Infections of patients from consumption of contaminated pharmaceutical products constituted major health risk problems. Medicinal products are liable to microbial intrusion during in-use application. The current study...Infections of patients from consumption of contaminated pharmaceutical products constituted major health risk problems. Medicinal products are liable to microbial intrusion during in-use application. The current study focused on repeated contamination with constant level of microbiological burden by two bacteria viz. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used as dose-response models for infection through two different routes of administration. Nine different forms of insulin vials were subjected to this type of simulation study at constant assumed level of contaminations, preservative efficacy test(PET) and dose potency. Multi-spot contamination imitation study showed that initial fast rise in contamination, followed shortly by longer but steeper slope which finally turned into higher rate of contamination during the few last doses of the unit dosage forms, where the volume of the product became increasingly and progressively very small. When the probability of infection curves was constructed, both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa showed same pattern, with notably higher risk from septicemia route of the latter rather than subcutaneous route of the former. The present simulation study showed that continuous use of the same contaminated syringe progressively increased the risk of infection, especially at final few doses(between 3th and 10 th last doses depending on the dosage form sizes in the vials and the administration volumes) of the product. Small volume parenterals(SVP) are especially products at higher risk than the larger volume ones.展开更多
This study was designed to investigate the possible variation in bioaccumulation of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, cobalt, chromium, nickel, and manganese) in the tissue of harvested Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia...This study was designed to investigate the possible variation in bioaccumulation of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, cobalt, chromium, nickel, and manganese) in the tissue of harvested Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia) and the associated fungi from vials treated with soil from e-waste dumpsite and soil without e-waste. E-waste is electronic waste which contains valuable metals as well as potential environmental contaminants. The heavy metals in soil and fish samples were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) after homogeneity and digestion of samples. The associated fungi were identified using standard microbiological methods. The genera of the associated fungi were: Penicillium, Candida, Articulospora, Aspergillus, Aspergillus, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor, Zoopage, Varicosporium and Rhodoturula. The quantity of fungi isolated from each pollution treatments showed that the number of fungi were inversely proportional to the quantity of e-waste soil pollution and directly proportional to the quantity of soil without e-waste pollution. The occurrence of the fungi species revealed that the untreated (control) vial had the highest occurrence (191) while the lowest occurrence (103) occurred in the vial polluted with the highest quantity of soil from e-waste dumpsite. The pH and the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the vials were significantly affected by the pollutions. Variations were also observed in the bioaccumulation of the heavy metals by Oreochromis niloticus. Cadmium (0.01 mg/kg) and nickel (0.02 - 0.08 mg/kg) were the least recorded metal in the tissue of the fish while cobalt was not detected after the five weeks period. The sequence of the heavy metals concentrations in Oreochromis niloticus tissue samples was Zn > Mn > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd > Co. The accumulation of the metals in the fish tissue were, however, lower than the international maximum guidelines, except for manganese (0.29 - 3.13 mg/kg) that exceeded the 0.01 - 0.05 mg/kg threshold levels for manganese by Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA). Protecting the environments from toxic metals is necessary, hence a need for public awareness on the dangers of these toxic metals and law for proper disposal of e-waste.展开更多
The present study corresponds to a descriptive research, whose objective seeks to determine the level of satisfaction of the population of Arequipa city, in respect of public works infrastructure executed in the Avenu...The present study corresponds to a descriptive research, whose objective seeks to determine the level of satisfaction of the population of Arequipa city, in respect of public works infrastructure executed in the Avenues Venezuela and Daniel Alcides Carrion. We designed a survey questionnaire which was applied to 384 people randomly for convenience, in the areas surrounding the road interchange. The results showed that a 65.10% believed that the infrastructure works had a positive impact, in addition to a 52.86% and 7.29% of people who were satisfied and very satisfied respectively, with the vial exchange carried out in the Avenues Venezuela and Daniel Alcides Carrion.展开更多
Dear Editor:Marquardt’s Phi mask has long been debunked by plastic surgeons,1 as the decagons supposedly making up the golden ratio proportions of facial aesthetics are a farce.However,the mathematical perfection exa...Dear Editor:Marquardt’s Phi mask has long been debunked by plastic surgeons,1 as the decagons supposedly making up the golden ratio proportions of facial aesthetics are a farce.However,the mathematical perfection exacted in our imaginations as dermatologists that uses ratios as the beauty standard is sold by a billion-dollar industry touting filler vials as the gravity-defying salve for the aging face.展开更多
Although the coronavirus disease 2019(COvID-19)pandemic has ended,the enduring health impacts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection continue to garner global attention,as approximatel...Although the coronavirus disease 2019(COvID-19)pandemic has ended,the enduring health impacts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection continue to garner global attention,as approximately 10%of patients develop long COVID(post COVID-19 condition).The epidemiological characteristics and symptoms of long COVID have been reported,and various pathogenic hypotheses have been proposed.Recent evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids or fragments persist in some patients post-infection and that these are correlated with long COvID symptoms.This review focuses on clinical studies linking SARS-CoV-2 persistence to long COVID symptoms,and explores the relationship between viral persistence and other etiological hypotheses,such as immune dysregulation,vascular issues,coagulation dysfunction,microbiome dysbiosis,brainstem/vagus nerve signaling dysfunction,and latent virus reactivation.Futhermore,treatment strategies for long COvID are proposed based on current clinical trials of antiviral and immune modulation therapies.Understanding the role of viral persistence in long COvID pathogenesis is critical for developing targeted therapies and improving clinical management of this debilitating condition.展开更多
基金supported and partially financially by HIKMA Pharma Pharmaceutical Company-2nd Industrial Zone-6th of October city,Egypt
文摘Infections of patients from consumption of contaminated pharmaceutical products constituted major health risk problems. Medicinal products are liable to microbial intrusion during in-use application. The current study focused on repeated contamination with constant level of microbiological burden by two bacteria viz. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used as dose-response models for infection through two different routes of administration. Nine different forms of insulin vials were subjected to this type of simulation study at constant assumed level of contaminations, preservative efficacy test(PET) and dose potency. Multi-spot contamination imitation study showed that initial fast rise in contamination, followed shortly by longer but steeper slope which finally turned into higher rate of contamination during the few last doses of the unit dosage forms, where the volume of the product became increasingly and progressively very small. When the probability of infection curves was constructed, both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa showed same pattern, with notably higher risk from septicemia route of the latter rather than subcutaneous route of the former. The present simulation study showed that continuous use of the same contaminated syringe progressively increased the risk of infection, especially at final few doses(between 3th and 10 th last doses depending on the dosage form sizes in the vials and the administration volumes) of the product. Small volume parenterals(SVP) are especially products at higher risk than the larger volume ones.
文摘This study was designed to investigate the possible variation in bioaccumulation of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, cobalt, chromium, nickel, and manganese) in the tissue of harvested Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia) and the associated fungi from vials treated with soil from e-waste dumpsite and soil without e-waste. E-waste is electronic waste which contains valuable metals as well as potential environmental contaminants. The heavy metals in soil and fish samples were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) after homogeneity and digestion of samples. The associated fungi were identified using standard microbiological methods. The genera of the associated fungi were: Penicillium, Candida, Articulospora, Aspergillus, Aspergillus, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor, Zoopage, Varicosporium and Rhodoturula. The quantity of fungi isolated from each pollution treatments showed that the number of fungi were inversely proportional to the quantity of e-waste soil pollution and directly proportional to the quantity of soil without e-waste pollution. The occurrence of the fungi species revealed that the untreated (control) vial had the highest occurrence (191) while the lowest occurrence (103) occurred in the vial polluted with the highest quantity of soil from e-waste dumpsite. The pH and the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the vials were significantly affected by the pollutions. Variations were also observed in the bioaccumulation of the heavy metals by Oreochromis niloticus. Cadmium (0.01 mg/kg) and nickel (0.02 - 0.08 mg/kg) were the least recorded metal in the tissue of the fish while cobalt was not detected after the five weeks period. The sequence of the heavy metals concentrations in Oreochromis niloticus tissue samples was Zn > Mn > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd > Co. The accumulation of the metals in the fish tissue were, however, lower than the international maximum guidelines, except for manganese (0.29 - 3.13 mg/kg) that exceeded the 0.01 - 0.05 mg/kg threshold levels for manganese by Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA). Protecting the environments from toxic metals is necessary, hence a need for public awareness on the dangers of these toxic metals and law for proper disposal of e-waste.
文摘The present study corresponds to a descriptive research, whose objective seeks to determine the level of satisfaction of the population of Arequipa city, in respect of public works infrastructure executed in the Avenues Venezuela and Daniel Alcides Carrion. We designed a survey questionnaire which was applied to 384 people randomly for convenience, in the areas surrounding the road interchange. The results showed that a 65.10% believed that the infrastructure works had a positive impact, in addition to a 52.86% and 7.29% of people who were satisfied and very satisfied respectively, with the vial exchange carried out in the Avenues Venezuela and Daniel Alcides Carrion.
文摘Dear Editor:Marquardt’s Phi mask has long been debunked by plastic surgeons,1 as the decagons supposedly making up the golden ratio proportions of facial aesthetics are a farce.However,the mathematical perfection exacted in our imaginations as dermatologists that uses ratios as the beauty standard is sold by a billion-dollar industry touting filler vials as the gravity-defying salve for the aging face.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2304803).
文摘Although the coronavirus disease 2019(COvID-19)pandemic has ended,the enduring health impacts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection continue to garner global attention,as approximately 10%of patients develop long COVID(post COVID-19 condition).The epidemiological characteristics and symptoms of long COVID have been reported,and various pathogenic hypotheses have been proposed.Recent evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids or fragments persist in some patients post-infection and that these are correlated with long COvID symptoms.This review focuses on clinical studies linking SARS-CoV-2 persistence to long COVID symptoms,and explores the relationship between viral persistence and other etiological hypotheses,such as immune dysregulation,vascular issues,coagulation dysfunction,microbiome dysbiosis,brainstem/vagus nerve signaling dysfunction,and latent virus reactivation.Futhermore,treatment strategies for long COvID are proposed based on current clinical trials of antiviral and immune modulation therapies.Understanding the role of viral persistence in long COvID pathogenesis is critical for developing targeted therapies and improving clinical management of this debilitating condition.
