Eight complexes of rare earth with 2 mercaptobenthiazole, RELCl 2·RE(OH) 3· x H 2O (L=2 mercaptobenthiazole, RE= La～Gd, Y, except for Pm, x =0, 2～4), were synthesized in unhydrous ethanol and char...Eight complexes of rare earth with 2 mercaptobenthiazole, RELCl 2·RE(OH) 3· x H 2O (L=2 mercaptobenthiazole, RE= La～Gd, Y, except for Pm, x =0, 2～4), were synthesized in unhydrous ethanol and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra and thermal analyses. The results show that the ligand is coordinated to the RE ion through both the exocyclic sulfur and the thiazole nitrogen. The vulcanizing properties of the La complex as accelerator were studied in the traditional tire rubber, which indicate that the cross linked rubber accelerated by the rare earth complex has good physical and dynamic mechanical properties by comparison.展开更多
A composite electrocatalyst,CoMoNiO-S/NF-110(NF is nickel foam),was synthesized through electrodeposition,followed by pyrolysis and then the vulcanization process.CoMoNiO-S/NF-110 exhibited a structure where Ni3S2 and...A composite electrocatalyst,CoMoNiO-S/NF-110(NF is nickel foam),was synthesized through electrodeposition,followed by pyrolysis and then the vulcanization process.CoMoNiO-S/NF-110 exhibited a structure where Ni3S2 and Mo2S3 nanoparticles were integrated at the edges of Co3O4 nanosheets,creating a rich,heterogeneous interface that enhances the synergistic effects of each component.In an alkaline electrolyte,the synthesized CoMoNiO-S/NF-110 exhibited superior electrocatalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction(OER),achieving current densities of 100 and 200 mA·cm^(-2) with low overpotentials of 199.4 and 224.4 mV,respectively,outperforming RuO2 and several high-performance Mo and Ni-based catalysts.This excellent performance is attributed to the rich interface formed between the components and active sites exposed by the defect structure.展开更多
This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural rubber(NR)composites,focusing on their properties,compounding aspects,and renewable practices involving natural fibre reinforcement.The properties of NR are inf...This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural rubber(NR)composites,focusing on their properties,compounding aspects,and renewable practices involving natural fibre reinforcement.The properties of NR are influenced by the compounding process,which incorporates ingredients such as elastomers,vulcanizing agents,accelerators,activators,and fillers like carbon black and silica.While effective in enhancing properties,these fillers lack biodegradability,prompting the exploration of sustainable alternatives.The potential of natural fibres as renewable reinforcements in NR composites is thoroughly covered in this review,highlighting both their advan-tages,such as improved sustainability,and the challenges they present,such as compatibility with the rubber matrix.Surface treatment methods,including alkali and silane treatments,are also discussed as solutions to improve fibre-matrix adhesion and mitigate these challenges.Additionally,the review highlights the potential of oil palm empty fruit bunch(EFB)fibres as a natural fibre reinforcement.The abundance of EFB fibres and their alignment with sustainable practices make them promising substitutes for conventional fillers,contributing to valuable knowledge and supporting the broader move towards renewable reinforcement to improve sustain-ability without compromising the key properties of rubber composites.展开更多
The thioacetamide derivative(TD)-composite preservation system(TDCPS)exhibits superior preservation effects on natural rubber latex(NRL)and significantly enhances its vulcanization efficiency and mechanical properties...The thioacetamide derivative(TD)-composite preservation system(TDCPS)exhibits superior preservation effects on natural rubber latex(NRL)and significantly enhances its vulcanization efficiency and mechanical properties.This study primarily investigated the principal chemical groups and mechanism of action of TDCPS in promoting NRL vulcanization through a comparative analysis.The results indicated that the key functional groups(thioamide and pyridine)in TDCPS synergistically accelerated crosslinking,reducing the vulcanization time by 41.18%compared to the high-ammonia(HA)preservation system.At an optimal TDCPS dosage of 5 mmol·L^(−1),vulcanized films achieved a tensile strength of 34.18 MPa,with a sulfur content of 1.5 phr further improving the strength by 42.26%.TD outperformed the conventional accelerators 2-imidazolidinethione(ETU)and 3-hydroxypyridine(3-Hp)in promoting the crosslinking density and mechanical performance while eliminating ammonia-related environmental risks.This eco-friendly system demonstrates the industrial potential for sustainable rubber production.展开更多
An inverse vulcanized polymer,SZIM combining Zn2+-imidazole coordination bonds and polysulfide bonds was synthesized and incorporated into bio-based Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) to generate EUG-SZIM-xs.The residual cry...An inverse vulcanized polymer,SZIM combining Zn2+-imidazole coordination bonds and polysulfide bonds was synthesized and incorporated into bio-based Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) to generate EUG-SZIM-xs.The residual crystallinity of the EUG matrix synergistically interacted with the dual cross-linking networks to establish reversible deformation domains,providing EUG-SZIM-xs with quick shape memory capability at moderate temperatures.The damping properties were also investigated,and EUG-SZIM-xs displayed high tanδ values (>0.3) when the SZIM dosage was higher than 5.5 phr,which showed a positive correlation with SZIM concentration.Such good damping performance endowed the EUG-SZIM-xs with broadband low-frequency sound absorption.In addition,the dual cross-linking networks endowed the materials with reprocessability under different catalytic systems,and the 1,8-diazobicyclic[5.4.0]undeca-7-ene (DBU)-catalyzed samples exhibited better mechanical properties than EUG-SZIM-xs.展开更多
This study delves into the pivotal role of sulfur vulcanization in defining the mechanical characteristics of natural rubber(NR)latex-dipped products.Utilizing sulfur vulcanization,known for its operational simplicity...This study delves into the pivotal role of sulfur vulcanization in defining the mechanical characteristics of natural rubber(NR)latex-dipped products.Utilizing sulfur vulcanization,known for its operational simplicity and cost-effectiveness,we examine its ability to enhance product elasticity and mechanical strength through various sulfidic bond formations such as mono-,di-,and polysulfidic bonds.Different vulcanization systems and sulfur contents were evaluated for their influence on the mechanical attributes of latex films,employing three types of NR latex,namely concentrated NR(CNR),deproteinized NR(DPNR),and small rubber particle NR(SRP),each representing distinct non-rubber components(NRCs).The study utilized advanced atomic force microscopy(AFM)equipped with PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping(QNM)to visualize and measure Young’s modulus distribution across the film of pre-vulcanized latex.Our findings reveal that films by CNR processed using the conventional vulcanization(CV)system exhibited enhanced tensile strength and elongation at break.It even showed a lower crosslink density than those processed using the efficient vulcanization(EV)system.Interestingly,DPNR films showed a more uniform distribution of Young’s modulus,correlating well with their superior mechanical strength.In contrast,SRP films showed excessive network structure formation in the particles due to accelerated vulcanization rates,hampering subsequent post-vulcanization interparticle crosslinking in film formation and remaining more rigid.The overall results Illustrate clearly that the ultimate mechanical properties of the latex films are strongly dependent on the type of sulfidic bonds formed.This research reveals further the very intricate relationship between the vulcanization methods,sulfur content,and latex type in optimizing the mechanical performance of NR latex products.It provides valuable insights for industry practices aimed at improving the quality and performance of latex-dipped goods.展开更多
The SiO_2 nanoparticles were coated on the surface of graphene oxide(GO) by sol-gel method to get the SiO_2-G compound.The SiO_2-G was restored and oleophylically modified to prepare hydrophobic modified SiO_2-G(HM-Si...The SiO_2 nanoparticles were coated on the surface of graphene oxide(GO) by sol-gel method to get the SiO_2-G compound.The SiO_2-G was restored and oleophylically modified to prepare hydrophobic modified SiO_2-G(HM-SiO_2-G) which was subsequently added to silicone rubber matrix to prepare two-component room temperature vulcanized(RTV-2) thermal conductive silicone rubber. The morphology, chemical structure and dispersity of the modified graphene were characterized with SEM, FTIR, Raman, and XPS methods.In addition, the heat-resistance behavior, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity of the RTV-2 silicone rubber were also studied systematically. The results showed that the SiO_2 nanoparticles were coated on graphene oxide successfully, and HM-SiO_2-G was uniformly dispersed in RTV-2 silicone rubber. The addition of HM-SiO_2-G could effectively improve the thermal stability, mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of RTV-2 silicone rubber and had no great influence on the electrical insulation performance.展开更多
Kinetics of natural rubber （NR） vulcanization by lanthanum O, O＇-diisopropyldithiophosphate [ La（DiPDP）3 ] was studied. La（DiPDP）3 had remarkable accelerating effect on the vulcanization of NR. The rate constan...Kinetics of natural rubber （NR） vulcanization by lanthanum O, O＇-diisopropyldithiophosphate [ La（DiPDP）3 ] was studied. La（DiPDP）3 had remarkable accelerating effect on the vulcanization of NR. The rate constant k6 of the reaction that turned polysulphidic cross-links into the modified main chain was higher than that of desulfuration reaction of polysulfidic cross-links （k3 ）. The activation energies （Ea2, Ea3, and Ea6） of the formation, desulfuration, and decomposition of polysulfidic cross-links were 87.57,102.34, and 95.01 kJ · mol^-1, respectively. Activation energy （Eas） of the reaction that turned the cross-link precursors into the modified main chain was 82.67 kJ · mol^-1. It could be concluded that the proportion of polysulphidic cross-links was higher than mono- and di- sulphidic cross-links during induction and curing periods, mono- and di- sulphidic cross-links increased as curing temperature rose. In the temperature range of 140 - 160 ℃, the amounts of polysulphidic cross-links were similar. However, over 160℃, mono- and di- sulphidic cross-links increased rapidly. Moreover, cross-link density of the vulcanizates was determined from the equilibrium-swelling data. A chemical probe detected the concentration of polysulphidic cross-links of vulcanizates. The change trend of the results predicated from equation corresponded to that of the experimental results.展开更多
The fabrication of magnetorheological （MR） elastomers was studied by two vulcanization methods, including heat vulcanization （HV） and radiation vulcanization （RV）, were employed to fabricate MRE samples. The dyn...The fabrication of magnetorheological （MR） elastomers was studied by two vulcanization methods, including heat vulcanization （HV） and radiation vulcanization （RV）, were employed to fabricate MRE samples. The dynamical mechanical properties were characterized by using a dynamic mechanic analyzer. In particular, both the MR effect and its durability were investigated. The experimental results showed that RV samples have large magnetoinduced modulus, large zero-field modulus, and good durability property of MR effect. To explain these results, cubic deformation and plasticizer migration were analyzed. Large magneto-induced modulus of RV sample results from cubic deformation during vulcanization process. And the plasticizer migration results in better durability of MR effect.展开更多
By incorporating copper sulfate （CuSO4） particles into acrylonitrile butadiene rubber （NBR） followed by heat pressing, a novel vulcanization method is developed in rubber through the formation of coordination cros...By incorporating copper sulfate （CuSO4） particles into acrylonitrile butadiene rubber （NBR） followed by heat pressing, a novel vulcanization method is developed in rubber through the formation of coordination crosslinking. This method totally differs from traditional covalent or non-covalent vulcanization approaches of rubber. No other vulcanizing agent or additional additive is involved in this process. By analyzing the results of DMA, XPS and FT-IR, it is found that the crosslinking of CuSO4 particles filled NBR was induced by in situ coordination between nitrogen atoms of nitrile groups （-CN） and copper ions （Cu^2＋） from CuSO4. SEM and EDX results revealed the generation of a core （CuSO4 solid particle）- shell （adherent NBR） structure, which leads to a result that the crosslinked rubber has excellent mechanical properties. Moreover, poly（vinyl chloride） （PVC） and liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber （LNBR） were used as mobilizer to improve the coordination crosslinking of CuSO4/NBR. The addition of PVC or LNBR could lead to higher crosslink density and better mechanical properties of coordination vulcanization. In addition, crystal water in CuSO4 played a positive role to coordination crosslinking of rubber because it decreased the metal point of CuSO4 and promoted the metal ionization.展开更多
Positron annihilation spectroscopy(PAS)was utilized to investigate the relationship between the free-volume hole properties and miscibility of dynamically vulcanized EPDM/PP blend.The results showed that the noncrysta...Positron annihilation spectroscopy(PAS)was utilized to investigate the relationship between the free-volume hole properties and miscibility of dynamically vulcanized EPDM/PP blend.The results showed that the noncrystalline region of PP and EPDM in the blend was partially miscible and the miscibility of the blend became worse when the weight percent of EPDM was<50%.This was also demonstrated by DMTA and mechanical properties of the blends with various compositions.展开更多
文摘Eight complexes of rare earth with 2 mercaptobenthiazole, RELCl 2·RE(OH) 3· x H 2O (L=2 mercaptobenthiazole, RE= La～Gd, Y, except for Pm, x =0, 2～4), were synthesized in unhydrous ethanol and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra and thermal analyses. The results show that the ligand is coordinated to the RE ion through both the exocyclic sulfur and the thiazole nitrogen. The vulcanizing properties of the La complex as accelerator were studied in the traditional tire rubber, which indicate that the cross linked rubber accelerated by the rare earth complex has good physical and dynamic mechanical properties by comparison.
文摘A composite electrocatalyst,CoMoNiO-S/NF-110(NF is nickel foam),was synthesized through electrodeposition,followed by pyrolysis and then the vulcanization process.CoMoNiO-S/NF-110 exhibited a structure where Ni3S2 and Mo2S3 nanoparticles were integrated at the edges of Co3O4 nanosheets,creating a rich,heterogeneous interface that enhances the synergistic effects of each component.In an alkaline electrolyte,the synthesized CoMoNiO-S/NF-110 exhibited superior electrocatalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction(OER),achieving current densities of 100 and 200 mA·cm^(-2) with low overpotentials of 199.4 and 224.4 mV,respectively,outperforming RuO2 and several high-performance Mo and Ni-based catalysts.This excellent performance is attributed to the rich interface formed between the components and active sites exposed by the defect structure.
基金funded under the Collaborative Research Initiative Grant Scheme(C-RIGS),grant number C-RIGS24-016-0022 from IIUM.
文摘This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural rubber(NR)composites,focusing on their properties,compounding aspects,and renewable practices involving natural fibre reinforcement.The properties of NR are influenced by the compounding process,which incorporates ingredients such as elastomers,vulcanizing agents,accelerators,activators,and fillers like carbon black and silica.While effective in enhancing properties,these fillers lack biodegradability,prompting the exploration of sustainable alternatives.The potential of natural fibres as renewable reinforcements in NR composites is thoroughly covered in this review,highlighting both their advan-tages,such as improved sustainability,and the challenges they present,such as compatibility with the rubber matrix.Surface treatment methods,including alkali and silane treatments,are also discussed as solutions to improve fibre-matrix adhesion and mitigate these challenges.Additionally,the review highlights the potential of oil palm empty fruit bunch(EFB)fibres as a natural fibre reinforcement.The abundance of EFB fibres and their alignment with sustainable practices make them promising substitutes for conventional fillers,contributing to valuable knowledge and supporting the broader move towards renewable reinforcement to improve sustain-ability without compromising the key properties of rubber composites.
基金the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Chinathe Department of Science and Technology of the Hainan Province for their support+2 种基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No. 2022YFD2301201)Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund (No. ZDYF2024XDNY284)Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (No.CARS-33-JG1)
文摘The thioacetamide derivative(TD)-composite preservation system(TDCPS)exhibits superior preservation effects on natural rubber latex(NRL)and significantly enhances its vulcanization efficiency and mechanical properties.This study primarily investigated the principal chemical groups and mechanism of action of TDCPS in promoting NRL vulcanization through a comparative analysis.The results indicated that the key functional groups(thioamide and pyridine)in TDCPS synergistically accelerated crosslinking,reducing the vulcanization time by 41.18%compared to the high-ammonia(HA)preservation system.At an optimal TDCPS dosage of 5 mmol·L^(−1),vulcanized films achieved a tensile strength of 34.18 MPa,with a sulfur content of 1.5 phr further improving the strength by 42.26%.TD outperformed the conventional accelerators 2-imidazolidinethione(ETU)and 3-hydroxypyridine(3-Hp)in promoting the crosslinking density and mechanical performance while eliminating ammonia-related environmental risks.This eco-friendly system demonstrates the industrial potential for sustainable rubber production.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2024JJ7392)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52463002)+1 种基金Educational Commission of Hunan Province(No.22A0383)Special Funds for Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province(No.2020SK2028).
文摘An inverse vulcanized polymer,SZIM combining Zn2+-imidazole coordination bonds and polysulfide bonds was synthesized and incorporated into bio-based Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) to generate EUG-SZIM-xs.The residual crystallinity of the EUG matrix synergistically interacted with the dual cross-linking networks to establish reversible deformation domains,providing EUG-SZIM-xs with quick shape memory capability at moderate temperatures.The damping properties were also investigated,and EUG-SZIM-xs displayed high tanδ values (>0.3) when the SZIM dosage was higher than 5.5 phr,which showed a positive correlation with SZIM concentration.Such good damping performance endowed the EUG-SZIM-xs with broadband low-frequency sound absorption.In addition,the dual cross-linking networks endowed the materials with reprocessability under different catalytic systems,and the 1,8-diazobicyclic[5.4.0]undeca-7-ene (DBU)-catalyzed samples exhibited better mechanical properties than EUG-SZIM-xs.
基金supported by Mahidol University(Fundamental Fund:fiscal year 2024 by the National Science Research and Innovation Fund(NSRF),FF-078/2567)Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences for Science and Technology Innovation Team of National Tropical Agricultural Science Center(No.CATASCXTD202401)the National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)via the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(No.PHD/0150/2560)。
文摘This study delves into the pivotal role of sulfur vulcanization in defining the mechanical characteristics of natural rubber(NR)latex-dipped products.Utilizing sulfur vulcanization,known for its operational simplicity and cost-effectiveness,we examine its ability to enhance product elasticity and mechanical strength through various sulfidic bond formations such as mono-,di-,and polysulfidic bonds.Different vulcanization systems and sulfur contents were evaluated for their influence on the mechanical attributes of latex films,employing three types of NR latex,namely concentrated NR(CNR),deproteinized NR(DPNR),and small rubber particle NR(SRP),each representing distinct non-rubber components(NRCs).The study utilized advanced atomic force microscopy(AFM)equipped with PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping(QNM)to visualize and measure Young’s modulus distribution across the film of pre-vulcanized latex.Our findings reveal that films by CNR processed using the conventional vulcanization(CV)system exhibited enhanced tensile strength and elongation at break.It even showed a lower crosslink density than those processed using the efficient vulcanization(EV)system.Interestingly,DPNR films showed a more uniform distribution of Young’s modulus,correlating well with their superior mechanical strength.In contrast,SRP films showed excessive network structure formation in the particles due to accelerated vulcanization rates,hampering subsequent post-vulcanization interparticle crosslinking in film formation and remaining more rigid.The overall results Illustrate clearly that the ultimate mechanical properties of the latex films are strongly dependent on the type of sulfidic bonds formed.This research reveals further the very intricate relationship between the vulcanization methods,sulfur content,and latex type in optimizing the mechanical performance of NR latex products.It provides valuable insights for industry practices aimed at improving the quality and performance of latex-dipped goods.
基金the Guangdong Province Science and Technology projects(No.2017A040402005)Guangdong Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision Science and Technology projects(No.2017CT30)for financial support of this work
文摘The SiO_2 nanoparticles were coated on the surface of graphene oxide(GO) by sol-gel method to get the SiO_2-G compound.The SiO_2-G was restored and oleophylically modified to prepare hydrophobic modified SiO_2-G(HM-SiO_2-G) which was subsequently added to silicone rubber matrix to prepare two-component room temperature vulcanized(RTV-2) thermal conductive silicone rubber. The morphology, chemical structure and dispersity of the modified graphene were characterized with SEM, FTIR, Raman, and XPS methods.In addition, the heat-resistance behavior, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity of the RTV-2 silicone rubber were also studied systematically. The results showed that the SiO_2 nanoparticles were coated on graphene oxide successfully, and HM-SiO_2-G was uniformly dispersed in RTV-2 silicone rubber. The addition of HM-SiO_2-G could effectively improve the thermal stability, mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of RTV-2 silicone rubber and had no great influence on the electrical insulation performance.
基金Project supported by the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (05006563)
文摘Kinetics of natural rubber （NR） vulcanization by lanthanum O, O＇-diisopropyldithiophosphate [ La（DiPDP）3 ] was studied. La（DiPDP）3 had remarkable accelerating effect on the vulcanization of NR. The rate constant k6 of the reaction that turned polysulphidic cross-links into the modified main chain was higher than that of desulfuration reaction of polysulfidic cross-links （k3 ）. The activation energies （Ea2, Ea3, and Ea6） of the formation, desulfuration, and decomposition of polysulfidic cross-links were 87.57,102.34, and 95.01 kJ · mol^-1, respectively. Activation energy （Eas） of the reaction that turned the cross-link precursors into the modified main chain was 82.67 kJ · mol^-1. It could be concluded that the proportion of polysulphidic cross-links was higher than mono- and di- sulphidic cross-links during induction and curing periods, mono- and di- sulphidic cross-links increased as curing temperature rose. In the temperature range of 140 - 160 ℃, the amounts of polysulphidic cross-links were similar. However, over 160℃, mono- and di- sulphidic cross-links increased rapidly. Moreover, cross-link density of the vulcanizates was determined from the equilibrium-swelling data. A chemical probe detected the concentration of polysulphidic cross-links of vulcanizates. The change trend of the results predicated from equation corresponded to that of the experimental results.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.10672154）.
文摘The fabrication of magnetorheological （MR） elastomers was studied by two vulcanization methods, including heat vulcanization （HV） and radiation vulcanization （RV）, were employed to fabricate MRE samples. The dynamical mechanical properties were characterized by using a dynamic mechanic analyzer. In particular, both the MR effect and its durability were investigated. The experimental results showed that RV samples have large magnetoinduced modulus, large zero-field modulus, and good durability property of MR effect. To explain these results, cubic deformation and plasticizer migration were analyzed. Large magneto-induced modulus of RV sample results from cubic deformation during vulcanization process. And the plasticizer migration results in better durability of MR effect.
基金This work was financially supported by the Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50473031).
文摘By incorporating copper sulfate （CuSO4） particles into acrylonitrile butadiene rubber （NBR） followed by heat pressing, a novel vulcanization method is developed in rubber through the formation of coordination crosslinking. This method totally differs from traditional covalent or non-covalent vulcanization approaches of rubber. No other vulcanizing agent or additional additive is involved in this process. By analyzing the results of DMA, XPS and FT-IR, it is found that the crosslinking of CuSO4 particles filled NBR was induced by in situ coordination between nitrogen atoms of nitrile groups （-CN） and copper ions （Cu^2＋） from CuSO4. SEM and EDX results revealed the generation of a core （CuSO4 solid particle）- shell （adherent NBR） structure, which leads to a result that the crosslinked rubber has excellent mechanical properties. Moreover, poly（vinyl chloride） （PVC） and liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber （LNBR） were used as mobilizer to improve the coordination crosslinking of CuSO4/NBR. The addition of PVC or LNBR could lead to higher crosslink density and better mechanical properties of coordination vulcanization. In addition, crystal water in CuSO4 played a positive role to coordination crosslinking of rubber because it decreased the metal point of CuSO4 and promoted the metal ionization.
基金This work was financially supported by 863 Programme of China No.863-715-012-0160
文摘Positron annihilation spectroscopy(PAS)was utilized to investigate the relationship between the free-volume hole properties and miscibility of dynamically vulcanized EPDM/PP blend.The results showed that the noncrystalline region of PP and EPDM in the blend was partially miscible and the miscibility of the blend became worse when the weight percent of EPDM was<50%.This was also demonstrated by DMTA and mechanical properties of the blends with various compositions.
