The relative permeability of oil and water is a key factor in assessing the production performance of a reservoir.This study analyzed the impact of injecting a viscosity reducer solution into low-viscosity crude oil t...The relative permeability of oil and water is a key factor in assessing the production performance of a reservoir.This study analyzed the impact of injecting a viscosity reducer solution into low-viscosity crude oil to enhance fluid flow within a low-permeability reservoir.At 72°C,the oil-water dispersion solution achieved a viscosity reduction rate(f)of 92.42%,formulated with a viscosity reducer agent concentration(C_(VR))of 0.1%and an oil-water ratio of 5:5.The interfacial tension between the viscosity reducer solution and the crude oil remained stable at approximately 1.0 mN/m across different concentrations,with the minimum value of 4.07×10^(-1)mN/m recorded at a C_(VR)of 0.2%.As the CVR increased,the relative permeability curve of the oil phase gradually decreased while the oil-water two-phase region(Ro-wtp)expanded significantly.At a C_(VR)of 0.1%,the R_(o-wtp)peaked,making an increase of 7.93 percentage points compared to water flooding.In addition,the final displacement efficiency(E_(R),final)achieved with a 0.1%viscosity reducer solution reached 48.64%,exceeding water flooding by 15.46 percentage points,highlighting the effectiveness of the viscosity reducer solution in enhancing oil recovery.展开更多
To reduce the viscosity of highly-viscous oil of the Tahe oilfield （Xinjiang,China）,an oilsoluble polybasic copolymer viscosity reducer for heavy oil was synthesized using the orthogonal method.The optimum reaction ...To reduce the viscosity of highly-viscous oil of the Tahe oilfield （Xinjiang,China）,an oilsoluble polybasic copolymer viscosity reducer for heavy oil was synthesized using the orthogonal method.The optimum reaction conditions are obtained as follows：under the protection of nitrogen,a reaction time of 9 h,monomer mole ratio of reaction materials of 3：2：2 （The monomers are 2-propenoic acid,docosyl ester,maleic anhydride and styrene,respectively）,initiator amount of 0.8% （mass percent of the sum of all the monomers） and reaction temperature of 80 oC.This synthesized viscosity reducer is more effective than commercial viscosity reducers.The rate of viscosity reduction reached 95.5% at 50 oC.Infrared spectra （IR） and interfacial tensions of heavy oil with and without viscosity reducer were investigated to understand the viscosity reduction mechanism.When viscosity reducer is added,the molecules of the viscosity reducer are inserted amongst the molecules of crude oil,altering the original intermolecular structure of crude oil and weakening its ability to form hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl or carboxyl groups,so the viscosity of crude oil is reduced.Field tests of the newly developed oil-soluble viscosity reducer was carried out in the Tahe Oilfield,and the results showed that 44.5% less light oil was needed to dilute the heavy oil to achieve the needed viscosity.展开更多
In the process of water-flooding development of heavy oil reservoir,due to the high viscosity and oil-water mobility ratio of heavy oil,there are some problems such as poor fluidity,high residual oil saturation and lo...In the process of water-flooding development of heavy oil reservoir,due to the high viscosity and oil-water mobility ratio of heavy oil,there are some problems such as poor fluidity,high residual oil saturation and low recovery efficiency,which seriously restrict the efficient development of heavy oil.The molecular structure characteristics of asphaltenes and resins in heavy oil were analyzed.Based on the three most concerned properties of chemical agents,including the emulsification performance,the interface performance and the oil washing performance,three chemical oil displacement agents for heavy oil reservoirs were developed,and the structure of the chemical agents were characterized by high resolution mass spectrometry.The performance evaluation of chemical agents and core displacement experiments show that there is no obvious correlation between the properties of chemical agents,including interfacial tension,emulsifying ability and oil washing ability.For heavy oil reservoirs,the emulsification and viscosity reduction performance of chemical agents was more important than the oil washing capacity,and the oil washing capacity was more important than the interface performance.Viscosity reduction performance was the key parameter of oil displacement agent suitable for heavy oil reservoir.The composite binary system consisting of the viscosity reducer and the polymer had better oil recovery than using viscosity reducer alone.展开更多
Sustained casing pressure(SCP)is a crucial issue in the oil and gas production lifecycle.Epoxy resins,exhibiting exceptional compressive strength,ductility,and shear bonding strength,have the potential to form reliabl...Sustained casing pressure(SCP)is a crucial issue in the oil and gas production lifecycle.Epoxy resins,exhibiting exceptional compressive strength,ductility,and shear bonding strength,have the potential to form reliable barriers.The injectivity and sealing capacity of the epoxy resin is crucial parameters for the success of shallow remediation operations.This study aimed to develop and assess a novel solid-free resin sealant as an alternative to Portland cement for mitigating fluid leakage.The investigation evaluated the viscosity,compressive strength,and brittleness index of the epoxy resin sealant,as well as its tangential and normal shear strengths in conjunction with casing steel.The flow characteristics and sealing abilities of conventional cement and epoxy resin were comparatively analyzed in cracks.The results showed that the application of a viscosity reducer facilitated control over the curing time of the epoxy resin,ranging from 1.5 to 6 h,and reduced the initial viscosity from 865.53 to 118.71 m Pa,s.The mechanical properties of the epoxy resin initially increased with a rise in curing agent content before experiencing a minor decrease.The epoxy resin containing 30%curing agent exhibited optimal mechanical properties.After a 14-day curing period,the epoxy resin's compressive strength reached81.37 MPa,2.12 times higher than that of cement,whereas the elastic modulus of cement was 2.99 times greater than that of the epoxy resin.The brittleness index of epoxy resin is only 3.42,demonstrating high flexibility and toughness.The tangential and normal shear strengths of the epoxy resin exceeded those of cement by 3.17 and 2.82 times,respectively.In a 0.5 mm-wide crack,the injection pressure of the epoxy resin remained below 0.075 MPa,indicating superior injection and flow capabilities.Conversely,the injection pressure of cement surged dramatically to 2.61 MPa within 5 min.The breakthrough pressure of0.5 PV epoxy resin reached 7.53 MPa,decreasing the crack's permeability to 0.02 D,a mere 9.49%of the permeability observed following cement plugging.Upon sealing a 2 mm-wide crack using epoxy resin,the maximum breakthrough pressure attained 5.47 MPa,3.48 times of cement.These results suggest that epoxy resin sealant can be employed safely and effectively to seal cracks in the cement.展开更多
The xxx area of the xxx oilfield was put into development in 1993 with a production reserve of 3.47 million tons. As the oil is thick and the formation energy level is kept low, various development methods such as ste...The xxx area of the xxx oilfield was put into development in 1993 with a production reserve of 3.47 million tons. As the oil is thick and the formation energy level is kept low, various development methods such as steam stimulation, air flooding, carbon dioxide + viscosity reducer stimulation have been tested with unsatisfactory development results. At present, the well opening rate is only 32.8%, the oil production rate is 0.2%, and the recovery rate is 12.7%. It is urgent to study the conversion of development methods. Through comparison with the north of adjacent areas, it is decided to learn from the successful experience of viscosity reduction compound flooding in adjacent blocks. Based on the detailed geological research in the early stage, this paper analyzes the development effect and the main problems existing in the south of the block, evaluates the feasibility of reducing viscosity and conforming to flooding, and puts forward the next treatment measures, which also provides a basis for the development of similar reservoirs.展开更多
Hydrophobically modified poly(4-vinyl pyridines) by alkyl bromides are kinds of polysoap similar to the surfactant. Properties of dilute solutions were studied through the viscosity measurements in pure water and NaCl...Hydrophobically modified poly(4-vinyl pyridines) by alkyl bromides are kinds of polysoap similar to the surfactant. Properties of dilute solutions were studied through the viscosity measurements in pure water and NaCl solutions. In aqueous solutions of polysoaps hydrophobic interaction can be attributed to aggregation of hydrophobic groups of the polysoap main chains. The hydrophobic groups of polysoap can aggregate to form hydrophobic microdomains (micelles) in aqueous solution. This is a compact conformation. The formation of such microdomains is a process of dynamic equilibrium.展开更多
The method that we can choose is only the more complicated flux growth techniqUe.A broad range of fluxes which contain B_(2)O_(3),PbO_(2),PbF_(2)and alkali halides etc.have been therefore attemped in our lab、in order...The method that we can choose is only the more complicated flux growth techniqUe.A broad range of fluxes which contain B_(2)O_(3),PbO_(2),PbF_(2)and alkali halides etc.have been therefore attemped in our lab、in order to grow large high quality LBO crystals.Most of them seems infavorable to the growth of LBO crystals,and PbO and PbF_(2)also have to be excluded from our considerations although these additives can reduce the viscosity of the growth solution and enhance growth rate,since Pb^(2+)ion can easily enter into the crystal lat-tice and may cause the shatter of crystal thereby.展开更多
基金supported by the Petrochina Daqing Oilfield Research Project(No.DQYT-1201002-2023-JS-1201).
文摘The relative permeability of oil and water is a key factor in assessing the production performance of a reservoir.This study analyzed the impact of injecting a viscosity reducer solution into low-viscosity crude oil to enhance fluid flow within a low-permeability reservoir.At 72°C,the oil-water dispersion solution achieved a viscosity reduction rate(f)of 92.42%,formulated with a viscosity reducer agent concentration(C_(VR))of 0.1%and an oil-water ratio of 5:5.The interfacial tension between the viscosity reducer solution and the crude oil remained stable at approximately 1.0 mN/m across different concentrations,with the minimum value of 4.07×10^(-1)mN/m recorded at a C_(VR)of 0.2%.As the CVR increased,the relative permeability curve of the oil phase gradually decreased while the oil-water two-phase region(Ro-wtp)expanded significantly.At a C_(VR)of 0.1%,the R_(o-wtp)peaked,making an increase of 7.93 percentage points compared to water flooding.In addition,the final displacement efficiency(E_(R),final)achieved with a 0.1%viscosity reducer solution reached 48.64%,exceeding water flooding by 15.46 percentage points,highlighting the effectiveness of the viscosity reducer solution in enhancing oil recovery.
文摘To reduce the viscosity of highly-viscous oil of the Tahe oilfield （Xinjiang,China）,an oilsoluble polybasic copolymer viscosity reducer for heavy oil was synthesized using the orthogonal method.The optimum reaction conditions are obtained as follows：under the protection of nitrogen,a reaction time of 9 h,monomer mole ratio of reaction materials of 3：2：2 （The monomers are 2-propenoic acid,docosyl ester,maleic anhydride and styrene,respectively）,initiator amount of 0.8% （mass percent of the sum of all the monomers） and reaction temperature of 80 oC.This synthesized viscosity reducer is more effective than commercial viscosity reducers.The rate of viscosity reduction reached 95.5% at 50 oC.Infrared spectra （IR） and interfacial tensions of heavy oil with and without viscosity reducer were investigated to understand the viscosity reduction mechanism.When viscosity reducer is added,the molecules of the viscosity reducer are inserted amongst the molecules of crude oil,altering the original intermolecular structure of crude oil and weakening its ability to form hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl or carboxyl groups,so the viscosity of crude oil is reduced.Field tests of the newly developed oil-soluble viscosity reducer was carried out in the Tahe Oilfield,and the results showed that 44.5% less light oil was needed to dilute the heavy oil to achieve the needed viscosity.
基金supported by the 13th Five-Year Plan National Key Project of China (NO.2016ZX0511-003-004 and No.2017ZX05049-003-008)
文摘In the process of water-flooding development of heavy oil reservoir,due to the high viscosity and oil-water mobility ratio of heavy oil,there are some problems such as poor fluidity,high residual oil saturation and low recovery efficiency,which seriously restrict the efficient development of heavy oil.The molecular structure characteristics of asphaltenes and resins in heavy oil were analyzed.Based on the three most concerned properties of chemical agents,including the emulsification performance,the interface performance and the oil washing performance,three chemical oil displacement agents for heavy oil reservoirs were developed,and the structure of the chemical agents were characterized by high resolution mass spectrometry.The performance evaluation of chemical agents and core displacement experiments show that there is no obvious correlation between the properties of chemical agents,including interfacial tension,emulsifying ability and oil washing ability.For heavy oil reservoirs,the emulsification and viscosity reduction performance of chemical agents was more important than the oil washing capacity,and the oil washing capacity was more important than the interface performance.Viscosity reduction performance was the key parameter of oil displacement agent suitable for heavy oil reservoir.The composite binary system consisting of the viscosity reducer and the polymer had better oil recovery than using viscosity reducer alone.
基金funded by the National Natural Science(Grant No.52274015)。
文摘Sustained casing pressure(SCP)is a crucial issue in the oil and gas production lifecycle.Epoxy resins,exhibiting exceptional compressive strength,ductility,and shear bonding strength,have the potential to form reliable barriers.The injectivity and sealing capacity of the epoxy resin is crucial parameters for the success of shallow remediation operations.This study aimed to develop and assess a novel solid-free resin sealant as an alternative to Portland cement for mitigating fluid leakage.The investigation evaluated the viscosity,compressive strength,and brittleness index of the epoxy resin sealant,as well as its tangential and normal shear strengths in conjunction with casing steel.The flow characteristics and sealing abilities of conventional cement and epoxy resin were comparatively analyzed in cracks.The results showed that the application of a viscosity reducer facilitated control over the curing time of the epoxy resin,ranging from 1.5 to 6 h,and reduced the initial viscosity from 865.53 to 118.71 m Pa,s.The mechanical properties of the epoxy resin initially increased with a rise in curing agent content before experiencing a minor decrease.The epoxy resin containing 30%curing agent exhibited optimal mechanical properties.After a 14-day curing period,the epoxy resin's compressive strength reached81.37 MPa,2.12 times higher than that of cement,whereas the elastic modulus of cement was 2.99 times greater than that of the epoxy resin.The brittleness index of epoxy resin is only 3.42,demonstrating high flexibility and toughness.The tangential and normal shear strengths of the epoxy resin exceeded those of cement by 3.17 and 2.82 times,respectively.In a 0.5 mm-wide crack,the injection pressure of the epoxy resin remained below 0.075 MPa,indicating superior injection and flow capabilities.Conversely,the injection pressure of cement surged dramatically to 2.61 MPa within 5 min.The breakthrough pressure of0.5 PV epoxy resin reached 7.53 MPa,decreasing the crack's permeability to 0.02 D,a mere 9.49%of the permeability observed following cement plugging.Upon sealing a 2 mm-wide crack using epoxy resin,the maximum breakthrough pressure attained 5.47 MPa,3.48 times of cement.These results suggest that epoxy resin sealant can be employed safely and effectively to seal cracks in the cement.
文摘The xxx area of the xxx oilfield was put into development in 1993 with a production reserve of 3.47 million tons. As the oil is thick and the formation energy level is kept low, various development methods such as steam stimulation, air flooding, carbon dioxide + viscosity reducer stimulation have been tested with unsatisfactory development results. At present, the well opening rate is only 32.8%, the oil production rate is 0.2%, and the recovery rate is 12.7%. It is urgent to study the conversion of development methods. Through comparison with the north of adjacent areas, it is decided to learn from the successful experience of viscosity reduction compound flooding in adjacent blocks. Based on the detailed geological research in the early stage, this paper analyzes the development effect and the main problems existing in the south of the block, evaluates the feasibility of reducing viscosity and conforming to flooding, and puts forward the next treatment measures, which also provides a basis for the development of similar reservoirs.
基金The project is financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Hydrophobically modified poly(4-vinyl pyridines) by alkyl bromides are kinds of polysoap similar to the surfactant. Properties of dilute solutions were studied through the viscosity measurements in pure water and NaCl solutions. In aqueous solutions of polysoaps hydrophobic interaction can be attributed to aggregation of hydrophobic groups of the polysoap main chains. The hydrophobic groups of polysoap can aggregate to form hydrophobic microdomains (micelles) in aqueous solution. This is a compact conformation. The formation of such microdomains is a process of dynamic equilibrium.
文摘The method that we can choose is only the more complicated flux growth techniqUe.A broad range of fluxes which contain B_(2)O_(3),PbO_(2),PbF_(2)and alkali halides etc.have been therefore attemped in our lab、in order to grow large high quality LBO crystals.Most of them seems infavorable to the growth of LBO crystals,and PbO and PbF_(2)also have to be excluded from our considerations although these additives can reduce the viscosity of the growth solution and enhance growth rate,since Pb^(2+)ion can easily enter into the crystal lat-tice and may cause the shatter of crystal thereby.
