AIM: To investigate serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in relation to the clinical,biochemical,ultrasonographic and histological characteristics of patients with hepatitis C virus. METHODS: Duration of diseas...AIM: To investigate serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in relation to the clinical,biochemical,ultrasonographic and histological characteristics of patients with hepatitis C virus. METHODS: Duration of disease,HCV-RNA,liver steatosis,and the hepatitis activity index (HAI) were correlated with serum ALT in 36 patients with HCV. ALT values were also investigated in 16 control subjects without any liver diseases. RESULTS: In bivariate analyses,ALT levels correlated with duration of HCV infection (P < 0.01),HCV-RNA (P < 0.05),and the HAI (P < 0.01). Among the components of the HAI,ALT concentrations were significantly associated with periportal bridging/necrosis (P < 0.01) and fibrosis (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis,periportal bridging/ necrosis (β = 0.508; P < 0.01),duration of HCV infection (β = 0.413; P < 0.01),and HCV-RNA (β = 0.253; P < 0.05) were independently associated with ALT activity. The normal ALT activity for men and women was < 23 IU/L and < 22 IU/L,respectively. CONCLUSION: In patients with HCV,alterations in the liver tissue as reflected by ALT elevation are mainly associated with periportal bridging/necrosis,viral load and duration of disease. A cut-off value < 23 IU/L distinguished with high diagnostic accuracy healthy controls from patients with HCV.展开更多
目的:探讨4条登革病毒抗原肽在不同遗传背景小鼠中的免疫原性。方法:4条登革病毒抗原肽(C45-57KLV-MAFIAFLRFL,E396-408SSIGKMFEATARG,NS323-35YRILQRGLLGRSQ和NS3141-155NREGKIVGLYGNGVV)中每条肽分别免疫BALB/c小鼠和C57BL/6小鼠;3周...目的:探讨4条登革病毒抗原肽在不同遗传背景小鼠中的免疫原性。方法:4条登革病毒抗原肽(C45-57KLV-MAFIAFLRFL,E396-408SSIGKMFEATARG,NS323-35YRILQRGLLGRSQ和NS3141-155NREGKIVGLYGNGVV)中每条肽分别免疫BALB/c小鼠和C57BL/6小鼠;3周后,处死小鼠并制备脾细胞悬液;不刺激或同样抗原肽刺激脾细胞后,采用细胞内细胞因子染色流式细胞术(ICS)检测小鼠脾细胞CD4+ T细胞中肽特异性产生IFN-γ或IL-4的CD4+ T细胞的百分比。结果:肽C45-57可诱导BALB/c小鼠产生特异性的IFN-γ+ CD4+ T细胞(0.72%±0.04% vs 0.04%±0.02%,P<0.05)而肽E396-408则诱导产生特异性的IL-4+ CD4+ T细胞(0.09%±0.01%vs0.01%±0.01%,P<0.05);肽E396-408、NS323-35和NS3141-155均可诱导C57BL/6小鼠产生特异性的IFN-γ+ CD4+ T细胞(分别为0.31%±0.03%vs0.02%±0.01%,P<0.05;0.21%±0.03% vs 0.04%±0.01%,P<0.05;0.44%±0.04% vs 0.02%±0.01%,P<0.05),而肽C45-57可诱导产生特异性的IL-4+ CD4+ T细胞(0.45%±0.05% vs 0.02%±0.02%,P<0.05)。结论:肽C45-57和E396-408在BALB/c小鼠中具有免疫原性而肽C45-57、E396-408、NS323-35和NS3141-155在C57BL/6小鼠中具有免疫原性。展开更多
Agrobacterium species are routinely employed for plant genetic modification due to the relatively simple procedures, cost-competitiveness, low copy num- ber, independence to vector DNAs, and targeted integration into ...Agrobacterium species are routinely employed for plant genetic modification due to the relatively simple procedures, cost-competitiveness, low copy num- ber, independence to vector DNAs, and targeted integration into transcriptionally active regions of plant chromosomes with defined T-DNA. However, to date, there are still a great number of plant species reluctant to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Evidence suggests that the infection capability of Agrobacterium is deter- mined by virulence （vir） genes of Ti plasmid outside ofA. tumefaciens chromosome. Among all v/r genes, virA and virG are constitutively expressed, while the ex- pression of other vir genes is induced by phenolic compounds. In addition, carbohydrates can enhance vir induction mediated by phenolic compounds, while low phosphate and acidic pH conditions may also enhance the induction of vir genes. To improve Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiency for potential applica- tions in research and industry, molecular mechanisms of vir induction by factors such as phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, low phosphate, acidic pH and incuba- tion temperature are discussed in this review.展开更多
文摘AIM: To investigate serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in relation to the clinical,biochemical,ultrasonographic and histological characteristics of patients with hepatitis C virus. METHODS: Duration of disease,HCV-RNA,liver steatosis,and the hepatitis activity index (HAI) were correlated with serum ALT in 36 patients with HCV. ALT values were also investigated in 16 control subjects without any liver diseases. RESULTS: In bivariate analyses,ALT levels correlated with duration of HCV infection (P < 0.01),HCV-RNA (P < 0.05),and the HAI (P < 0.01). Among the components of the HAI,ALT concentrations were significantly associated with periportal bridging/necrosis (P < 0.01) and fibrosis (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis,periportal bridging/ necrosis (β = 0.508; P < 0.01),duration of HCV infection (β = 0.413; P < 0.01),and HCV-RNA (β = 0.253; P < 0.05) were independently associated with ALT activity. The normal ALT activity for men and women was < 23 IU/L and < 22 IU/L,respectively. CONCLUSION: In patients with HCV,alterations in the liver tissue as reflected by ALT elevation are mainly associated with periportal bridging/necrosis,viral load and duration of disease. A cut-off value < 23 IU/L distinguished with high diagnostic accuracy healthy controls from patients with HCV.
文摘目的:探讨4条登革病毒抗原肽在不同遗传背景小鼠中的免疫原性。方法:4条登革病毒抗原肽(C45-57KLV-MAFIAFLRFL,E396-408SSIGKMFEATARG,NS323-35YRILQRGLLGRSQ和NS3141-155NREGKIVGLYGNGVV)中每条肽分别免疫BALB/c小鼠和C57BL/6小鼠;3周后,处死小鼠并制备脾细胞悬液;不刺激或同样抗原肽刺激脾细胞后,采用细胞内细胞因子染色流式细胞术(ICS)检测小鼠脾细胞CD4+ T细胞中肽特异性产生IFN-γ或IL-4的CD4+ T细胞的百分比。结果:肽C45-57可诱导BALB/c小鼠产生特异性的IFN-γ+ CD4+ T细胞(0.72%±0.04% vs 0.04%±0.02%,P<0.05)而肽E396-408则诱导产生特异性的IL-4+ CD4+ T细胞(0.09%±0.01%vs0.01%±0.01%,P<0.05);肽E396-408、NS323-35和NS3141-155均可诱导C57BL/6小鼠产生特异性的IFN-γ+ CD4+ T细胞(分别为0.31%±0.03%vs0.02%±0.01%,P<0.05;0.21%±0.03% vs 0.04%±0.01%,P<0.05;0.44%±0.04% vs 0.02%±0.01%,P<0.05),而肽C45-57可诱导产生特异性的IL-4+ CD4+ T细胞(0.45%±0.05% vs 0.02%±0.02%,P<0.05)。结论:肽C45-57和E396-408在BALB/c小鼠中具有免疫原性而肽C45-57、E396-408、NS323-35和NS3141-155在C57BL/6小鼠中具有免疫原性。
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Rubber Research Institute,CATAS (grant no.1630022011014)Key Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province(90107 )Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(312026)
文摘Agrobacterium species are routinely employed for plant genetic modification due to the relatively simple procedures, cost-competitiveness, low copy num- ber, independence to vector DNAs, and targeted integration into transcriptionally active regions of plant chromosomes with defined T-DNA. However, to date, there are still a great number of plant species reluctant to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Evidence suggests that the infection capability of Agrobacterium is deter- mined by virulence （vir） genes of Ti plasmid outside ofA. tumefaciens chromosome. Among all v/r genes, virA and virG are constitutively expressed, while the ex- pression of other vir genes is induced by phenolic compounds. In addition, carbohydrates can enhance vir induction mediated by phenolic compounds, while low phosphate and acidic pH conditions may also enhance the induction of vir genes. To improve Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiency for potential applica- tions in research and industry, molecular mechanisms of vir induction by factors such as phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, low phosphate, acidic pH and incuba- tion temperature are discussed in this review.
