In this paper,the heat transfer enhancement(HTE)of supercritical nitrogen flowing downward in a vertical small tube(diameter 2 mm)is studied using the commercial software CFX of Ansys16.1,to provide theoretical guidan...In this paper,the heat transfer enhancement(HTE)of supercritical nitrogen flowing downward in a vertical small tube(diameter 2 mm)is studied using the commercial software CFX of Ansys16.1,to provide theoretical guidance on the design of high-performance heat transfer systems.An effective numerical simulation method,which employs the SSG Reynolds stress model with enhanced wall treatment,is applied to study the heat transfer of supercritical nitrogen under typical working conditions.The objective is to evaluate the effect of the main parameters taking into account the buoyancy and flow acceleration effects.Simulation results are compared with results calculated from three well-known empirical correlations and the applicability of empirical correlation is discussed in detail.It is discovered that the Watts and Chou correlation accurately fits the simulation results of supercritical nitrogen and the Dittus-Boelter and Jackson correlations can only be used for high-pressure conditions.The HTE of supercritical nitrogen is closely related to the laminar sub-layer and buffer layer of a boundary layer.The buoyancy effect on the HTE should be considered at low mass flux conditions,and thermal acceleration can be completely ignored for the cases studied.The special HTE featured by the increment in heat transfer coefficient with increasing heat flux is discovered at low pressure,and simulation results proved that this HTE is caused by the combined actions of buoyancy as well as significant variations in specific heat and viscosity.展开更多
This work applies the Eulerian-Eulerian model in conjunction with the kinetic theory of granular flow and inter-particle collisions to study the characteristics of pressure recovery for a dilute gas-particle suspensio...This work applies the Eulerian-Eulerian model in conjunction with the kinetic theory of granular flow and inter-particle collisions to study the characteristics of pressure recovery for a dilute gas-particle suspension flowing through a pipe with a sudden expansion at a relatively higher solid loading.To do so,the numerical procedure was validated against experimental results for relatively small dilute phase flows in a pipe with a sudden expansion;a satisfactory agreement was obtained.Initially,the effect of the two significant numerical parameters namely,the speculairty coefficient and the coefficient of restitution for particle-particle collisions were investigated and then,for fixed combinations of these parameters the effect of particle-phase volume fraction,particle density,particle size,and inlet slip ratio were studied.It was concluded that pressure recovery diminishes as the speculairty coefficient increases and the particle-particle coefficient of restitution decreases.Pressure recovery was found to increase with increasing solid volume fraction for coarse particles whereas,for fine particles,a critical volume fraction is obtained above which pressure recovery reduces.An increase in slip ratio is found to diminish pressure recovery.Similarly,at relatively higher solid volume fractions,a critical diameter was found,above and below which pressure recovery decreases.展开更多
The present work deals with the computation of the gas-solid two-phase flow pressure drop across thin and thick orifices for a vertically downward flow configuration at the higher limits of a dilute phase flow situati...The present work deals with the computation of the gas-solid two-phase flow pressure drop across thin and thick orifices for a vertically downward flow configuration at the higher limits of a dilute phase flow situation(0.01≤αs,in≤0.10).The Eulerian-Eulerian(two-fluid)model has been used in conjunction with the kinetic theory of granular flow with a four-way coupling approach.The validation of the solution process has been performed by comparing the computational result with the existing experimental data.It is observed that the two-phase flow pressure drop across the orifice increases with an increase in the thickness of the orifice,and the effect is more prominent at higher solid loading.The pressure drop is found to increase with an increase in the solid volume fraction.An increase in the Reynolds number or the area ratio increases the pressure drop.An increase in the size of the particles reduces the pressure drop across the orifice at both small and relatively large solid volume fractions.Finally,a two-phase multiplier has been proposed in terms of the relevant parameters,which can be useful to evaluate the gas-solid two-phase flow pressure drop across the orifice and can subsequently help to improve the system performance.展开更多
基金financially sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51876024 and No.51976204)Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory。
文摘In this paper,the heat transfer enhancement(HTE)of supercritical nitrogen flowing downward in a vertical small tube(diameter 2 mm)is studied using the commercial software CFX of Ansys16.1,to provide theoretical guidance on the design of high-performance heat transfer systems.An effective numerical simulation method,which employs the SSG Reynolds stress model with enhanced wall treatment,is applied to study the heat transfer of supercritical nitrogen under typical working conditions.The objective is to evaluate the effect of the main parameters taking into account the buoyancy and flow acceleration effects.Simulation results are compared with results calculated from three well-known empirical correlations and the applicability of empirical correlation is discussed in detail.It is discovered that the Watts and Chou correlation accurately fits the simulation results of supercritical nitrogen and the Dittus-Boelter and Jackson correlations can only be used for high-pressure conditions.The HTE of supercritical nitrogen is closely related to the laminar sub-layer and buffer layer of a boundary layer.The buoyancy effect on the HTE should be considered at low mass flux conditions,and thermal acceleration can be completely ignored for the cases studied.The special HTE featured by the increment in heat transfer coefficient with increasing heat flux is discovered at low pressure,and simulation results proved that this HTE is caused by the combined actions of buoyancy as well as significant variations in specific heat and viscosity.
文摘This work applies the Eulerian-Eulerian model in conjunction with the kinetic theory of granular flow and inter-particle collisions to study the characteristics of pressure recovery for a dilute gas-particle suspension flowing through a pipe with a sudden expansion at a relatively higher solid loading.To do so,the numerical procedure was validated against experimental results for relatively small dilute phase flows in a pipe with a sudden expansion;a satisfactory agreement was obtained.Initially,the effect of the two significant numerical parameters namely,the speculairty coefficient and the coefficient of restitution for particle-particle collisions were investigated and then,for fixed combinations of these parameters the effect of particle-phase volume fraction,particle density,particle size,and inlet slip ratio were studied.It was concluded that pressure recovery diminishes as the speculairty coefficient increases and the particle-particle coefficient of restitution decreases.Pressure recovery was found to increase with increasing solid volume fraction for coarse particles whereas,for fine particles,a critical volume fraction is obtained above which pressure recovery reduces.An increase in slip ratio is found to diminish pressure recovery.Similarly,at relatively higher solid volume fractions,a critical diameter was found,above and below which pressure recovery decreases.
文摘The present work deals with the computation of the gas-solid two-phase flow pressure drop across thin and thick orifices for a vertically downward flow configuration at the higher limits of a dilute phase flow situation(0.01≤αs,in≤0.10).The Eulerian-Eulerian(two-fluid)model has been used in conjunction with the kinetic theory of granular flow with a four-way coupling approach.The validation of the solution process has been performed by comparing the computational result with the existing experimental data.It is observed that the two-phase flow pressure drop across the orifice increases with an increase in the thickness of the orifice,and the effect is more prominent at higher solid loading.The pressure drop is found to increase with an increase in the solid volume fraction.An increase in the Reynolds number or the area ratio increases the pressure drop.An increase in the size of the particles reduces the pressure drop across the orifice at both small and relatively large solid volume fractions.Finally,a two-phase multiplier has been proposed in terms of the relevant parameters,which can be useful to evaluate the gas-solid two-phase flow pressure drop across the orifice and can subsequently help to improve the system performance.
