[Objective] The paper aimed to study the control effects of live spore preparations of Trichoderma viride strains against vegetable grey mold in greenhouse. [Method] Trichoderma viride strains NW-411 live spore prepar...[Objective] The paper aimed to study the control effects of live spore preparations of Trichoderma viride strains against vegetable grey mold in greenhouse. [Method] Trichoderma viride strains NW-411 live spore preparations were prepared by solid-state fermentation,106-107 spore/g diluent was made to conduct field control experiment,traits change of cucumber and tomato plants inoculated grey mold were investigated,control effect was calculated. [Result] Cucumber and tomato plants without dilution treatment of T. viride spores could be infected with different changes in trait. T. viride spore preparations had a significant preventive effect on greenhouse cucumber and tomato gray mold,the optimal concentration of spores was in the range of 2.3×10^6-2.3×10^7 spore/g. The incidence of cucumber and tomato plants were reduced to 4.2% and 3.1%,the incidence rate decreased 29.8% and 39.1% compared with plants without treatment,biological control effect was over 87%,and the plant growth can be enhanced obviously. [Conclusion] Live spores preparation of T. viride not only had a significant effect on grey mold,but also significantly enhanced the plants growth in greenhouse,which is a safety and environmental protection biological agent,and worthy to be widely spread in large-scale green vegetable production.展开更多
Biocontrol agents are safe and environmental friendly alternatives for pesticides in agriculture application. Trichoderma viride WEBL0703 performed a high level of antagonistic activity toward a broad spectrum of phyt...Biocontrol agents are safe and environmental friendly alternatives for pesticides in agriculture application. Trichoderma viride WEBL0703 performed a high level of antagonistic activity toward a broad spectrum of phytopathogens and was determined as a biocontrol agent, which was produced by solid state fermentation using grape marc and wine lees. The maximum yield of T. viride conidia was up to 6.65 × 10^9 CFU/g initial dry substrate （IDS） after 10 d fermentation. As important enzymes for protecting plants from disease, chitinase, β-glucanase, and pectinase yields were 47.8 U/g IDS, 8.32 U/g IDS and 9.83 U/g IDS, respectively. These results show that it is feasible to convert winery wastes to a value-added and environmental friendly biocontrol agent.展开更多
This paper reports the purification and characterization of kinetic parameters of cellulase produced from Trichoderma viride under still culture solid state fermentation technique using cheap and an easily available a...This paper reports the purification and characterization of kinetic parameters of cellulase produced from Trichoderma viride under still culture solid state fermentation technique using cheap and an easily available agricultural waste material, wheat straw as growth supported substrate. Trichoderma viride was cultured in fermentation medium of wheat straw under some previously optimized growth conditions and maximum activity of 398±2.43U/mL obtained after stipulated fermentation time period. Cellulase was purified 2.33 fold with specific activity of 105U/mg in comparison to crude enzyme extract using ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis and Sephadex-G-100 column chromatography. The enzyme was shown to have a relative low molecular weight of 58kDa by sodium dodecyl sulphate poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme displayed 6.5 and 55oC as an optimum pH and temperature respectively. Using carboxymethyl cellulose as substrate, the enzyme showed maximum activity (Vmax) of 148U/mL with its corresponding KM value of 68μM. Among activators/inhibitors SDS, EDTA, and Hg2+ showed inhibitory effect on purified cellulase whereas, the enzyme activated by Co2+ and Mn2+ at a concentration of 1mM. The purified cellulase was compatible with four local detergent brands with up to 20 days of shelf life at room temperature suggesting its potential as a detergent additive for improved washing therefore, it is concluded that it may be potentially useful for industrial purposes especially for detergent and laundry industry.展开更多
[Objectives] This study aimed to establish HPLC fingerprint and conduct cluster analysis and principle component analysis for Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride. [Methods] Using the HPLC method, the determination wa...[Objectives] This study aimed to establish HPLC fingerprint and conduct cluster analysis and principle component analysis for Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride. [Methods] Using the HPLC method, the determination was performed on XSelect~® HSS T3-C_(18) column with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.5% acetic acid solution(gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 360 nm. The column temperature was 25℃. The sample size was 10 μL. With peak of hesperidin as the reference, HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride were determined. The similarity of the 10 batches of samples was evaluated by Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM(2012 edition) to determine the common peaks. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed by using SPSS 17.0 statistical software. [Results] The HPLC fingerprints of the 10 batches of medicinal materials had total 11 common peaks, and the similarity was 0.919-1.000, indicating that the chemical composition of the 10 batches of medicinal materials was consistent. There were 11 common components in the 10 batches of medicinal materials, but their contents were different. When the Euclidean distance was 20, the 10 batches of samples were divided into two categories, S4 in the first category, and the others in the second one. When the Euclidean distance was 5, the second category could be further divided into two sub-categories, S1 and S10 in one sub-category, and S2, S3, S5, S6, S7, S8 and S9 in the other one. The principle component analysis showed that cumulative contribution rate of the two main component factors was 92.797%, and the comprehensive score of S7 was the highest with the best quality. [Conclusions] The results of HPLC fingerprinting, cluster analysis and principle component analysis can provide reference for the quality control of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride.展开更多
Ammonia（NH3） volatilization is one of the primary pathways of nitrogen（N） loss from soils after chemical fertilizer is applied, especially from the alkaline soils in Northern China, which results in lower efficien...Ammonia（NH3） volatilization is one of the primary pathways of nitrogen（N） loss from soils after chemical fertilizer is applied, especially from the alkaline soils in Northern China, which results in lower efficiency for chemical fertilizers. Therefore, we conducted an incubation experiment using an alkaline soil from Tianjin（p H 8.37–8.43） to evaluate the suppression effect of Trichoderma viride（T. viride） biofertilizer on NH3 volatilization, and compared the differences in microbial community structure among all samples. The results showed that viable T. viride biofertilizer（T） decreased NH3 volatilization by 42.21% compared with conventional fertilizer（（CK）, urea）, while nonviable T. viride biofertilizer（TS） decreased NH3 volatilization by 32.42%. NH3 volatilization was significantly higher in CK and sweet potato starch wastewater（SPSW） treatments during the peak period. T. viride biofertilizer also improved the transfer of ammonium from soil to sweet sorghum. Plant dry weights increased 91.23% and 61.08% for T and TS, respectively, compared to CK. Moreover, T. viride biofertilizer enhanced nitrification by increasing the abundance of ammonium-oxidizing archaea（AOA） and ammonium-oxidizing bacteria（AOB）. The results of high-throughput sequencing indicated that the microbial community structure and composition were significantly changed by the application of T. viride biofertilizer. This study demonstrated the immense potential of T. viride biofertilizer in reducing NH3 volatilization from alkaline soil and simultaneously improving the utilization of fertilizer N by sweet sorghum.展开更多
Two new tartrate derivative glucosides, coelovirin C (1) and D (2), were isolated from rhizomes of Coeloglossum viride ( L.) Hartm. var. bracteatum ( Willd.) Richter (Orchidaceae). Their structures were elucidated as ...Two new tartrate derivative glucosides, coelovirin C (1) and D (2), were isolated from rhizomes of Coeloglossum viride ( L.) Hartm. var. bracteatum ( Willd.) Richter (Orchidaceae). Their structures were elucidated as (2R, 3S)-2-b-D-glucopyranosyl-2-isobutyltartrate1-(4-b-D- glucopyranosyloxybenzyl) ester 1 and (2R, 3S)-2-b-D-glucopyranosyl-2-isobutyltartrate-4-(4-b-D- glucopyranosyloxybenzyl) ester 2 by means of chemical and spectroscopic methods.展开更多
Novel agroformulations for simultaneous delivery of chemical and biologically active agents to the plants were prepared by encapsulation of Trichoderma viride spores in calcium alginate microspheres.The impact of calc...Novel agroformulations for simultaneous delivery of chemical and biologically active agents to the plants were prepared by encapsulation of Trichoderma viride spores in calcium alginate microspheres.The impact of calcium ions concentration on the viability and sporulation of T.viride spores as well as on the microsphere important physicochemical properties were investigated.Intermolecular interactions in microspheres are complex including mainly hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions.T.viride germination inside matrix and germ tubes penetration out of microspheres revealed calcium alginate microspheres provide a supportive environment for T.viride growth.Differences in physicochemical properties and bioactive agents release behaviour from microspheres were ascribed to the changes in microsphere structure.Fitting to Korsmeyer-Peppas empirical model revealed the underlying T.viride release mechanism as anomalous transport kinetics(a combination of two diffusion mechanisms and the Type II transport(polymer swelling and relaxation of the polymeric matrix)).The increasing amount of T.viride spores in the surrounding medium is closely related to the release from microspheres and germination.The rate controlling mechanism of calcium release is Fickian diffusion.A decrease in the release rate with increasing calcium ion concentrations is in accordance with the calcium ions effect on the strength of the alginate network structure.T.viride germination inside microsphere diminished the amount of released calcium ions and slowed release kinetics in comparison with microspheres prepared without T.viride.The results indicated investigated agroformulations have a great potential to be used for plant protection and nutrition.展开更多
Two new isobutyltartrate monoesters, coelovirin A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the rhizomes of Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. var. bracteatum (Willd.) Richter (Orchidaceae). Their structures were elucidated as ...Two new isobutyltartrate monoesters, coelovirin A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the rhizomes of Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. var. bracteatum (Willd.) Richter (Orchidaceae). Their structures were elucidated as (2R, 3S)-2-isobutyltartrate1-(4-b-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl) ester 1 and (2R, 3S)-2-isobutyltartrate4-(4-b-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl) ester 2 on the basis of physical constants and spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR techniques.展开更多
In the present study, a co-culture technique was adopted with an aim to investigate a hyper production of exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase using cheap and easily available agro-industrial residue corn stover as growth...In the present study, a co-culture technique was adopted with an aim to investigate a hyper production of exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase using cheap and easily available agro-industrial residue corn stover as growth supporting substrate. Various physio-chemical and nutritional variables were optimized using classical and completely randomized designs for induced production of exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase from the co-culture of Trichoderma viride and Ganoderma lucidum in solid state fermentation (SSF). Analysis profile showed that when the conditions of the SSF medium containing 15 g corn stover substrate (50% w/w moisture) inoculated with 6 mL of inoculum were optimal, the maximum productions of exoglucanase (485 ± 6.5 U/mL) and β-glucosidase (255 ± 3.3 U/mL) were recorded after 5 days of incubation at pH 6 and 35°C.展开更多
In the present study, solid state fermentation was carried out using orange peel waste to produce β-glucosidase from Trichoderma viride. A locally isolated fungal strain T. viride was cultured in the solid state medi...In the present study, solid state fermentation was carried out using orange peel waste to produce β-glucosidase from Trichoderma viride. A locally isolated fungal strain T. viride was cultured in the solid state medium of orange peel (50% w/w moisture) under optimized fermentation conditions and maximum activity of 515 ± 12.4 U/mL was recorded after 4th day of incubation at pH 5.5 and 30℃. Indigenously produced β-glucosidase was subjected to the ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex-G-100 gel filtration chromatography. In comparison to the crude extract β-glucosidase was 5.1-fold purified with specific activity of 758 U/mg. The enzyme was shown to have a relative molecular weight of 62 kDa as evidenced by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified β-glucosidase displayed 6 and 60℃ as an optimum pH and temperature respectively.展开更多
In this study we describe a novel dark-green strain of Trichoderma viride exhibiting complete ensemble of cellulase, hemicellulase and ligninase activities on specific plate assays. To assess the cellulase production ...In this study we describe a novel dark-green strain of Trichoderma viride exhibiting complete ensemble of cellulase, hemicellulase and ligninase activities on specific plate assays. To assess the cellulase production in detail, basal salt medium (BSM) was fortified with synthetic (carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), glucose, sucrose, dextrose, lactose or maltose) and natural (flours of banana, banana peel, jack seed, potato or tapioca) carbon as well as nitrogen (yeast extract, beef extract, peptone, NaNO3 or NH4NO3) sources. Temperature and pH optima were 28°C and 4, respectively for the growth of the fungus in CMC-BSM with 137 U/mL cellulase activity, which was enhanced to 173 U/mL at 1.25% CMC concentration. Flours of potato and banana peel supported comparable yields of cellulase to that of CMC, while sodium nitrate was the preferred nitrogen source. The water soluble bluish-green pigment (a probable siderophore) extracted from the spores showed an absorption maximum at 292 nm. To sum up, the complete lignocellulolytic potential of this fungus offers great industrial significance, coupled with the production of a new pigment.展开更多
This study focuses on the peptaibiome produced by different species of Trichoderma belonging to clade Viride:T.koningii SZMC 28387(CBS 979.70),T.cf.strigosellum SZMC 28007(TUCIM 4886/IQ 191),T.cf.dorothopsis SZMC 2839...This study focuses on the peptaibiome produced by different species of Trichoderma belonging to clade Viride:T.koningii SZMC 28387(CBS 979.70),T.cf.strigosellum SZMC 28007(TUCIM 4886/IQ 191),T.cf.dorothopsis SZMC 28390(TUCIM 416/TUB F-597),T.cf.strigosellum SZMC 28391(TUCIM 423/DAOM 230018),T.atroviride SZMC 28748(IMI 206040),T.hamatum SZMC 28747(TUCIM 2730)and T.cf.dorothopsis SZMC 28005(TUCIM 4882/IQ 11).We were able to identify new compounds with similarity to already known groups of peptaibiotics,as well as completely newly discovered compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)-mass spectrometry(MS).From the 367 peptaibiotics identified,216 are peptaibols and 111 are lipopeptaibols.Out of all peptaibols,55 are previously known,while 161 are newly discovered.The new peptaibol subgroups Strigosellin A,B and Dorothopsin A,B are intro-duced.Furthermore,besides 38 previously known lipopeptaibols,73 new lipopeptaibol sequences,named Lipostrigo-sellins and Lipohamatins are also reported.In addition,41 peptaibol-like compounds with unusual C-terminus were also found.Out of the 7 strains examined,5 produced both peptaibols and lipopeptaibols,while 2 only peptaibols.The well-known compound,Trikoningin KA V(TRK-V)also produced by T.koningii SZMC 28387(CBS 979.70),was stud-ied for its folding dynamics using accelerated molecular dynamics simulations(aMD)for understanding the plausible three-dimensional structures adopted by these peptaibols of clade Viride.We observed a propensity to form kinked,right-handed helical structures when simulated in an aqueous environment.展开更多
Objective:To assess the antitumor activity of the novel chitinase produced by fermented,isolated Trichoderma viride in a hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)male rat model.Methods:Diethyl-nitrosamine induction combined with ...Objective:To assess the antitumor activity of the novel chitinase produced by fermented,isolated Trichoderma viride in a hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)male rat model.Methods:Diethyl-nitrosamine induction combined with ionizing radiation exposure was used to establish the HCC rat model.All rats were divided into 4 groups:the control group,the chitinase group,the HCC group,and the HCC+chitinase group.The antiproliferative effect of chitinase was evaluated in human HCC cells.The effect of chitinase in vivo on oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum stress chaperones,autophagy markers,PI3K/AKT/mTOR,AMPK pathway expression,and apoptotic indicators was determined and confirmed by histological examination.Results:Chitinase significantly inhibited the viabilities of HepG2 cells.Moreover,in the Wistar male rat model of HCC,chitinase decreased ATP levels,modulated endoplasmic reticulum stress,mediated autophagy factors,and promoted apoptosis.Conclusions:Chitinase might play a role in the apoptosis as well as autophagy pathways and may act as a potential tumor suppressor.展开更多
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium(CRP)and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride(CRPV)possess a rich medicinal heritage.While both belonging to the Rutaceae family,they exhibit distinct traditional Chinese medicinal propert...Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium(CRP)and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride(CRPV)possess a rich medicinal heritage.While both belonging to the Rutaceae family,they exhibit distinct traditional Chinese medicinal properties,chemical constituents,and pharmacological effects.This study utilizes UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS in conjunction with metabolic amalgamation and multivariate statistical analysis to elucidate the molecular disparities in chemical composition between CRP and CRPV.A comprehensive total of 367 compounds have been delineated,including 147 flavonoids,110 alkaloids,25 organic acids,21 coumarins,19 glycolides,17 hydroxyzable tannins,13 phenols,11 terpenoids,and 4 anisors.The majority of these constituents are documented here for the first time.The outcomes of non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed noteworthy disparities in chemical attributes between CRP and CRPV,particularly in flavonoids,phenols,glycosides,and terpenoids.Furthermore,variations in the relative compound content under diverse solvent extractions were elucidated.Notably,the extraction efficiency of the high-polarity solvent methanol surpasses that of the medium-polarity extractant ethyl acetate.The assessment of antioxidant activity revealed that the methanol extract of CRP exhibited an antioxidant capacity akin to that of the ascorbic acid.The extract sample was added to healthy human umbilical vein endothelial cells for cell viability testing,and no cytotoxic effect was observed.This investigation offers a novel vantage point for the thorough analysis and utilization of citrus peel across various stages of maturity.展开更多
Navel orange peel is a potential source of soluble dietary fiber.In order to make full use of this resource and improve its physiological activities,the effects of single and mixed strains fermentation modifications w...Navel orange peel is a potential source of soluble dietary fiber.In order to make full use of this resource and improve its physiological activities,the effects of single and mixed strains fermentation modifications were compared in this study.The structural,physicochemical,and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber fermented by Trichoderma viride and/or Aspergillus niger were investigated.The results showed that mixed fermentation resulted in significantly higher activity of complex cellulase than single fermentation.On the second day,when T.viride and A.niger were inoculated at a ratio of 3:1,the activities of carboxymethyl cellulase,β-glucosidase,and filter paper lyase were 1.54,1.61,and 1.30 times those of single fermentation.Mixed fermentation increased the yield of soluble dietary fiber from 6.63%to 15.73%.Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyses suggested that soluble dietary fiber produced by mixed fermentation had smaller particle size,lower crystallinity,and more disrupted structure.Moreover,the functional properties of soluble dietary fiber were remarkably improved.After mixed fermentation,the glucose and cholesterol adsorption amounts,andα-amylase inhibition activity increased by 1.51,1.63,and 1.76 times,respectively.In summary,mixed fermentation was an efficient and environmentally friendly modification method.Modified SDF can be utilized in the food processing industry,expanding the range of by-product applications.展开更多
基金Supported by Scientific and Technological Project in Shaanxi Province(2001K02-G7)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper aimed to study the control effects of live spore preparations of Trichoderma viride strains against vegetable grey mold in greenhouse. [Method] Trichoderma viride strains NW-411 live spore preparations were prepared by solid-state fermentation,106-107 spore/g diluent was made to conduct field control experiment,traits change of cucumber and tomato plants inoculated grey mold were investigated,control effect was calculated. [Result] Cucumber and tomato plants without dilution treatment of T. viride spores could be infected with different changes in trait. T. viride spore preparations had a significant preventive effect on greenhouse cucumber and tomato gray mold,the optimal concentration of spores was in the range of 2.3×10^6-2.3×10^7 spore/g. The incidence of cucumber and tomato plants were reduced to 4.2% and 3.1%,the incidence rate decreased 29.8% and 39.1% compared with plants without treatment,biological control effect was over 87%,and the plant growth can be enhanced obviously. [Conclusion] Live spores preparation of T. viride not only had a significant effect on grey mold,but also significantly enhanced the plants growth in greenhouse,which is a safety and environmental protection biological agent,and worthy to be widely spread in large-scale green vegetable production.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council International Linkage Fellowship(No.LX0560210)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30600082).
文摘Biocontrol agents are safe and environmental friendly alternatives for pesticides in agriculture application. Trichoderma viride WEBL0703 performed a high level of antagonistic activity toward a broad spectrum of phytopathogens and was determined as a biocontrol agent, which was produced by solid state fermentation using grape marc and wine lees. The maximum yield of T. viride conidia was up to 6.65 × 10^9 CFU/g initial dry substrate （IDS） after 10 d fermentation. As important enzymes for protecting plants from disease, chitinase, β-glucanase, and pectinase yields were 47.8 U/g IDS, 8.32 U/g IDS and 9.83 U/g IDS, respectively. These results show that it is feasible to convert winery wastes to a value-added and environmental friendly biocontrol agent.
文摘This paper reports the purification and characterization of kinetic parameters of cellulase produced from Trichoderma viride under still culture solid state fermentation technique using cheap and an easily available agricultural waste material, wheat straw as growth supported substrate. Trichoderma viride was cultured in fermentation medium of wheat straw under some previously optimized growth conditions and maximum activity of 398±2.43U/mL obtained after stipulated fermentation time period. Cellulase was purified 2.33 fold with specific activity of 105U/mg in comparison to crude enzyme extract using ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis and Sephadex-G-100 column chromatography. The enzyme was shown to have a relative low molecular weight of 58kDa by sodium dodecyl sulphate poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme displayed 6.5 and 55oC as an optimum pH and temperature respectively. Using carboxymethyl cellulose as substrate, the enzyme showed maximum activity (Vmax) of 148U/mL with its corresponding KM value of 68μM. Among activators/inhibitors SDS, EDTA, and Hg2+ showed inhibitory effect on purified cellulase whereas, the enzyme activated by Co2+ and Mn2+ at a concentration of 1mM. The purified cellulase was compatible with four local detergent brands with up to 20 days of shelf life at room temperature suggesting its potential as a detergent additive for improved washing therefore, it is concluded that it may be potentially useful for industrial purposes especially for detergent and laundry industry.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81603251)Key Research and Development Plan of Shanxi Province(201603D3113021)Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for the Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Medicinal Herbs in Shanxi Province(2017-JYXT-05)
文摘[Objectives] This study aimed to establish HPLC fingerprint and conduct cluster analysis and principle component analysis for Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride. [Methods] Using the HPLC method, the determination was performed on XSelect~® HSS T3-C_(18) column with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.5% acetic acid solution(gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 360 nm. The column temperature was 25℃. The sample size was 10 μL. With peak of hesperidin as the reference, HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride were determined. The similarity of the 10 batches of samples was evaluated by Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM(2012 edition) to determine the common peaks. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed by using SPSS 17.0 statistical software. [Results] The HPLC fingerprints of the 10 batches of medicinal materials had total 11 common peaks, and the similarity was 0.919-1.000, indicating that the chemical composition of the 10 batches of medicinal materials was consistent. There were 11 common components in the 10 batches of medicinal materials, but their contents were different. When the Euclidean distance was 20, the 10 batches of samples were divided into two categories, S4 in the first category, and the others in the second one. When the Euclidean distance was 5, the second category could be further divided into two sub-categories, S1 and S10 in one sub-category, and S2, S3, S5, S6, S7, S8 and S9 in the other one. The principle component analysis showed that cumulative contribution rate of the two main component factors was 92.797%, and the comprehensive score of S7 was the highest with the best quality. [Conclusions] The results of HPLC fingerprinting, cluster analysis and principle component analysis can provide reference for the quality control of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride.
基金supported by the National Science Fund Projects (Nos. 41371266 and 31670507)Innovation in Cross-functional Team Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 2015)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. ZDRW-ZS-2016-5)the Key State Science and Technology Program of China (No. 2015ZX07206-006)
文摘Ammonia（NH3） volatilization is one of the primary pathways of nitrogen（N） loss from soils after chemical fertilizer is applied, especially from the alkaline soils in Northern China, which results in lower efficiency for chemical fertilizers. Therefore, we conducted an incubation experiment using an alkaline soil from Tianjin（p H 8.37–8.43） to evaluate the suppression effect of Trichoderma viride（T. viride） biofertilizer on NH3 volatilization, and compared the differences in microbial community structure among all samples. The results showed that viable T. viride biofertilizer（T） decreased NH3 volatilization by 42.21% compared with conventional fertilizer（（CK）, urea）, while nonviable T. viride biofertilizer（TS） decreased NH3 volatilization by 32.42%. NH3 volatilization was significantly higher in CK and sweet potato starch wastewater（SPSW） treatments during the peak period. T. viride biofertilizer also improved the transfer of ammonium from soil to sweet sorghum. Plant dry weights increased 91.23% and 61.08% for T and TS, respectively, compared to CK. Moreover, T. viride biofertilizer enhanced nitrification by increasing the abundance of ammonium-oxidizing archaea（AOA） and ammonium-oxidizing bacteria（AOB）. The results of high-throughput sequencing indicated that the microbial community structure and composition were significantly changed by the application of T. viride biofertilizer. This study demonstrated the immense potential of T. viride biofertilizer in reducing NH3 volatilization from alkaline soil and simultaneously improving the utilization of fertilizer N by sweet sorghum.
文摘Two new tartrate derivative glucosides, coelovirin C (1) and D (2), were isolated from rhizomes of Coeloglossum viride ( L.) Hartm. var. bracteatum ( Willd.) Richter (Orchidaceae). Their structures were elucidated as (2R, 3S)-2-b-D-glucopyranosyl-2-isobutyltartrate1-(4-b-D- glucopyranosyloxybenzyl) ester 1 and (2R, 3S)-2-b-D-glucopyranosyl-2-isobutyltartrate-4-(4-b-D- glucopyranosyloxybenzyl) ester 2 by means of chemical and spectroscopic methods.
基金funded by the Croatian Science Foundation,Croatia(UIP-2014-501 09-6462)
文摘Novel agroformulations for simultaneous delivery of chemical and biologically active agents to the plants were prepared by encapsulation of Trichoderma viride spores in calcium alginate microspheres.The impact of calcium ions concentration on the viability and sporulation of T.viride spores as well as on the microsphere important physicochemical properties were investigated.Intermolecular interactions in microspheres are complex including mainly hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions.T.viride germination inside matrix and germ tubes penetration out of microspheres revealed calcium alginate microspheres provide a supportive environment for T.viride growth.Differences in physicochemical properties and bioactive agents release behaviour from microspheres were ascribed to the changes in microsphere structure.Fitting to Korsmeyer-Peppas empirical model revealed the underlying T.viride release mechanism as anomalous transport kinetics(a combination of two diffusion mechanisms and the Type II transport(polymer swelling and relaxation of the polymeric matrix)).The increasing amount of T.viride spores in the surrounding medium is closely related to the release from microspheres and germination.The rate controlling mechanism of calcium release is Fickian diffusion.A decrease in the release rate with increasing calcium ion concentrations is in accordance with the calcium ions effect on the strength of the alginate network structure.T.viride germination inside microsphere diminished the amount of released calcium ions and slowed release kinetics in comparison with microspheres prepared without T.viride.The results indicated investigated agroformulations have a great potential to be used for plant protection and nutrition.
文摘Two new isobutyltartrate monoesters, coelovirin A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the rhizomes of Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. var. bracteatum (Willd.) Richter (Orchidaceae). Their structures were elucidated as (2R, 3S)-2-isobutyltartrate1-(4-b-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl) ester 1 and (2R, 3S)-2-isobutyltartrate4-(4-b-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl) ester 2 on the basis of physical constants and spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR techniques.
文摘In the present study, a co-culture technique was adopted with an aim to investigate a hyper production of exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase using cheap and easily available agro-industrial residue corn stover as growth supporting substrate. Various physio-chemical and nutritional variables were optimized using classical and completely randomized designs for induced production of exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase from the co-culture of Trichoderma viride and Ganoderma lucidum in solid state fermentation (SSF). Analysis profile showed that when the conditions of the SSF medium containing 15 g corn stover substrate (50% w/w moisture) inoculated with 6 mL of inoculum were optimal, the maximum productions of exoglucanase (485 ± 6.5 U/mL) and β-glucosidase (255 ± 3.3 U/mL) were recorded after 5 days of incubation at pH 6 and 35°C.
文摘In the present study, solid state fermentation was carried out using orange peel waste to produce β-glucosidase from Trichoderma viride. A locally isolated fungal strain T. viride was cultured in the solid state medium of orange peel (50% w/w moisture) under optimized fermentation conditions and maximum activity of 515 ± 12.4 U/mL was recorded after 4th day of incubation at pH 5.5 and 30℃. Indigenously produced β-glucosidase was subjected to the ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex-G-100 gel filtration chromatography. In comparison to the crude extract β-glucosidase was 5.1-fold purified with specific activity of 758 U/mg. The enzyme was shown to have a relative molecular weight of 62 kDa as evidenced by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified β-glucosidase displayed 6 and 60℃ as an optimum pH and temperature respectively.
文摘In this study we describe a novel dark-green strain of Trichoderma viride exhibiting complete ensemble of cellulase, hemicellulase and ligninase activities on specific plate assays. To assess the cellulase production in detail, basal salt medium (BSM) was fortified with synthetic (carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), glucose, sucrose, dextrose, lactose or maltose) and natural (flours of banana, banana peel, jack seed, potato or tapioca) carbon as well as nitrogen (yeast extract, beef extract, peptone, NaNO3 or NH4NO3) sources. Temperature and pH optima were 28°C and 4, respectively for the growth of the fungus in CMC-BSM with 137 U/mL cellulase activity, which was enhanced to 173 U/mL at 1.25% CMC concentration. Flours of potato and banana peel supported comparable yields of cellulase to that of CMC, while sodium nitrate was the preferred nitrogen source. The water soluble bluish-green pigment (a probable siderophore) extracted from the spores showed an absorption maximum at 292 nm. To sum up, the complete lignocellulolytic potential of this fungus offers great industrial significance, coupled with the production of a new pigment.
基金T.M.and D.B.was supported by the Sholarship Program of the Ministry of Culture and Innovation,Financed from the National Research,Development and Innovation Fund(EKÖP-24-4SZTE-629,EKÖP-24-4-SZTE-605,respectively)C.T.is supported by the short-term KGYNK-2024 grant from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences(HAS)S.K.,C.V.and T.P.were supported by the grants HUN-REN 2001007 and TKP2021-EGA-28.
文摘This study focuses on the peptaibiome produced by different species of Trichoderma belonging to clade Viride:T.koningii SZMC 28387(CBS 979.70),T.cf.strigosellum SZMC 28007(TUCIM 4886/IQ 191),T.cf.dorothopsis SZMC 28390(TUCIM 416/TUB F-597),T.cf.strigosellum SZMC 28391(TUCIM 423/DAOM 230018),T.atroviride SZMC 28748(IMI 206040),T.hamatum SZMC 28747(TUCIM 2730)and T.cf.dorothopsis SZMC 28005(TUCIM 4882/IQ 11).We were able to identify new compounds with similarity to already known groups of peptaibiotics,as well as completely newly discovered compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)-mass spectrometry(MS).From the 367 peptaibiotics identified,216 are peptaibols and 111 are lipopeptaibols.Out of all peptaibols,55 are previously known,while 161 are newly discovered.The new peptaibol subgroups Strigosellin A,B and Dorothopsin A,B are intro-duced.Furthermore,besides 38 previously known lipopeptaibols,73 new lipopeptaibol sequences,named Lipostrigo-sellins and Lipohamatins are also reported.In addition,41 peptaibol-like compounds with unusual C-terminus were also found.Out of the 7 strains examined,5 produced both peptaibols and lipopeptaibols,while 2 only peptaibols.The well-known compound,Trikoningin KA V(TRK-V)also produced by T.koningii SZMC 28387(CBS 979.70),was stud-ied for its folding dynamics using accelerated molecular dynamics simulations(aMD)for understanding the plausible three-dimensional structures adopted by these peptaibols of clade Viride.We observed a propensity to form kinked,right-handed helical structures when simulated in an aqueous environment.
文摘Objective:To assess the antitumor activity of the novel chitinase produced by fermented,isolated Trichoderma viride in a hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)male rat model.Methods:Diethyl-nitrosamine induction combined with ionizing radiation exposure was used to establish the HCC rat model.All rats were divided into 4 groups:the control group,the chitinase group,the HCC group,and the HCC+chitinase group.The antiproliferative effect of chitinase was evaluated in human HCC cells.The effect of chitinase in vivo on oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum stress chaperones,autophagy markers,PI3K/AKT/mTOR,AMPK pathway expression,and apoptotic indicators was determined and confirmed by histological examination.Results:Chitinase significantly inhibited the viabilities of HepG2 cells.Moreover,in the Wistar male rat model of HCC,chitinase decreased ATP levels,modulated endoplasmic reticulum stress,mediated autophagy factors,and promoted apoptosis.Conclusions:Chitinase might play a role in the apoptosis as well as autophagy pathways and may act as a potential tumor suppressor.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51908458)Natural Science Foundation of Shannxi Province,China(2020JQ-036)+1 种基金Key projects of Shannxi Province,China(2021GXLH-Z-070)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(xzy022022004).
文摘Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium(CRP)and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride(CRPV)possess a rich medicinal heritage.While both belonging to the Rutaceae family,they exhibit distinct traditional Chinese medicinal properties,chemical constituents,and pharmacological effects.This study utilizes UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS in conjunction with metabolic amalgamation and multivariate statistical analysis to elucidate the molecular disparities in chemical composition between CRP and CRPV.A comprehensive total of 367 compounds have been delineated,including 147 flavonoids,110 alkaloids,25 organic acids,21 coumarins,19 glycolides,17 hydroxyzable tannins,13 phenols,11 terpenoids,and 4 anisors.The majority of these constituents are documented here for the first time.The outcomes of non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed noteworthy disparities in chemical attributes between CRP and CRPV,particularly in flavonoids,phenols,glycosides,and terpenoids.Furthermore,variations in the relative compound content under diverse solvent extractions were elucidated.Notably,the extraction efficiency of the high-polarity solvent methanol surpasses that of the medium-polarity extractant ethyl acetate.The assessment of antioxidant activity revealed that the methanol extract of CRP exhibited an antioxidant capacity akin to that of the ascorbic acid.The extract sample was added to healthy human umbilical vein endothelial cells for cell viability testing,and no cytotoxic effect was observed.This investigation offers a novel vantage point for the thorough analysis and utilization of citrus peel across various stages of maturity.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-26-07B)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662020SPPY011)+1 种基金Major Special Projects and Key R&D Projects in Yunnan Province(202102AE090054)Hubei Province Major Science and Technology Special Project:Research and Demonstration of Key Technologies for Processing Quick Frozen Citrus Products(2022BBA0030).
文摘Navel orange peel is a potential source of soluble dietary fiber.In order to make full use of this resource and improve its physiological activities,the effects of single and mixed strains fermentation modifications were compared in this study.The structural,physicochemical,and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber fermented by Trichoderma viride and/or Aspergillus niger were investigated.The results showed that mixed fermentation resulted in significantly higher activity of complex cellulase than single fermentation.On the second day,when T.viride and A.niger were inoculated at a ratio of 3:1,the activities of carboxymethyl cellulase,β-glucosidase,and filter paper lyase were 1.54,1.61,and 1.30 times those of single fermentation.Mixed fermentation increased the yield of soluble dietary fiber from 6.63%to 15.73%.Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyses suggested that soluble dietary fiber produced by mixed fermentation had smaller particle size,lower crystallinity,and more disrupted structure.Moreover,the functional properties of soluble dietary fiber were remarkably improved.After mixed fermentation,the glucose and cholesterol adsorption amounts,andα-amylase inhibition activity increased by 1.51,1.63,and 1.76 times,respectively.In summary,mixed fermentation was an efficient and environmentally friendly modification method.Modified SDF can be utilized in the food processing industry,expanding the range of by-product applications.
