Heat Recovery Ventilators(HRVs)are essential for improving indoor air quality(IAQ)and reducing energy consumption in residential buildings situated in cold climates.This study considers the efficiency and performance ...Heat Recovery Ventilators(HRVs)are essential for improving indoor air quality(IAQ)and reducing energy consumption in residential buildings situated in cold climates.This study considers the efficiency and performance optimization of HRVs under cold climatic conditions,where conventional ventilation systems increase heat loss.A comprehensive numerical model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics,integrating fluid dynamics,heat transfer,and solid mechanics to evaluate the thermal efficiency and structural integrity of an HRV system.The methodology employed a detailed geometry with tetrahedral elements,temperature-dependent material properties,and coupled governing equations solved under Tehran-specific boundary conditions.A multi-objective optimization was implemented in the framework of the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm,targeting the maximization of the average outlet temperature and minimization of the maximum von Mises thermal stress,with inlet flow velocity as the design variable(range:0.5–1.2m/s).Results indicate an optimal velocity of 0.51563 m/s,achieving an average outlet temperature of 289.44 K and maximum von Mises stress of 221 MPa,validated through mesh independence and detailed contour analyses of temperature,velocity,and stress distributions.展开更多
Hard coal is an important source of energy worldwide.Owing to the imperfections of excavation technology,most run-of-mine coals must be processed before they can be utilised as fuel.In this study,tests on the dry sepa...Hard coal is an important source of energy worldwide.Owing to the imperfections of excavation technology,most run-of-mine coals must be processed before they can be utilised as fuel.In this study,tests on the dry separation process were performed with numerous different raw hard coal and coal waste material samples,using a newly designed and constructed negative-pressure pneumatic separator(NPPS).The experiments revealed the effects of the feed-material properties and material processing conditions.These experiments were preceded by additional tests for evaluating the influence of each device operating parameter on the process,to determine the optimal method of supplying the feed material.The calorific value of the processed materials was improved by 5%–40%,while a minimal output yield of products(60%–70%)was maintained.The trials indicated that in coal material processing,the developed NPPS can be used for not only raw coal enrichment but also coal recovery from materials stored at coal-waste dumps.The main advantages of the device are its mobility,low material processing cost,and lack of water consumption during operation.展开更多
Considering four different climate zones in China, an investigation on the choice of heat recovery ventilator for the buildings with little moisture emissions is carried out. The annual composition of energy consumpti...Considering four different climate zones in China, an investigation on the choice of heat recovery ventilator for the buildings with little moisture emissions is carried out. The annual composition of energy consumption of air intake for per unitary air ventilation flow rate is evaluated by employing the testing data of climatic parameters in eight selected cities. The analysis shows that the total heat recovery is suitable in a controlled ventilation system with air humidity controlled during heating period of all the climates. For the building without air humidity controlled in winter, the sensible heat recovery ventilators can be used in severe cold and cold regions, and total heat recovery systems are more suitable for energy saving in hot summer and cold winter and hot summer and warm winter regions.展开更多
A study was carried out to control the noise produced by the ventilators at the Luling coalmine, which had caused serious noise pollution to the residents living around the mine for a long time. The main noise source ...A study was carried out to control the noise produced by the ventilators at the Luling coalmine, which had caused serious noise pollution to the residents living around the mine for a long time. The main noise source was found to be the dynamic noise at the outlet of the diffuser. The frequency of its peak value was 250 Hz. A special brick with a resonant frequency of 250 Hz was designed to eliminate this noise. The diffusion of a lower frequency noise has been successfully controlled by the installation of a noise-eliminating tower above the diffuser outlet. The detection results show that the noise in the nearby residential area has been lowered to an average 55.3dB(A) in the daytime from 69.8dB(A) and to 48.4dB(A) at night from 65.8dB(A).展开更多
Safflower is one of the most important oil crops worldwide.To improve the efficiency and quality of harvesting soft safflower filaments,minimize filament damage by the blade,and ensure the integrity of the filaments,a...Safflower is one of the most important oil crops worldwide.To improve the efficiency and quality of harvesting soft safflower filaments,minimize filament damage by the blade,and ensure the integrity of the filaments,an end-effector with a rotary push-cut-type negative-pressure airflow was designed.The design of the rotary blade edge curve was based on Archimedean and logarithmic spirals.The effect of the Archimedean spiral on the pushing of the scattered filaments was investigated.The rotary-cutting force and speed of the logarithmic helix on the soft filaments were analyzed.The sliding cut angle and feed speed of the blade are the key factors governing filament removal and damage.A simulation model of the cutting chamber flow field was established for the change in airflow with the position and speed rotation of the blade,allowing analysis of the parameters of the negative-pressure airflow.Single-factor and Box-Behnken tests were performed with the sliding cut angle,blade feed speed,and negative-pressure airflow speed as influencing factors and filament removal,damage,and drop rate as indices.The response surface clarified the effects of various factors on these indices.Optimal parameters were a sliding cut angle of 32.20°,a blade feeding speed of 0.031 m/s,and a negative-pressure airflow speed of 4.57 m/s.The corresponding filament removal,damage,and drop rates were 93.47%,6.94%,and 4.33%,respectively.Optimization results showed that filament removal,damage,and drop rates were 93.50%,7.02%,and 4.43%,respectively.The harvesting process met the requirements of high efficiency and low damage.展开更多
BACKGROUND:In this study,we aimed to evaluate the impact of mechanical ventilator(MV)utilizaton during cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)patient clinical outcomes in the emergenc...BACKGROUND:In this study,we aimed to evaluate the impact of mechanical ventilator(MV)utilizaton during cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)patient clinical outcomes in the emergency department.METHODS:This single-centered,retrospective,case-control study analyzed electronic medical records.Patients aged>18 years with non-traumatic OHCA who were treated at an emergency medical center between January 2019 and December 2023 were included.These patients were accessed according to the ventilatory method used:MV ventilation(volume control,tidal volume 6-8 mL/kg,frequency 10 beat per minute,inspiratory time 1 s)and manual resuscitator bag valve(BV)ventilation.The primary outcome was the return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC).After 1:1 propensity score matching,the clinical outcomes were analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 649 patients were enrolled in this study.Before matching,the clinical outcomes and pneumothorax incidence did not differ between the MV and BV groups.After 1:1 matching between the two groups using propensity scores,522 patients(261 MV and 261 BV)were analyzed.Propensity score matching yielded an adequate balance(standardized mean difference<0.10)for all covariates.The estimated odds ratio(OR)for ROSC was 1.23(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.85-1.77;P=0.267),for survival at hospital admission was 1.02(95%CI:0.68-1.53;P=0.918),for survival at hospital discharge was 2.31(95%CI:1.10-5.20;P=0.033),and for good neurologic outcome was 2.56(95%CI:0.84-9.43;P=0.116).CONCLUSION:In patients with OHCA admitted to the emergency department,MV ventilation during CPR showed clinical outcomes similar to those of BV ventilation in most measures.However,survival at hospital discharge was significantly higher in the MV group,suggesting potential benefits of MV use in selected patients.展开更多
Mechanical ventilation is a specialized oxygen therapy and life support technology with significant importance for critically ill patients. In fact, 40%–66% of patients in the intensive care unit(ICU) require mechani...Mechanical ventilation is a specialized oxygen therapy and life support technology with significant importance for critically ill patients. In fact, 40%–66% of patients in the intensive care unit(ICU) require mechanical ventilation.^([1,2]) However, the mechanical ventilation can lead to ventilatorassociated lung injury(VALI),^([3]) ultimately resulting in difficulties in weaning from mechanical ventilation,prolonged hospital stays, and even increased mortality.展开更多
A recent study on the rapid imaging of pulmonary ventilation using hyperpolarized ^(129)Xe MRI has demonstrated the ability to achieve isotropic 3D ventilation imaging with a spatial resolution of 3×3×3mm^(3...A recent study on the rapid imaging of pulmonary ventilation using hyperpolarized ^(129)Xe MRI has demonstrated the ability to achieve isotropic 3D ventilation imaging with a spatial resolution of 3×3×3mm^(3) in humans,within an acquisition time of just 3.5 seconds(https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.30120).展开更多
With different structural forms of ventilation pipes have various attenuation effects on incident shock waves while meeting ventilation requirements.The attenuation mechanism and the propagation law of shock waves in ...With different structural forms of ventilation pipes have various attenuation effects on incident shock waves while meeting ventilation requirements.The attenuation mechanism and the propagation law of shock waves in ventilation pipes of different structures are investigated by experiments and numerical simulations.Furthermore,for the same structure,the effects of peak pressure and positive pressure time on the attenuation rate are discussed.It is found that the attenuation rate increases with the incident shock wave pressure,and the shock wave attenuation rate tends to reach its limiting value k for the same structure and reasonably short positive pressure time.Under the same conditions,the attenuation rate is calculated using the pressure of the shock wave as follows:diffusion chamber pipe,branch pipe and selfconsumption pipe;the attenuation rate per unit volume is calculated as follows:self-consumption pipe,branch pipe and diffusion chamber pipe.In addition,an easy method is provided to calculate the attenuation rate of the shock wave in single and multi-stage ventilation pipes.Corresponding parameters are provided for various structures,and the margin of error between the formulae and experimental results is within 10%,which is significant for engineering applications.展开更多
Prediction of weaning success from invasive mechanical ventilation remains a challenge in everyday clinical practice.Several prediction scores have been developed to guide success during spontaneous breathing trials t...Prediction of weaning success from invasive mechanical ventilation remains a challenge in everyday clinical practice.Several prediction scores have been developed to guide success during spontaneous breathing trials to help with weaning decisions.These scores aim to provide a structured framework to support clinical judgment.However,their effectiveness varies across patient populations,and their predictive accuracy remains inconsistent.In this review,we aim to identify the strengths and limitations of commonly used clinical prediction tools in assessing readiness for ventilator liberation.While scores such as the Rapid Shallow Breathing Index and the Integrative Weaning Index are widely adopted,their sensitivity and specificity often fall short in complex clinical settings.Factors such as underlying disease pathophysiology,patient characteristics,and clinician subjectivity impact score performance and reliability.Moreover,disparities in validation across diverse populations limit generalizability.With growing interest in artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning,there is potential for enhanced prediction models that integrate multidimensional data and adapt to individual patient profiles.However,current AI approaches face challenges related to interpretability,bias,and ethical implementation.This paper underscores the need for more robust,individualized,and transparent prediction systems and advocates for careful integration of emerging technologies into clinical workflows to optimize weaning success and patient outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is common among neonates,particularly those requiring mechanical ventilation.Pepsin,a reliable marker of gastric aspi-ration,may help detect GER episodes in ventilated n...BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is common among neonates,particularly those requiring mechanical ventilation.Pepsin,a reliable marker of gastric aspi-ration,may help detect GER episodes in ventilated neonates and assess associated clinical outcomes.AIM To determine the incidence of GERD,associated risk factors,and morbidities among full-term mechanically ventilated neonates by detecting pepsin in endo-tracheal aspirates(ETA).METHODS This study included 97 full-term neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Cairo University Hospitals from April 2023 to March 2024.ETA samples were collected at three intervals:Immediately post-intubation(Sample A),48 hours after intubation(Sample B),and just before extubation(Sample C).Pepsin concentration was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Clinical data,including hospital stay duration and feeding parameters,were correlated with pepsin levels.RESULTS Pepsin was detected in 76(78.4%)of Sample A,78(81.3%)of Sample B,and 47(68.1%)of Sample C.A significant positive correlation was found between pepsin levels and FiO_(2) in Sample B(r=0.203,P=0.047).Prolonged hospital stay was also associated with pepsin detection in Samples B and C(P<0.05).A negative correlation was observed between feeding amount and pepsin levels across all samples(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The incidence of GERD in full-term mechanically ventilated neonates is high,correlating with pepsin levels,FiO_(2),feeding intolerance,and hospital stay,highlighting the importance of early detection.展开更多
During the train meeting events,train equipment compartments are exposed to the worst pressure changes,potentially affecting the ventilation performance of equipment,particularly for electrical facilities equipped wit...During the train meeting events,train equipment compartments are exposed to the worst pressure changes,potentially affecting the ventilation performance of equipment,particularly for electrical facilities equipped with independent air ducts.In this paper,a two-step method is used for numerical computation:(1)obtaining the temporal and spatial transient node data of the flow field sections during the train-passing simulation and(2)using the data as the input data for the equipment compartment simulation.In addition,this paper also compares the difference in equipment ventilation between the single-train and trainpassing scenarios in real vehicle tests.The results indicate that the primary factors influencing ventilation effectiveness are the aerodynamic compression and deceleration of airflow induced by the other train's nose,as well as the instability of the external flow field in the wake of the other train.During train crossing,the air is forced into the air duct,with a maximum ratio of the airflow in-duct to the airflow out-duct reaching 3.2.The average mass flow falls below the rated mass flow for the converter.Compared to the rated air volume of converter,the maximum suppression rates obtained from testing and simulation are-24.5%and-16.8%,respectively.Compared to the single-train operation,the maximum suppression rates obtained from testing and simulation are-15%and-18%,respectively.These findings provide valuable insights into the design and operation of high-speed trains.展开更多
The longitudinal ventilation strategy is commonly used for road tunnels in urban environment in Sweden.This is partly due to how tunnels in urban environment was planned and designed before the EU Directive[1](2004/54...The longitudinal ventilation strategy is commonly used for road tunnels in urban environment in Sweden.This is partly due to how tunnels in urban environment was planned and designed before the EU Directive[1](2004/54/EC)came in place.Even in new tunnels both to practical and economic reasons the use of longitudinal ventilation has been an outspoken demand from the Swedish road authority,SRA.Swedish law[2]requires that a risk analysis is carried out to demonstrate that an acceptable level of risk is achieved in the tunnels with longitudinal ventilation if there is a risk of queues.Otherwise transverse or semi-transverse ventilation strategy shall be used.During recent development,or a late awakening,it is clear that dense populated areas in Sweden will experience queues.This threatens the foundation of the Swedish modern tunnel safety concept which calls for enhancement.This paper presents the risk-reducing effect of three alternative strategies,enhancements package,focusing on evacuation safety for road users.It is a combination of traffic management,fixed firefighting systems,reduced distance between escape routes and regulation of traffic with dangerous goods.In addition,it provides a comprehensive review of safety system details,combined with a longitudinal ventilation concept.展开更多
BACKGROUND Lung ultrasonography is being increasingly used in mechanically ventilated patients to evaluate the lung aeration during incremental positive end expiratory pressure(PEEP)adjustments and to evaluate the wea...BACKGROUND Lung ultrasonography is being increasingly used in mechanically ventilated patients to evaluate the lung aeration during incremental positive end expiratory pressure(PEEP)adjustments and to evaluate the weaning process from mechanical ventilation.The effects of PEEP may vary across different lung pathologies and may not consistently correlate with changes in lung aeration as assessed by lung ultrasound scores(LUSs).AIM To assess the role of lung ultrasonography in evaluating lung aeration during the application of PEEP in mechanically ventilated patients with various lung pathologies.METHODS An observational study was conducted over 18 months in a tertiary care hospital.Patients of both genders,aged between 18-75 years,who had been admitted to the intensive care unit,and required mechanical ventilation,were studied.A standard ventilatory strategy was used and incremental levels of PEEP[5,10,and 15 cm water(H_(2)O)]were applied.Baseline characteristics,including oxygen saturation(SpO2),LUS,mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),and their changes with incremental PEEP levels,were recorded and analyzed.RESULTS In this study,45.9%of patients required a PEEP of 5 cm H_(2)O to achieve the endpoint of lung aeration(LUS of 0).In addition,86.5% and 13.5% of patients reached the endpoint of lung aeration at PEEP levels of 10 and 15 cm H_(2)O,respectively.The proportion of patients with higher lung scores decreased significantly with increasing PEEP levels(P<0.001 for 5 and 10 cm H_(2)O and P=0.032 for 15 cm H_(2)O).SpO2 increased significantly with higher PEEP levels(P<0.001),confirming the effectiveness of PEEP in improving oxygenation.The results also revealed a significant increase in HR and a decrease in MAP following the application of higher PEEP levels.CONCLUSION Increasing PEEP levels in mechanically ventilated patients improves lung aeration,which can be effectively assessed using bedside lung ultrasonography.展开更多
Objective:To explore the role of lung ultrasound combined with multi-organ evaluation in assessing the risk of weaning from mechanical ventilation(MV)in severe patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted o...Objective:To explore the role of lung ultrasound combined with multi-organ evaluation in assessing the risk of weaning from mechanical ventilation(MV)in severe patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 severe patients admitted to the hospital from December 2022 to December 2024,all of whom underwent MV treatment.Based on weaning status,thirty-eight patients were successfully weaned(success group),and 22 patients failed weaning(failure group).All patients underwent lung ultrasound and multi-organ evaluation.The parameter differences between the two groups were compared,risk factors for weaning risk were evaluated,and a receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was drawn to assess the predictive value of lung ultrasound combined with multi-organ evaluation for weaning risk.Results:The lung ultrasound score(LUS)of the success group was lower than that of the failure group,the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)was higher than that of the failure group,and the diaphragmatic excursion(DE)and diaphragmatic thickening fraction(DTF)were higher than those of the failure group(P<0.05).Multifactor analysis showed that LUS was a risk factor for weaning risk,while LVEF,DE,and DTF were protective factors(P<0.05).The ROC showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of a single parameter for weaning risk was smaller than that of the combined parameters(P<0.05).Conclusion:Lung ultrasound combined with multi-organ evaluation can predict the weaning risk of severe patients undergoing MV treatment,and the diagnostic efficiency of multiple parameters combined evaluation is higher.展开更多
Indoor air quality(IAQ)is often overlooked,yet a poorly maintained environment can lead to significant health issues and reduced concentration and productivity in work or educational settings.This study presents an in...Indoor air quality(IAQ)is often overlooked,yet a poorly maintained environment can lead to significant health issues and reduced concentration and productivity in work or educational settings.This study presents an innovative control system for mechanical ventilation specifically designed for university classrooms,with the dual goal of enhancing IAQ and increasing energy efficiency.Two classrooms with distinct construction characteristics were analyzed:one with exterior walls and windows,and the other completely underground.For each classroom,a model was developed using DesignBuilder software,which was calibrated with experimental data regarding CO_(2) concentration,temperature,and relative humidity levels.The proposed ventilation system operates based on CO_(2) concentration,relative humidity,and potential for free heating and cooling.In addition,the analysis was conducted for other locations,demonstrating consistent energy savings across different climates and environments,always showing an annual reduction in energy consumption.Results demonstrate that mechanical ventilation,when integrated with heat recovery and free cooling strategies,significantly reduces energy consumption by up to 25%,while also maintaining optimal CO_(2) levels to enhance comfort and air quality.These findings emphasize the essential need for well-designed mechanical ventilation systems to ensure both psychophysical well-being and IAQ in enclosed spaces,particularly in environments intended for extended occupancy,such as classrooms.Furthermore,this approach has broad applicability,as it could be adapted to various building types,thereby contributing to sustainable energy management practices and promoting healthier indoor spaces.This study serves as a model for future designs aiming to balance energy efficiency with indoor air quality,especially relevant in the post-COVID era,where the importance of indoor air quality has become more widely recognized.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the predictive value of diaphragm thickening fraction(DTF)combined with cough peak expiratory flow(CPEF)on the success rate of weaning from mechanical ventilation.Methods:The clinical data of ...Objective:To investigate the predictive value of diaphragm thickening fraction(DTF)combined with cough peak expiratory flow(CPEF)on the success rate of weaning from mechanical ventilation.Methods:The clinical data of patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation via oral endotracheal intubation in the ICU of our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were studied.All patients underwent a 30-minute spontaneous breathing trial(SBT)using low-level pressure support ventilation(PSV)after meeting the clinical weaning screening criteria.Among them,150 patients who met the clinical weaning criteria were weaned from the ventilator.They were divided into a successful weaning group(n=100)and a failed weaning group(n=50)based on the weaning outcome.Clinical data,including age,gender,APACHE II score,duration of mechanical ventilation,DTF,and CPEF,were collected from 150 patients.The differences in clinical data between the two groups were compared,and the correlation between DTF,CPEF,and the success rate of weaning was analyzed.Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups in gender ratio(χ^(2)=0.884,P=0.347>0.05),age(t=0.350,P=0.727>0.05),and APACHE II score(t=1.295,P=0.197>0.05),but there was a significant difference in the duration of mechanical ventilation(t=3.766,P<0.001).The DTF and CPEF values in the successful weaning group were significantly higher than those in the failed weaning group(P<0.05).ROC curves were drawn to predict the weaning results using DTF,CPEF,and the combination of DTF and CPEF.The results showed that the specificity of the combination of DTF and CPEF was comparable to that of either metric alone,but the sensitivity and AUC were significantly higher than those of either metric alone.Conclusion:The combination of DTF and CPEF can be used as an effective indicator to evaluate the weaning efficacy of mechanically ventilated patients,which has important clinical significance for guiding clinical weaning treatment,improving the success rate of weaning,reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia,and shortening the length of hospital stay.展开更多
Background:Mechanical ventilation(MV)provides life support for patients with severe respiratory distress but can simultaneously cause ventilator-induced lung injury(VILI).However,due to a poor understanding of its mec...Background:Mechanical ventilation(MV)provides life support for patients with severe respiratory distress but can simultaneously cause ventilator-induced lung injury(VILI).However,due to a poor understanding of its mechanism,there is still a lack of effective remedies for the often-deadly VILI.Recent studies indicate that the stretch associated with MV can enhance the secretion of extracellular vesicles(EVs)and induce endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in airway smoothmuscle cells(ASMCs),both of which can contribute to VILI.But whetherMVassociated stretch enhances the secretion of EVs via ER stress in ASMCs as an underlying mechanism of VILI remains unknown.Methods:In this study,we exposed cultured human ASMCs to stretch(13%strain)and mouse models to MV at tidal volume(18 mL/kg).Subsequently,the amount of secreted EVs in the culture medium of ASMCs and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of mousemodels was quantitatively evaluated by ultracentrifugation,transmission electron microscopy,Western blot,flow cytometry,and nanoparticle tracking analysis.The cultured ASMCs and the lung tissues of mouse models were assessed for expression of biomarkers of EVs(cluster of differentiation antigen 63,CD63),ER stress(heat shock protein family A member 5,HSPA5),and EVs regulating molecule Rab27a by immunofluorescence microscopy,immunohistochemistry(IHC)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),respectively.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)in EVs from ASMCs were measured with miRNA whole genome sequencing(miRNA-Seq).Results:We found that stretch enhanced EV secretion from cultured ASMCs.In addition,the cultured ASMCs and the mouse models were either or not pretreated with ER stress inhibitor(tauroursodeoxycholic acid,TUDCA)/EV secretion inhibitor(GW4869)prior to stretch or MV.We found that MV-associated stretch enhanced the expression of CD63,HSPA5,and Rab27a in cultured ASMCs and BALF/lung tissues of mousemodels,which could all be attenuated with TUDCA/GW4869 pretreatment.miRNA-Seq data show that differentially expressed miRNAs in EVsmainlymodulate gene transcription.Furthermore,the EVs fromcultured ASMCs under stretch tended to enhance detachment and expression of inflammatory cytokines,i.e.,transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),interleukin-10(IL-10)in cultured airway epithelial cells.The expression of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in BALF of the mouse models also increased in response to MV,which was attenuated together with partial improvement of lung injury by pretreatment with TUDCA,GW4869/Rab27a siRNAs.Conclusion:Taken together,our data indicate thatMV-associated stretch can enhance the secretion of EVs from ASMCs via ER stress signaling to mediate airway inflammation and VILI,which provides new insight for further exploring EVs for the diagnosis and treatment of VILI.展开更多
Objectives:To propose a new idea of“lung ventilation and Qi regulation”for preventing and treating lung cancer,and to summarize the corresponding Tongfei Huajie prescription,as a systematic theoretical and practical...Objectives:To propose a new idea of“lung ventilation and Qi regulation”for preventing and treating lung cancer,and to summarize the corresponding Tongfei Huajie prescription,as a systematic theoretical and practical innovation.Methods:Based on the etiology and pathogenesis of lung cancer,the anatomy,physiology and pathology of the lung,and inspired by the ancient“Tuoyue”(bellows)theory,this study combined the clinical observation of ventilation issues in lung cancer patients.The Tongfei Huajie prescription was formulated following the classic principle of monarch(Jun),minister(Chen),assistant(Zuo),and guide(Shi),and was interpreted with modern pharmacological research.Results:A novel therapeutic concept of“lung ventilation and Qi regulation”was proposed.The corresponding Tongfei Huajie prescription was developed,which has the effects of ventilating the lung,expelling phlegm dampness,tonifying Qi,tonifying the kidney and spleen for lung health,soothing the liver and descending lung Qi,and clearing the heart and moistening the lung.Clinical application has achieved obvious curative effect.Conclusions:This work presents a systematic summary of the innovation in“theory,method,formula and herb”for lung cancer treatment,demonstrating the advantages of Traditional Chinese Medicine in this field.展开更多
Cardiac arrest(CA)is considered a state of clinical death in which the heart suddenly loses its ability to effectively expel blood,resulting in circulatory and respiratory arrest.CA is often catastrophic for patients,...Cardiac arrest(CA)is considered a state of clinical death in which the heart suddenly loses its ability to effectively expel blood,resulting in circulatory and respiratory arrest.CA is often catastrophic for patients,as it can cause serious long-term cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications that affect their quality of life[1].Survey data indicate that the overall incidence rate of intraoperative CA in patients undergoing thoracic surgery in China is currently 0.138%[2].This rate is expected to increase because of the increasing proportion of older individuals(age>60 years)in the population,as well as the increasing pulmonary surgery rates.However,the incidence rate during the perianesthetic period in older patients undergoing thoracic surgery has not yet been comprehensively reported.展开更多
文摘Heat Recovery Ventilators(HRVs)are essential for improving indoor air quality(IAQ)and reducing energy consumption in residential buildings situated in cold climates.This study considers the efficiency and performance optimization of HRVs under cold climatic conditions,where conventional ventilation systems increase heat loss.A comprehensive numerical model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics,integrating fluid dynamics,heat transfer,and solid mechanics to evaluate the thermal efficiency and structural integrity of an HRV system.The methodology employed a detailed geometry with tetrahedral elements,temperature-dependent material properties,and coupled governing equations solved under Tehran-specific boundary conditions.A multi-objective optimization was implemented in the framework of the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm,targeting the maximization of the average outlet temperature and minimization of the maximum von Mises thermal stress,with inlet flow velocity as the design variable(range:0.5–1.2m/s).Results indicate an optimal velocity of 0.51563 m/s,achieving an average outlet temperature of 289.44 K and maximum von Mises stress of 221 MPa,validated through mesh independence and detailed contour analyses of temperature,velocity,and stress distributions.
基金The research presented in this paper was performed as a part of the Project AMSEP“Novel dry sorter for coal processing and coal recovery from mine originating wastes”,which was conducted with a financial grant from the European Institute of Innovation and Technology in frame of InnoEnergy S.E.,with Central Mining Institute as the Project coordinator.It was also financially supported by Statutory Research No.11325018-173.
文摘Hard coal is an important source of energy worldwide.Owing to the imperfections of excavation technology,most run-of-mine coals must be processed before they can be utilised as fuel.In this study,tests on the dry separation process were performed with numerous different raw hard coal and coal waste material samples,using a newly designed and constructed negative-pressure pneumatic separator(NPPS).The experiments revealed the effects of the feed-material properties and material processing conditions.These experiments were preceded by additional tests for evaluating the influence of each device operating parameter on the process,to determine the optimal method of supplying the feed material.The calorific value of the processed materials was improved by 5%–40%,while a minimal output yield of products(60%–70%)was maintained.The trials indicated that in coal material processing,the developed NPPS can be used for not only raw coal enrichment but also coal recovery from materials stored at coal-waste dumps.The main advantages of the device are its mobility,low material processing cost,and lack of water consumption during operation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No50578034)Shanghai Educational Development Foundationtitled"Shuguang Project"(Grant NO03SG30)
文摘Considering four different climate zones in China, an investigation on the choice of heat recovery ventilator for the buildings with little moisture emissions is carried out. The annual composition of energy consumption of air intake for per unitary air ventilation flow rate is evaluated by employing the testing data of climatic parameters in eight selected cities. The analysis shows that the total heat recovery is suitable in a controlled ventilation system with air humidity controlled during heating period of all the climates. For the building without air humidity controlled in winter, the sensible heat recovery ventilators can be used in severe cold and cold regions, and total heat recovery systems are more suitable for energy saving in hot summer and cold winter and hot summer and warm winter regions.
文摘A study was carried out to control the noise produced by the ventilators at the Luling coalmine, which had caused serious noise pollution to the residents living around the mine for a long time. The main noise source was found to be the dynamic noise at the outlet of the diffuser. The frequency of its peak value was 250 Hz. A special brick with a resonant frequency of 250 Hz was designed to eliminate this noise. The diffusion of a lower frequency noise has been successfully controlled by the installation of a noise-eliminating tower above the diffuser outlet. The detection results show that the noise in the nearby residential area has been lowered to an average 55.3dB(A) in the daytime from 69.8dB(A) and to 48.4dB(A) at night from 65.8dB(A).
基金funded by Central Guidance for Local Science and Technology Development Funding Projects under Grant,China(Grant No.ZYYD2025ZY11)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32460449 and 52265041)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology(Jiangsu University),Ministry of Education,China(Grant No.MAET202305)the Graduate School-level Research and Innovation Program of Xinjiang Agricultural University,China(Grant No.XJAUGRI2023021).
文摘Safflower is one of the most important oil crops worldwide.To improve the efficiency and quality of harvesting soft safflower filaments,minimize filament damage by the blade,and ensure the integrity of the filaments,an end-effector with a rotary push-cut-type negative-pressure airflow was designed.The design of the rotary blade edge curve was based on Archimedean and logarithmic spirals.The effect of the Archimedean spiral on the pushing of the scattered filaments was investigated.The rotary-cutting force and speed of the logarithmic helix on the soft filaments were analyzed.The sliding cut angle and feed speed of the blade are the key factors governing filament removal and damage.A simulation model of the cutting chamber flow field was established for the change in airflow with the position and speed rotation of the blade,allowing analysis of the parameters of the negative-pressure airflow.Single-factor and Box-Behnken tests were performed with the sliding cut angle,blade feed speed,and negative-pressure airflow speed as influencing factors and filament removal,damage,and drop rate as indices.The response surface clarified the effects of various factors on these indices.Optimal parameters were a sliding cut angle of 32.20°,a blade feeding speed of 0.031 m/s,and a negative-pressure airflow speed of 4.57 m/s.The corresponding filament removal,damage,and drop rates were 93.47%,6.94%,and 4.33%,respectively.Optimization results showed that filament removal,damage,and drop rates were 93.50%,7.02%,and 4.43%,respectively.The harvesting process met the requirements of high efficiency and low damage.
文摘BACKGROUND:In this study,we aimed to evaluate the impact of mechanical ventilator(MV)utilizaton during cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)patient clinical outcomes in the emergency department.METHODS:This single-centered,retrospective,case-control study analyzed electronic medical records.Patients aged>18 years with non-traumatic OHCA who were treated at an emergency medical center between January 2019 and December 2023 were included.These patients were accessed according to the ventilatory method used:MV ventilation(volume control,tidal volume 6-8 mL/kg,frequency 10 beat per minute,inspiratory time 1 s)and manual resuscitator bag valve(BV)ventilation.The primary outcome was the return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC).After 1:1 propensity score matching,the clinical outcomes were analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 649 patients were enrolled in this study.Before matching,the clinical outcomes and pneumothorax incidence did not differ between the MV and BV groups.After 1:1 matching between the two groups using propensity scores,522 patients(261 MV and 261 BV)were analyzed.Propensity score matching yielded an adequate balance(standardized mean difference<0.10)for all covariates.The estimated odds ratio(OR)for ROSC was 1.23(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.85-1.77;P=0.267),for survival at hospital admission was 1.02(95%CI:0.68-1.53;P=0.918),for survival at hospital discharge was 2.31(95%CI:1.10-5.20;P=0.033),and for good neurologic outcome was 2.56(95%CI:0.84-9.43;P=0.116).CONCLUSION:In patients with OHCA admitted to the emergency department,MV ventilation during CPR showed clinical outcomes similar to those of BV ventilation in most measures.However,survival at hospital discharge was significantly higher in the MV group,suggesting potential benefits of MV use in selected patients.
文摘Mechanical ventilation is a specialized oxygen therapy and life support technology with significant importance for critically ill patients. In fact, 40%–66% of patients in the intensive care unit(ICU) require mechanical ventilation.^([1,2]) However, the mechanical ventilation can lead to ventilatorassociated lung injury(VALI),^([3]) ultimately resulting in difficulties in weaning from mechanical ventilation,prolonged hospital stays, and even increased mortality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81930049 and 82171926).
文摘A recent study on the rapid imaging of pulmonary ventilation using hyperpolarized ^(129)Xe MRI has demonstrated the ability to achieve isotropic 3D ventilation imaging with a spatial resolution of 3×3×3mm^(3) in humans,within an acquisition time of just 3.5 seconds(https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.30120).
文摘With different structural forms of ventilation pipes have various attenuation effects on incident shock waves while meeting ventilation requirements.The attenuation mechanism and the propagation law of shock waves in ventilation pipes of different structures are investigated by experiments and numerical simulations.Furthermore,for the same structure,the effects of peak pressure and positive pressure time on the attenuation rate are discussed.It is found that the attenuation rate increases with the incident shock wave pressure,and the shock wave attenuation rate tends to reach its limiting value k for the same structure and reasonably short positive pressure time.Under the same conditions,the attenuation rate is calculated using the pressure of the shock wave as follows:diffusion chamber pipe,branch pipe and selfconsumption pipe;the attenuation rate per unit volume is calculated as follows:self-consumption pipe,branch pipe and diffusion chamber pipe.In addition,an easy method is provided to calculate the attenuation rate of the shock wave in single and multi-stage ventilation pipes.Corresponding parameters are provided for various structures,and the margin of error between the formulae and experimental results is within 10%,which is significant for engineering applications.
文摘Prediction of weaning success from invasive mechanical ventilation remains a challenge in everyday clinical practice.Several prediction scores have been developed to guide success during spontaneous breathing trials to help with weaning decisions.These scores aim to provide a structured framework to support clinical judgment.However,their effectiveness varies across patient populations,and their predictive accuracy remains inconsistent.In this review,we aim to identify the strengths and limitations of commonly used clinical prediction tools in assessing readiness for ventilator liberation.While scores such as the Rapid Shallow Breathing Index and the Integrative Weaning Index are widely adopted,their sensitivity and specificity often fall short in complex clinical settings.Factors such as underlying disease pathophysiology,patient characteristics,and clinician subjectivity impact score performance and reliability.Moreover,disparities in validation across diverse populations limit generalizability.With growing interest in artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning,there is potential for enhanced prediction models that integrate multidimensional data and adapt to individual patient profiles.However,current AI approaches face challenges related to interpretability,bias,and ethical implementation.This paper underscores the need for more robust,individualized,and transparent prediction systems and advocates for careful integration of emerging technologies into clinical workflows to optimize weaning success and patient outcomes.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is common among neonates,particularly those requiring mechanical ventilation.Pepsin,a reliable marker of gastric aspi-ration,may help detect GER episodes in ventilated neonates and assess associated clinical outcomes.AIM To determine the incidence of GERD,associated risk factors,and morbidities among full-term mechanically ventilated neonates by detecting pepsin in endo-tracheal aspirates(ETA).METHODS This study included 97 full-term neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Cairo University Hospitals from April 2023 to March 2024.ETA samples were collected at three intervals:Immediately post-intubation(Sample A),48 hours after intubation(Sample B),and just before extubation(Sample C).Pepsin concentration was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Clinical data,including hospital stay duration and feeding parameters,were correlated with pepsin levels.RESULTS Pepsin was detected in 76(78.4%)of Sample A,78(81.3%)of Sample B,and 47(68.1%)of Sample C.A significant positive correlation was found between pepsin levels and FiO_(2) in Sample B(r=0.203,P=0.047).Prolonged hospital stay was also associated with pepsin detection in Samples B and C(P<0.05).A negative correlation was observed between feeding amount and pepsin levels across all samples(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The incidence of GERD in full-term mechanically ventilated neonates is high,correlating with pepsin levels,FiO_(2),feeding intolerance,and hospital stay,highlighting the importance of early detection.
基金support by Technology R&D Program of China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd(Grant number N2022J013)the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate(Grant number CX20220279)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(Grant number 2022ZZTS0193)China Scholarship Council(202106370112)。
文摘During the train meeting events,train equipment compartments are exposed to the worst pressure changes,potentially affecting the ventilation performance of equipment,particularly for electrical facilities equipped with independent air ducts.In this paper,a two-step method is used for numerical computation:(1)obtaining the temporal and spatial transient node data of the flow field sections during the train-passing simulation and(2)using the data as the input data for the equipment compartment simulation.In addition,this paper also compares the difference in equipment ventilation between the single-train and trainpassing scenarios in real vehicle tests.The results indicate that the primary factors influencing ventilation effectiveness are the aerodynamic compression and deceleration of airflow induced by the other train's nose,as well as the instability of the external flow field in the wake of the other train.During train crossing,the air is forced into the air duct,with a maximum ratio of the airflow in-duct to the airflow out-duct reaching 3.2.The average mass flow falls below the rated mass flow for the converter.Compared to the rated air volume of converter,the maximum suppression rates obtained from testing and simulation are-24.5%and-16.8%,respectively.Compared to the single-train operation,the maximum suppression rates obtained from testing and simulation are-15%and-18%,respectively.These findings provide valuable insights into the design and operation of high-speed trains.
文摘The longitudinal ventilation strategy is commonly used for road tunnels in urban environment in Sweden.This is partly due to how tunnels in urban environment was planned and designed before the EU Directive[1](2004/54/EC)came in place.Even in new tunnels both to practical and economic reasons the use of longitudinal ventilation has been an outspoken demand from the Swedish road authority,SRA.Swedish law[2]requires that a risk analysis is carried out to demonstrate that an acceptable level of risk is achieved in the tunnels with longitudinal ventilation if there is a risk of queues.Otherwise transverse or semi-transverse ventilation strategy shall be used.During recent development,or a late awakening,it is clear that dense populated areas in Sweden will experience queues.This threatens the foundation of the Swedish modern tunnel safety concept which calls for enhancement.This paper presents the risk-reducing effect of three alternative strategies,enhancements package,focusing on evacuation safety for road users.It is a combination of traffic management,fixed firefighting systems,reduced distance between escape routes and regulation of traffic with dangerous goods.In addition,it provides a comprehensive review of safety system details,combined with a longitudinal ventilation concept.
文摘BACKGROUND Lung ultrasonography is being increasingly used in mechanically ventilated patients to evaluate the lung aeration during incremental positive end expiratory pressure(PEEP)adjustments and to evaluate the weaning process from mechanical ventilation.The effects of PEEP may vary across different lung pathologies and may not consistently correlate with changes in lung aeration as assessed by lung ultrasound scores(LUSs).AIM To assess the role of lung ultrasonography in evaluating lung aeration during the application of PEEP in mechanically ventilated patients with various lung pathologies.METHODS An observational study was conducted over 18 months in a tertiary care hospital.Patients of both genders,aged between 18-75 years,who had been admitted to the intensive care unit,and required mechanical ventilation,were studied.A standard ventilatory strategy was used and incremental levels of PEEP[5,10,and 15 cm water(H_(2)O)]were applied.Baseline characteristics,including oxygen saturation(SpO2),LUS,mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),and their changes with incremental PEEP levels,were recorded and analyzed.RESULTS In this study,45.9%of patients required a PEEP of 5 cm H_(2)O to achieve the endpoint of lung aeration(LUS of 0).In addition,86.5% and 13.5% of patients reached the endpoint of lung aeration at PEEP levels of 10 and 15 cm H_(2)O,respectively.The proportion of patients with higher lung scores decreased significantly with increasing PEEP levels(P<0.001 for 5 and 10 cm H_(2)O and P=0.032 for 15 cm H_(2)O).SpO2 increased significantly with higher PEEP levels(P<0.001),confirming the effectiveness of PEEP in improving oxygenation.The results also revealed a significant increase in HR and a decrease in MAP following the application of higher PEEP levels.CONCLUSION Increasing PEEP levels in mechanically ventilated patients improves lung aeration,which can be effectively assessed using bedside lung ultrasonography.
基金Sichuan Provincial Medical Scientific Research Project(Project No.:s19085)。
文摘Objective:To explore the role of lung ultrasound combined with multi-organ evaluation in assessing the risk of weaning from mechanical ventilation(MV)in severe patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 severe patients admitted to the hospital from December 2022 to December 2024,all of whom underwent MV treatment.Based on weaning status,thirty-eight patients were successfully weaned(success group),and 22 patients failed weaning(failure group).All patients underwent lung ultrasound and multi-organ evaluation.The parameter differences between the two groups were compared,risk factors for weaning risk were evaluated,and a receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was drawn to assess the predictive value of lung ultrasound combined with multi-organ evaluation for weaning risk.Results:The lung ultrasound score(LUS)of the success group was lower than that of the failure group,the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)was higher than that of the failure group,and the diaphragmatic excursion(DE)and diaphragmatic thickening fraction(DTF)were higher than those of the failure group(P<0.05).Multifactor analysis showed that LUS was a risk factor for weaning risk,while LVEF,DE,and DTF were protective factors(P<0.05).The ROC showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of a single parameter for weaning risk was smaller than that of the combined parameters(P<0.05).Conclusion:Lung ultrasound combined with multi-organ evaluation can predict the weaning risk of severe patients undergoing MV treatment,and the diagnostic efficiency of multiple parameters combined evaluation is higher.
基金Funding Statement:This research was conducted as part of the Tech4You Project“Technologies for climate change adaptation and quality of life improvement”,n.ECS0000009,CUP H23C22000370006,Italian PNRR,Mission 4,Component 2,Investment 1.5 funded by the European Union-NextGenerationEU.
文摘Indoor air quality(IAQ)is often overlooked,yet a poorly maintained environment can lead to significant health issues and reduced concentration and productivity in work or educational settings.This study presents an innovative control system for mechanical ventilation specifically designed for university classrooms,with the dual goal of enhancing IAQ and increasing energy efficiency.Two classrooms with distinct construction characteristics were analyzed:one with exterior walls and windows,and the other completely underground.For each classroom,a model was developed using DesignBuilder software,which was calibrated with experimental data regarding CO_(2) concentration,temperature,and relative humidity levels.The proposed ventilation system operates based on CO_(2) concentration,relative humidity,and potential for free heating and cooling.In addition,the analysis was conducted for other locations,demonstrating consistent energy savings across different climates and environments,always showing an annual reduction in energy consumption.Results demonstrate that mechanical ventilation,when integrated with heat recovery and free cooling strategies,significantly reduces energy consumption by up to 25%,while also maintaining optimal CO_(2) levels to enhance comfort and air quality.These findings emphasize the essential need for well-designed mechanical ventilation systems to ensure both psychophysical well-being and IAQ in enclosed spaces,particularly in environments intended for extended occupancy,such as classrooms.Furthermore,this approach has broad applicability,as it could be adapted to various building types,thereby contributing to sustainable energy management practices and promoting healthier indoor spaces.This study serves as a model for future designs aiming to balance energy efficiency with indoor air quality,especially relevant in the post-COVID era,where the importance of indoor air quality has become more widely recognized.
文摘Objective:To investigate the predictive value of diaphragm thickening fraction(DTF)combined with cough peak expiratory flow(CPEF)on the success rate of weaning from mechanical ventilation.Methods:The clinical data of patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation via oral endotracheal intubation in the ICU of our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were studied.All patients underwent a 30-minute spontaneous breathing trial(SBT)using low-level pressure support ventilation(PSV)after meeting the clinical weaning screening criteria.Among them,150 patients who met the clinical weaning criteria were weaned from the ventilator.They were divided into a successful weaning group(n=100)and a failed weaning group(n=50)based on the weaning outcome.Clinical data,including age,gender,APACHE II score,duration of mechanical ventilation,DTF,and CPEF,were collected from 150 patients.The differences in clinical data between the two groups were compared,and the correlation between DTF,CPEF,and the success rate of weaning was analyzed.Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups in gender ratio(χ^(2)=0.884,P=0.347>0.05),age(t=0.350,P=0.727>0.05),and APACHE II score(t=1.295,P=0.197>0.05),but there was a significant difference in the duration of mechanical ventilation(t=3.766,P<0.001).The DTF and CPEF values in the successful weaning group were significantly higher than those in the failed weaning group(P<0.05).ROC curves were drawn to predict the weaning results using DTF,CPEF,and the combination of DTF and CPEF.The results showed that the specificity of the combination of DTF and CPEF was comparable to that of either metric alone,but the sensitivity and AUC were significantly higher than those of either metric alone.Conclusion:The combination of DTF and CPEF can be used as an effective indicator to evaluate the weaning efficacy of mechanically ventilated patients,which has important clinical significance for guiding clinical weaning treatment,improving the success rate of weaning,reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia,and shortening the length of hospital stay.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),Grants No.12072048 to M.L.,12272063,and 11532003 to L.D.partially supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Leading Plan of High-Tech Industry in Hunan Province,China,Grant No.2020SK2018 to L.D.
文摘Background:Mechanical ventilation(MV)provides life support for patients with severe respiratory distress but can simultaneously cause ventilator-induced lung injury(VILI).However,due to a poor understanding of its mechanism,there is still a lack of effective remedies for the often-deadly VILI.Recent studies indicate that the stretch associated with MV can enhance the secretion of extracellular vesicles(EVs)and induce endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in airway smoothmuscle cells(ASMCs),both of which can contribute to VILI.But whetherMVassociated stretch enhances the secretion of EVs via ER stress in ASMCs as an underlying mechanism of VILI remains unknown.Methods:In this study,we exposed cultured human ASMCs to stretch(13%strain)and mouse models to MV at tidal volume(18 mL/kg).Subsequently,the amount of secreted EVs in the culture medium of ASMCs and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of mousemodels was quantitatively evaluated by ultracentrifugation,transmission electron microscopy,Western blot,flow cytometry,and nanoparticle tracking analysis.The cultured ASMCs and the lung tissues of mouse models were assessed for expression of biomarkers of EVs(cluster of differentiation antigen 63,CD63),ER stress(heat shock protein family A member 5,HSPA5),and EVs regulating molecule Rab27a by immunofluorescence microscopy,immunohistochemistry(IHC)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),respectively.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)in EVs from ASMCs were measured with miRNA whole genome sequencing(miRNA-Seq).Results:We found that stretch enhanced EV secretion from cultured ASMCs.In addition,the cultured ASMCs and the mouse models were either or not pretreated with ER stress inhibitor(tauroursodeoxycholic acid,TUDCA)/EV secretion inhibitor(GW4869)prior to stretch or MV.We found that MV-associated stretch enhanced the expression of CD63,HSPA5,and Rab27a in cultured ASMCs and BALF/lung tissues of mousemodels,which could all be attenuated with TUDCA/GW4869 pretreatment.miRNA-Seq data show that differentially expressed miRNAs in EVsmainlymodulate gene transcription.Furthermore,the EVs fromcultured ASMCs under stretch tended to enhance detachment and expression of inflammatory cytokines,i.e.,transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),interleukin-10(IL-10)in cultured airway epithelial cells.The expression of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in BALF of the mouse models also increased in response to MV,which was attenuated together with partial improvement of lung injury by pretreatment with TUDCA,GW4869/Rab27a siRNAs.Conclusion:Taken together,our data indicate thatMV-associated stretch can enhance the secretion of EVs from ASMCs via ER stress signaling to mediate airway inflammation and VILI,which provides new insight for further exploring EVs for the diagnosis and treatment of VILI.
基金supported by the Project of LI Ruiyu National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio(No.[2022]4 issued by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and No.[2024]3 issued by Hebei Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine)the Seventh Batch of National Academic Experience Inheritance Project for Senior Traditional Chinese Medicine Experts(No.[2022]76 issued by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicinethe Scientific Research Project of Hebei Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2025593).
文摘Objectives:To propose a new idea of“lung ventilation and Qi regulation”for preventing and treating lung cancer,and to summarize the corresponding Tongfei Huajie prescription,as a systematic theoretical and practical innovation.Methods:Based on the etiology and pathogenesis of lung cancer,the anatomy,physiology and pathology of the lung,and inspired by the ancient“Tuoyue”(bellows)theory,this study combined the clinical observation of ventilation issues in lung cancer patients.The Tongfei Huajie prescription was formulated following the classic principle of monarch(Jun),minister(Chen),assistant(Zuo),and guide(Shi),and was interpreted with modern pharmacological research.Results:A novel therapeutic concept of“lung ventilation and Qi regulation”was proposed.The corresponding Tongfei Huajie prescription was developed,which has the effects of ventilating the lung,expelling phlegm dampness,tonifying Qi,tonifying the kidney and spleen for lung health,soothing the liver and descending lung Qi,and clearing the heart and moistening the lung.Clinical application has achieved obvious curative effect.Conclusions:This work presents a systematic summary of the innovation in“theory,method,formula and herb”for lung cancer treatment,demonstrating the advantages of Traditional Chinese Medicine in this field.
基金supported by the Regional Science Foundation Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No:82160157)the Beijing High-Level Public Health Technology Talent Construction Project(Project No.:Leading Talents-03-10).
文摘Cardiac arrest(CA)is considered a state of clinical death in which the heart suddenly loses its ability to effectively expel blood,resulting in circulatory and respiratory arrest.CA is often catastrophic for patients,as it can cause serious long-term cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications that affect their quality of life[1].Survey data indicate that the overall incidence rate of intraoperative CA in patients undergoing thoracic surgery in China is currently 0.138%[2].This rate is expected to increase because of the increasing proportion of older individuals(age>60 years)in the population,as well as the increasing pulmonary surgery rates.However,the incidence rate during the perianesthetic period in older patients undergoing thoracic surgery has not yet been comprehensively reported.
