With Zunyi CINRAD/CD Doppler radar data and other data,a hail wind and heavy rainfall in short time occurred on July 10,2008 in northern Guizhou Province was analyzed in this study.The results showed that the system w...With Zunyi CINRAD/CD Doppler radar data and other data,a hail wind and heavy rainfall in short time occurred on July 10,2008 in northern Guizhou Province was analyzed in this study.The results showed that the system was affected by the southward of cold air pressure in a low-shear vortex zone.Echo monomer initially developed and arranged along the shear line,and there was hail weather in echo location with intense development.Before the hail shooting,the strongest echo value was 60-65 dBz.When the hail shooting,the low-elevation echo intensity sharply increased to 55-60 dBz with echo height of 11-15 km and VIL values>35 kg/m2,and its echo distribution showed band characteristics of vortex.When the vortex center moved to the original echo,echo intensity increased,resulting in a profound and lasting convergence of cyclones,and hail or strong wind occurred on the ground.Hail and strong short-term precipitation in towns of northern Renhuai might be related to the left inverted U-terrain.Echoes from Yongxing and Yuquan in Meitan,Xuekong and Xitou in Renhuai were the supercell echoes,and other regional hail shooting echoes were strong multi-monomer echoes.展开更多
The flow of the weak electrolyte solution can be controlled by Lorentz force achieved with the suitable magnetic and electric fields, and it has the advantages of vortex street suppression, drag reduction, lift enhanc...The flow of the weak electrolyte solution can be controlled by Lorentz force achieved with the suitable magnetic and electric fields, and it has the advantages of vortex street suppression, drag reduction, lift enhancement and oscillatory suppression for the flow over a bluff body. The electro-magnetic control of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a circular cylinder in the shear flow was investigated numerically in the exponential-polar coordinates attached on the moving cylinder for Re=150. With the effect of background vorticity, the vortex street of VIV cylinder was composed of two parallel rows with an opposite sign of the vortices which inclines toward the lower side and the strength of upper vortex is larger than that of lower vortex. The lift force vibrated periodically with the effect of vortex shedding and the mean value was negative due to the background vorticity. The Lorentz force for controlling the VIV cylinder was classified into the field Lorentz force and the wall Lorentz force. The field Lorentz force suppresses the lift oscillation, and in turn, suppresses the VIV, whereas the wall Lorentz force increases the lift.展开更多
The traditional Kelvin-Helmholtz notion of studying the shear instability is not suitable for the case associated with shear line with the strong wind shear in the vortex sheet. Since then, the shear instability becom...The traditional Kelvin-Helmholtz notion of studying the shear instability is not suitable for the case associated with shear line with the strong wind shear in the vortex sheet. Since then, the shear instability becomes theinstability of the vortex sheet. If the velocity is induced by the vortex sheet, the inequalities (1? R r + Ri d)> 0 and U(v,t)> U(A(t)) become the criterion of the vortex sheet instability. This criterion indicates that 1) the disposition of environment field restrains the disturbance developing along the shear line. 2) There exist multi—scale interactions in the unstable process of the shear line. The calculation of the necessary condition for the instability is also presented in this paper. Key words Shear line - Induced velocity - Instability of the vortex sheet This work was supported by the project on the study of the formative mechanism and predictive theory of the significant climate and weather disaster in China under Grant G 1998040907 and by the key project on the Dynamic Study of Severe Mesoscale Covective Systems sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.49735180.展开更多
A series of fully three-dimensional(3 D) numerical simulations of flow past a free-to-oscillate curved flexible riser in shear flow were conducted at Reynolds number of 185–1015. The numerical results obtained by the...A series of fully three-dimensional(3 D) numerical simulations of flow past a free-to-oscillate curved flexible riser in shear flow were conducted at Reynolds number of 185–1015. The numerical results obtained by the two-way fluid–structure interaction(FSI) simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results reported in the earlier study. It is further found that the frequency transition is out of phase not only in the inline(IL) and crossflow(CF) directions but also along the span direction. The mode competition leads to the non-zero nodes of the rootmean-square(RMS) amplitude and the relatively chaotic trajectories. The fluid–structure interaction is to some extent reflected by the transverse velocity of the ambient fluid, which reaches the maximum value when the riser reaches the equilibrium position. Moreover, the local maximum transverse velocities occur at the peak CF amplitudes, and the values are relatively large when the vibration is in the resonance regions. The 3 D vortex columns are shed nearly parallel to the axis of the curved flexible riser. As the local Reynolds number increases from 0 at the bottom of the riser to the maximum value at the top, the wake undergoes a transition from a two-dimensional structure to a 3 D one. More irregular small-scale vortices appeared at the wake region of the riser, undergoing large amplitude responses.展开更多
A numerical study based on a wake oscillator model was conducted to determine the response performance of vortex-induced vibration(VIV) on a long flexible cylinder with pinned-pinned boundary conditions subjected to l...A numerical study based on a wake oscillator model was conducted to determine the response performance of vortex-induced vibration(VIV) on a long flexible cylinder with pinned-pinned boundary conditions subjected to linear and exponential shear flows. The coupling equations of a structural vibration model and wake oscillator model were solved using a standard central finite difference method of the second order. The VIV response characteristics including the structural displacement, structural frequency, structural wavenumber, standing wave behavior,travelling wave behavior, structural velocity, lift force coefficient and transferred energy from the fluid to the structure with different flow profiles were compared. The numerical results show that the VIV displacement is a combination of standing waves and travelling waves. For linear shear flow, standing waves and travelling waves dominate the VIV response within the low-velocity and high-velocity zones, respectively. The negative values of the transferred energy only occur within the low-velocity zone. However, for exponential shear flow, travelling waves dominate the VIV response and the negative energy occurs along the entire length of the cylinder.展开更多
Numerical simulation is applied to detail the combustion characteristics of n-decane sprays in highly compressible vortices formed in a supersonic mixing layer. The multi-phase reacting flow is modeled, in which the s...Numerical simulation is applied to detail the combustion characteristics of n-decane sprays in highly compressible vortices formed in a supersonic mixing layer. The multi-phase reacting flow is modeled, in which the shear flow is solved Eulerianly by means of direct numerical simulation, and the motions of individual sub-grid point-mass fuel droplets are tracked Lagrangianly.Spray combustion behaviors are studied under different ambient pressures. Results indicate that ignition kernels are formed at high-strain vortex braids, where the scalar dissipation rates are high.The flame kernels are then strongly strained, associated with the rotation of the shearing vortex, and propagate to envelop the local vortex. It is observed that the flammable mixtures entrained in the vortex are burned from the edge to the core of the vortex until the reactants are completely consumed. As the ambient pressure increases, the high-temperature region expands so that the behaviors of spray flames are strongly changed. An overall analysis of the combustion field indicates that the time-averaged temperature increases, and the fluctuating pressure decreases, resulting in a more stable spray combustion under higher pressures, primarily due to the acceleration of the chemical reaction.展开更多
A time domain model is presented to study the vibrations of long slender cylinders placed in shear flow. Long slender cylinders such as risers and tension legs are widely used in the field of ocean engineering. They a...A time domain model is presented to study the vibrations of long slender cylinders placed in shear flow. Long slender cylinders such as risers and tension legs are widely used in the field of ocean engineering. They are subjected to vortex-induced vibrations（VIV） when placed within a transverse incident flow. A three dimensional model coupled with wake oscillators is formulated to describe the response of the slender cylinder in cross-flow and in-line directions. The wake oscillators are distributed along the cylinder and the vortex-shedding frequency is derived from the local current velocity. A non-linear fiuid force model is accounted for the coupled effect between cross-flow and in-line vibrations. The comparisons with the published experimental data show that the dynamic features of VIV of long slender cylinder placed in shear flow can be obtained by the proposed model,such as the spanwise average displacement,vibration frequency,dominant mode and the combination of standing and traveling waves. The simulation in a uniform flow is also conducted and the result is compared with the case of nonuniform flow. It is concluded that the flow shear characteristic has significantly changed the cylinder vibration behavior.展开更多
In this study,the effect of vertical wind shear(VWS)on the intensification of tropical cyclone(TC)is investigated via the numerical simulations.Results indicate that weak shear tends to facilitate the development of T...In this study,the effect of vertical wind shear(VWS)on the intensification of tropical cyclone(TC)is investigated via the numerical simulations.Results indicate that weak shear tends to facilitate the development of TC while strong shear appears to inhibit the intensification of TC.As the VWS is imposed on the TC,the vortex of the cyclone tends to tilt vertically and significantly in the upper troposphere.Consequently,the upward motion is considerably enhanced in the downshear side of the storm center and correspondingly,the low-to mid-level potential temperature decreases under the effect of adiabatic cooling,which leads to the increase of the low-to mid-level static instability and relative humidity and then facilitates the burst of convection.In the case of weak shear,the vertical tilting of the vortex is weak and the increase of ascent,static instability and relative humidity occur in the area close to the TC center.Therefore,active convection happens in the TC center region and facilitates the enhancement of vorticity in the inner core region and then the intensification of TC.In contrast,due to strong VWS,the increase of the ascent,static instability and relative humidity induced by the vertical tilting mainly appear in the outer region of TC in the case with stronger shear,and the convection in the inner-core area of TC is rather weak and convective activity mainly happens in the outer-region of the TC.Therefore,the development of a warm core is inhibited and then the intensification of TC is delayed.Different from previous numerical results obtained by imposing VWS suddenly to a strong TC,the simulation performed in this work shows that,even when the VWS is as strong as 12 m s-1,the tropical storm can still experience rapid intensification and finally develop into a strong tropical cyclone after a relatively long period of adjustment.It is found that the convection plays an important role in the adjusting period.On one hand,the convection leads to the horizontal convergence of the low-level vorticity flux and therefore leads to the enhancement of the low-level vorticity in the inner-core area of the cyclone.On the other hand,the active ascent accompanying the convection tends to transport the low-level vorticity to the middle levels.The enhanced vorticity in the lower to middle troposphere strengths the interaction between the low-and mid-level cyclonical circulation and the upper-level circulation deviated from the storm center under the effect of VWS.As a result,the vertical tilting of the vortex is considerably decreased,and then the cyclone starts to develop rapidly.展开更多
An attempt has been made to explore whether the power relation can be obtained from theoretical considerations. The classical laminar and turbulent boundary layer concepts have been employed to determine appropriate v...An attempt has been made to explore whether the power relation can be obtained from theoretical considerations. The classical laminar and turbulent boundary layer concepts have been employed to determine appropriate values of the scaling lengths associated with vortex shedding and shear layer frequencies to predict the power law relationship with Reynolds number. The predicted results are in good agreement with experimental results. The findings will provide a greater insight into the overall phenomenon involved.展开更多
By using the conventional data,the rainfall data in the automatic weather station and so on,a regional heavy rainstorm which happened in the northwest and north central region of Shandong Province during May 9-10,2009...By using the conventional data,the rainfall data in the automatic weather station and so on,a regional heavy rainstorm which happened in the northwest and north central region of Shandong Province during May 9-10,2009 was analyzed.The results showed that the cooling shear line in low altitude was the main system which caused the heavy rainstorm.The rainstorm mainly happened on the left front of jet stream in low altitude,the right of cooling shear line in low altitude and the northeast quadrant of vortex.The southwest jet stream in the west of subtropical high established a water vapor passage from the South China Sea to the center of North China.It not only provided warm and wet air and energy for the development of heavy rainstorm,but also was the necessary condition which shear line in low altitude stagnated for a long time.Ground frontal cyclone was the trigger mechanism of rainstorm.The northeast wet and cold air joined with the southwest warm and wet air in Shandong after the front,which prompted the development of convection and the release of instable energy to form the rainstorm.展开更多
The results of the numerical studies of vortex formation inside short heat pipes (HP’s) with profiled vapour channel in the Laval-liked nozzle form are presented. For the first time, it was found that the vapour vort...The results of the numerical studies of vortex formation inside short heat pipes (HP’s) with profiled vapour channel in the Laval-liked nozzle form are presented. For the first time, it was found that the vapour vortex of moist compressible vapour flow in the cooled part of vapour channel changes its rotational motion direction. The rotation direction of the toroidal vapour vortex, obtained by solving the Navier Stokes equations is dependent on the heat power value, entering to the HP’s evaporator. With low heat power loads the rotational direction of the circular toroidal vapour ring due to the Coanda effect and sticking moving vapour jets to the channel’s walls occurs from the periphery to the longitudinal axis of the vapour channel. While the heat power load increasing, the direction of the circular toroidal vapour ring rotation changes to the opposite, from the longitudinal axis to the periphery of the vapour channel. The thickness of the formed working fluid condensate film located under the toroidal vapour vortex also related to the evaporator heat power load and the associated toroidal vapour vortex rotation direction. The numerical thickness calculation of the formed working fluid condensate film located under the toroidal vapour vortex was compared with experimental values, obtained by capacitive sensors. The thickness values of the calculated condensate film thickness and experimentally measured values using capacitive sensors are close in magnitude order.展开更多
The multipolar velocity field structures are investigated by 2D momentum conservation equation with 3D equilibrium sheared flows in the full toroidal system. Numerical results show that the non-existence of radial vel...The multipolar velocity field structures are investigated by 2D momentum conservation equation with 3D equilibrium sheared flows in the full toroidal system. Numerical results show that the non-existence of radial velocity field in equilibrium surfaces is suitable only for the zero-order term of our 2D simulation. The non-zero-order radial velocity field is still preserved, even when converted to conventional magnetic surface coordinates. The distribution of velocity field vectors of the order of 1, 2, and 3 are presented respectively in 2, 4, and 6 polar fields with the local vortex structure. The excitation mechanisms of these velocity vortices are the coupling effects of the magneto-fluid structure patterns and the toroidal effects. These results can help us understand the complexity of core physics, the transverse transport across magnetic field by the radial plasma flow and the formation of velocity vortices.展开更多
The relationship between wall shear stresses and near-wall streamwise vortices is investigated via a direct numerical simulation(DNS) of turbulent flows over a wavy boundary with traveling-wave motion. The results ind...The relationship between wall shear stresses and near-wall streamwise vortices is investigated via a direct numerical simulation(DNS) of turbulent flows over a wavy boundary with traveling-wave motion. The results indicate that the wall shear stresses are still closely related to the near-wall streamwise vortices in the presence of a wave. The wave age and wave phase significantly affect the distribution of a two-point correlation coefficient between the wall shear stresses and streamwise vorticity. For the slow wave case of c/Um = 0.14, the correlation is attenuated above the leeward side while the distribution of correlation function is more elongated and also exhibits a larger vertical extent above the crest. With respect to the fast wave case of c/U_m=1.4, the distribution of the correlation function is recovered in a manner similar to that in the flat-wall case. In this case, the maximum correlation coefficient exhibits only slight differences at different wave phases while the vertical distribution of the correlation function depends on the wave phase.展开更多
The characteristics of a uniform-shear flow over a circular cylinder are in- vestigated numerically by using the alternative-direction implicit （ADI） algorithm and a fast Fourier transform （FFT） one in the exponen...The characteristics of a uniform-shear flow over a circular cylinder are in- vestigated numerically by using the alternative-direction implicit （ADI） algorithm and a fast Fourier transform （FFT） one in the exponential-polar coordinates for Re = 150 and 0 ≤ K ≤ 0.46. The diagram of lift-drag phase, implying the detail information about the fluctuations of drag and lift as well as the flow patterns in the wake and fluctuating pres- sure on the cylinder surface, is used to describe the effects of the shear rate on the flow. Results show that the upper （or lower） closed curve of a phase diagram corresponds to the first （or second） half shedding cycle. The lift-drag phase diagram will move down-left with the increase of shear rate K such that the lift is exerted from the upper side to the lower side, and the drag on the first half shedding cycle is smaller than that on the second half.展开更多
文摘With Zunyi CINRAD/CD Doppler radar data and other data,a hail wind and heavy rainfall in short time occurred on July 10,2008 in northern Guizhou Province was analyzed in this study.The results showed that the system was affected by the southward of cold air pressure in a low-shear vortex zone.Echo monomer initially developed and arranged along the shear line,and there was hail weather in echo location with intense development.Before the hail shooting,the strongest echo value was 60-65 dBz.When the hail shooting,the low-elevation echo intensity sharply increased to 55-60 dBz with echo height of 11-15 km and VIL values>35 kg/m2,and its echo distribution showed band characteristics of vortex.When the vortex center moved to the original echo,echo intensity increased,resulting in a profound and lasting convergence of cyclones,and hail or strong wind occurred on the ground.Hail and strong short-term precipitation in towns of northern Renhuai might be related to the left inverted U-terrain.Echoes from Yongxing and Yuquan in Meitan,Xuekong and Xitou in Renhuai were the supercell echoes,and other regional hail shooting echoes were strong multi-monomer echoes.
基金Sponsored by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (11202102,11172140)
文摘The flow of the weak electrolyte solution can be controlled by Lorentz force achieved with the suitable magnetic and electric fields, and it has the advantages of vortex street suppression, drag reduction, lift enhancement and oscillatory suppression for the flow over a bluff body. The electro-magnetic control of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a circular cylinder in the shear flow was investigated numerically in the exponential-polar coordinates attached on the moving cylinder for Re=150. With the effect of background vorticity, the vortex street of VIV cylinder was composed of two parallel rows with an opposite sign of the vortices which inclines toward the lower side and the strength of upper vortex is larger than that of lower vortex. The lift force vibrated periodically with the effect of vortex shedding and the mean value was negative due to the background vorticity. The Lorentz force for controlling the VIV cylinder was classified into the field Lorentz force and the wall Lorentz force. The field Lorentz force suppresses the lift oscillation, and in turn, suppresses the VIV, whereas the wall Lorentz force increases the lift.
基金This work was supported by the project on the study of the formative mechanism and predictive theory of the significant climat
文摘The traditional Kelvin-Helmholtz notion of studying the shear instability is not suitable for the case associated with shear line with the strong wind shear in the vortex sheet. Since then, the shear instability becomes theinstability of the vortex sheet. If the velocity is induced by the vortex sheet, the inequalities (1? R r + Ri d)> 0 and U(v,t)> U(A(t)) become the criterion of the vortex sheet instability. This criterion indicates that 1) the disposition of environment field restrains the disturbance developing along the shear line. 2) There exist multi—scale interactions in the unstable process of the shear line. The calculation of the necessary condition for the instability is also presented in this paper. Key words Shear line - Induced velocity - Instability of the vortex sheet This work was supported by the project on the study of the formative mechanism and predictive theory of the significant climate and weather disaster in China under Grant G 1998040907 and by the key project on the Dynamic Study of Severe Mesoscale Covective Systems sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.49735180.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11502220 and51479126)the Youth Science and Technology Foundation of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2017JQ0055)the Youth Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of the Safety of Deep-Water Pipe Strings of Southwest Petroleum University(Grant No.2017CXTD06)
文摘A series of fully three-dimensional(3 D) numerical simulations of flow past a free-to-oscillate curved flexible riser in shear flow were conducted at Reynolds number of 185–1015. The numerical results obtained by the two-way fluid–structure interaction(FSI) simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results reported in the earlier study. It is further found that the frequency transition is out of phase not only in the inline(IL) and crossflow(CF) directions but also along the span direction. The mode competition leads to the non-zero nodes of the rootmean-square(RMS) amplitude and the relatively chaotic trajectories. The fluid–structure interaction is to some extent reflected by the transverse velocity of the ambient fluid, which reaches the maximum value when the riser reaches the equilibrium position. Moreover, the local maximum transverse velocities occur at the peak CF amplitudes, and the values are relatively large when the vibration is in the resonance regions. The 3 D vortex columns are shed nearly parallel to the axis of the curved flexible riser. As the local Reynolds number increases from 0 at the bottom of the riser to the maximum value at the top, the wake undergoes a transition from a two-dimensional structure to a 3 D one. More irregular small-scale vortices appeared at the wake region of the riser, undergoing large amplitude responses.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51609206,51522902 and 51579040)
文摘A numerical study based on a wake oscillator model was conducted to determine the response performance of vortex-induced vibration(VIV) on a long flexible cylinder with pinned-pinned boundary conditions subjected to linear and exponential shear flows. The coupling equations of a structural vibration model and wake oscillator model were solved using a standard central finite difference method of the second order. The VIV response characteristics including the structural displacement, structural frequency, structural wavenumber, standing wave behavior,travelling wave behavior, structural velocity, lift force coefficient and transferred energy from the fluid to the structure with different flow profiles were compared. The numerical results show that the VIV displacement is a combination of standing waves and travelling waves. For linear shear flow, standing waves and travelling waves dominate the VIV response within the low-velocity and high-velocity zones, respectively. The negative values of the transferred energy only occur within the low-velocity zone. However, for exponential shear flow, travelling waves dominate the VIV response and the negative energy occurs along the entire length of the cylinder.
基金the partial finical supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51676111)the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the China Academy of Engineering Physics(No.U1730104)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program,China(No.2014Z05091)
文摘Numerical simulation is applied to detail the combustion characteristics of n-decane sprays in highly compressible vortices formed in a supersonic mixing layer. The multi-phase reacting flow is modeled, in which the shear flow is solved Eulerianly by means of direct numerical simulation, and the motions of individual sub-grid point-mass fuel droplets are tracked Lagrangianly.Spray combustion behaviors are studied under different ambient pressures. Results indicate that ignition kernels are formed at high-strain vortex braids, where the scalar dissipation rates are high.The flame kernels are then strongly strained, associated with the rotation of the shearing vortex, and propagate to envelop the local vortex. It is observed that the flammable mixtures entrained in the vortex are burned from the edge to the core of the vortex until the reactants are completely consumed. As the ambient pressure increases, the high-temperature region expands so that the behaviors of spray flames are strongly changed. An overall analysis of the combustion field indicates that the time-averaged temperature increases, and the fluctuating pressure decreases, resulting in a more stable spray combustion under higher pressures, primarily due to the acceleration of the chemical reaction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10532070)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJCX2-YW-L07)the LNM Initial Funding for Young Investigators
文摘A time domain model is presented to study the vibrations of long slender cylinders placed in shear flow. Long slender cylinders such as risers and tension legs are widely used in the field of ocean engineering. They are subjected to vortex-induced vibrations（VIV） when placed within a transverse incident flow. A three dimensional model coupled with wake oscillators is formulated to describe the response of the slender cylinder in cross-flow and in-line directions. The wake oscillators are distributed along the cylinder and the vortex-shedding frequency is derived from the local current velocity. A non-linear fiuid force model is accounted for the coupled effect between cross-flow and in-line vibrations. The comparisons with the published experimental data show that the dynamic features of VIV of long slender cylinder placed in shear flow can be obtained by the proposed model,such as the spanwise average displacement,vibration frequency,dominant mode and the combination of standing and traveling waves. The simulation in a uniform flow is also conducted and the result is compared with the case of nonuniform flow. It is concluded that the flow shear characteristic has significantly changed the cylinder vibration behavior.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(40921160382,40730948 and 40830958)State Key Basic Program of China(2009CB421502)
文摘In this study,the effect of vertical wind shear(VWS)on the intensification of tropical cyclone(TC)is investigated via the numerical simulations.Results indicate that weak shear tends to facilitate the development of TC while strong shear appears to inhibit the intensification of TC.As the VWS is imposed on the TC,the vortex of the cyclone tends to tilt vertically and significantly in the upper troposphere.Consequently,the upward motion is considerably enhanced in the downshear side of the storm center and correspondingly,the low-to mid-level potential temperature decreases under the effect of adiabatic cooling,which leads to the increase of the low-to mid-level static instability and relative humidity and then facilitates the burst of convection.In the case of weak shear,the vertical tilting of the vortex is weak and the increase of ascent,static instability and relative humidity occur in the area close to the TC center.Therefore,active convection happens in the TC center region and facilitates the enhancement of vorticity in the inner core region and then the intensification of TC.In contrast,due to strong VWS,the increase of the ascent,static instability and relative humidity induced by the vertical tilting mainly appear in the outer region of TC in the case with stronger shear,and the convection in the inner-core area of TC is rather weak and convective activity mainly happens in the outer-region of the TC.Therefore,the development of a warm core is inhibited and then the intensification of TC is delayed.Different from previous numerical results obtained by imposing VWS suddenly to a strong TC,the simulation performed in this work shows that,even when the VWS is as strong as 12 m s-1,the tropical storm can still experience rapid intensification and finally develop into a strong tropical cyclone after a relatively long period of adjustment.It is found that the convection plays an important role in the adjusting period.On one hand,the convection leads to the horizontal convergence of the low-level vorticity flux and therefore leads to the enhancement of the low-level vorticity in the inner-core area of the cyclone.On the other hand,the active ascent accompanying the convection tends to transport the low-level vorticity to the middle levels.The enhanced vorticity in the lower to middle troposphere strengths the interaction between the low-and mid-level cyclonical circulation and the upper-level circulation deviated from the storm center under the effect of VWS.As a result,the vertical tilting of the vortex is considerably decreased,and then the cyclone starts to develop rapidly.
文摘An attempt has been made to explore whether the power relation can be obtained from theoretical considerations. The classical laminar and turbulent boundary layer concepts have been employed to determine appropriate values of the scaling lengths associated with vortex shedding and shear layer frequencies to predict the power law relationship with Reynolds number. The predicted results are in good agreement with experimental results. The findings will provide a greater insight into the overall phenomenon involved.
文摘By using the conventional data,the rainfall data in the automatic weather station and so on,a regional heavy rainstorm which happened in the northwest and north central region of Shandong Province during May 9-10,2009 was analyzed.The results showed that the cooling shear line in low altitude was the main system which caused the heavy rainstorm.The rainstorm mainly happened on the left front of jet stream in low altitude,the right of cooling shear line in low altitude and the northeast quadrant of vortex.The southwest jet stream in the west of subtropical high established a water vapor passage from the South China Sea to the center of North China.It not only provided warm and wet air and energy for the development of heavy rainstorm,but also was the necessary condition which shear line in low altitude stagnated for a long time.Ground frontal cyclone was the trigger mechanism of rainstorm.The northeast wet and cold air joined with the southwest warm and wet air in Shandong after the front,which prompted the development of convection and the release of instable energy to form the rainstorm.
文摘The results of the numerical studies of vortex formation inside short heat pipes (HP’s) with profiled vapour channel in the Laval-liked nozzle form are presented. For the first time, it was found that the vapour vortex of moist compressible vapour flow in the cooled part of vapour channel changes its rotational motion direction. The rotation direction of the toroidal vapour vortex, obtained by solving the Navier Stokes equations is dependent on the heat power value, entering to the HP’s evaporator. With low heat power loads the rotational direction of the circular toroidal vapour ring due to the Coanda effect and sticking moving vapour jets to the channel’s walls occurs from the periphery to the longitudinal axis of the vapour channel. While the heat power load increasing, the direction of the circular toroidal vapour ring rotation changes to the opposite, from the longitudinal axis to the periphery of the vapour channel. The thickness of the formed working fluid condensate film located under the toroidal vapour vortex also related to the evaporator heat power load and the associated toroidal vapour vortex rotation direction. The numerical thickness calculation of the formed working fluid condensate film located under the toroidal vapour vortex was compared with experimental values, obtained by capacitive sensors. The thickness values of the calculated condensate film thickness and experimentally measured values using capacitive sensors are close in magnitude order.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11575066Domestic ITER under Grant No.2009GB105003
文摘The multipolar velocity field structures are investigated by 2D momentum conservation equation with 3D equilibrium sheared flows in the full toroidal system. Numerical results show that the non-existence of radial velocity field in equilibrium surfaces is suitable only for the zero-order term of our 2D simulation. The non-zero-order radial velocity field is still preserved, even when converted to conventional magnetic surface coordinates. The distribution of velocity field vectors of the order of 1, 2, and 3 are presented respectively in 2, 4, and 6 polar fields with the local vortex structure. The excitation mechanisms of these velocity vortices are the coupling effects of the magneto-fluid structure patterns and the toroidal effects. These results can help us understand the complexity of core physics, the transverse transport across magnetic field by the radial plasma flow and the formation of velocity vortices.
基金Project supported by the the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91752205 and 11772172)the "13th Five-Year Plan" Equipment Development Common Technology Pre-research(No.41407020501)
文摘The relationship between wall shear stresses and near-wall streamwise vortices is investigated via a direct numerical simulation(DNS) of turbulent flows over a wavy boundary with traveling-wave motion. The results indicate that the wall shear stresses are still closely related to the near-wall streamwise vortices in the presence of a wave. The wave age and wave phase significantly affect the distribution of a two-point correlation coefficient between the wall shear stresses and streamwise vorticity. For the slow wave case of c/Um = 0.14, the correlation is attenuated above the leeward side while the distribution of correlation function is more elongated and also exhibits a larger vertical extent above the crest. With respect to the fast wave case of c/U_m=1.4, the distribution of the correlation function is recovered in a manner similar to that in the flat-wall case. In this case, the maximum correlation coefficient exhibits only slight differences at different wave phases while the vertical distribution of the correlation function depends on the wave phase.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11202102 and11172140)the Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Program of High Education(No.20123219120050)
文摘The characteristics of a uniform-shear flow over a circular cylinder are in- vestigated numerically by using the alternative-direction implicit （ADI） algorithm and a fast Fourier transform （FFT） one in the exponential-polar coordinates for Re = 150 and 0 ≤ K ≤ 0.46. The diagram of lift-drag phase, implying the detail information about the fluctuations of drag and lift as well as the flow patterns in the wake and fluctuating pres- sure on the cylinder surface, is used to describe the effects of the shear rate on the flow. Results show that the upper （or lower） closed curve of a phase diagram corresponds to the first （or second） half shedding cycle. The lift-drag phase diagram will move down-left with the increase of shear rate K such that the lift is exerted from the upper side to the lower side, and the drag on the first half shedding cycle is smaller than that on the second half.
