Based on the load model of a uniform isotropic semi-infinite elastic medium,we deduced a calculation of vertical displacement and tilt and proposed a method of calculation of vertical displacements and tilts caused by...Based on the load model of a uniform isotropic semi-infinite elastic medium,we deduced a calculation of vertical displacement and tilt and proposed a method of calculation of vertical displacements and tilts caused by irregular load on the ground or underground at a certain point with two-dimensional and three-dimensional shapes. We compared the difference between the simplified model and the irregular model. Finally,the vertical displacements near the irregular load and the distribution of horizontal tilt are presented.The results show that,compared with the point simplified model,the irregular load model has certain advantages for describing the near field. The establishment of a twodimensional irregular load model can help with the calculation of the modal vector superposition after load scattering. The three-dimensional irregular load model can redistribute load through different weights given to the scattered points after the load scattering,and then obtain displacement with the vector calculation method. The results of vector superposition calculation from the scattered irregular load both in two-dimensions and three-dimensions are all convergent obviously as grids become denser,and it is shown that the calculation method is correct and feasible.展开更多
Sulfur speciation and concentration in geothermal water are of great significance for the research and utilization of the water resources.In most situations,it is necessary to determine the total sulfur in geothermal ...Sulfur speciation and concentration in geothermal water are of great significance for the research and utilization of the water resources.In most situations,it is necessary to determine the total sulfur in geothermal water.In this study,the method was established for the determination of determining total sulfur content-the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES),with the wavelength of 182.034 nm selected in spectral line of sulfur.It was identified that the optimal working conditions of the ICP-AES instrument were 1200 W for high frequency generator power 9 mm for vertical observation height,0.30 MPa atomizer pressure,and 50 r/min analytical pump speed.The matrix interference of the method was eliminated by the matrix matching method.Using this method,sulfur detection limit and minimum quantitative detection limit were 0.028 mg/L and 0.110 mg/L,respectively,whilst the linear range was 0.0-100.0 mg/L.The recovery rate of sample was between 90.67%and 108.7%,and the relative standard deviation(RSD)was between 0.36%and 2.14%.The method was used to analyze the actual samples and the results were basically consistent with the industry standard method.With high analysis efficiency,the method has low detection limit and minimum quantitative detection limit,wide linear range,good precision and accuracy,and provides an important detection method for the determination of total sulfur in geothermal water.展开更多
Ground motions are significantly influenced by dynamic characteristics of overburden soil layers near ground surface,as thick and soft soil layers would obviously amplify the ground motion strength. The conventional r...Ground motions are significantly influenced by dynamic characteristics of overburden soil layers near ground surface,as thick and soft soil layers would obviously amplify the ground motion strength. The conventional research method on soil nonlinear dynamic characteristics under strong motions is based on experiments in laboratories for the deficiency of observation data,but it is difficult to reliably simulate the complex factors of soils in actual earthquake durations,including loading paths,boundary conditions,and drainage conditions. The incremental data of the vertical downhole observation array,which is comprised of at least one observation point on ground surface and one observation point in a downhole rock base, makes it possible to study soil nonlinear dynamics according to in situ observation data,and provides new basic data and development opportunities to soil nonlinear dynamics studies.展开更多
The Advanced Radiative Transfer Modeling System(ARMS),a computationally efficient satellite observation operator,has been successfully integrated into the YinHe four-dimensional variational data assimilation(YH4DVAR)s...The Advanced Radiative Transfer Modeling System(ARMS),a computationally efficient satellite observation operator,has been successfully integrated into the YinHe four-dimensional variational data assimilation(YH4DVAR)system.This study investigates the impacts of assimilating Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A(AMSU-A)observations from the Meteorological Operational Satellite-C(MetOp-C)on the performance of YH4DVAR.Through a month-long global statistical analysis and a case study of Typhoon Hinnamnor,we evaluate the benefits of AMSUA data assimilation under clear sky conditions.Key findings are as follows.(1)ARMS achieves simulation accuracy comparable to RTTOV(Radiative Transfer for the Television and InfraRed Observation Satellite Operational Vertical sounder)version 11.2,demonstrating only a 0.5%discrepancy in data retention after quality control.(2)Implementation of ARMS as an operator in YH4DVAR enhances forecast accuracy for the 850-hPa temperature and 500-hPa geopotential height in the tropical region.(3)Compared to RTTOV,ARMS has improved the intensity forecast of Typhoon Hinnamnor and reduced mean wind speed errors by approximately 2%and central pressure errors by approximately1%.ARMS has now been operationally adopted as an alternative observational operator within YH4DVAR,demonstrating exceptional numerical stability,computational efficiency,and promising potential for future satellite data assimilation applications.展开更多
The growth and breakup processes of raindrops within a cloud influence the rain intensity and the sizes of raindrops on the surface.The Doppler velocity spectrum acquired by a vertically pointing radar(VPR)contains in...The growth and breakup processes of raindrops within a cloud influence the rain intensity and the sizes of raindrops on the surface.The Doppler velocity spectrum acquired by a vertically pointing radar(VPR)contains information on atmospheric turbulence and the size classification of falling hydrometeors.In this study,the four types of Convective Cells(CC)during precipitation events with more than 700 mm of precipitation in southern China are described.The characteristics of four types of CCs correspond to the isolated convection,the early stage,the mature stage,and the decline stage of organizational convection,in that order.Microphysical analysis using retrieval of vertical air motion(Vair)and raindrop evolution in clouds from Doppler velocity spectra collected by C-band VPR revealed the growth and breakup of falling raindrops with dynamic impact.Larger raindrops appear in the early stages and are accompanied by ice particles,which are impacted by the falling path᾽s downdraft.Raindrop aggregation,which is primarily related to the alternation of updraft and downdraft,accounts for the mature stage᾽s high efficiency of surface rainfall.The CCs in the decline stage originate from the shallow uplift in the weak and broad downdraft under conditions of enough water vapor.The updraft dominates the stage of isolated convection.Observations of convective cells could be more accurately represented in model evaluations.展开更多
基金funded by the Earthquake Tracing Oriented Task of Monitoring and Forecasting Department of China Earthquake Administration in 2015(2015020201):the 12th“Five-year Plan”Science and Technology Support Plan of China(2012BAK19B02)
文摘Based on the load model of a uniform isotropic semi-infinite elastic medium,we deduced a calculation of vertical displacement and tilt and proposed a method of calculation of vertical displacements and tilts caused by irregular load on the ground or underground at a certain point with two-dimensional and three-dimensional shapes. We compared the difference between the simplified model and the irregular model. Finally,the vertical displacements near the irregular load and the distribution of horizontal tilt are presented.The results show that,compared with the point simplified model,the irregular load model has certain advantages for describing the near field. The establishment of a twodimensional irregular load model can help with the calculation of the modal vector superposition after load scattering. The three-dimensional irregular load model can redistribute load through different weights given to the scattered points after the load scattering,and then obtain displacement with the vector calculation method. The results of vector superposition calculation from the scattered irregular load both in two-dimensions and three-dimensions are all convergent obviously as grids become denser,and it is shown that the calculation method is correct and feasible.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Fund Project(SK201908)of the Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.
文摘Sulfur speciation and concentration in geothermal water are of great significance for the research and utilization of the water resources.In most situations,it is necessary to determine the total sulfur in geothermal water.In this study,the method was established for the determination of determining total sulfur content-the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES),with the wavelength of 182.034 nm selected in spectral line of sulfur.It was identified that the optimal working conditions of the ICP-AES instrument were 1200 W for high frequency generator power 9 mm for vertical observation height,0.30 MPa atomizer pressure,and 50 r/min analytical pump speed.The matrix interference of the method was eliminated by the matrix matching method.Using this method,sulfur detection limit and minimum quantitative detection limit were 0.028 mg/L and 0.110 mg/L,respectively,whilst the linear range was 0.0-100.0 mg/L.The recovery rate of sample was between 90.67%and 108.7%,and the relative standard deviation(RSD)was between 0.36%and 2.14%.The method was used to analyze the actual samples and the results were basically consistent with the industry standard method.With high analysis efficiency,the method has low detection limit and minimum quantitative detection limit,wide linear range,good precision and accuracy,and provides an important detection method for the determination of total sulfur in geothermal water.
基金funded by the Special Research Fund for Seismology(201408020)the Natural Science Foundation of China (51578514,U1434210)
文摘Ground motions are significantly influenced by dynamic characteristics of overburden soil layers near ground surface,as thick and soft soil layers would obviously amplify the ground motion strength. The conventional research method on soil nonlinear dynamic characteristics under strong motions is based on experiments in laboratories for the deficiency of observation data,but it is difficult to reliably simulate the complex factors of soils in actual earthquake durations,including loading paths,boundary conditions,and drainage conditions. The incremental data of the vertical downhole observation array,which is comprised of at least one observation point on ground surface and one observation point in a downhole rock base, makes it possible to study soil nonlinear dynamics according to in situ observation data,and provides new basic data and development opportunities to soil nonlinear dynamics studies.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC3101500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42075149,42375155,and 62372460)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(2023JJ40667)。
文摘The Advanced Radiative Transfer Modeling System(ARMS),a computationally efficient satellite observation operator,has been successfully integrated into the YinHe four-dimensional variational data assimilation(YH4DVAR)system.This study investigates the impacts of assimilating Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A(AMSU-A)observations from the Meteorological Operational Satellite-C(MetOp-C)on the performance of YH4DVAR.Through a month-long global statistical analysis and a case study of Typhoon Hinnamnor,we evaluate the benefits of AMSUA data assimilation under clear sky conditions.Key findings are as follows.(1)ARMS achieves simulation accuracy comparable to RTTOV(Radiative Transfer for the Television and InfraRed Observation Satellite Operational Vertical sounder)version 11.2,demonstrating only a 0.5%discrepancy in data retention after quality control.(2)Implementation of ARMS as an operator in YH4DVAR enhances forecast accuracy for the 850-hPa temperature and 500-hPa geopotential height in the tropical region.(3)Compared to RTTOV,ARMS has improved the intensity forecast of Typhoon Hinnamnor and reduced mean wind speed errors by approximately 2%and central pressure errors by approximately1%.ARMS has now been operationally adopted as an alternative observational operator within YH4DVAR,demonstrating exceptional numerical stability,computational efficiency,and promising potential for future satellite data assimilation applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41975046)the Basic Research Fund of CAMS(No.2023Z008)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC1501703).
文摘The growth and breakup processes of raindrops within a cloud influence the rain intensity and the sizes of raindrops on the surface.The Doppler velocity spectrum acquired by a vertically pointing radar(VPR)contains information on atmospheric turbulence and the size classification of falling hydrometeors.In this study,the four types of Convective Cells(CC)during precipitation events with more than 700 mm of precipitation in southern China are described.The characteristics of four types of CCs correspond to the isolated convection,the early stage,the mature stage,and the decline stage of organizational convection,in that order.Microphysical analysis using retrieval of vertical air motion(Vair)and raindrop evolution in clouds from Doppler velocity spectra collected by C-band VPR revealed the growth and breakup of falling raindrops with dynamic impact.Larger raindrops appear in the early stages and are accompanied by ice particles,which are impacted by the falling path᾽s downdraft.Raindrop aggregation,which is primarily related to the alternation of updraft and downdraft,accounts for the mature stage᾽s high efficiency of surface rainfall.The CCs in the decline stage originate from the shallow uplift in the weak and broad downdraft under conditions of enough water vapor.The updraft dominates the stage of isolated convection.Observations of convective cells could be more accurately represented in model evaluations.
