Background:The ingestion of golden thread contaminated with heavy metals through the food chain leads to detrimental effects to human health.During digestion,not all of the heavy metals could be released to the gastro...Background:The ingestion of golden thread contaminated with heavy metals through the food chain leads to detrimental effects to human health.During digestion,not all of the heavy metals could be released to the gastrointestinal tract and readily to be absorbed by human body.Thus,bioaccessibility is an important issue in health risk assessments.Aims and Objectives:The aims and objectives of this study were to investigate the bioaccessibility of Cd in golden thread and assess the associated health risks based on the exposure to bioaccessible Cd.Materials and Methods:Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)has been applied to determine the Cd content in golden thread.Physiologically based extraction test(PBET)digestion was performed in the in vitro/Caco2 cell model to investigate the bioaccessibility of Cd in golden thread.Furthermore,the target hazard quotient(THQ)was used to assess the risks of the total and the bioaccessible content of Cd in golden thread.Results:The results revealed that the total Cd content in six batches of golden thread ranged from 3.203 to 5.723 mg/kg.After uptake by Caco2 cells,the bioaccessibility of Cd ranged from 42.36%to 59.73%.The results of the risk assessment indicated that prior to uptake by Caco2 cells,the THQ values of Cd for all batches of golden thread were greater than 1.However,after uptake by Caco2 cells,the THQ values of Cd in all samples were less than 1,thus suggesting that the risks were at a safe level.Conclusion:This study was the first to perform health risk assessment with bioaccessible heavy metals present in traditional Chinese medicine by PBET digestion using an in vitro/Caco2 cell model,thus enabling us to obtain more accurate and objective results while allowing us to avoid unnecessary government intervention and to establish more reasonable limit standards for heavy metals.展开更多
目的采用成簇的规律性间隔短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白9(clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9,CRISPR/Cas9)系统构建基因敲除细胞文库,以人结肠腺癌细胞Caco-2为研究对象构建稳定...目的采用成簇的规律性间隔短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白9(clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9,CRISPR/Cas9)系统构建基因敲除细胞文库,以人结肠腺癌细胞Caco-2为研究对象构建稳定表达Cas9蛋白的细胞系。方法包装重组Cas9慢病毒并感染Caco-2细胞,经杀稻瘟菌素及2次有限稀释法筛选Caco-2/Cas9单克隆细胞,并进行PCR和Western blot鉴定。用同时表达GFP和带有GFP向导RNA(single guide RNA,sgRNA)的慢病毒感染Caco-2/Cas9单克隆细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选后,采用流式细胞术检测结果计算Caco-2细胞株的敲除效率,CCK-8法检测其细胞增殖活性。结果共获得5株Caco-2/Cas9单克隆细胞系,分别命名为Caco-2/Cas9-2、Caco-2/Cas9-3、Caco-2/Cas9-4、Caco-2/Cas9-5和Caco-2/Cas9-6,均可扩增出392 bp的Cas9基因条带,Cas9蛋白在细胞中稳定表达,敲除效率分别为91.27%、20.30%、24.13%、11.33%、12.27%、8.89%;Caco-2/Cas9-4、Caco-2/Cas9-5、Caco-2/Cas9-63株单克隆细胞及未感染Caco-2细胞的增殖活性分别为2.07、1.75、1.46和1.40。Caco-2/Cas9-5、Caco-2/Cas9-6单克隆细胞与未感染Caco-2细胞比较,差异均无统计学意义(t分别为1.92和0.37,P均>0.05)。结论筛选出1株具有Cas9高酶切活性且细胞增殖活性较未感染Caco-2细胞无显著变化的Caco-2/Cas9单克隆细胞系,即Caco-2/Cas9-6单克隆细胞,为进一步构建高覆盖率敲除细胞文库奠定了基础,也为筛选病毒感染有关基因和其他特定功能基因提供了平台。展开更多
基金financially supported by the 13th Five-Year National Significant New Drugs Creation Feature Subjects grant(2018ZX09735006)by the Project for Medicine and Medical Instruments Review and Approval System Reform grant(ZG2016-1)
文摘Background:The ingestion of golden thread contaminated with heavy metals through the food chain leads to detrimental effects to human health.During digestion,not all of the heavy metals could be released to the gastrointestinal tract and readily to be absorbed by human body.Thus,bioaccessibility is an important issue in health risk assessments.Aims and Objectives:The aims and objectives of this study were to investigate the bioaccessibility of Cd in golden thread and assess the associated health risks based on the exposure to bioaccessible Cd.Materials and Methods:Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)has been applied to determine the Cd content in golden thread.Physiologically based extraction test(PBET)digestion was performed in the in vitro/Caco2 cell model to investigate the bioaccessibility of Cd in golden thread.Furthermore,the target hazard quotient(THQ)was used to assess the risks of the total and the bioaccessible content of Cd in golden thread.Results:The results revealed that the total Cd content in six batches of golden thread ranged from 3.203 to 5.723 mg/kg.After uptake by Caco2 cells,the bioaccessibility of Cd ranged from 42.36%to 59.73%.The results of the risk assessment indicated that prior to uptake by Caco2 cells,the THQ values of Cd for all batches of golden thread were greater than 1.However,after uptake by Caco2 cells,the THQ values of Cd in all samples were less than 1,thus suggesting that the risks were at a safe level.Conclusion:This study was the first to perform health risk assessment with bioaccessible heavy metals present in traditional Chinese medicine by PBET digestion using an in vitro/Caco2 cell model,thus enabling us to obtain more accurate and objective results while allowing us to avoid unnecessary government intervention and to establish more reasonable limit standards for heavy metals.
