An important regional organization founded 40 years ago, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is playing an increasingly key role in the region in both economic and geopolitical issues. Beijing Review...An important regional organization founded 40 years ago, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is playing an increasingly key role in the region in both economic and geopolitical issues. Beijing Review's North America bureau recently asked Zachary Abuza, professor of political science and international relations at Simmons College in Boston, about ASEAN's relations with China and the United States.展开更多
Background:Cyperi Rhizoma,derived from Cyperus rotundus L.,is a widely used medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with Shandong Province recognized as its geo-authentic habitat.However,the quality of Cyp...Background:Cyperi Rhizoma,derived from Cyperus rotundus L.,is a widely used medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with Shandong Province recognized as its geo-authentic habitat.However,the quality of Cyperi Rhizoma varies significantly across different regions,potentially influencing its therapeutic efficacy.This study investigates the influence of geographic origin on the chemical composition and overall quality of Cyperi Rhizoma.Methods:A comprehensive approach,including traditional quality assessment,GC-MS(g as c hromatography-m ass s pectrometry),RP-HPLC(r everse p hase h igh-p erformance l iquid c hromatography),and FT-IR(f ourier t ransform i nfrared s pectroscopy)techniques,was employed to analyze Cyperi Rhizoma samples from Shandong Province.These methods examined the physical appearance,chemical profile,and content variations,particularly focusing onα-cyperone.Results:Traditional quality assessments revealed noticeable differences in the external characteristics of the samples.GC-MS analysis identified a variety of unique chemical constituents,while RP-HPLC and FT-IR showed significant variations inα-cyperone content,with higher levels found in Shandong samples.Conclusion:These results demonstrate that geographic origin is a critical determinant of Cyperi Rhizoma quality,with Shandong specimens exhibiting superiorα-cyperone levels and characteristic phytochemical profiles.This validates the geo-authenticity concept in TCM and provides actionable data for developing evidence-based quality standards,suggesting that provenance should be prioritized in medicinal material selection and pharmacopeial specifications.展开更多
Currently,the number of patients with myopia is increasing rapidly across the globe.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with its long history and rich experience,has shown promise in effectively managing and treating th...Currently,the number of patients with myopia is increasing rapidly across the globe.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with its long history and rich experience,has shown promise in effectively managing and treating this condition.Nevertheless,considering the vast amount of research that is currently being conducted,focusing on the utilization of TCM in the management of myopia,there is an urgent requirement for a thorough and comprehensive review.The review would serve to clarify the practical applications of TCM within this specific field,and it would also aim to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that are at play,providing a deeper understanding of how TCM principles can be effectively integrated into modern medical practices.Here,some modern medical pathogenesis of myopia and appropriate TCM techniques studies are summarized in the prevention and treatment of myopia.Further,we discussed the potential mechanisms and the future research directions of TCM against myopia.Identifying these mechanisms is crucial for understanding how TCM can be effectively utilized in this context.The combination of various TCM methods or the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine is of great significance for the prevention and control of myopia in the future.展开更多
Background: The human gut microbiome is an important target for disease treatment and prevention. Various microbial species within the complex ecosystem of the microbiome have been shown to play important roles in dis...Background: The human gut microbiome is an important target for disease treatment and prevention. Various microbial species within the complex ecosystem of the microbiome have been shown to play important roles in disease. Identification of bioactive materials capable of altering the abundances of these species both safely and effectively is a major goal in microbiome research. Many traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been reported to affect the composition of the gut microbiome. Here, we summarize studies that have used TCMs to alter the gut microbiome and discuss the response relationship between TCMs and gut microbial species. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Knowledge Network databases using the terms “traditional Chinese medicine,” “gut microbiome,” and specific system disease names (endocrine, immune, nervous, cardiovascular, and digestive). Studies were excluded if irrelevant or if the experimental procedures were unclear. Results: TCMs have been reported to affect a wide range of gut microbial taxa spanning major phyla, including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria. In all, 54 TCMs including compounds and extracts have been tested in rodents and 30 have been examined in human trials. Almost all studies have reported positive results in regulating the gut microbiome as well as modulating corresponding phenotypes, spanning diseases of the endocrine, immune, nervous, cardiovascular, and digestive systems. Gut species, including Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and E. coli, were found to be regulated by 19 TCMs. A network was constructed to visualize the interactions between TCMs and these taxa. Conclusion: There exists a complex and close relationship between intestinal microflora and diseases. Sufficient experimental data and studies have proved that the imbalance of intestinal microflora affects health by mediating metabolism, immune regulation, inflammation and signal transduction. Many characteristic alterations of intestinal microflora are positively correlated with diseases, so intestinal microflora has become a potential risk index and treatment target for many diseases. Many TCMs affect the relative abundances of microbial species in the gut, and therefore may be useful for modulating the gut microbiome. This review provides a reference for prioritizing candidate TCMs from the enormous repertoire of such medicines to test which specific gut microbes are targeted.展开更多
Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea(CID)is a major concern for cancer patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.Currently,the clinical management of CID is limited.The utilization of antidiarrheal ...Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea(CID)is a major concern for cancer patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.Currently,the clinical management of CID is limited.The utilization of antidiarrheal medications,such as loperamide and octreotide,is relatively limited because of their unsatisfactory efficacy and adverse effects.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has attracted great interest because of its beneficial effect in treating CID,which has multitarget and low-toxicity therapeutic characteristics.TCM exhibits remarkable therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of CID.It can alleviate and treat CID by regulating chemical drug metabolism,improving the integrity of the intestinal barrier,stimulating proliferation while suppressing the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells,ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation and regulating bile acids and aquaporins.However,large-scale,randomized,double-blind clinical trials of TCM for the treatment of CID are lacking,and most preclinical experiments have not been translated to clinical trials.Accordingly,this review highlights the clinical efficacy and molecular mechanisms of TCM against CID via PubMed,Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure and proposes that future research on TCM against CID should focus on strengthening the connection from bench to bed,which may help to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic potential of TCM against CID.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probi...BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.展开更多
Covert timing channels(CTC)exploit network resources to establish hidden communication pathways,posing signi cant risks to data security and policy compliance.erefore,detecting such hidden and dangerous threats remain...Covert timing channels(CTC)exploit network resources to establish hidden communication pathways,posing signi cant risks to data security and policy compliance.erefore,detecting such hidden and dangerous threats remains one of the security challenges. is paper proposes LinguTimeX,a new framework that combines natural language processing with arti cial intelligence,along with explainable Arti cial Intelligence(AI)not only to detect CTC but also to provide insights into the decision process.LinguTimeX performs multidimensional feature extraction by fusing linguistic attributes with temporal network patterns to identify covert channels precisely.LinguTimeX demonstrates strong e ectiveness in detecting CTC across multiple languages;namely English,Arabic,and Chinese.Speci cally,the LSTM and RNN models achieved F1 scores of 90%on the English dataset,89%on the Arabic dataset,and 88%on the Chinese dataset,showcasing their superior performance and ability to generalize across multiple languages. is highlights their robustness in detecting CTCs within security systems,regardless of the language or cultural context of the data.In contrast,the DeepForest model produced F1-scores ranging from 86%to 87%across the same datasets,further con rming its e ectiveness in CTC detection.Although other algorithms also showed reasonable accuracy,the LSTM and RNN models consistently outperformed them in multilingual settings,suggesting that deep learning models might be better suited for this particular problem.展开更多
Early life stress correlates with a higher prevalence of neurological disorders,including autism,attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,schizophrenia,depression,and Parkinson's disease.These conditions,primarily...Early life stress correlates with a higher prevalence of neurological disorders,including autism,attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,schizophrenia,depression,and Parkinson's disease.These conditions,primarily involving abnormal development and damage of the dopaminergic system,pose significant public health challenges.Microglia,as the primary immune cells in the brain,are crucial in regulating neuronal circuit development and survival.From the embryonic stage to adulthood,microglia exhibit stage-specific gene expression profiles,transcriptome characteristics,and functional phenotypes,enhancing the susceptibility to early life stress.However,the role of microglia in mediating dopaminergic system disorders under early life stress conditions remains poorly understood.This review presents an up-to-date overview of preclinical studies elucidating the impact of early life stress on microglia,leading to dopaminergic system disorders,along with the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental conditions.Impaired microglial activity damages dopaminergic neurons by diminishing neurotrophic support(e.g.,insulin-like growth factor-1)and hinders dopaminergic axon growth through defective phagocytosis and synaptic pruning.Furthermore,blunted microglial immunoreactivity suppresses striatal dopaminergic circuit development and reduces neuronal transmission.Furthermore,inflammation and oxidative stress induced by activated microglia can directly damage dopaminergic neurons,inhibiting dopamine synthesis,reuptake,and receptor activity.Enhanced microglial phagocytosis inhibits dopamine axon extension.These long-lasting effects of microglial perturbations may be driven by early life stress–induced epigenetic reprogramming of microglia.Indirectly,early life stress may influence microglial function through various pathways,such as astrocytic activation,the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis,the gut–brain axis,and maternal immune signaling.Finally,various therapeutic strategies and molecular mechanisms for targeting microglia to restore the dopaminergic system were summarized and discussed.These strategies include classical antidepressants and antipsychotics,antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents,and herbal-derived medicine.Further investigations combining pharmacological interventions and genetic strategies are essential to elucidate the causal role of microglial phenotypic and functional perturbations in the dopaminergic system disrupted by early life stress.展开更多
背景:骨关节炎的病理特征为关节软骨的逐渐退化和软骨下骨的异常变形。近年随着医学研究的深入,发现丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路对炎症细胞浸润、炎症因子释放、软骨细胞增殖等方面具有调控作用,这对于治疗骨关节炎尤为重要。目的:就近...背景:骨关节炎的病理特征为关节软骨的逐渐退化和软骨下骨的异常变形。近年随着医学研究的深入,发现丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路对炎症细胞浸润、炎症因子释放、软骨细胞增殖等方面具有调控作用,这对于治疗骨关节炎尤为重要。目的:就近年来丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路调控骨关节炎相关机制的主要研究进展做简要概述,旨在为骨关节炎治疗提供新思路。方法:检索中国知网、万方、PubMed数据库,以“骨关节炎、骨关节病、骨关节炎病、关节退行性变、骨性关节炎,丝裂原激活蛋白激酶、MAPK、MAP激酶、MAPK通路、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶类、细胞外信号调节MAP激酶类以及JNK丝裂原活化蛋白激酶类”等为中文检索词,以“mitogen-activated protein kinases,osteoarthritis,extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinases,p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases,JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases”等为英文检索词,检索2019年1月至2024年11月发表的相关文献,最终纳入108篇文章进行总结分析。结果与结论:①细胞内外的各种刺激会激活丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路,进而调控基因转录和蛋白合成,促进肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6等炎症因子的释放,这些炎症因子的释放加重了骨关节炎的进程;②以皂苷类和黄酮类为主的中药有效成分及以活血化瘀、补益肝肾为主要功效的中药复方和制剂,均可通过抑制丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路来调控基质金属蛋白酶的释放、平衡成骨和破骨稳态、减轻滑膜炎症、减少炎症因子及炎症小体释放、减少焦亡、促进自噬、改善氧化应激等诸多方面对骨关节炎起治疗作用;③虽然中药凭借自身多成分、多靶点、多途径以及不良反应小等优势在骨关节炎治疗中成为热门,但针对个体骨关节炎进展程度运用好丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路指导治疗是该项技术的难点,还需要不断的研究探索;④因此,进一步开发能调控丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路的相关中药抑制剂可能是未来治疗骨关节炎一种潜在的药物策略。展开更多
背景:将中药有效成分整合于水凝胶体系,作为生长因子的替代品或与生长因子相协同,有望显著增强生物材料在骨缺损修复中的治疗效能。目的:系统总结中药有效成分在改善水凝胶材料生物相容性、机械性能等方面的优势以及中药有效成分与水凝...背景:将中药有效成分整合于水凝胶体系,作为生长因子的替代品或与生长因子相协同,有望显著增强生物材料在骨缺损修复中的治疗效能。目的:系统总结中药有效成分在改善水凝胶材料生物相容性、机械性能等方面的优势以及中药有效成分与水凝胶协同运用促进骨修复方面的最新研究进展。方法:以“中药,中药单体,水凝胶,载体,骨组织工程,生物材料,骨,骨修复,骨缺损”为中文检索词,以“Chinese medicine,Chinese medicine monomer,Hydrogel,Carrier,Bone tissue engineering,Bio-material,Bone,Bone repair,Bone defect”为英文检索词,检索2005-2025年期间中国知网、万方、PubMed、Web of Science数据库内的相关文献,依据纳入及排除标准,最终纳入66篇文献进行归纳总结。结果与结论:中药有效成分可以改善水凝胶的生物相容性、机械性能及降解性能,二者联合应用突破了单一材料在力学、生物活性等方面的瓶颈。中药有效成分与水凝胶结合后,可通过调节骨代谢、促进软骨形成、抑制炎症及氧化应激、血管化与血管生成4个维度显著提升骨修复能力。然而,目前关于中药有效成分与水凝胶结合在骨组织工程中的研究仍有不足,距离实际的临床应用仍有挑战。展开更多
背景:对于牙槽骨缺损的再生修复,研究一种促进牙槽骨再生且具有良好性能的材料,对于治疗牙槽骨缺损有着重要意义。目的:汇总近5年有关牙槽骨缺损再生修复的研究,对新材料和新药物进行分类介绍,从而掌握相关领域的最新进展。方法:以“Alv...背景:对于牙槽骨缺损的再生修复,研究一种促进牙槽骨再生且具有良好性能的材料,对于治疗牙槽骨缺损有着重要意义。目的:汇总近5年有关牙槽骨缺损再生修复的研究,对新材料和新药物进行分类介绍,从而掌握相关领域的最新进展。方法:以“Alveolar bone,alveolar bone defect,alveolar bone regeneration,mechanism,biomaterials,nanoscaffolds,hydrogels,medications,anti-inflammatory drugs,simvastatin,metformin,traditional Chinese medicine,growth factor,stem cell”为英文关键词在PubMed数据库检索,以“牙槽骨,牙槽骨缺损,牙槽骨再生,机制,生物材料,纳米支架,水凝胶,药物治疗,抗炎药物,辛伐他汀,二甲双胍,中药,生长因子,干细胞”为中文关键词在中国知网进行检索,通过筛选最终共得到117篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:生物材料的应用既为牙槽骨再生提供支架结构,也可以作为骨替代物修复骨缺损;西药和中药的局部与全身应用可以控制炎症,促进骨再生;负载有各种生长因子的材料具有成骨作用,可以促进牙槽骨缺损的修复;干细胞组织工程的种子细胞具有成骨、成纤维的作用,可以分化为成骨细胞,生成新生骨质。近几年的研究热衷于对以上几种方法的结合使用,研发出新的具有良好生物相容性、可缓慢释放功能药物或材料,来促进牙槽骨缺损的再生修复。展开更多
文摘An important regional organization founded 40 years ago, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is playing an increasingly key role in the region in both economic and geopolitical issues. Beijing Review's North America bureau recently asked Zachary Abuza, professor of political science and international relations at Simmons College in Boston, about ASEAN's relations with China and the United States.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82204610)Qihang Talent Program(L2022046)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021A04013)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ15-YQ-041 and L2021029).
文摘Background:Cyperi Rhizoma,derived from Cyperus rotundus L.,is a widely used medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with Shandong Province recognized as its geo-authentic habitat.However,the quality of Cyperi Rhizoma varies significantly across different regions,potentially influencing its therapeutic efficacy.This study investigates the influence of geographic origin on the chemical composition and overall quality of Cyperi Rhizoma.Methods:A comprehensive approach,including traditional quality assessment,GC-MS(g as c hromatography-m ass s pectrometry),RP-HPLC(r everse p hase h igh-p erformance l iquid c hromatography),and FT-IR(f ourier t ransform i nfrared s pectroscopy)techniques,was employed to analyze Cyperi Rhizoma samples from Shandong Province.These methods examined the physical appearance,chemical profile,and content variations,particularly focusing onα-cyperone.Results:Traditional quality assessments revealed noticeable differences in the external characteristics of the samples.GC-MS analysis identified a variety of unique chemical constituents,while RP-HPLC and FT-IR showed significant variations inα-cyperone content,with higher levels found in Shandong samples.Conclusion:These results demonstrate that geographic origin is a critical determinant of Cyperi Rhizoma quality,with Shandong specimens exhibiting superiorα-cyperone levels and characteristic phytochemical profiles.This validates the geo-authenticity concept in TCM and provides actionable data for developing evidence-based quality standards,suggesting that provenance should be prioritized in medicinal material selection and pharmacopeial specifications.
基金supported by Healthy China initiative of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.889042).
文摘Currently,the number of patients with myopia is increasing rapidly across the globe.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with its long history and rich experience,has shown promise in effectively managing and treating this condition.Nevertheless,considering the vast amount of research that is currently being conducted,focusing on the utilization of TCM in the management of myopia,there is an urgent requirement for a thorough and comprehensive review.The review would serve to clarify the practical applications of TCM within this specific field,and it would also aim to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that are at play,providing a deeper understanding of how TCM principles can be effectively integrated into modern medical practices.Here,some modern medical pathogenesis of myopia and appropriate TCM techniques studies are summarized in the prevention and treatment of myopia.Further,we discussed the potential mechanisms and the future research directions of TCM against myopia.Identifying these mechanisms is crucial for understanding how TCM can be effectively utilized in this context.The combination of various TCM methods or the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine is of great significance for the prevention and control of myopia in the future.
基金funding by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82174492)National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion Project(N o.ZJJBGS2024002-1).
文摘Background: The human gut microbiome is an important target for disease treatment and prevention. Various microbial species within the complex ecosystem of the microbiome have been shown to play important roles in disease. Identification of bioactive materials capable of altering the abundances of these species both safely and effectively is a major goal in microbiome research. Many traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been reported to affect the composition of the gut microbiome. Here, we summarize studies that have used TCMs to alter the gut microbiome and discuss the response relationship between TCMs and gut microbial species. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Knowledge Network databases using the terms “traditional Chinese medicine,” “gut microbiome,” and specific system disease names (endocrine, immune, nervous, cardiovascular, and digestive). Studies were excluded if irrelevant or if the experimental procedures were unclear. Results: TCMs have been reported to affect a wide range of gut microbial taxa spanning major phyla, including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria. In all, 54 TCMs including compounds and extracts have been tested in rodents and 30 have been examined in human trials. Almost all studies have reported positive results in regulating the gut microbiome as well as modulating corresponding phenotypes, spanning diseases of the endocrine, immune, nervous, cardiovascular, and digestive systems. Gut species, including Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and E. coli, were found to be regulated by 19 TCMs. A network was constructed to visualize the interactions between TCMs and these taxa. Conclusion: There exists a complex and close relationship between intestinal microflora and diseases. Sufficient experimental data and studies have proved that the imbalance of intestinal microflora affects health by mediating metabolism, immune regulation, inflammation and signal transduction. Many characteristic alterations of intestinal microflora are positively correlated with diseases, so intestinal microflora has become a potential risk index and treatment target for many diseases. Many TCMs affect the relative abundances of microbial species in the gut, and therefore may be useful for modulating the gut microbiome. This review provides a reference for prioritizing candidate TCMs from the enormous repertoire of such medicines to test which specific gut microbes are targeted.
基金supported by the Innovative Team Project of Ordinary Universities in Guangdong Province(No.2022KCXTD016).
文摘Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea(CID)is a major concern for cancer patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.Currently,the clinical management of CID is limited.The utilization of antidiarrheal medications,such as loperamide and octreotide,is relatively limited because of their unsatisfactory efficacy and adverse effects.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has attracted great interest because of its beneficial effect in treating CID,which has multitarget and low-toxicity therapeutic characteristics.TCM exhibits remarkable therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of CID.It can alleviate and treat CID by regulating chemical drug metabolism,improving the integrity of the intestinal barrier,stimulating proliferation while suppressing the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells,ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation and regulating bile acids and aquaporins.However,large-scale,randomized,double-blind clinical trials of TCM for the treatment of CID are lacking,and most preclinical experiments have not been translated to clinical trials.Accordingly,this review highlights the clinical efficacy and molecular mechanisms of TCM against CID via PubMed,Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure and proposes that future research on TCM against CID should focus on strengthening the connection from bench to bed,which may help to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic potential of TCM against CID.
文摘BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.
基金This study is financed by the European Union-NextGenerationEU,through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republic of Bulgaria,Project No.BG-RRP-2.013-0001.
文摘Covert timing channels(CTC)exploit network resources to establish hidden communication pathways,posing signi cant risks to data security and policy compliance.erefore,detecting such hidden and dangerous threats remains one of the security challenges. is paper proposes LinguTimeX,a new framework that combines natural language processing with arti cial intelligence,along with explainable Arti cial Intelligence(AI)not only to detect CTC but also to provide insights into the decision process.LinguTimeX performs multidimensional feature extraction by fusing linguistic attributes with temporal network patterns to identify covert channels precisely.LinguTimeX demonstrates strong e ectiveness in detecting CTC across multiple languages;namely English,Arabic,and Chinese.Speci cally,the LSTM and RNN models achieved F1 scores of 90%on the English dataset,89%on the Arabic dataset,and 88%on the Chinese dataset,showcasing their superior performance and ability to generalize across multiple languages. is highlights their robustness in detecting CTCs within security systems,regardless of the language or cultural context of the data.In contrast,the DeepForest model produced F1-scores ranging from 86%to 87%across the same datasets,further con rming its e ectiveness in CTC detection.Although other algorithms also showed reasonable accuracy,the LSTM and RNN models consistently outperformed them in multilingual settings,suggesting that deep learning models might be better suited for this particular problem.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82304990(to NY),81973748(to JC),82174278(to JC)the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2023YFE0209500(to JC)+4 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2023M732380(to NY)Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.202102010014(to JC)Huang Zhendong Research Fund for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jinan University,No.201911(to JC)National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduates in China,No.202310559128(to NY and QM)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduates at Jinan University,Nos.CX24380,CX24381(both to NY and QM)。
文摘Early life stress correlates with a higher prevalence of neurological disorders,including autism,attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,schizophrenia,depression,and Parkinson's disease.These conditions,primarily involving abnormal development and damage of the dopaminergic system,pose significant public health challenges.Microglia,as the primary immune cells in the brain,are crucial in regulating neuronal circuit development and survival.From the embryonic stage to adulthood,microglia exhibit stage-specific gene expression profiles,transcriptome characteristics,and functional phenotypes,enhancing the susceptibility to early life stress.However,the role of microglia in mediating dopaminergic system disorders under early life stress conditions remains poorly understood.This review presents an up-to-date overview of preclinical studies elucidating the impact of early life stress on microglia,leading to dopaminergic system disorders,along with the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental conditions.Impaired microglial activity damages dopaminergic neurons by diminishing neurotrophic support(e.g.,insulin-like growth factor-1)and hinders dopaminergic axon growth through defective phagocytosis and synaptic pruning.Furthermore,blunted microglial immunoreactivity suppresses striatal dopaminergic circuit development and reduces neuronal transmission.Furthermore,inflammation and oxidative stress induced by activated microglia can directly damage dopaminergic neurons,inhibiting dopamine synthesis,reuptake,and receptor activity.Enhanced microglial phagocytosis inhibits dopamine axon extension.These long-lasting effects of microglial perturbations may be driven by early life stress–induced epigenetic reprogramming of microglia.Indirectly,early life stress may influence microglial function through various pathways,such as astrocytic activation,the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis,the gut–brain axis,and maternal immune signaling.Finally,various therapeutic strategies and molecular mechanisms for targeting microglia to restore the dopaminergic system were summarized and discussed.These strategies include classical antidepressants and antipsychotics,antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents,and herbal-derived medicine.Further investigations combining pharmacological interventions and genetic strategies are essential to elucidate the causal role of microglial phenotypic and functional perturbations in the dopaminergic system disrupted by early life stress.
文摘背景:骨关节炎的病理特征为关节软骨的逐渐退化和软骨下骨的异常变形。近年随着医学研究的深入,发现丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路对炎症细胞浸润、炎症因子释放、软骨细胞增殖等方面具有调控作用,这对于治疗骨关节炎尤为重要。目的:就近年来丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路调控骨关节炎相关机制的主要研究进展做简要概述,旨在为骨关节炎治疗提供新思路。方法:检索中国知网、万方、PubMed数据库,以“骨关节炎、骨关节病、骨关节炎病、关节退行性变、骨性关节炎,丝裂原激活蛋白激酶、MAPK、MAP激酶、MAPK通路、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶类、细胞外信号调节MAP激酶类以及JNK丝裂原活化蛋白激酶类”等为中文检索词,以“mitogen-activated protein kinases,osteoarthritis,extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinases,p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases,JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases”等为英文检索词,检索2019年1月至2024年11月发表的相关文献,最终纳入108篇文章进行总结分析。结果与结论:①细胞内外的各种刺激会激活丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路,进而调控基因转录和蛋白合成,促进肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6等炎症因子的释放,这些炎症因子的释放加重了骨关节炎的进程;②以皂苷类和黄酮类为主的中药有效成分及以活血化瘀、补益肝肾为主要功效的中药复方和制剂,均可通过抑制丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路来调控基质金属蛋白酶的释放、平衡成骨和破骨稳态、减轻滑膜炎症、减少炎症因子及炎症小体释放、减少焦亡、促进自噬、改善氧化应激等诸多方面对骨关节炎起治疗作用;③虽然中药凭借自身多成分、多靶点、多途径以及不良反应小等优势在骨关节炎治疗中成为热门,但针对个体骨关节炎进展程度运用好丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路指导治疗是该项技术的难点,还需要不断的研究探索;④因此,进一步开发能调控丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路的相关中药抑制剂可能是未来治疗骨关节炎一种潜在的药物策略。
文摘背景:将中药有效成分整合于水凝胶体系,作为生长因子的替代品或与生长因子相协同,有望显著增强生物材料在骨缺损修复中的治疗效能。目的:系统总结中药有效成分在改善水凝胶材料生物相容性、机械性能等方面的优势以及中药有效成分与水凝胶协同运用促进骨修复方面的最新研究进展。方法:以“中药,中药单体,水凝胶,载体,骨组织工程,生物材料,骨,骨修复,骨缺损”为中文检索词,以“Chinese medicine,Chinese medicine monomer,Hydrogel,Carrier,Bone tissue engineering,Bio-material,Bone,Bone repair,Bone defect”为英文检索词,检索2005-2025年期间中国知网、万方、PubMed、Web of Science数据库内的相关文献,依据纳入及排除标准,最终纳入66篇文献进行归纳总结。结果与结论:中药有效成分可以改善水凝胶的生物相容性、机械性能及降解性能,二者联合应用突破了单一材料在力学、生物活性等方面的瓶颈。中药有效成分与水凝胶结合后,可通过调节骨代谢、促进软骨形成、抑制炎症及氧化应激、血管化与血管生成4个维度显著提升骨修复能力。然而,目前关于中药有效成分与水凝胶结合在骨组织工程中的研究仍有不足,距离实际的临床应用仍有挑战。
文摘背景:对于牙槽骨缺损的再生修复,研究一种促进牙槽骨再生且具有良好性能的材料,对于治疗牙槽骨缺损有着重要意义。目的:汇总近5年有关牙槽骨缺损再生修复的研究,对新材料和新药物进行分类介绍,从而掌握相关领域的最新进展。方法:以“Alveolar bone,alveolar bone defect,alveolar bone regeneration,mechanism,biomaterials,nanoscaffolds,hydrogels,medications,anti-inflammatory drugs,simvastatin,metformin,traditional Chinese medicine,growth factor,stem cell”为英文关键词在PubMed数据库检索,以“牙槽骨,牙槽骨缺损,牙槽骨再生,机制,生物材料,纳米支架,水凝胶,药物治疗,抗炎药物,辛伐他汀,二甲双胍,中药,生长因子,干细胞”为中文关键词在中国知网进行检索,通过筛选最终共得到117篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:生物材料的应用既为牙槽骨再生提供支架结构,也可以作为骨替代物修复骨缺损;西药和中药的局部与全身应用可以控制炎症,促进骨再生;负载有各种生长因子的材料具有成骨作用,可以促进牙槽骨缺损的修复;干细胞组织工程的种子细胞具有成骨、成纤维的作用,可以分化为成骨细胞,生成新生骨质。近几年的研究热衷于对以上几种方法的结合使用,研发出新的具有良好生物相容性、可缓慢释放功能药物或材料,来促进牙槽骨缺损的再生修复。
