen and other bacteria. [Method] Inhibitory effects of extracts obtained from 15 plants with 3 solvents on bacteria were investi- gated by disk diffusion method. [Results] Except the extracts from Magnolia grandi- flora and Typha orientalis, extracts of 13 plant leaves presented inhibitory effects on 5 bacteria strains to certain degrees. Among them, the effect of water extract of Aesculu schinensis on Bacillus sp. XHE8 was the strongest, with inhibition zone di- ameter reaching （31.3＋3.9） mm and the ratio to control above 5.0. Four of the 5 tested strains were sensitive to the extracts of Sambucus chinensis, and 3 of them were inhibited by Ophiopegon japonicas extracts and Reineckia camea extracts, with ratios of treatment to control large than 1.5 in all. Leaf extract of A. chinensis had significant anti-bacteria ability, and could be used as a potential plant source for bactericide. [Conclusion] The results laid a foundation for exploring active com- pounds and elucidating the mechanism in it.展开更多
基金Key Technology Research and Development Program in Autonomous Region(2022A02009)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI).
文摘Walnuts are rich in a variety of nutritional components.However,due to their high content of unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs),the quality of walnuts tends to decline during storage,which adversely affects the development of the walnut industry.This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of temperature and packaging methods on the storage quality and oxidative stability of walnuts.The Wen 185 walnut variety was selected,and the physical-chemical and nutritional indexes of walnuts stored for 42 weeks under different temperatures(18℃,4℃,and room temperature)and packaging methods(vacuum light-exposed,vacuum light-proof,vacuum-ra-diation light-exposed,vacuum-radiation light-proof,nitrogen-filled light-exposed,nitrogen-filled light-proof)were measured.The results showed that low temperatures,especially18℃,in combination with vacuum lightproof packaging,could effectively suppress the increase in oxidative stability indicators such as acid value(AV)and peroxide value(PV),and maintain high retention rates of nutritional indicators like tocopherol and phytosterol.This study has elucidated that low temperatures and appropriate packaging methods play the crucial roles in maintaining the quality and oxidative stability of walnuts during storage.It has provided comprehensive and valuable data support and theoretical basis for the scientific storage of walnuts,contributing to the devel-opment of the walnut industry and the guarantee of product quality.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2021YFD1600101)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture research system(CARS-12 and CARS-13)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI).
文摘To reveal the characteristic chemicals of walnuts from different origins, we analyzed fatty acid composition,tocopherols, phytosterols and total phenolic content (TPC) of walnuts from three main producing regions inChina. The results showed that walnuts were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 fattyacids was close to the recommendation of Chinese Nutrition Society. Moreover, walnuts contain high contents oftocopherols (331.20–414.71 mg/kg), phytosterols (97.17–110.35 mg/100 g) and phenols (38.51–48.08 mg GAE/kg). Significant chemical differences exist among walnuts from three production regions. The highest content ofpolyunsaturated fatty acids was found in walnuts from the northern China, the highest content of tocopherols inwalnuts from southwest China, and the highest contents of phytosterol and TPC in walnuts from northwest China.However, there was no significant difference in the tocopherol, phytosterol and TPC content of walnuts betweenthe Northern China and Northwest China. The above results provide important references for manufacturers andconsumers to select suitable walnut scientifically and reasonably.
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to establish an analytical method for the determination of ethephon residue in walnuts by UPLC-MS/MS. [Methods] This study was conducted to establish an analytical method for the determination of ethephon residue in walnuts by UPLC-MS/MS. [Results] The limit of quantification was 0.1 mg/kg and the recoveries were 94%-105% with the relative standard deviations of 0.82%-2.64% at the spiked levels of 0.1-5.0 mg/kg. [Conclusions] The accuracy and sensitivity of the method meet the requirements of pesticide residue analysis, and the experimental method is simple to operate.
基金This work was supported by Selçuk University Scientific Research Project(S.U.-BAP.Konya-Turkey).
文摘Some physical and chemical properties, mineral content and fatty acid compositions of kernel and oils of several walnut types (Büyük Oba, Kaman2, Kaman5) were determined. The oil yields from these kernels changed between 61.4% to 72.8%. The crude fibre contents of ker nels ranged between 3.77% and 3.80%. In add ition, crude protein contents of kernels ranged between 7.05% and 8.10%. While the peroxide values of kernel oils change between 3.18 meq/ Kg and 3.53 meq/Kg, acidity values ranged be tween 0.35% and 0.56%. The main fatty acids of walnut kernel oils were oleic, linoleic, linolenic and palmitic acids. Linoleic acid contents of ker nel oils varied between 49.7% and 55.5%. On the other hand, oleic acid contents ranged between 20.5% and 26.4%. As a result, the present study showed the walnut kernels of the researched species of walnut kernels from Turkey are a potential source of valuable oil which might be used for edible and other industrial applica tions.
文摘An intelligent walnut recognition system combining acoustic emissions analysis,decision tree and fuzzy inference system(FIS)was developed and tested.In data acquisition part,Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)of impact signals was measured.Feature was extracted in two ways:using time domain and FFT of impact signal.The 66%of samples were used for training and the remains were used for testing.In selection feature part,the most important feature selected was:average and the second frequency amplitude of FFT.The method is based on the feature generation by FFT and time domain,produce decision tree with J48 algorithm and classification by fuzzy rules.The output of J48 algorithm was employed to produce the crisp if-then rule and membership function(MF)sets.The structure of FIS classifier was then defined based on the crisp sets.The results showed that the total classification accuracy was 94.7%,and the proposed FFT-J48-FIS model can be used in separation of filled walnuts from empty walnuts.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Forestry(CAF)(CAFYBB2017QC002,CAFYBB2019QD002)。
文摘Place of origin has an important influence on walnut quality and commercial value,which results in the requirement of rapid geographical traceability method.Thus,a method for geographical origin identification of walnuts on the basis of nutritional quality of walnuts from China was conducted.The concentrations of 43 phytochemical components were analyzed in walnut samples from five different walnut-producing regions of China.Based on 14 chemical markers selected by the Random Forest method from these phytochemical components,a new discriminant model for geographical origin was built,with the corresponding correct classification rate of 99.3%.In addition,the quantitative quality differences of walnuts from five regions were analyzed,with values of 0.17–1.43.Moreover,the top three chemical markers for the geographical origin discriminant analysis were Mo,V,and stearic acid,with contribution rates of 26.8%,18.9%,and 10.9%,respectively.This study provides a potentially viable method for application in food authentication.
文摘At the end of Oct.2024,Gyacha County basked under the warm sunlight.Standing within the nearly thousand-year-old renowned walnut forest,the azure sky,accompanied by drifting white clouds,appeared particularly captivating.The occasional thud of walnuts striking the earth heralded the continuation of life into a new generation,while the golden leaves whispered of the gradual departure of the old.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(32460363)Yunnan Province Agricultural Joint Key Foundation(No.202401BD070001-029)+3 种基金Yunnan Agricultural Joint General Foundation(202101BD070001-105)the Yunnan Provincial Youth Top Talent Project(Grant No.YNWR-QNBJ-2020-166)the Foreign ExpertWorkstation(202305AF150006)the 111 Project(D21027).
文摘Highly flame-retardant bio-based composites were prepared in this study.Firstly,glucose-citric acid(GC)resin was synthesized through the interaction of glucose and citric acid derived from agricultural and forestry sources.Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)served as a toughening agent,whereas walnut shell powder(WSP)functioned as a filler in the formulation of a thermosetting bio-based GC-PVA-WSP(GCPW)composite with GC resin.The findings demonstrated that boric acid increased the limited oxygen index(LOI)value of GCPW to 33%,while simultaneously diminishing its total smoke production(TSP)by 99.9%,and achieving a flame retardant index(FRI)of 5.04.In addition,the incorporation of WSP enhanced the compressive strength of the GCPW composite to 9.15 MPa.Concurrently,the GCPW composite demonstrates excellent hydrophobic properties,with a thermal conductivity as low as 0.086 W/m·K.
基金funded by the Research and Product Development of Key Technologies for Efficient Utilization of Walnut Meal(20210203125SF)Changchun 2021 Local Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements Guide Special(21KY05).
文摘In study,we investigated the effect of treatment with combination of walnut peptides with molecular weight<3 kDa and ginsenoside Rg1(<3 kDa+Rg1)on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice and the mechanism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)/tyrosine kinase B(TrKB)/cAMP response element-binding protein(CREB)signaling pathway in PC12 cells.In behavioral experiments,<3 kDa+Rg1 treatment improved the memorizing ability of mice.Treatment with<3 kDa+Rg1 significantly regulated the function of neurotransmitters and effectively improved the morphology of the neurons determined by hematoxylin and eosin(H&E),Nissl,and Golgi staining.Additionally,immunohistochemistry showed that the<3 kDa+Rg1 treatment significantly decreased acetylcholinesterase(AChE)activity and increased choline acetyl transferase(ChAT)content in the hippocampus.The treatment upregulated vesicular acetylcholine transporter(VAChT),activated the BDNF/TrKB/CREB signaling pathway,improved the remodeling of dendritic spines,and enhanced cholinergic functions.In the scopolamine-induced PC12 cells,combination treatment increased thioredoxin-1(Trx-1)expression after administering TrKB and activated signaling pathway.The results showed combination of<3 kDa+Rg1 activated the BDNF/TrKB/CREB signaling pathway by regulating function of neurotransmitters and enhanced cholinergic function to decrease cognitive impairment.
基金Supported by National Water Major Project of China (2008ZX07211-007)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of the study was to make research on adsorption of Chinese walnut（Juglans mandshurica Maxim.） Shell（CWS） to Hg（Ⅱ） in water.[Method] Shells of Juglans mandshurica Maxim were used as biosorption to remove Hg（Ⅱ） in water solution to explore the influence to adsorption of Hg（Ⅱ） under different conditions,like pH solution,adsorption time,and Hg（Ⅱ）.[Result] The experimental results show that when absorptivity of Hg（Ⅱ） by CWS reached the highest,pH ranged within 5.0-6.0.The adsorptivity decreased as initial Hg（Ⅱ） concentrations increased.Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy（FTIR） spectrum revealed some chemical groups of CWS may affect the adsorption of Hg（Ⅱ）,such as hydroxyl groups,methyl groups,aromatic methoxyl groups,unconjugated carbonyl,and typical aromatic ring,etc.Adsorption equation can be concluded considering the biosorption process relationship with Langmuir and Frendrich isotherm.[Conclusion] The study found that CW could be employed as a promising biosorption to remove Hg（Ⅱ） from aqueous environments.
基金Supported by Key Science and Technology Program of Shanxi Province,China(002023)~~
文摘The excessive staminate catkin thinning （emasculation） of proterandrous walnut is an important management measure for improving yield. To improve the excessive staminate catkin thinning efficiency, the model of quadratic polynomial regression equation and BP artificial neural network was developed. The effects of ethephon, gibberel in and mepiquat on shedding rate of staminate catkin of pro-terandrous walnut were investigated by modeling field test. Based on the modeling test results, the excessive staminate catkin thinning model of quadratic polynomial regression equation and BP artificial neural network was established, and it was validated by field test next year. The test data were divided into training set, vali-dation set and test set. The total 20 sets of data obtained from the modeling field test were randomly divided into training set （17） and validation set （3） by central composite design （quadric rotational regression test design）, and the data obtained from the next-year field test were divided into the test set. The topological struc-ture of BP artificial neural network was 3-5-1. The results showed that the pre-diction errors of BP neural network for samples from the validation set were 1.355 0%, 0.429 1% and 0.353 8%, respectively; the difference between the predicted value by the BP neural network and validated value by field test was 2.04%, and the difference between the predicted value by the regression equation and validated value by field test was 3.12%; the prediction accuracy of BP neural network was over 1.0% higher than that of regression equation. The effective combination of quadratic polynomial stepwise regression and BP artificial neural network wil not only help to determine the effect of independent parameter but also improve the prediction accuracy.
基金Supported by the"61"Characteristic Ecological Industries of the 13th Five Year Plan of Shiyan Minicipal People's Government~~
文摘Since the introduction of Qingxiang and Liaohe 1 in 2012, both varieties have shown characteristics of beautiful nuts appearance, high quality and high yield of nuts, strong disease resistance after six years regional varieties. Comparison shows that Qingxiang has strong tree vigor, making it suitable for loose planting, needs pollination tree, bears food late and shows very stable yield performance, while Liaohe 1 has medium tree vigor, bears food early and shows stable yield performance. Based on years of regional planting tests, suggestions were proposed to the high yield cultivation techniques of walnut.
基金Supported by High-quality Walnut High-yield Cultivation Technology Integration and Demonstration of Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture([2014]TZYN01)~~
文摘Yunnan has an area of 2.88 million hm2 walnut trees. Due to freezing in- jury and rapid growth, however, there are a lot of iron walnuts or inferior-quality walnuts ready for grafting. In five years, we conducted experiments in Kunming （Yunnan Academy of Forestry）, Gongshan County, Gucheng City, Luliang County, and Ludian County by cleft grafting, veneer grafting, bark grafting and whip grafting. The grafting approaches should be selected according to grafting requirements, characteristics, and survival rate. For example, with a low survival rate, cleft grafting can be abandoned, and the rest approaches might be chosen as per practical demands.
基金Supported by a Grant from Huanghe Science and Technology College (kyz2007013)~~
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to explore technology and formula of walnut- roxburgh rose beverage. [Method] With walnut and roxburgh rose as the main raw material, technology and formula of walnut-roxburgh rose beverage was study by or- thogonal test. In addition, effects of emulsion stabilizers were investigated. [Result] The great emulsifying effect could be achieved by composite emulsion stabilizer at 0.40%. The orthogonal test showed that the optimum formula of walnut-roxburgh rose beverage was composed of 24% walnut milk, 16% cili juice and 12% sugar, with pH of 4.0. The product with stable organization state, pleasant sweetness and sourness may be prepared. [Conclusion] The study laid the foundation for production of walnut-roxburgh rose beverage.
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to change the situation of high cost in walnut grafting by reducing seedling cost through technical means.[Method] Effects of different rootstock processing methods and rootstock pruning time on walnut growth and cost were studied by the square bud grafting method.[Result] The survival rate and cost under stumping were higher than those under no stumping,and the proportion of grafting-capable rootstocks under stumping was lower than that under no stumping by 9%.The cost differences between different rootstock time were remarkable.The cost for the stock pruning 15 d after grafting was 5 times as much as 1 d after grafting.[Conclusion] Direct grafting could achieve the effect of easy and convenient management,and the overall cost was lower though the survival rate was reduced to a limited extent.Sooner rootstock pruning resulted in a better effect.Pruning the rootstocks within 5 d after grafting not only could improve the quality of seedlings,but also could reduce the cost for seedling management.
基金Supported by University Students Science and Technology Innovation Project in Zhejiang Province(100411)
文摘Based on the measurement of walnut properties, a computational analysis was conducted on the compressive stiffness of the critical val-ue of shell-cracking. As indicated by the results, to crack the walnuts shell from its longitudinal or edge directions could save lots of efforts. The study provided theoretical basis for the design and improvement of walnut shell-cracking machine as well as theoretical references for the design, mak ng and use of some spec a crack ng-a d ng too s such as nutcracker.
基金The Scientific Research Special of National Public Welfare Industry―Improve Quality and Effectiveness of Key Ttechnology Research and Demonstration about Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit Trees(201304701-4)Financial Aid from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Fruit Trees Key Subject~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to find out the regularities of powder scattering about walnuts＇ male for improving walnut yield and quality. [Method] The powder was collected by the method of gravity glass slide, and the regulation of powders scattering of ＇Xinxin2＇ and ＂Wen185＇ which were the two main cultivated varieties of walnut in Xinjiang were studied. [Result] The results showed that the male inflo- rescence powder lasted for around 10 d, and centralized scatter powder was about 4 d, when walnut male at the daily mean temperature was from 20 to 24℃. Gen- erally, the large powder shedding amount was in east, south and central position of crown, in the range of 19 to 27 ℃, and the optimal temperature of powder scatter- ing was 20 to 23 ℃. [Conclusion] The pollens scattering regularities of walnut is closely related to temperature. With a favorable temperature, powder scattering per- forms outstandingly.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation(31200488,31370692)Surface Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2014CFB573)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to develop potential natural plant products for controlling walnut blight pathogen and other bacteria. [Method] Inhibitory effects of extracts obtained from 15 plants with 3 solvents on bacteria were investi- gated by disk diffusion method. [Results] Except the extracts from Magnolia grandi- flora and Typha orientalis, extracts of 13 plant leaves presented inhibitory effects on 5 bacteria strains to certain degrees. Among them, the effect of water extract of Aesculu schinensis on Bacillus sp. XHE8 was the strongest, with inhibition zone di- ameter reaching （31.3＋3.9） mm and the ratio to control above 5.0. Four of the 5 tested strains were sensitive to the extracts of Sambucus chinensis, and 3 of them were inhibited by Ophiopegon japonicas extracts and Reineckia camea extracts, with ratios of treatment to control large than 1.5 in all. Leaf extract of A. chinensis had significant anti-bacteria ability, and could be used as a potential plant source for bactericide. [Conclusion] The results laid a foundation for exploring active com- pounds and elucidating the mechanism in it.
