[Objectives]To obtain a novel cultivar of Chuanminshen violaceum with robust growth,high yield,and stable genetic traits.[Methods]A systematic selection method was employed to conduct a multi-point testing and regiona...[Objectives]To obtain a novel cultivar of Chuanminshen violaceum with robust growth,high yield,and stable genetic traits.[Methods]A systematic selection method was employed to conduct a multi-point testing and regional production trial utilizing C.violaceum strain CMS1,which was sourced from a semi-wild population in Langzhong,Sichuan Province,as the experimental material.In contrast,C.violaceum CMS2,derived from a cultivated population in Langzhong,Sichuan Province,along with a mixed population of C.violaceum cultispecies from the same region,served as the control material.Through a comparative analysis of phenological periods,agronomic traits,yield,and quality,a novel cultivar,‘Chengming No.1’,was ultimately selected and developed based on its superior comprehensive evaluation.[Results]In the phenological period survey conducted as part of a two-year comparative study,the CMS1 strain exhibited a shorter growth cycle compared to others.Furthermore,the agronomic characteristics of the CMS1 strain were superior to those of both CMS2 and CK.The average yields of CMS1,CMS2,and CK in the 2019 cultivar comparison test and yield trial were 468.88,448.52,and 422.15 kg/667 m 2,respectively.This resulted in an average yield increase of 11.07%for CMS1 compared to CK and 6.25%for CMS2 compared to CK.The average yields of CMS1,CMS2,and CK in the 2020 cultivar comparison test and yield trial were 482.69,467.54,and 436.82 kg/667 m 2,respectively.CMS1 exhibited an average yield increase of 10.50%compared to CK,while CMS2 demonstrated an average yield increase of 7.03%relative to CK.Furthermore,the average yield of CMS1 per 667 m 2 achieved a statistically significant level compared to CK in both years of the study.In multiple-point comparison and yield trials conducted in 2019 and 2020,the CMS1 strain exhibited a total ash content of 15.30%,an acid-insoluble ash content of 1.30%,a moisture content of 10.80%,and water-soluble extract amounting to 11.40%.All of the indicators conformed to the criteria established by the Sichuan Standards for Chinese Medicinal Materials(2010 Edition).[Conclusions]The CMS1 strain successfully passed the field technical appraisal for the novel cultivar of C.violaceum in 2021.This cultivar is characterized by high yield,excellent quality,and stable traits.In 2022,it received validation from the Sichuan Provincial Committee for the Certification of Non-Staple Crop Varieties and was officially named‘Chengming No.1’(CRY 2022002).This cultivar demonstrates significant potential for widespread cultivation.展开更多
Romipeptides A and B(1 and 2),two new romidepsin derivatives,and three known compounds,chromopeptide A(3),romidepsin(4)and valine-leucine dipeptide(5)were isolated from the fermentation broth of Chromobacterium violac...Romipeptides A and B(1 and 2),two new romidepsin derivatives,and three known compounds,chromopeptide A(3),romidepsin(4)and valine-leucine dipeptide(5)were isolated from the fermentation broth of Chromobacterium violaceum No.968.Their structures were elucidated by interpretation of their UV,HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectra.The absolute configuration of compound 1 and 2 were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.Compounds 1–5 were evaluated for their anti-proliferative activities against three human cancer cell lines,SW620,HL60,and A549.The results showed most of these compounds exhibited antitumor activities in vitro,in which compound 2 displayed potent cytotoxicity to SW620,HL60 and A549 cell lines,with IC_(50) of 12.5,6.7 and 5.7 nmol·L^(–1),respectively.展开更多
Chromobacterium violaceum is a gram-negative bacterium, which has been used widely in microbiology labs involved in quorum sensing(QS) research. Among the QS-regulated traits of this bacterium, violacein production ha...Chromobacterium violaceum is a gram-negative bacterium, which has been used widely in microbiology labs involved in quorum sensing(QS) research. Among the QS-regulated traits of this bacterium, violacein production has received the maximum attention. Violacein production in this organism, however is not under sole control of QS machinery, and other QSregulated traits of this bacterium also need to be investigated in better detail. Though not often involved in human infections, this bacterium is being viewed as an emerging pathogen. This review attempts to highlight the recent research advances on Chromobacterium violaceum, with respect to violacein biosynthesis, development of various applications of this bacterium and its bioactive metabolite violacein, and its pathogenicity.展开更多
Piericidin A1, 3’-rhamnopiericidin A1, and a novel compound piericidin E, a new quorum-sensing (QS) inhibitor against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, were isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. QS is we...Piericidin A1, 3’-rhamnopiericidin A1, and a novel compound piericidin E, a new quorum-sensing (QS) inhibitor against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, were isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. QS is well known as a microbial signaling system and controls certain types of gene expression resulting in bioluminescence, biofilm formation, swarming motility, antibiotic biosynthesis, and virulence factor production. C. violaceum CV026 is commonly used to determine qualitative and quantitative QS activity. The structures of piericidin derivatives were characterized, and their QS activities were determined.展开更多
Background: Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative, a facultative anaerobe bacteria producing violacein pigment. C. violaceum is generally present as the normal flora of water and soil. The Urine Tract Infection...Background: Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative, a facultative anaerobe bacteria producing violacein pigment. C. violaceum is generally present as the normal flora of water and soil. The Urine Tract Infection (UTI) due to C. violaceum is very rare. Until now there was no report from Africa about UTIs caused by C. violaceum. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of C. violaceum is very limited due to the rarity of isolation from clinical specimens. Here, we describe the first case of urinary tract infection caused by C. violaceum in Angola. Aim: Our case report was carried out to assess the sensitivity and resistance pattern of C. violaceum as the causative agent of UTI. Results: C. violaceum was sensitive to Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Ceftriaxon, Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole, Piperacilin/Tazobactam, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Aztreonam and imipenem. The bacteria showed resistance to Cefuroxime. Conclusion: Here, we report a rare case of complicate urinary tract infection caused by C. violaceum in patient, who was treated successfully with ciprofloxacin for a total duration of 7 days.展开更多
Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram negative, facultative anaerobe, generally present in water, soil in tropical and subtropical regions. This bacterium is an emerging environmental pathogen that causes life threateni...Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram negative, facultative anaerobe, generally present in water, soil in tropical and subtropical regions. This bacterium is an emerging environmental pathogen that causes life threatening infection in humans and animals. It can cause wound infection, visceral abscess, septicaemia, meningitis, diarrhoea, UTI. It is associated with significant mortality due to severe systemic infection. As the bacteria have high spreading tendency leading to sepsis, early identification and prompt treatment is necessary. Here we report a case of Chromobacterium violaceum wound infection in a 9 years old male from Dhaka, who was successfully treated with combination of cefixime and flucloxacillin antibiotics as per culture sensitivity report.展开更多
Objectives:The purpose of this paper was to construct a reliable methodology to discriminate the geographical origins of Chuanminshen violaceum Sheh et Shan planted in different regions in Sichuan,China.Materials and ...Objectives:The purpose of this paper was to construct a reliable methodology to discriminate the geographical origins of Chuanminshen violaceum Sheh et Shan planted in different regions in Sichuan,China.Materials and methods:Fatty acid profiles of roots and leaves of C.violaceum planted in various regions of Sichuan Province in China,namely Guangyuan(GY),Langzhong(LZ),Jintang(JT),Bazhong(BZ),and Shuangling(SL),were determined using GC-MS followed by multivariate statistical analyses,including orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis.Results:Leaves of C.violaceum showed the highest contents of hexadecatrienoic acid(3.21 g/kg),linoleic acid(6.62 g/kg),andα-linolenic acid(7.24 g/kg),which were all higher than those contained in roots.Chuanminshen violaceum samples collected from LZ,JT,and GY could be clearly distinguished based on fatty acid profiles of leaves and those collected from LZ,GY,and BZ could be clearly distinguished based on fatty acid profiles of roots.Conclusions:Chemometric method is used as a potential approach for analyses of fatty acid profiles of roots and leaves to control the quality of C.violaceum and their powered products.展开更多
In this study,we used accelerated solvent extraction(ASE)to extract flavonoids and anthocyanins from dried red onion peels,producing red onion peel extract(ROPE).High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of ROPE...In this study,we used accelerated solvent extraction(ASE)to extract flavonoids and anthocyanins from dried red onion peels,producing red onion peel extract(ROPE).High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of ROPE obtained using ASE identified important flavonols and anthocyanins.Total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents measured from ROPE were 459.15 mg/g±16.45(DW)and 33.14 mg/g±0.99(DW),respectively.ROPE antimicrobial activity against L.monocytogenes showed strain-specific effects,where the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)for V7 was two-fold greater than for EGD and Scott A(i.e.,25.82 vs.12.91 mg quercetin-3,4′-diglucoside equivalents/gram[mg QdGE/g]ROPE).ROPE significantly inhibited(P<0.05)biofilm formation by all three strains at sub-inhibitory concentrations(0.40-6.45 mg QdGE/g)in a concentration-dependent manner.Pre-formed biofilms of mixed L.monocytogenes strains on stainless steel were inactivated after 48 h at 22℃ only with higher concentrations of ROPE(25.82-56.63 mg QdGE/g).Sub-inhibitory concentrations of ROPE also inhibited L.monocytogenes motility and suppressed violacein pigment production in Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472,suggesting that ROPE inhibited quorum sensing.Therefore,our data indicate that red onion peel waste has potential as a source of natural antibacterial compounds as an approach to food safety in the circular economy.展开更多
Introduction Tinea capitis is defined as an infection of hair follicles on scalp and surrounding skin,and commonly caused by dermatophyte fungi[1].Tinea capitis remains a significant global public health concern in ur...Introduction Tinea capitis is defined as an infection of hair follicles on scalp and surrounding skin,and commonly caused by dermatophyte fungi[1].Tinea capitis remains a significant global public health concern in urban areas,and usually infects children aged from 3 to 7 years,but rarely affect adults and infants[2].The genera Microsporum and Trichophyton are the predominant pathogens of this disease[1].In Europe and other developed countries,the incidence of tinea capitis has substantially increased recently[1].According to a retrospective study[3],Microsporum canis (M.Canis)has been remaining the dominant pathogen for tinea capitis among children in China between 2000 and 2010.However,the anthropophilic dermatophyte species-Trichophyton violaceum (T.violaceum) was prevalent in the eastern China and therefore kerion celsi ranked as the second frequent agent of tinea capitis (12.73% in 7,684 cases)[3] Now,we report a case of kerion celsi caused by T.violaceum and retrospectively analyze kerion celsi reported in China from 2011 to 2018.展开更多
Violacein,a therapeutic pigment synthesised naturally in specific bacterial systems,is commercially unexplored owing to low titers.The current study aimed to formulate a suitable medium and to develop a fed-batch stra...Violacein,a therapeutic pigment synthesised naturally in specific bacterial systems,is commercially unexplored owing to low titers.The current study aimed to formulate a suitable medium and to develop a fed-batch strategy for improving the violacein productivity in a natural producer-Chromobacterium violaceum MTCC2656.The carbon and the nitrogen sources were extensively screened and their levels were optimised for maximal violacein production.The micronutrients in the medium were subjected to a two-level statistical optimisation using design of experiment approach and the final media formulation was validated.As a fed-batch approach,a combination of pulse feeding of glucose and tryptophan with optimised broth harvest of 60%(v/v)was attempted that achieved a titer of 1046±16 mg/L with productivity of 26.12±0.64 mg/L/h in each progressive cycle of fed-batch.The strategic sequential step of media formulation and fed-batch fermentation improved the violacein titer by~5 folds.Kinetic modelling was used to understand the enhancement in fermentation performance in both the batch and fed-batch processes.The findings from the current study would enable to understand and correlate the patterns of substrate uptake and violacein formation to establish strategies for enhancing overall productivity in the fermentation processes.展开更多
Eight compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Chuanminshen violaceum Sheh et Shan. Seven of them were elucidated as 4 hydroxymethyl 5 methoxycarbonylethyl 6 methoxy benzofuran 7 O β D glucoside(1), 6 methoxy...Eight compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Chuanminshen violaceum Sheh et Shan. Seven of them were elucidated as 4 hydroxymethyl 5 methoxycarbonylethyl 6 methoxy benzofuran 7 O β D glucoside(1), 6 methoxymellein(2), isopimpinellin(3), byakangelicin(4), oxypeucedanin hydrate(5), rutaretin(6) and rutin(7) by spectral evidence. Compound 1 is a novel 4,5,6,7 tetrasubstituted benzofuran compound isolated from natural origins and named chuanminshenoside.展开更多
基金Supported by Sichuan Innovation Team Project of China Agricultural Industry Research System(SCCXTD-2023-19)Key R&D Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2022YFS0592)Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Seedling Project(MZGC20230119,MZGC20230126).
文摘[Objectives]To obtain a novel cultivar of Chuanminshen violaceum with robust growth,high yield,and stable genetic traits.[Methods]A systematic selection method was employed to conduct a multi-point testing and regional production trial utilizing C.violaceum strain CMS1,which was sourced from a semi-wild population in Langzhong,Sichuan Province,as the experimental material.In contrast,C.violaceum CMS2,derived from a cultivated population in Langzhong,Sichuan Province,along with a mixed population of C.violaceum cultispecies from the same region,served as the control material.Through a comparative analysis of phenological periods,agronomic traits,yield,and quality,a novel cultivar,‘Chengming No.1’,was ultimately selected and developed based on its superior comprehensive evaluation.[Results]In the phenological period survey conducted as part of a two-year comparative study,the CMS1 strain exhibited a shorter growth cycle compared to others.Furthermore,the agronomic characteristics of the CMS1 strain were superior to those of both CMS2 and CK.The average yields of CMS1,CMS2,and CK in the 2019 cultivar comparison test and yield trial were 468.88,448.52,and 422.15 kg/667 m 2,respectively.This resulted in an average yield increase of 11.07%for CMS1 compared to CK and 6.25%for CMS2 compared to CK.The average yields of CMS1,CMS2,and CK in the 2020 cultivar comparison test and yield trial were 482.69,467.54,and 436.82 kg/667 m 2,respectively.CMS1 exhibited an average yield increase of 10.50%compared to CK,while CMS2 demonstrated an average yield increase of 7.03%relative to CK.Furthermore,the average yield of CMS1 per 667 m 2 achieved a statistically significant level compared to CK in both years of the study.In multiple-point comparison and yield trials conducted in 2019 and 2020,the CMS1 strain exhibited a total ash content of 15.30%,an acid-insoluble ash content of 1.30%,a moisture content of 10.80%,and water-soluble extract amounting to 11.40%.All of the indicators conformed to the criteria established by the Sichuan Standards for Chinese Medicinal Materials(2010 Edition).[Conclusions]The CMS1 strain successfully passed the field technical appraisal for the novel cultivar of C.violaceum in 2021.This cultivar is characterized by high yield,excellent quality,and stable traits.In 2022,it received validation from the Sichuan Provincial Committee for the Certification of Non-Staple Crop Varieties and was officially named‘Chengming No.1’(CRY 2022002).This cultivar demonstrates significant potential for widespread cultivation.
文摘Romipeptides A and B(1 and 2),two new romidepsin derivatives,and three known compounds,chromopeptide A(3),romidepsin(4)and valine-leucine dipeptide(5)were isolated from the fermentation broth of Chromobacterium violaceum No.968.Their structures were elucidated by interpretation of their UV,HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectra.The absolute configuration of compound 1 and 2 were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.Compounds 1–5 were evaluated for their anti-proliferative activities against three human cancer cell lines,SW620,HL60,and A549.The results showed most of these compounds exhibited antitumor activities in vitro,in which compound 2 displayed potent cytotoxicity to SW620,HL60 and A549 cell lines,with IC_(50) of 12.5,6.7 and 5.7 nmol·L^(–1),respectively.
文摘Chromobacterium violaceum is a gram-negative bacterium, which has been used widely in microbiology labs involved in quorum sensing(QS) research. Among the QS-regulated traits of this bacterium, violacein production has received the maximum attention. Violacein production in this organism, however is not under sole control of QS machinery, and other QSregulated traits of this bacterium also need to be investigated in better detail. Though not often involved in human infections, this bacterium is being viewed as an emerging pathogen. This review attempts to highlight the recent research advances on Chromobacterium violaceum, with respect to violacein biosynthesis, development of various applications of this bacterium and its bioactive metabolite violacein, and its pathogenicity.
文摘Piericidin A1, 3’-rhamnopiericidin A1, and a novel compound piericidin E, a new quorum-sensing (QS) inhibitor against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, were isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. QS is well known as a microbial signaling system and controls certain types of gene expression resulting in bioluminescence, biofilm formation, swarming motility, antibiotic biosynthesis, and virulence factor production. C. violaceum CV026 is commonly used to determine qualitative and quantitative QS activity. The structures of piericidin derivatives were characterized, and their QS activities were determined.
文摘Background: Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative, a facultative anaerobe bacteria producing violacein pigment. C. violaceum is generally present as the normal flora of water and soil. The Urine Tract Infection (UTI) due to C. violaceum is very rare. Until now there was no report from Africa about UTIs caused by C. violaceum. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of C. violaceum is very limited due to the rarity of isolation from clinical specimens. Here, we describe the first case of urinary tract infection caused by C. violaceum in Angola. Aim: Our case report was carried out to assess the sensitivity and resistance pattern of C. violaceum as the causative agent of UTI. Results: C. violaceum was sensitive to Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Ceftriaxon, Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole, Piperacilin/Tazobactam, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Aztreonam and imipenem. The bacteria showed resistance to Cefuroxime. Conclusion: Here, we report a rare case of complicate urinary tract infection caused by C. violaceum in patient, who was treated successfully with ciprofloxacin for a total duration of 7 days.
文摘Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram negative, facultative anaerobe, generally present in water, soil in tropical and subtropical regions. This bacterium is an emerging environmental pathogen that causes life threatening infection in humans and animals. It can cause wound infection, visceral abscess, septicaemia, meningitis, diarrhoea, UTI. It is associated with significant mortality due to severe systemic infection. As the bacteria have high spreading tendency leading to sepsis, early identification and prompt treatment is necessary. Here we report a case of Chromobacterium violaceum wound infection in a 9 years old male from Dhaka, who was successfully treated with combination of cefixime and flucloxacillin antibiotics as per culture sensitivity report.
基金This work was supported financially by the Education Department of Sichuan Province under Grant 17ZA0304.
文摘Objectives:The purpose of this paper was to construct a reliable methodology to discriminate the geographical origins of Chuanminshen violaceum Sheh et Shan planted in different regions in Sichuan,China.Materials and methods:Fatty acid profiles of roots and leaves of C.violaceum planted in various regions of Sichuan Province in China,namely Guangyuan(GY),Langzhong(LZ),Jintang(JT),Bazhong(BZ),and Shuangling(SL),were determined using GC-MS followed by multivariate statistical analyses,including orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis.Results:Leaves of C.violaceum showed the highest contents of hexadecatrienoic acid(3.21 g/kg),linoleic acid(6.62 g/kg),andα-linolenic acid(7.24 g/kg),which were all higher than those contained in roots.Chuanminshen violaceum samples collected from LZ,JT,and GY could be clearly distinguished based on fatty acid profiles of leaves and those collected from LZ,GY,and BZ could be clearly distinguished based on fatty acid profiles of roots.Conclusions:Chemometric method is used as a potential approach for analyses of fatty acid profiles of roots and leaves to control the quality of C.violaceum and their powered products.
基金supported by the USDA-NIFA-SCRI-2017-51181-26834 through the National Center of Excellence for Melon at the Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center of Texas A&M University,College Station,Texas and also Institute of Advancing Health through Agriculture.
文摘In this study,we used accelerated solvent extraction(ASE)to extract flavonoids and anthocyanins from dried red onion peels,producing red onion peel extract(ROPE).High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of ROPE obtained using ASE identified important flavonols and anthocyanins.Total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents measured from ROPE were 459.15 mg/g±16.45(DW)and 33.14 mg/g±0.99(DW),respectively.ROPE antimicrobial activity against L.monocytogenes showed strain-specific effects,where the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)for V7 was two-fold greater than for EGD and Scott A(i.e.,25.82 vs.12.91 mg quercetin-3,4′-diglucoside equivalents/gram[mg QdGE/g]ROPE).ROPE significantly inhibited(P<0.05)biofilm formation by all three strains at sub-inhibitory concentrations(0.40-6.45 mg QdGE/g)in a concentration-dependent manner.Pre-formed biofilms of mixed L.monocytogenes strains on stainless steel were inactivated after 48 h at 22℃ only with higher concentrations of ROPE(25.82-56.63 mg QdGE/g).Sub-inhibitory concentrations of ROPE also inhibited L.monocytogenes motility and suppressed violacein pigment production in Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472,suggesting that ROPE inhibited quorum sensing.Therefore,our data indicate that red onion peel waste has potential as a source of natural antibacterial compounds as an approach to food safety in the circular economy.
文摘Introduction Tinea capitis is defined as an infection of hair follicles on scalp and surrounding skin,and commonly caused by dermatophyte fungi[1].Tinea capitis remains a significant global public health concern in urban areas,and usually infects children aged from 3 to 7 years,but rarely affect adults and infants[2].The genera Microsporum and Trichophyton are the predominant pathogens of this disease[1].In Europe and other developed countries,the incidence of tinea capitis has substantially increased recently[1].According to a retrospective study[3],Microsporum canis (M.Canis)has been remaining the dominant pathogen for tinea capitis among children in China between 2000 and 2010.However,the anthropophilic dermatophyte species-Trichophyton violaceum (T.violaceum) was prevalent in the eastern China and therefore kerion celsi ranked as the second frequent agent of tinea capitis (12.73% in 7,684 cases)[3] Now,we report a case of kerion celsi caused by T.violaceum and retrospectively analyze kerion celsi reported in China from 2011 to 2018.
基金funded by the All-India Council of Technical Education,New Delhi,India。
文摘Violacein,a therapeutic pigment synthesised naturally in specific bacterial systems,is commercially unexplored owing to low titers.The current study aimed to formulate a suitable medium and to develop a fed-batch strategy for improving the violacein productivity in a natural producer-Chromobacterium violaceum MTCC2656.The carbon and the nitrogen sources were extensively screened and their levels were optimised for maximal violacein production.The micronutrients in the medium were subjected to a two-level statistical optimisation using design of experiment approach and the final media formulation was validated.As a fed-batch approach,a combination of pulse feeding of glucose and tryptophan with optimised broth harvest of 60%(v/v)was attempted that achieved a titer of 1046±16 mg/L with productivity of 26.12±0.64 mg/L/h in each progressive cycle of fed-batch.The strategic sequential step of media formulation and fed-batch fermentation improved the violacein titer by~5 folds.Kinetic modelling was used to understand the enhancement in fermentation performance in both the batch and fed-batch processes.The findings from the current study would enable to understand and correlate the patterns of substrate uptake and violacein formation to establish strategies for enhancing overall productivity in the fermentation processes.
文摘Eight compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Chuanminshen violaceum Sheh et Shan. Seven of them were elucidated as 4 hydroxymethyl 5 methoxycarbonylethyl 6 methoxy benzofuran 7 O β D glucoside(1), 6 methoxymellein(2), isopimpinellin(3), byakangelicin(4), oxypeucedanin hydrate(5), rutaretin(6) and rutin(7) by spectral evidence. Compound 1 is a novel 4,5,6,7 tetrasubstituted benzofuran compound isolated from natural origins and named chuanminshenoside.
