Software defined optical networks （SDONs） integrate software defined technology with optical communication networks and represent the promising development trend of future optical networks. The key technologies for ...Software defined optical networks （SDONs） integrate software defined technology with optical communication networks and represent the promising development trend of future optical networks. The key technologies for SDONs include software-defined optical transmission, switching, and networking. The main features include control and transport separation, hard-ware universalization, protocol standardization, controllable optical network, and flexible optical network applications. This paper introduces software defined optical networks and its innovation environment, in terms of network architecture, protocol extension solution, experiment platform and typical applications. Batch testing has been conducted to evaluate the performance of this SDON testbed. The results show that the SDON testbed has good scalability in different sizes. Meanwhile, we notice that controller output bandwidth has great influence on lightpath setup delay.展开更多
The development of atomically dispersed platinum-based catalysts with high performance and welldefined active site structures is crucial for the commercialization of water electrolysis for hydrogen production.Herein,w...The development of atomically dispersed platinum-based catalysts with high performance and welldefined active site structures is crucial for the commercialization of water electrolysis for hydrogen production.Herein,we propose a coordination dual-shell synergistic regulation mechanism of coal pitchderived carbon-supported single atom Pt-N_(x)O_(y)-S_(1)catalytic sites by a self-assembly-pyrolysis strategy for promoting hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The Pt-N_(3)O1-S_(1)sites exhibited the highest HER performance,with an overpotential of 92 mV at a current density of 400 mA cm^(-2).At 50 mV,the turnover frequency was 34.04 s^(-1)and the mass activity was 22.83 A mg_(Pt)^(-l),which is 63.4 times that of the 20%Pt/C catalyst.Theoretical calculations revealed that the coordination dual-shell impacts the electronic structure of the Pt atoms and the adsorption strength towards reactants synergistically.The S atoms in the second coordination shell weakened the strength of Pt-N first shell,resulting the more surface valence electrons around Pt atoms,exhibiting the most suitable adsorption free energy and enhancing the adsorption of H^(+)on Pt-N_(3)O_(1)-S_(1)sites,thus enhancing the electrocatalytic HER process by promoting Volmer step.This work reveals that coordination dual-shell synergistic regulation is an effective strategy for enhancing the electrocatalytic reaction process.展开更多
Monkeypox was declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization,and as of March 2023,86,000 confirmed cases and 111 deaths across 110 countries have been reported.Its causal agent,monkeypox virus(MPV...Monkeypox was declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization,and as of March 2023,86,000 confirmed cases and 111 deaths across 110 countries have been reported.Its causal agent,monkeypox virus(MPV)belongs to a large family of double-stranded DNA viruses,Orthopoxviridae,that also includes vaccinia virus(VACV)and others.MPV produces two distinct forms of viral particles during its replication cycles:the enveloped viron(EV)that is released via exocytosis,and the mature viron(MV)that is discharged through lysis of host cells.This study was designed to develop multi-valent m RNA vaccines against monkeypox EV and MV surface proteins,and examine their efficacy and mechanism of action.Four m RNA vaccines were produced with different combinations of surface proteins from EV(A35R and B6R),MV(A29L,E8L,H3L and M1R),or EV and MV,and were administered in Balb/c mice to assess their immunogenicity potentials.A dynamic immune response was observed as soon as seven days after initial immunization,while a strong Ig G response to all immunogens was detected with ELISA after two vaccinations.The higher number of immunogens contributed to a more robust total Ig G response and correlating neutralizing activity against VACV,indicating the additive potential of each immunogen in generating immune response and nullifying VACV infection.Further,the m RNA vaccines elicited an antigen-specific CD4^(+)T cell response that is biased towards Th1.The m RNA vaccines with different combinations of EVand MV surface antigens protected a mouse model from a lethal dose VACV challenge,with the EV and MV antigens-combined vaccine offering the strongest protection.These findings provide insight into the protective mechanism of multi-valent m RNAvaccines against MPV,and also the foundation for further development of effective and safe m RNA vaccines for enhanced protection against monkeypox virus outbreak.展开更多
基金supported by ZTE Industry-Academia-Research Cooperation Funds under Grant No.Surrey-Ref-9953
文摘Software defined optical networks （SDONs） integrate software defined technology with optical communication networks and represent the promising development trend of future optical networks. The key technologies for SDONs include software-defined optical transmission, switching, and networking. The main features include control and transport separation, hard-ware universalization, protocol standardization, controllable optical network, and flexible optical network applications. This paper introduces software defined optical networks and its innovation environment, in terms of network architecture, protocol extension solution, experiment platform and typical applications. Batch testing has been conducted to evaluate the performance of this SDON testbed. The results show that the SDON testbed has good scalability in different sizes. Meanwhile, we notice that controller output bandwidth has great influence on lightpath setup delay.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22108306,22478432 and 22406191)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn201909065)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024JQ004,ZR2021YQ15)。
文摘The development of atomically dispersed platinum-based catalysts with high performance and welldefined active site structures is crucial for the commercialization of water electrolysis for hydrogen production.Herein,we propose a coordination dual-shell synergistic regulation mechanism of coal pitchderived carbon-supported single atom Pt-N_(x)O_(y)-S_(1)catalytic sites by a self-assembly-pyrolysis strategy for promoting hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The Pt-N_(3)O1-S_(1)sites exhibited the highest HER performance,with an overpotential of 92 mV at a current density of 400 mA cm^(-2).At 50 mV,the turnover frequency was 34.04 s^(-1)and the mass activity was 22.83 A mg_(Pt)^(-l),which is 63.4 times that of the 20%Pt/C catalyst.Theoretical calculations revealed that the coordination dual-shell impacts the electronic structure of the Pt atoms and the adsorption strength towards reactants synergistically.The S atoms in the second coordination shell weakened the strength of Pt-N first shell,resulting the more surface valence electrons around Pt atoms,exhibiting the most suitable adsorption free energy and enhancing the adsorption of H^(+)on Pt-N_(3)O_(1)-S_(1)sites,thus enhancing the electrocatalytic HER process by promoting Volmer step.This work reveals that coordination dual-shell synergistic regulation is an effective strategy for enhancing the electrocatalytic reaction process.
基金the National Science and Technology Major Projects(2021YFC2300704)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1301402,2018YFA0903700)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24010400)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(ZD2021CY001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270695,31972881)support from Lingang Laboratory(Shanghai,China)。
文摘Monkeypox was declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization,and as of March 2023,86,000 confirmed cases and 111 deaths across 110 countries have been reported.Its causal agent,monkeypox virus(MPV)belongs to a large family of double-stranded DNA viruses,Orthopoxviridae,that also includes vaccinia virus(VACV)and others.MPV produces two distinct forms of viral particles during its replication cycles:the enveloped viron(EV)that is released via exocytosis,and the mature viron(MV)that is discharged through lysis of host cells.This study was designed to develop multi-valent m RNA vaccines against monkeypox EV and MV surface proteins,and examine their efficacy and mechanism of action.Four m RNA vaccines were produced with different combinations of surface proteins from EV(A35R and B6R),MV(A29L,E8L,H3L and M1R),or EV and MV,and were administered in Balb/c mice to assess their immunogenicity potentials.A dynamic immune response was observed as soon as seven days after initial immunization,while a strong Ig G response to all immunogens was detected with ELISA after two vaccinations.The higher number of immunogens contributed to a more robust total Ig G response and correlating neutralizing activity against VACV,indicating the additive potential of each immunogen in generating immune response and nullifying VACV infection.Further,the m RNA vaccines elicited an antigen-specific CD4^(+)T cell response that is biased towards Th1.The m RNA vaccines with different combinations of EVand MV surface antigens protected a mouse model from a lethal dose VACV challenge,with the EV and MV antigens-combined vaccine offering the strongest protection.These findings provide insight into the protective mechanism of multi-valent m RNAvaccines against MPV,and also the foundation for further development of effective and safe m RNA vaccines for enhanced protection against monkeypox virus outbreak.
