Leakage power and propagation delay are two significant issues found in sub-micron technology-based Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor(CMOS)-based Very Large-Scale Integration(VLSI)circuit designs.Positive Channel...Leakage power and propagation delay are two significant issues found in sub-micron technology-based Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor(CMOS)-based Very Large-Scale Integration(VLSI)circuit designs.Positive Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor(PMOS)has been replaced by Negative Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor(NMOS)in recent years,with low dimen-sion-switching changes in order to shape the mirror of voltage comparator.NMOS is used to reduce stacking leakage as well as total exchange.Domino Logic Cir-cuit is a powerful and versatile digital programmer that gained popularity in recent years.In this study regarding Adaptive Sub Threshold Voltage Level Control Pro-blem,the researchers intend to solve the contention issues,reduce power dissipa-tion,and increase the noise immunity by proposing Adaptive Sub Threshold Voltage Level Control(ASVLC)-based domino circuit.The efficiency and effec-tiveness of the domino circuit are demonstrated through simulation results.The suggested system makes use of high-speed broad fan-gate circuits,occupies mini-mum space,and consumes meagre amount of power.The proposed circuit was validated in Cadence simulation tool at a supply voltage of 1V,frequency of 100 MHz,and an operating temperature of 27°C with 64 input OR gates.As per the simulation results,the suggested Domino Gate reduced the power dissipa-tion by 17.58 percent and improved the noise immunity by 1.21 times in compar-ison with standard domino logic circuits.展开更多
The power/energy losses reduction in distribution systems is an important issue during planning and operation, with important technical and economical implications. Thus, the energy losses minimization implies not onl...The power/energy losses reduction in distribution systems is an important issue during planning and operation, with important technical and economical implications. Thus, the energy losses minimization implies not only the technical improvement of the network, through its renewal with the introduction of the technological innovations in the equipment and circuit components as well as the optimal planning of the design and development of the network, but also requires the use of the methods and software tools to facilitate the operation process. The paper presents a strategy for power / energy saving which is replacement of the 6 kV voltage level with 20 kV voltage level. In this line, different urban distribution networks were analyzed using fuzzy techniques for load modeling.展开更多
A GaN-based E/D mode direct-couple logic 6 transistors SRAM unit and a voltage level shifter were designed and fabricated. E-mode and D-mode A1GaN/GaN HEMTs were integrated in one wafer using fluorine plasma treatment...A GaN-based E/D mode direct-couple logic 6 transistors SRAM unit and a voltage level shifter were designed and fabricated. E-mode and D-mode A1GaN/GaN HEMTs were integrated in one wafer using fluorine plasma treatment and using a moderate A1GaN barrier layer heterojunction structure. The 6 transistors SRAM unit consists of two symmetrical E/D mode inverters and two E-mode switch HEMTs. The output low and high voltage of the SRAM unit are 0.95 and 0.07 V at a voltage supply of 1 V. The voltage level shifter lowers the supply voltage using four Ni-A1GaN Schottky diodes in a series at a positive supply voltage of 6 V and a negative supply voltage of-6 V. By controlling the states of inverter modules of the level shifter in turn, the level shifter offers two channel voltage outputs of-0.5 and-5 V. The flip voltage of the level shifter is 0.76 V. Both the SRAM unit and voltage shifter operate correctly, demonstrating the promising potential for GaN-based E/D mode digital and analog integrated circuits. Several considerations are proposed to avoid the influence of threshold voltage degradation of D-mode and E-mode HEMT on the operation of the circuit.展开更多
The global adoption of Electric Vehicles(EVs)is on the rise due to their advanced features,with projections indicating they will soon dominate the private vehicle market.However,improper management of EV charging can ...The global adoption of Electric Vehicles(EVs)is on the rise due to their advanced features,with projections indicating they will soon dominate the private vehicle market.However,improper management of EV charging can lead to significant issues.This paper reviews the development of high-power,reliable charging solutions by examining the converter topologies used in rectifiers and converters that transfer electricity from the grid to EV batteries.It covers technical details,ongoing developments,and challenges related to these topologies and control strategies.The integration of rapid charging stations has introduced various Power Quality(PQ)issues,such as voltage fluctuations,harmonic distortion,and supra-harmonics,which are discussed in detail.The paper also highlights the benefits of controlled EV charging and discharging,including voltage and frequency regulation,reactive power compensation,and improved power quality.Efficient energy management and control strategies are crucial for optimizing EV battery charging within microgrids to meet increasing demand.Charging stations must adhere to specific converter topologies,control strategies,and industry standards to function correctly.The paper explores microgrid architectures and control strategies that integrate EVs,energy storage units(ESUs),and Renewable Energy Sources(RES)to enhance performance at charging points.It emphasizes the importance of various RES-connected architectures and the latest power converter topologies.Additionally,the paper provides a comparative analysis of microgrid-based charging station architectures,focusing on energy management,control strategies,and charging converter controls.The goal is to offer insights into future research directions in EV charging systems,including architectural considerations,control factors,and their respective advantages and disadvantages.展开更多
UPSS （urban power supply system） is a part of the region or the state power supply system. UPSS development is closely connected with region power supply system development as a whole. The decision of questions of l...UPSS （urban power supply system） is a part of the region or the state power supply system. UPSS development is closely connected with region power supply system development as a whole. The decision of questions of long-term and middle-term planning of UPSS development occurs in the conditions of incompleteness and uncertainty of the initial information. Nevertheless in these conditions the acceptance of development strategy should be based on perspective electric loads of urban TS （transformer substations）. There are difficulties with a rational placement of substations in the city with the developed infrastructure. Such problem by theoretically grounded approach to rational formation of UPSS is solved. The hierarchical structure of the organizational construction, voltage levels and load densities is considered. The mathematical and geometrical modeling of service areas for transformer substations of different voltage is fulfilled. The method of graphic placement of transformer substations in the city territory for new substations at existing structure of networks is offered. The aim of the work is to present the new uniform approach which allows finding a rational decision for new substations＇ placement in cities with developed infrastructure on the beginning design stages in conditions of the information uncertainty. The calculation program Microsoft EXCEL and the graphic program AutoCAD are used for realization of method.展开更多
This research focuses on restructuring medium-level voltage(MLV)distribution systems by integrating distributed renewable energy resources(DER)at multiple feed points.It examines the impact of incorporating renewable ...This research focuses on restructuring medium-level voltage(MLV)distribution systems by integrating distributed renewable energy resources(DER)at multiple feed points.It examines the impact of incorporating renewable energy and evaluates system performance metrics such as robustness,static voltage stability,line carrying capacity,utility grid effectiveness,and losses within the conventional radial distribution framework commonly used in educational institutions.The contingency ranking of the real-time radial distribution system(RTRDS)for a typical educational institution consisting of N buses was conducted.Parameters such as the Voltage Performance Index(PIV)and Flow Performance Index(PIF)were evaluated.The results support the integration of distributed renewable energy sources within the existing radial distribution grid infrastructure.This research proposes enhanced contingency analyses through a straightforward reconfiguration process involving an additional tie line(Nþ1)for the existing N bus radial distribution system(RDS).Load flow analysis of the RDS with distributed renewable energy resources(DER)for both N bus and Nþ1 bus systems was conducted using the Gauss-Seidel and Newton–Raphson methods.Simulation results indicate that baseline loading is consistently maintained by grid sources and DER sources connected at multiple feed points.The proposed configuration of the Nþ1 bus system for the existing RTRDS was evaluated for voltage performance and compared with the Grey Wolf Optimization(GWO)algorithm.The results indicate that the Nþ1 bus configuration modeled using the MiPower tool performed comparably to the GWO results.Additionally,the contingency ranking for the proposed Nþ1 configuration was validated using the IEEE 10 and 30 bus system.展开更多
Growing electric power demand and the consumption of large-scale renewable energy require a more efficient power supply network,with less occupied areas in load centers.In this paper,application principles of power su...Growing electric power demand and the consumption of large-scale renewable energy require a more efficient power supply network,with less occupied areas in load centers.In this paper,application principles of power supply network based on 500/110 kV direct transformation are proposed.An in-depth analysis of the grid structure and substation design is presented along with an application scenario.An accessibility index based on power flow tracing for network evaluation is also proposed.The index is able to present the inner connectivity and power transferability of a power network.A comprehensive evaluation of traditional short circuit,load flow,N-1,economic calculation,and the accessibility index are conducted on the power grid planning of a high-tech industrial park in Wuhan,China.Finally,electric feasibility and reliability are validated,and accessibility and construction investments compared.展开更多
文摘Leakage power and propagation delay are two significant issues found in sub-micron technology-based Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor(CMOS)-based Very Large-Scale Integration(VLSI)circuit designs.Positive Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor(PMOS)has been replaced by Negative Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor(NMOS)in recent years,with low dimen-sion-switching changes in order to shape the mirror of voltage comparator.NMOS is used to reduce stacking leakage as well as total exchange.Domino Logic Cir-cuit is a powerful and versatile digital programmer that gained popularity in recent years.In this study regarding Adaptive Sub Threshold Voltage Level Control Pro-blem,the researchers intend to solve the contention issues,reduce power dissipa-tion,and increase the noise immunity by proposing Adaptive Sub Threshold Voltage Level Control(ASVLC)-based domino circuit.The efficiency and effec-tiveness of the domino circuit are demonstrated through simulation results.The suggested system makes use of high-speed broad fan-gate circuits,occupies mini-mum space,and consumes meagre amount of power.The proposed circuit was validated in Cadence simulation tool at a supply voltage of 1V,frequency of 100 MHz,and an operating temperature of 27°C with 64 input OR gates.As per the simulation results,the suggested Domino Gate reduced the power dissipa-tion by 17.58 percent and improved the noise immunity by 1.21 times in compar-ison with standard domino logic circuits.
文摘The power/energy losses reduction in distribution systems is an important issue during planning and operation, with important technical and economical implications. Thus, the energy losses minimization implies not only the technical improvement of the network, through its renewal with the introduction of the technological innovations in the equipment and circuit components as well as the optimal planning of the design and development of the network, but also requires the use of the methods and software tools to facilitate the operation process. The paper presents a strategy for power / energy saving which is replacement of the 6 kV voltage level with 20 kV voltage level. In this line, different urban distribution networks were analyzed using fuzzy techniques for load modeling.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61334002)the Opening Project of Science and Technology on Reliability Physics and Application Technology of Electronic Component Laboratory(No.ZHD201206)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-12-0915)
文摘A GaN-based E/D mode direct-couple logic 6 transistors SRAM unit and a voltage level shifter were designed and fabricated. E-mode and D-mode A1GaN/GaN HEMTs were integrated in one wafer using fluorine plasma treatment and using a moderate A1GaN barrier layer heterojunction structure. The 6 transistors SRAM unit consists of two symmetrical E/D mode inverters and two E-mode switch HEMTs. The output low and high voltage of the SRAM unit are 0.95 and 0.07 V at a voltage supply of 1 V. The voltage level shifter lowers the supply voltage using four Ni-A1GaN Schottky diodes in a series at a positive supply voltage of 6 V and a negative supply voltage of-6 V. By controlling the states of inverter modules of the level shifter in turn, the level shifter offers two channel voltage outputs of-0.5 and-5 V. The flip voltage of the level shifter is 0.76 V. Both the SRAM unit and voltage shifter operate correctly, demonstrating the promising potential for GaN-based E/D mode digital and analog integrated circuits. Several considerations are proposed to avoid the influence of threshold voltage degradation of D-mode and E-mode HEMT on the operation of the circuit.
文摘The global adoption of Electric Vehicles(EVs)is on the rise due to their advanced features,with projections indicating they will soon dominate the private vehicle market.However,improper management of EV charging can lead to significant issues.This paper reviews the development of high-power,reliable charging solutions by examining the converter topologies used in rectifiers and converters that transfer electricity from the grid to EV batteries.It covers technical details,ongoing developments,and challenges related to these topologies and control strategies.The integration of rapid charging stations has introduced various Power Quality(PQ)issues,such as voltage fluctuations,harmonic distortion,and supra-harmonics,which are discussed in detail.The paper also highlights the benefits of controlled EV charging and discharging,including voltage and frequency regulation,reactive power compensation,and improved power quality.Efficient energy management and control strategies are crucial for optimizing EV battery charging within microgrids to meet increasing demand.Charging stations must adhere to specific converter topologies,control strategies,and industry standards to function correctly.The paper explores microgrid architectures and control strategies that integrate EVs,energy storage units(ESUs),and Renewable Energy Sources(RES)to enhance performance at charging points.It emphasizes the importance of various RES-connected architectures and the latest power converter topologies.Additionally,the paper provides a comparative analysis of microgrid-based charging station architectures,focusing on energy management,control strategies,and charging converter controls.The goal is to offer insights into future research directions in EV charging systems,including architectural considerations,control factors,and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
文摘UPSS （urban power supply system） is a part of the region or the state power supply system. UPSS development is closely connected with region power supply system development as a whole. The decision of questions of long-term and middle-term planning of UPSS development occurs in the conditions of incompleteness and uncertainty of the initial information. Nevertheless in these conditions the acceptance of development strategy should be based on perspective electric loads of urban TS （transformer substations）. There are difficulties with a rational placement of substations in the city with the developed infrastructure. Such problem by theoretically grounded approach to rational formation of UPSS is solved. The hierarchical structure of the organizational construction, voltage levels and load densities is considered. The mathematical and geometrical modeling of service areas for transformer substations of different voltage is fulfilled. The method of graphic placement of transformer substations in the city territory for new substations at existing structure of networks is offered. The aim of the work is to present the new uniform approach which allows finding a rational decision for new substations＇ placement in cities with developed infrastructure on the beginning design stages in conditions of the information uncertainty. The calculation program Microsoft EXCEL and the graphic program AutoCAD are used for realization of method.
文摘This research focuses on restructuring medium-level voltage(MLV)distribution systems by integrating distributed renewable energy resources(DER)at multiple feed points.It examines the impact of incorporating renewable energy and evaluates system performance metrics such as robustness,static voltage stability,line carrying capacity,utility grid effectiveness,and losses within the conventional radial distribution framework commonly used in educational institutions.The contingency ranking of the real-time radial distribution system(RTRDS)for a typical educational institution consisting of N buses was conducted.Parameters such as the Voltage Performance Index(PIV)and Flow Performance Index(PIF)were evaluated.The results support the integration of distributed renewable energy sources within the existing radial distribution grid infrastructure.This research proposes enhanced contingency analyses through a straightforward reconfiguration process involving an additional tie line(Nþ1)for the existing N bus radial distribution system(RDS).Load flow analysis of the RDS with distributed renewable energy resources(DER)for both N bus and Nþ1 bus systems was conducted using the Gauss-Seidel and Newton–Raphson methods.Simulation results indicate that baseline loading is consistently maintained by grid sources and DER sources connected at multiple feed points.The proposed configuration of the Nþ1 bus system for the existing RTRDS was evaluated for voltage performance and compared with the Grey Wolf Optimization(GWO)algorithm.The results indicate that the Nþ1 bus configuration modeled using the MiPower tool performed comparably to the GWO results.Additionally,the contingency ranking for the proposed Nþ1 configuration was validated using the IEEE 10 and 30 bus system.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51277082in part by Huang He Ying Cai Funding of Wuhanin part by State Grid Hubei Electric Power Company.
文摘Growing electric power demand and the consumption of large-scale renewable energy require a more efficient power supply network,with less occupied areas in load centers.In this paper,application principles of power supply network based on 500/110 kV direct transformation are proposed.An in-depth analysis of the grid structure and substation design is presented along with an application scenario.An accessibility index based on power flow tracing for network evaluation is also proposed.The index is able to present the inner connectivity and power transferability of a power network.A comprehensive evaluation of traditional short circuit,load flow,N-1,economic calculation,and the accessibility index are conducted on the power grid planning of a high-tech industrial park in Wuhan,China.Finally,electric feasibility and reliability are validated,and accessibility and construction investments compared.
