The intersection of visual impairment and mental health has profound effects on quality of life and warrants attention from healthcare providers,educators,and policymakers.With 20 million children under the age of 14 ...The intersection of visual impairment and mental health has profound effects on quality of life and warrants attention from healthcare providers,educators,and policymakers.With 20 million children under the age of 14 affected globally,older adults also experience significant psychological impact including depression,anxiety,and cognitive impairment.The implications of vision-related challenges extend far beyond mere sight.Depression and anxiety,exacerbated by social isolation and reduced physical activity,underscore the need for comprehensive interventions that address both medical and psychosocial dimensions.By recognizing the profound impact of ocular morbidities like strabismus,myopia,glaucoma,and age-related macular degeneration on mental health and investing in effective treatments and inclusive practices,society can pave the way for a healthier,more equitable future for affected individuals.There is evidence that myopic children experience a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to their normal peers,and interventions like the correction of strabismus can enhance psychological outcome-demonstrating the value of an integrated management approach.展开更多
People with visual impairments face substantial navigation difficulties in residential and unfamiliar indoor spaces.Neither canes nor verbal navigation systems possess adequate features to deliver real-time spatial aw...People with visual impairments face substantial navigation difficulties in residential and unfamiliar indoor spaces.Neither canes nor verbal navigation systems possess adequate features to deliver real-time spatial awareness to users.This research work represents a feasibility study for the wearable IoT-based indoor object detection assistant system architecture that employs a real-time indoor object detection approach to help visually impaired users recognize indoor objects.The system architecture includes four main layers:Wearable Internet of Things(IoT),Network,Cloud,and Indoor Object Detection Layers.The wearable hardware prototype is assembled using a Raspberry Pi 4,while the indoor object detection approach exploits YOLOv11.YOLOv11 represents the cutting edge of deep learning models optimized for both speed and accuracy in recognizing objects and powers the research prototype.In this work,we used a prototype implementation,comparative experiments,and two datasets compiled from Furniture Detection(i.e.,from Roboflow Universe)and Kaggle,which comprises 3000 images evenly distributed across three object categories,including bed,sofa,and table.In the evaluation process,the Raspberry Pi is only used for a feasibility demonstration of real-time inference performance(e.g.,latency and memory consumption)on embedded hardware.We also evaluated YOLOv11 by comparing its performance with other current methodologies,which involved a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)(MobileNet-Single Shot MultiBox Detector(SSD))model together with the RTDETR Vision Transformer.The experimental results show that YOLOv11 stands out by reaching an average of 99.07%,98.51%,97.96%,and 98.22%for the accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score,respectively.This feasibility study highlights the effectiveness of Raspberry Pi 4 and YOLOv11 in real-time indoor object detection,paving the way for structured user studies with visually impaired people in the future to evaluate their real-world use and impact.展开更多
AIM:To develop a nomogram to predict the risk of visual impairment(VI)in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).METHODS:Totally 897 patients with CKD were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination...AIM:To develop a nomogram to predict the risk of visual impairment(VI)in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).METHODS:Totally 897 patients with CKD were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).The training and validation sets were divided in a 7:3 ratio.Multivariate logistic regression and bidirectional stepwise regression was used to select the factor of developing nomogram.The performance of the nomogram was evaluated by receiver operator characteristic curve,calibration curve and decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS:Age,diastolic blood pressure,glucose,serum creatinine,income at or above poverty,and history of smoking were included in the nomogram.And the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the training and validation sets were 0.684 and 0.640,respectively.The fit of the model was demonstrated the calibration curve,and DCA showed the value of clinical application.CONCLUSION:The nomogram may help to screening the probability of VI in patients with CKD.Larger samples are needed to validate and improve the model to increase its efficacy.展开更多
The“Boundless Vision”project focuses on creating novel user interfaces to improve the experience of visually impaired individuals when using smart devices.By incorporating features such as high-contrast color scheme...The“Boundless Vision”project focuses on creating novel user interfaces to improve the experience of visually impaired individuals when using smart devices.By incorporating features such as high-contrast color schemes,enlarged text,and voice control,an intuitive and accessible interface is developed.Moreover,the project leverages online volunteer services to offer telephone and video guidance,aiding visually impaired users in navigating urban environments and accessing information.Through a comprehensive process involving needs assessment,UI design,system development,and service evaluation,the project aims to boost the independence of visually impaired individuals and foster greater societal awareness of visual impairment challenges.Ultimately,the project will deliver a suite of user interface designs that can serve as a model for advancing inclusive technology across society.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the long-term outcomes in acute primary angle closure(APAC)patients treated with lens extraction(LE)surgery and to identify risk factors for glaucomatous optic neuropathy(GON).METHODS:In this longit...AIM:To investigate the long-term outcomes in acute primary angle closure(APAC)patients treated with lens extraction(LE)surgery and to identify risk factors for glaucomatous optic neuropathy(GON).METHODS:In this longitudinal observational study,detailed medical histories of APAC patients and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations at final followup were collected.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of blindness.Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to determine risk factors associated with visual outcomes.RESULTS:This study included 39 affected eyes of 31 subjects(26 females)with an average age of 74.1±8.0y.At 6.7±4.2y after APAC attack,2(5.7%)eyes had bestcorrected visual acuity(VA)worse than 3/60.Advanced glaucomatous visual field loss was observed in 15(39.5%)affected eyes and 5(25.0%)fellow eyes.Nine affected eyes(23.7%)had GON,and 11(28.9%)were blind.Six(15.4%)affected eyes and 2(9.1%)fellow eyes had suspicious progression.A significantly higher blindness rate in factory workers compared to office workers.Logistic regression identified that worse VA at attack(OR 10.568,95%CI 1.288-86.695;P=0.028)and worse early postoperative VA(OR 13.214,95%CI 1.157-150.881;P=0.038)were risk factors for blindness.Multivariate regression showed that longer duration of elevated intraocular pressure(P=0.004)and worse early postoperative VA(P=0.009)were associated with worse visual outcomes.CONCLUSION:Despite LE surgery,some APAC patients experience continued visual function deterioration.Lifelong monitoring is necessary.Target pressure and progression rates should be re-evaluated during follow-up.展开更多
AIM： To assess the prevalence, causes, and risk factors for blindness and visual impairment among elderly （〉60 years of age） Chinese people in a metropolitan area of Shanghai, China. METHODS： Random cluster sampl...AIM： To assess the prevalence, causes, and risk factors for blindness and visual impairment among elderly （〉60 years of age） Chinese people in a metropolitan area of Shanghai, China. METHODS： Random cluster sampling was conducted to identify participants among residents ≥60 years of age living in the Xietu Block, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China. Presenting visual acuity （PVA） and best-corrected visual acuity （BCVA） were checked by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study （ETDRS） visual chart. All eligible participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination. Blindness and visual impairment were defined according to World Health Organization （WHO） criteria. RESULTS： A total of 4190 persons （1688 men and 2502 women） participated in the study, and the response rate was 91.1%. Based on PVA, the prevalence of blindness was 1.1% and that of visual impairment was 7.6%. Based on BCVA, the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment decreased to 0.9% and 3.9%, respectively. Older （〉80 years of age） women, with low educational levels and smoking habits, exhibited a significantly greater chance for blindness and visual impairment than did those with high educational levels and no smoking habits （P〈0.05）. Based on PVA and BCVA, the main causes of blindness were cataract, myopic maculopathy, and age-related macular degeneration （AMD）. CONCLUSION： Our findings help to identify the population in need of intervention, to highlight the need for additional eye healthcare services in urban China.展开更多
BACKGROUND To our knowledge,no study has obtained specific estimates of depression for young and middle-aged adults with visual impairment(VI).As estimates of depression varies across age groups in the general populat...BACKGROUND To our knowledge,no study has obtained specific estimates of depression for young and middle-aged adults with visual impairment(VI).As estimates of depression varies across age groups in the general population,it is of interest to examine whether the same applies to adults with low vision or blindness.AIM To estimate depression prevalence and its association with VI-related characteristics and life satisfaction in adults with VI.METHODS A telephone-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and May 2017 in an age-stratified sample of adults who were members of the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted.Participants were asked questions about their sociodemographic characteristics,VI characteristics,and life satisfaction.Depression was measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire.The diagnostic scoring algorithm was used to calculate the point prevalence of depression(i.e.,major depression and other depressive disorders)across categories of gender and age(years:18-35,36-50,51-65,≥66).The associations were estimated using regression models.RESULTS Overall,736 adults participated in the study(response rate:61%).The prevalence estimates of depression varied across different age groups,ranging from 11.1%-22.8%in women and 9.4%-16.5%in men,with the highest rates for the two youngest age groups.Results from the multivariable models including sociodemographic and VI-related variables showed that losing vision late in life[Prevalence ratio(PR),1.76,95%CI:1.11,2.79]and having other impairments(PR:1.88,95%CI:1.32,2.67)were associated with higher rates of depression,whereas older age was associated with lower rates(PR:0.83,95%CI:0.74,0.93).Additionally,participants who were depressed had lower life satisfaction than those who were not depressed(adjustedβ:-2.36,95%CI:-2.75,-1.98).CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that depression in adults with VI,and especially among young and middle-aged adults,warrants greater attention by user organisations,clinicians,and healthcare authorities.展开更多
AIM:To obtain the baseline data on presenting visual acuity(PVA)and evaluate the prevalence and associated factors for visual impairment based on PVA in 9070 Chinese college students.METHODS:The freshmen at a universi...AIM:To obtain the baseline data on presenting visual acuity(PVA)and evaluate the prevalence and associated factors for visual impairment based on PVA in 9070 Chinese college students.METHODS:The freshmen at a university in southern China,including 6527 undergraduate students and 2543 graduate students,were investigated for some sociodemographic characteristics and underwent routine medical examination,including measuring PVA,height,and weight.Visual impairment was defined according to the new World Health Organization criteria for blindness and visual impairment.RESULTS:In 9070 college students,the mean PVA in the better eye was 0.094±0.163 log MAR.The prevalence of visual impairment based on PVA was 2.7%.Only 38.3%college students had normal visual acuity[PVA equal to 0 log MAR(20/20)in both eyes].There were 69.8%of students wearing spectacles.Logistic regression showed that home region(non-Guangdong provinces,P<0.0001,OR=1.70)was risk factor for visual impairment while BMI(P=0.001,OR=0.92)was protective factor from visual impairment.Ethnicity(Han Chinese,P<0.0001,OR=3.17)was risk factor for wearing spectacles while age(P=0.01,OR=0.90)was protective factor from wearing spectacles.CONCLUSION:This study provides the baseline data on PVA and the prevalence of visual impairment in Chinese college students.Our analyses reveal that BMI and home region are associated factors for visual impairment based on PVA,while age and ethnicity are associated factors for wearing spectacles.展开更多
·AIM: To review existing data for the prevalence of corrected, uncorrected, and inadequately corrected refractive errors and spectacle wear in Hungary.·METHODS: Data from two nationwide cross-sectional studi...·AIM: To review existing data for the prevalence of corrected, uncorrected, and inadequately corrected refractive errors and spectacle wear in Hungary.·METHODS: Data from two nationwide cross-sectional studies were analysed. The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness study collected population-based representative national data on the prevalence of visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive errors and spectacle coverage in 3523 people aged ≥50y(Group I). The Comprehensive Health Test Program of Hungary provided data on the use of spectacles in 80 290 people aged ≥18y(Group Ⅱ).·RESULTS: In Group I, almost half of the survey population showed refractive errors for distant vision, about 10% of which were uncorrected(3.2% of all male participants and 5.0% of females). The distance spectacle coverage was 90.7%(91.9% in males;90.2% in females). The proportion of inadequate distance spectacles was found to be 33.1%. Uncorrected presbyopia was found in 15.7% of participants. In all age groups(Group Ⅱ), 65.4% of females and 56.0% of males used distance spectacles,and approximately 28.9% of these spectacles were found to be inappropriate for dioptric power(with 0.5 dioptres or more). The prevalence of inaccurate distance spectacles was significantly higher in older age groups(71y and above) in both sexes.·CONCLUSION: According to this population-based data, uncorrected refractive errors are not rare in Hungary. Despite recent national initiatives, fur ther steps are required to reduce uncorrected refractive errors and associated negative effects on vision, such as avoidable visual impairment.展开更多
AIM To examine associated factors of bullying and to determine associations between bullying and psychosocial outcomes among individuals with visual impairments(Ⅵ).METHODS We conducted an age-stratified cross-section...AIM To examine associated factors of bullying and to determine associations between bullying and psychosocial outcomes among individuals with visual impairments(Ⅵ).METHODS We conducted an age-stratified cross-sectional survey of adults withⅥwho were recruited from the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted.Data were collected through structural telephone interviews in the period between February and May,2017.Linear regression models were used to examine factors related to bullying and associations of bullying with self-efficacy and life satisfaction.RESULTS A total of 736 individuals were interviewed.The lifetime and 6-mo prevalence of bullying was 41.7%and8.2%,respectively.The majority of bullied participants reportedⅥ-specific bullying(65.1%).Victimization of bullying was associated with young age,early onsetage ofⅥ,and having other impairments.Participants who reported bullying had lower levels of self-efficacy[Adjusted relative risk(ARR):0.40,95%confidence interval(CI):0.19-0.85]and life satisfaction(ARR:0.68,95%CI:0.51-0.91).CONCLUSION Bullying is highly prevalent among individuals withⅥ.Our findings suggest that interventions to reduce bullying may be beneficial for improving the well-being and life quality of people withⅥ.展开更多
AIM: To determine the prevalence, main causes, and related factors of visual impairment(VI) among people aged 50 y and over in Jalalabad City and four surrounding districts of Nangarhar Province of Afghanistan. METHOD...AIM: To determine the prevalence, main causes, and related factors of visual impairment(VI) among people aged 50 y and over in Jalalabad City and four surrounding districts of Nangarhar Province of Afghanistan. METHODS: The data for the population based crosssectional study was collected in 2015. The calculated sample size was 1353, allocated to urban-rural strata using probability proportion to size method. At the end of the study, 1281 people participated in to the study. VI was defined as presenting visual acuity(VA) of less than 6/18 and blindness as VA less than 3/60 in the better eye by using Snellen chart only. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS 21.0 software.RESULTS: The prevalence of VI was 22.6%(95%CI, 20%-25%) of which 13.9%(95%CI, 12%-16%) was low vision and 8.7%(95%CI, 7%-10%) was blindness. The most common causes of the VI were cataract(52.8%), followed by uncorrected refractive error(URE)(26.9%) and glaucoma(8.6%). Number one cause of the low vision was URE(42%), followed by cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration(AMD) and diabetic retinopathy(DR), while for blindness they are cataract(72%), other posterior segment disorders, glaucoma, URE and AMD. Illiteracy, bad economic status, hypertension and overweight were factors independently associated with both VI and low vision, whereas, age, illiteracy, bad economic status, hypertension and using of sunglasses were independently associated with blindness.CONCLUSION: Cataract, URE, glaucoma, AMD and DR are the leading causes of VI and blindness in the study area. They are mostly avoidable. In order to decrease theburden of VI and blindness in the study area as well as the whole country, it is strongly recommended to apply the prevention policies of VI and blindness.展开更多
AIM：To evaluate the association between visual impairment（VI） and mental health or social engagement in older adults living in rural Thailand.METHODS：Data for this cross-sectional study were drawn from a community...AIM：To evaluate the association between visual impairment（VI） and mental health or social engagement in older adults living in rural Thailand.METHODS：Data for this cross-sectional study were drawn from a community survey conducted in 2015 in Saraburi Province,Thailand.Participants were 327 adults aged ≥50 y.VI was assessed using presenting distance visual acuity.Mental health and social engagement were evaluated in face-to-face interviews using validated questionnaires.After determining the prevalence of VI and relevant sociodemographic characteristics,multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of VI on mental health and social engagement.RESULTS：The prevalence of VI was 18.3%.Major causes were refractive error（58.3%） and cataract（35%）.Factors associated with VI in the crude analysis were：older age [odds ratio（OR） 8.08],unemployment（OR 2.72）,widowhood（OR 2.47）,being divorced/separated（OR 3.27）,smoking（OR 2.09） and disability in activities of daily living（OR 2.35）.Protective factors were undergoing eye screening at least once a year（P=0.029） and obesity（P=0.005）.VI was significantly associated with low social engagement（adjusted OR 4.13） but not with poor mental health（P〉0.05）.CONCLUSION：Although VI older adults reported less participation in social activities,there is no significant association between VI and poor mental health.Annual eye examinations may prevent VI in older adults.Information about employment and anti-smoking should be targeted to older adults with VI.展开更多
AIM： To report the prevalence and causes of unilateral visual impairment（UVI） in rural population of all ages in rural Andhra Pradesh, India.·METHODS： A population-based cross sectional study using a multi-st...AIM： To report the prevalence and causes of unilateral visual impairment（UVI） in rural population of all ages in rural Andhra Pradesh, India.·METHODS： A population-based cross sectional study using a multi-stage cluster sampling methodology was carried out in West Godavari, Adilabad and Mahbubnagar districts in south India. A comprehensive eye examination that included presenting and best corrected visual acuity and dilated fundus examination was conducted by trained professionals. UVI is defined as presenting visual acuity 6/18 in one eye but ≥6/18 in other eye. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to test association of UVI with socio-demographic risk factors.· RESULTS： Data were analyzed for 6634/7771 participants after excluding those with bilateral visual impairment. The mean age of the participants was 27.4y（Standard deviation： 17.9y）, 51.9% were women and49.1% were educated. The prevalence of UVI was 7.8%（95% CI： 7.2%- 8.5%）. Uncorrected refractive error（60.8%）, cataract（17.4%） and retinal causes（6.6%） were the leading causes of UVI. On multiple logistic regression analyses, older age, not having education, living in welloff district had significantly higher odds of being associated with UVI. UVI was not associated with gender.·CONCLUSION： UVI is common in rural south India.Most of it is due to cataract and refractive errors, both of which can be addressed at primary and secondary levelsof eye care. Burden of UVI should also be considered in planning eye care services.展开更多
AIM: To determine the distribution of refractive errors in a school-age population in Quintana Roo(Mexico) in the framework of an international cooperation campaign for the prevention of blindness. METHODS: A sample o...AIM: To determine the distribution of refractive errors in a school-age population in Quintana Roo(Mexico) in the framework of an international cooperation campaign for the prevention of blindness. METHODS: A sample of 2647 school-age children(ranging from 5 to 14 years old) with a mean age of 9.1±1.9 years old were tested by trained volunteers for distance visual acuity(VA) and refractive errors. The first screening examination included uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA) and VA with a +2.00 D lens. Inclusion criteria for a second complete cycloplegic eye examination performed by an optometrist were UDVA <20/25(0.10 logMAR or 0.8 decimal) and/or VA with +2.00 D ≥20/25.RESULTS: A total of 633(23.9%) children underwent the second complete eye examination. Mean logMAR UDVA was 0.035±0.094(range 1.00 to 0.00 logMAR) for the right eyes and 0.036±0.160(range 1.00 to 0.00 logMAR) for the left eyes. Bilateral amblyopia was found in 17 children(2.7% of refracted eyes;0.64% of the total). The main reason for visual impairment(VI) in the sample analyzed was found to be refractive errors. In 12 children(1.9% of refracted eyes;0.45% of the total) the VI was bilateral and 9(1.4% of refracted eyes;0.34% of the total) achieved a corrected distance visual acuity of 20/25 or better in both eyes. Mean magnitude of sphere and refractive cylinder was +0.20±0.96 D and-0.43±0.85 D in right eyes, and +0.24±1.08 and-0.43±0.83 D in left eyes. The proportion of myopic eyes [standard equivalent(SE) ≤-0.50 D] was 4.6% of the whole sample(5290 eyes). The mean magnitude of myopia was-0.84±3.44 D for the right eyes and-0.82±5.21 D for the left eyes. The proportion of hyperopic patients(SE≥+2.00 D) was 2.4%(15/633), which corresponded to 0.60% of the whole sample(32/5290 eyes). No statistically significant correlation of age to manifest sphere or cylinder was found.CONCLUSION: VI due to uncorrected refractive errors can be easily corrected with glasses but it is still a burden to be treated. Myopia is prevalent in this sample. More efforts towards correcting uncorrected refractive errors are needed.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the prevalence of visual impairment(VI)and provide an estimation of uncorrected refractive errors in school-aged children,conducted by optometry students as a community service.METHODS:The study was...AIM:To investigate the prevalence of visual impairment(VI)and provide an estimation of uncorrected refractive errors in school-aged children,conducted by optometry students as a community service.METHODS:The study was cross-sectional.Totally 3343 participants were included in the study.The initial examination involved assessing the uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)and visual acuity(VA)while using a+2.00 D lens.The inclusion criteria for a subsequent comprehensive cycloplegic eye examination,performed by an optometrist,were as follows:a UDVA<0.6 decimal(0.20 logMAR)and/or a VA with+2.00 D≥0.8 decimal(0.96 logMAR).RESULTS:The sample had a mean age of 10.92±2.13y(range 4 to 17y),and 51.3%of the children were female(n=1715).The majority of the children(89.7%)fell within the age range of 8 to 14y.Among the ethnic groups,the highest representation was from the Luhya group(60.6%)followed by Luo(20.4%).Mean logMAR UDVA choosing the best eye for each student was 0.29±0.17(range 1.70 to 0.22).Out of the total,246 participants(7.4%)had a full eye examination.The estimated prevalence of myopia(defined as spherical equivalent≤-0.5 D)was found to be 1.45%of the total sample.While around 0.18%of the total sample had hyperopia value exceeding+1.75 D.Refractive astigmatism(cil<-0.75 D)was found in 0.21%(7/3343)of the children.The VI prevalence was 1.26%of the total sample.Among our cases of VI,76.2%could be attributed to uncorrected refractive error.Amblyopia was detected in 0.66%(22/3343)of the screened children.There was no statistically significant correlation observed between age or gender and refractive values.CONCLUSION:The primary cause of VI is determined to be uncorrected refractive errors,with myopia being the most prevalent refractive error observed.These findings underscore the significance of early identification and correction of refractive errors in school-aged children as a means to alleviate the impact of VI.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the association of visual impairment from cataract with human development index(HDI)by years lived with disability(YLDs).METHODS:Published data on national age-standardized YLD rates caused by catar...AIM:To investigate the association of visual impairment from cataract with human development index(HDI)by years lived with disability(YLDs).METHODS:Published data on national age-standardized YLD rates caused by cataract and national HDIs in 2019 were obtained.Age-standardized YLD rates from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed to explore cataract burden among patients with different income levels.Age-standardized YLD rates in different HDI groups were compared by different degrees of visual impairment.Association between national age-standardized YLD rates and HDI in 2019 was analyzed.RESULTS:The age-standardized YLD rates of populations with visual impairment or blindness due to cataract declined from 1990 to 2019,especially among those with lower middle income.Multiple comparison tests revealed that countries with low HDI had significantly higher agestandardized YLD rates of blindness due to cataract than those with high and very high HDI(P<0.001).The agestandardized YLD rates of populations with blindness(β=-0.588,P<0.001),severe vision loss(β=-0.378,P<0.001),and moderate vision loss(β=-0.389,P<0.001)inversely correlated with HDI.CONCLUSION:Age-standardized YLD rates caused by cataract have declined since 1990.The burden of visual impairment due to cataract inversely correlate with national socioeconomic development and is more concentrated in countries with low HDI than those with high HDI,especially among the blind.These findings highlight the need to provide additional cataract services and cataract surgery coverage to developing countries to decrease the burden of avoidable blindness caused by cataract.展开更多
AIM：To report on the utilization of eye care services and its associated factors among those with unilateral visual impairment（VI）in a rural South Indian population.METHODS：A population based cross-sectional study...AIM：To report on the utilization of eye care services and its associated factors among those with unilateral visual impairment（VI）in a rural South Indian population.METHODS：A population based cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts（Adilabad,Mahbubnagar and West Godavari）in the state of Andhra Pradesh,India.A detailed interview and a comprehensive eye examination were conducted. Those with unilateral VI were asked questions about noticing any change in vision and on utilization of eye care services. The most important reason reported by the participant for not utilizing the services was used for the analysis. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between noticing a change in vision and socio-demographic variables such as age,gender,education and area of residence,severity and causes of VI.RESULTS：Among the 4456 participants aged ≥16y who were administered the questionnaire,53.2% were women,and 54.7% had no education. Of the 489（11%; 95% CI：10.1-11.9）people with unilateral VI,399（81.6%）participants reported noticing a change in their vision over the last five years but only 136（34.1%）participants had soughteye care consultation. Those who had any education（OR：1.9; 95% CI：1.1-3.2）,had blindness（OR：2.7; 95% CI：1.4-5.2）,and cataract（OR：2.1; 95% CI：1.0-4.3）as a cause of unilateral VI were more like to seek eye care consultations. The most commonly reported reasons for not seeking eye care services were ＂do not have money for eye checkup＂ in 30.7% of the participants followed by ＂do not have a serious problem＂（30.0%）.CONCLUSION：A large proportion of rural population though noticed a change in their vision did not seek eye care due to financial and person-related reasons. Eye care service providers need to address these barriers to enhance the uptake of eye care services among those with unilateral VI.展开更多
Dear Editor,Sildenafil citrate（Viagra;Pfizer Pharmaceuticals,New York,NY,USA）,a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5（PDE-5）,is widely used for erectile dysfunction.Its clinical recommended dosage is 25 ...Dear Editor,Sildenafil citrate（Viagra;Pfizer Pharmaceuticals,New York,NY,USA）,a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5（PDE-5）,is widely used for erectile dysfunction.Its clinical recommended dosage is 25 to 100 mg per day.展开更多
AIM: To study the trends of major causes of visual impairment(VI) in adults in Sichuan,China and evaluate the effect of aging on the trends. ·METHODS: We used data from the National Sample Survey on Disabilities(...AIM: To study the trends of major causes of visual impairment(VI) in adults in Sichuan,China and evaluate the effect of aging on the trends. ·METHODS: We used data from the National Sample Survey on Disabilities(NSSD) in Sichuan province conducted in 1987 and 2006. The age-adjusted prevalence of major causes of VI and the prevalence stratified by age in each cause were calculated and compared. The association between age and each cause of VI was also analyzed.·RESULTS: Retinal disease increased and became the second leading cause of VI in 2006 while blinding trachoma decreased markedly. Cataract and non-trachomatous corneal diseases were among the leading causes of VI in both years. We found associations between age and causes of VI,with age showing the strongest association with cataract and relatively lower associations with other causes. · CONCLUSION: In the last two decades,dramatic changes occurred in the major causes of VI with significantly increased retinal disease and decreased blinding trachoma. Aging of the population might be an important factor accounting for the changed trends of VI. Understanding the prevalence of VI,its major causes and trends over time can assist in prioritizing and developing effective interventional strategies and monitoring their impact.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the knowledge,attitudes,and practices regarding eye-care seeking practices of visually impaired adults in a rural area Yueqing,and explore factors influencing their behavior.METHODS:A stratified sampli...AIM:To evaluate the knowledge,attitudes,and practices regarding eye-care seeking practices of visually impaired adults in a rural area Yueqing,and explore factors influencing their behavior.METHODS:A stratified sampling method was used to select 48 villages in Yueqing,from which 2400 people were selected to receive vision screenings conducted by oculists during a household visit.Those presenting visual acuity≥0.5 log MAR in either eye completed a self-designed questionnaire investigating their knowledge about medical eye-care seeking,attitudes about eye health and eye-careseeking behavior.RESULTS:Totally 165 people with moderate-to-severe visual impairment were identified(6.9%,165/2400),and 146 eligible participants were recruited(response rate:88.4%,mean age:68.6±15.0 y),among which 88(60.3%)were female.They had 82(56.2%)and 64(43.8%)monocular and binocular visual impairments respectively.A total of 67(45.9%)subjects demonstrated a high knowledge level about medical eye-care seeking and 88(60.3%)had self-rated poor vision,with 23(15%)receiving regular vision checks.The 105(71.9%)subjects had never been to hospital for an eye examination."No need"and"schedule conflicts"were the main reasons for not seeking eye care.Having extensive knowledge of medical eye-care seeking was positively associated with high education levels(OR=3.73,P=0.045)and negatively correlated with older age(OR=0.97,P=0.043).Both the self-perceived vision condition(OR=2.59,P=0.03)and regular vision check behavior(OR=6.50,P<0.01)were related with seeking eye care services.CONCLUSION:In rural Yueqing,intervention is required to increase public knowledge about seeking medical eye care among people with moderate-to-severe visual impairment,especially for the elderly and poorly education.Regular vision checks may be useful to promote their medical eye-care utilization.展开更多
文摘The intersection of visual impairment and mental health has profound effects on quality of life and warrants attention from healthcare providers,educators,and policymakers.With 20 million children under the age of 14 affected globally,older adults also experience significant psychological impact including depression,anxiety,and cognitive impairment.The implications of vision-related challenges extend far beyond mere sight.Depression and anxiety,exacerbated by social isolation and reduced physical activity,underscore the need for comprehensive interventions that address both medical and psychosocial dimensions.By recognizing the profound impact of ocular morbidities like strabismus,myopia,glaucoma,and age-related macular degeneration on mental health and investing in effective treatments and inclusive practices,society can pave the way for a healthier,more equitable future for affected individuals.There is evidence that myopic children experience a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to their normal peers,and interventions like the correction of strabismus can enhance psychological outcome-demonstrating the value of an integrated management approach.
基金funded by the King Salman Center for Disability Research through Research Group No.KSRG-2024-140.
文摘People with visual impairments face substantial navigation difficulties in residential and unfamiliar indoor spaces.Neither canes nor verbal navigation systems possess adequate features to deliver real-time spatial awareness to users.This research work represents a feasibility study for the wearable IoT-based indoor object detection assistant system architecture that employs a real-time indoor object detection approach to help visually impaired users recognize indoor objects.The system architecture includes four main layers:Wearable Internet of Things(IoT),Network,Cloud,and Indoor Object Detection Layers.The wearable hardware prototype is assembled using a Raspberry Pi 4,while the indoor object detection approach exploits YOLOv11.YOLOv11 represents the cutting edge of deep learning models optimized for both speed and accuracy in recognizing objects and powers the research prototype.In this work,we used a prototype implementation,comparative experiments,and two datasets compiled from Furniture Detection(i.e.,from Roboflow Universe)and Kaggle,which comprises 3000 images evenly distributed across three object categories,including bed,sofa,and table.In the evaluation process,the Raspberry Pi is only used for a feasibility demonstration of real-time inference performance(e.g.,latency and memory consumption)on embedded hardware.We also evaluated YOLOv11 by comparing its performance with other current methodologies,which involved a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)(MobileNet-Single Shot MultiBox Detector(SSD))model together with the RTDETR Vision Transformer.The experimental results show that YOLOv11 stands out by reaching an average of 99.07%,98.51%,97.96%,and 98.22%for the accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score,respectively.This feasibility study highlights the effectiveness of Raspberry Pi 4 and YOLOv11 in real-time indoor object detection,paving the way for structured user studies with visually impaired people in the future to evaluate their real-world use and impact.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(No.2022BCA011).
文摘AIM:To develop a nomogram to predict the risk of visual impairment(VI)in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).METHODS:Totally 897 patients with CKD were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).The training and validation sets were divided in a 7:3 ratio.Multivariate logistic regression and bidirectional stepwise regression was used to select the factor of developing nomogram.The performance of the nomogram was evaluated by receiver operator characteristic curve,calibration curve and decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS:Age,diastolic blood pressure,glucose,serum creatinine,income at or above poverty,and history of smoking were included in the nomogram.And the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the training and validation sets were 0.684 and 0.640,respectively.The fit of the model was demonstrated the calibration curve,and DCA showed the value of clinical application.CONCLUSION:The nomogram may help to screening the probability of VI in patients with CKD.Larger samples are needed to validate and improve the model to increase its efficacy.
基金The 2024 Class A Project of the University-level College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program in Liaoning Province,titled“Unlimited Vision-UI Design for Visually Impaired People”(Project No.:X202413198012).
文摘The“Boundless Vision”project focuses on creating novel user interfaces to improve the experience of visually impaired individuals when using smart devices.By incorporating features such as high-contrast color schemes,enlarged text,and voice control,an intuitive and accessible interface is developed.Moreover,the project leverages online volunteer services to offer telephone and video guidance,aiding visually impaired users in navigating urban environments and accessing information.Through a comprehensive process involving needs assessment,UI design,system development,and service evaluation,the project aims to boost the independence of visually impaired individuals and foster greater societal awareness of visual impairment challenges.Ultimately,the project will deliver a suite of user interface designs that can serve as a model for advancing inclusive technology across society.
文摘AIM:To investigate the long-term outcomes in acute primary angle closure(APAC)patients treated with lens extraction(LE)surgery and to identify risk factors for glaucomatous optic neuropathy(GON).METHODS:In this longitudinal observational study,detailed medical histories of APAC patients and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations at final followup were collected.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of blindness.Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to determine risk factors associated with visual outcomes.RESULTS:This study included 39 affected eyes of 31 subjects(26 females)with an average age of 74.1±8.0y.At 6.7±4.2y after APAC attack,2(5.7%)eyes had bestcorrected visual acuity(VA)worse than 3/60.Advanced glaucomatous visual field loss was observed in 15(39.5%)affected eyes and 5(25.0%)fellow eyes.Nine affected eyes(23.7%)had GON,and 11(28.9%)were blind.Six(15.4%)affected eyes and 2(9.1%)fellow eyes had suspicious progression.A significantly higher blindness rate in factory workers compared to office workers.Logistic regression identified that worse VA at attack(OR 10.568,95%CI 1.288-86.695;P=0.028)and worse early postoperative VA(OR 13.214,95%CI 1.157-150.881;P=0.038)were risk factors for blindness.Multivariate regression showed that longer duration of elevated intraocular pressure(P=0.004)and worse early postoperative VA(P=0.009)were associated with worse visual outcomes.CONCLUSION:Despite LE surgery,some APAC patients experience continued visual function deterioration.Lifelong monitoring is necessary.Target pressure and progression rates should be re-evaluated during follow-up.
基金Supported by Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission Foundation(No.201440029)
文摘AIM： To assess the prevalence, causes, and risk factors for blindness and visual impairment among elderly （〉60 years of age） Chinese people in a metropolitan area of Shanghai, China. METHODS： Random cluster sampling was conducted to identify participants among residents ≥60 years of age living in the Xietu Block, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China. Presenting visual acuity （PVA） and best-corrected visual acuity （BCVA） were checked by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study （ETDRS） visual chart. All eligible participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination. Blindness and visual impairment were defined according to World Health Organization （WHO） criteria. RESULTS： A total of 4190 persons （1688 men and 2502 women） participated in the study, and the response rate was 91.1%. Based on PVA, the prevalence of blindness was 1.1% and that of visual impairment was 7.6%. Based on BCVA, the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment decreased to 0.9% and 3.9%, respectively. Older （〉80 years of age） women, with low educational levels and smoking habits, exhibited a significantly greater chance for blindness and visual impairment than did those with high educational levels and no smoking habits （P〈0.05）. Based on PVA and BCVA, the main causes of blindness were cataract, myopic maculopathy, and age-related macular degeneration （AMD）. CONCLUSION： Our findings help to identify the population in need of intervention, to highlight the need for additional eye healthcare services in urban China.
基金European Commission,Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations,No.ECHO/SUB/2015/718665/PREP17the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted,No.S23/2017,No.S20/2018 and No.S12/2019.
文摘BACKGROUND To our knowledge,no study has obtained specific estimates of depression for young and middle-aged adults with visual impairment(VI).As estimates of depression varies across age groups in the general population,it is of interest to examine whether the same applies to adults with low vision or blindness.AIM To estimate depression prevalence and its association with VI-related characteristics and life satisfaction in adults with VI.METHODS A telephone-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and May 2017 in an age-stratified sample of adults who were members of the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted.Participants were asked questions about their sociodemographic characteristics,VI characteristics,and life satisfaction.Depression was measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire.The diagnostic scoring algorithm was used to calculate the point prevalence of depression(i.e.,major depression and other depressive disorders)across categories of gender and age(years:18-35,36-50,51-65,≥66).The associations were estimated using regression models.RESULTS Overall,736 adults participated in the study(response rate:61%).The prevalence estimates of depression varied across different age groups,ranging from 11.1%-22.8%in women and 9.4%-16.5%in men,with the highest rates for the two youngest age groups.Results from the multivariable models including sociodemographic and VI-related variables showed that losing vision late in life[Prevalence ratio(PR),1.76,95%CI:1.11,2.79]and having other impairments(PR:1.88,95%CI:1.32,2.67)were associated with higher rates of depression,whereas older age was associated with lower rates(PR:0.83,95%CI:0.74,0.93).Additionally,participants who were depressed had lower life satisfaction than those who were not depressed(adjustedβ:-2.36,95%CI:-2.75,-1.98).CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that depression in adults with VI,and especially among young and middle-aged adults,warrants greater attention by user organisations,clinicians,and healthcare authorities.
基金Supported by Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(No.GJHZ20180420180937076,No.JCYJ20180228164400218)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen Grant(No.SZSM201812090)。
文摘AIM:To obtain the baseline data on presenting visual acuity(PVA)and evaluate the prevalence and associated factors for visual impairment based on PVA in 9070 Chinese college students.METHODS:The freshmen at a university in southern China,including 6527 undergraduate students and 2543 graduate students,were investigated for some sociodemographic characteristics and underwent routine medical examination,including measuring PVA,height,and weight.Visual impairment was defined according to the new World Health Organization criteria for blindness and visual impairment.RESULTS:In 9070 college students,the mean PVA in the better eye was 0.094±0.163 log MAR.The prevalence of visual impairment based on PVA was 2.7%.Only 38.3%college students had normal visual acuity[PVA equal to 0 log MAR(20/20)in both eyes].There were 69.8%of students wearing spectacles.Logistic regression showed that home region(non-Guangdong provinces,P<0.0001,OR=1.70)was risk factor for visual impairment while BMI(P=0.001,OR=0.92)was protective factor from visual impairment.Ethnicity(Han Chinese,P<0.0001,OR=3.17)was risk factor for wearing spectacles while age(P=0.01,OR=0.90)was protective factor from wearing spectacles.CONCLUSION:This study provides the baseline data on PVA and the prevalence of visual impairment in Chinese college students.Our analyses reveal that BMI and home region are associated factors for visual impairment based on PVA,while age and ethnicity are associated factors for wearing spectacles.
基金The RAAB survey was supported by the Lions Clubs International Foundation (LCIF) Sight First Research Grant Program (No.SF 1825/UND)。
文摘·AIM: To review existing data for the prevalence of corrected, uncorrected, and inadequately corrected refractive errors and spectacle wear in Hungary.·METHODS: Data from two nationwide cross-sectional studies were analysed. The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness study collected population-based representative national data on the prevalence of visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive errors and spectacle coverage in 3523 people aged ≥50y(Group I). The Comprehensive Health Test Program of Hungary provided data on the use of spectacles in 80 290 people aged ≥18y(Group Ⅱ).·RESULTS: In Group I, almost half of the survey population showed refractive errors for distant vision, about 10% of which were uncorrected(3.2% of all male participants and 5.0% of females). The distance spectacle coverage was 90.7%(91.9% in males;90.2% in females). The proportion of inadequate distance spectacles was found to be 33.1%. Uncorrected presbyopia was found in 15.7% of participants. In all age groups(Group Ⅱ), 65.4% of females and 56.0% of males used distance spectacles,and approximately 28.9% of these spectacles were found to be inappropriate for dioptric power(with 0.5 dioptres or more). The prevalence of inaccurate distance spectacles was significantly higher in older age groups(71y and above) in both sexes.·CONCLUSION: According to this population-based data, uncorrected refractive errors are not rare in Hungary. Despite recent national initiatives, fur ther steps are required to reduce uncorrected refractive errors and associated negative effects on vision, such as avoidable visual impairment.
基金the European Commission,Directorate General Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection,No.ECHO SUB/2015/718665/PREP17a part of the European Network for Psychosocial Crisis Management Assisting Disabled in Case of Disaster(EUNAD)
文摘AIM To examine associated factors of bullying and to determine associations between bullying and psychosocial outcomes among individuals with visual impairments(Ⅵ).METHODS We conducted an age-stratified cross-sectional survey of adults withⅥwho were recruited from the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted.Data were collected through structural telephone interviews in the period between February and May,2017.Linear regression models were used to examine factors related to bullying and associations of bullying with self-efficacy and life satisfaction.RESULTS A total of 736 individuals were interviewed.The lifetime and 6-mo prevalence of bullying was 41.7%and8.2%,respectively.The majority of bullied participants reportedⅥ-specific bullying(65.1%).Victimization of bullying was associated with young age,early onsetage ofⅥ,and having other impairments.Participants who reported bullying had lower levels of self-efficacy[Adjusted relative risk(ARR):0.40,95%confidence interval(CI):0.19-0.85]and life satisfaction(ARR:0.68,95%CI:0.51-0.91).CONCLUSION Bullying is highly prevalent among individuals withⅥ.Our findings suggest that interventions to reduce bullying may be beneficial for improving the well-being and life quality of people withⅥ.
文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence, main causes, and related factors of visual impairment(VI) among people aged 50 y and over in Jalalabad City and four surrounding districts of Nangarhar Province of Afghanistan. METHODS: The data for the population based crosssectional study was collected in 2015. The calculated sample size was 1353, allocated to urban-rural strata using probability proportion to size method. At the end of the study, 1281 people participated in to the study. VI was defined as presenting visual acuity(VA) of less than 6/18 and blindness as VA less than 3/60 in the better eye by using Snellen chart only. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS 21.0 software.RESULTS: The prevalence of VI was 22.6%(95%CI, 20%-25%) of which 13.9%(95%CI, 12%-16%) was low vision and 8.7%(95%CI, 7%-10%) was blindness. The most common causes of the VI were cataract(52.8%), followed by uncorrected refractive error(URE)(26.9%) and glaucoma(8.6%). Number one cause of the low vision was URE(42%), followed by cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration(AMD) and diabetic retinopathy(DR), while for blindness they are cataract(72%), other posterior segment disorders, glaucoma, URE and AMD. Illiteracy, bad economic status, hypertension and overweight were factors independently associated with both VI and low vision, whereas, age, illiteracy, bad economic status, hypertension and using of sunglasses were independently associated with blindness.CONCLUSION: Cataract, URE, glaucoma, AMD and DR are the leading causes of VI and blindness in the study area. They are mostly avoidable. In order to decrease theburden of VI and blindness in the study area as well as the whole country, it is strongly recommended to apply the prevention policies of VI and blindness.
文摘AIM：To evaluate the association between visual impairment（VI） and mental health or social engagement in older adults living in rural Thailand.METHODS：Data for this cross-sectional study were drawn from a community survey conducted in 2015 in Saraburi Province,Thailand.Participants were 327 adults aged ≥50 y.VI was assessed using presenting distance visual acuity.Mental health and social engagement were evaluated in face-to-face interviews using validated questionnaires.After determining the prevalence of VI and relevant sociodemographic characteristics,multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of VI on mental health and social engagement.RESULTS：The prevalence of VI was 18.3%.Major causes were refractive error（58.3%） and cataract（35%）.Factors associated with VI in the crude analysis were：older age [odds ratio（OR） 8.08],unemployment（OR 2.72）,widowhood（OR 2.47）,being divorced/separated（OR 3.27）,smoking（OR 2.09） and disability in activities of daily living（OR 2.35）.Protective factors were undergoing eye screening at least once a year（P=0.029） and obesity（P=0.005）.VI was significantly associated with low social engagement（adjusted OR 4.13） but not with poor mental health（P〉0.05）.CONCLUSION：Although VI older adults reported less participation in social activities,there is no significant association between VI and poor mental health.Annual eye examinations may prevent VI in older adults.Information about employment and anti-smoking should be targeted to older adults with VI.
基金Supported by Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation,India and Christoffel-Blindenmission(CBM),Bensheim,Germany
文摘AIM： To report the prevalence and causes of unilateral visual impairment（UVI） in rural population of all ages in rural Andhra Pradesh, India.·METHODS： A population-based cross sectional study using a multi-stage cluster sampling methodology was carried out in West Godavari, Adilabad and Mahbubnagar districts in south India. A comprehensive eye examination that included presenting and best corrected visual acuity and dilated fundus examination was conducted by trained professionals. UVI is defined as presenting visual acuity 6/18 in one eye but ≥6/18 in other eye. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to test association of UVI with socio-demographic risk factors.· RESULTS： Data were analyzed for 6634/7771 participants after excluding those with bilateral visual impairment. The mean age of the participants was 27.4y（Standard deviation： 17.9y）, 51.9% were women and49.1% were educated. The prevalence of UVI was 7.8%（95% CI： 7.2%- 8.5%）. Uncorrected refractive error（60.8%）, cataract（17.4%） and retinal causes（6.6%） were the leading causes of UVI. On multiple logistic regression analyses, older age, not having education, living in welloff district had significantly higher odds of being associated with UVI. UVI was not associated with gender.·CONCLUSION： UVI is common in rural south India.Most of it is due to cataract and refractive errors, both of which can be addressed at primary and secondary levelsof eye care. Burden of UVI should also be considered in planning eye care services.
文摘AIM: To determine the distribution of refractive errors in a school-age population in Quintana Roo(Mexico) in the framework of an international cooperation campaign for the prevention of blindness. METHODS: A sample of 2647 school-age children(ranging from 5 to 14 years old) with a mean age of 9.1±1.9 years old were tested by trained volunteers for distance visual acuity(VA) and refractive errors. The first screening examination included uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA) and VA with a +2.00 D lens. Inclusion criteria for a second complete cycloplegic eye examination performed by an optometrist were UDVA <20/25(0.10 logMAR or 0.8 decimal) and/or VA with +2.00 D ≥20/25.RESULTS: A total of 633(23.9%) children underwent the second complete eye examination. Mean logMAR UDVA was 0.035±0.094(range 1.00 to 0.00 logMAR) for the right eyes and 0.036±0.160(range 1.00 to 0.00 logMAR) for the left eyes. Bilateral amblyopia was found in 17 children(2.7% of refracted eyes;0.64% of the total). The main reason for visual impairment(VI) in the sample analyzed was found to be refractive errors. In 12 children(1.9% of refracted eyes;0.45% of the total) the VI was bilateral and 9(1.4% of refracted eyes;0.34% of the total) achieved a corrected distance visual acuity of 20/25 or better in both eyes. Mean magnitude of sphere and refractive cylinder was +0.20±0.96 D and-0.43±0.85 D in right eyes, and +0.24±1.08 and-0.43±0.83 D in left eyes. The proportion of myopic eyes [standard equivalent(SE) ≤-0.50 D] was 4.6% of the whole sample(5290 eyes). The mean magnitude of myopia was-0.84±3.44 D for the right eyes and-0.82±5.21 D for the left eyes. The proportion of hyperopic patients(SE≥+2.00 D) was 2.4%(15/633), which corresponded to 0.60% of the whole sample(32/5290 eyes). No statistically significant correlation of age to manifest sphere or cylinder was found.CONCLUSION: VI due to uncorrected refractive errors can be easily corrected with glasses but it is still a burden to be treated. Myopia is prevalent in this sample. More efforts towards correcting uncorrected refractive errors are needed.
文摘AIM:To investigate the prevalence of visual impairment(VI)and provide an estimation of uncorrected refractive errors in school-aged children,conducted by optometry students as a community service.METHODS:The study was cross-sectional.Totally 3343 participants were included in the study.The initial examination involved assessing the uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)and visual acuity(VA)while using a+2.00 D lens.The inclusion criteria for a subsequent comprehensive cycloplegic eye examination,performed by an optometrist,were as follows:a UDVA<0.6 decimal(0.20 logMAR)and/or a VA with+2.00 D≥0.8 decimal(0.96 logMAR).RESULTS:The sample had a mean age of 10.92±2.13y(range 4 to 17y),and 51.3%of the children were female(n=1715).The majority of the children(89.7%)fell within the age range of 8 to 14y.Among the ethnic groups,the highest representation was from the Luhya group(60.6%)followed by Luo(20.4%).Mean logMAR UDVA choosing the best eye for each student was 0.29±0.17(range 1.70 to 0.22).Out of the total,246 participants(7.4%)had a full eye examination.The estimated prevalence of myopia(defined as spherical equivalent≤-0.5 D)was found to be 1.45%of the total sample.While around 0.18%of the total sample had hyperopia value exceeding+1.75 D.Refractive astigmatism(cil<-0.75 D)was found in 0.21%(7/3343)of the children.The VI prevalence was 1.26%of the total sample.Among our cases of VI,76.2%could be attributed to uncorrected refractive error.Amblyopia was detected in 0.66%(22/3343)of the screened children.There was no statistically significant correlation observed between age or gender and refractive values.CONCLUSION:The primary cause of VI is determined to be uncorrected refractive errors,with myopia being the most prevalent refractive error observed.These findings underscore the significance of early identification and correction of refractive errors in school-aged children as a means to alleviate the impact of VI.
基金the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2018YFC1106104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82000948,No.81870641,No.82070939)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Project under Grant(No.2020C03035)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under Grant(No.LQ20H120007)。
文摘AIM:To investigate the association of visual impairment from cataract with human development index(HDI)by years lived with disability(YLDs).METHODS:Published data on national age-standardized YLD rates caused by cataract and national HDIs in 2019 were obtained.Age-standardized YLD rates from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed to explore cataract burden among patients with different income levels.Age-standardized YLD rates in different HDI groups were compared by different degrees of visual impairment.Association between national age-standardized YLD rates and HDI in 2019 was analyzed.RESULTS:The age-standardized YLD rates of populations with visual impairment or blindness due to cataract declined from 1990 to 2019,especially among those with lower middle income.Multiple comparison tests revealed that countries with low HDI had significantly higher agestandardized YLD rates of blindness due to cataract than those with high and very high HDI(P<0.001).The agestandardized YLD rates of populations with blindness(β=-0.588,P<0.001),severe vision loss(β=-0.378,P<0.001),and moderate vision loss(β=-0.389,P<0.001)inversely correlated with HDI.CONCLUSION:Age-standardized YLD rates caused by cataract have declined since 1990.The burden of visual impairment due to cataract inversely correlate with national socioeconomic development and is more concentrated in countries with low HDI than those with high HDI,especially among the blind.These findings highlight the need to provide additional cataract services and cataract surgery coverage to developing countries to decrease the burden of avoidable blindness caused by cataract.
基金Supported by Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation,India and Christoffel-Blindenmission(CBM),Bensheim,Germany
文摘AIM：To report on the utilization of eye care services and its associated factors among those with unilateral visual impairment（VI）in a rural South Indian population.METHODS：A population based cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts（Adilabad,Mahbubnagar and West Godavari）in the state of Andhra Pradesh,India.A detailed interview and a comprehensive eye examination were conducted. Those with unilateral VI were asked questions about noticing any change in vision and on utilization of eye care services. The most important reason reported by the participant for not utilizing the services was used for the analysis. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between noticing a change in vision and socio-demographic variables such as age,gender,education and area of residence,severity and causes of VI.RESULTS：Among the 4456 participants aged ≥16y who were administered the questionnaire,53.2% were women,and 54.7% had no education. Of the 489（11%; 95% CI：10.1-11.9）people with unilateral VI,399（81.6%）participants reported noticing a change in their vision over the last five years but only 136（34.1%）participants had soughteye care consultation. Those who had any education（OR：1.9; 95% CI：1.1-3.2）,had blindness（OR：2.7; 95% CI：1.4-5.2）,and cataract（OR：2.1; 95% CI：1.0-4.3）as a cause of unilateral VI were more like to seek eye care consultations. The most commonly reported reasons for not seeking eye care services were ＂do not have money for eye checkup＂ in 30.7% of the participants followed by ＂do not have a serious problem＂（30.0%）.CONCLUSION：A large proportion of rural population though noticed a change in their vision did not seek eye care due to financial and person-related reasons. Eye care service providers need to address these barriers to enhance the uptake of eye care services among those with unilateral VI.
文摘Dear Editor,Sildenafil citrate（Viagra;Pfizer Pharmaceuticals,New York,NY,USA）,a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5（PDE-5）,is widely used for erectile dysfunction.Its clinical recommended dosage is 25 to 100 mg per day.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.81271035/H1205)The Cooperative Program of the Second National Sample Survey on Disabilities in Sichuan Province,China(No.303005002164)A departmental grant from Research to Prevent Blindness,New York,NY(PLH,BKF).Award Number P50DA010075-16 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse(NIDA)
文摘AIM: To study the trends of major causes of visual impairment(VI) in adults in Sichuan,China and evaluate the effect of aging on the trends. ·METHODS: We used data from the National Sample Survey on Disabilities(NSSD) in Sichuan province conducted in 1987 and 2006. The age-adjusted prevalence of major causes of VI and the prevalence stratified by age in each cause were calculated and compared. The association between age and each cause of VI was also analyzed.·RESULTS: Retinal disease increased and became the second leading cause of VI in 2006 while blinding trachoma decreased markedly. Cataract and non-trachomatous corneal diseases were among the leading causes of VI in both years. We found associations between age and causes of VI,with age showing the strongest association with cataract and relatively lower associations with other causes. · CONCLUSION: In the last two decades,dramatic changes occurred in the major causes of VI with significantly increased retinal disease and decreased blinding trachoma. Aging of the population might be an important factor accounting for the changed trends of VI. Understanding the prevalence of VI,its major causes and trends over time can assist in prioritizing and developing effective interventional strategies and monitoring their impact.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Benefiting Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2014H01007)the Zhejiang Medical Science and Technology Program(No.2018KY543)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the knowledge,attitudes,and practices regarding eye-care seeking practices of visually impaired adults in a rural area Yueqing,and explore factors influencing their behavior.METHODS:A stratified sampling method was used to select 48 villages in Yueqing,from which 2400 people were selected to receive vision screenings conducted by oculists during a household visit.Those presenting visual acuity≥0.5 log MAR in either eye completed a self-designed questionnaire investigating their knowledge about medical eye-care seeking,attitudes about eye health and eye-careseeking behavior.RESULTS:Totally 165 people with moderate-to-severe visual impairment were identified(6.9%,165/2400),and 146 eligible participants were recruited(response rate:88.4%,mean age:68.6±15.0 y),among which 88(60.3%)were female.They had 82(56.2%)and 64(43.8%)monocular and binocular visual impairments respectively.A total of 67(45.9%)subjects demonstrated a high knowledge level about medical eye-care seeking and 88(60.3%)had self-rated poor vision,with 23(15%)receiving regular vision checks.The 105(71.9%)subjects had never been to hospital for an eye examination."No need"and"schedule conflicts"were the main reasons for not seeking eye care.Having extensive knowledge of medical eye-care seeking was positively associated with high education levels(OR=3.73,P=0.045)and negatively correlated with older age(OR=0.97,P=0.043).Both the self-perceived vision condition(OR=2.59,P=0.03)and regular vision check behavior(OR=6.50,P<0.01)were related with seeking eye care services.CONCLUSION:In rural Yueqing,intervention is required to increase public knowledge about seeking medical eye care among people with moderate-to-severe visual impairment,especially for the elderly and poorly education.Regular vision checks may be useful to promote their medical eye-care utilization.
