Background:Fruits of Indian gooseberry or Amla or Aonla(Phyllanthus emblica)are important ingredients in many Ayurvedic medicines,but little is known about its leaves.Methods:Different extracts and crude alkaloids of ...Background:Fruits of Indian gooseberry or Amla or Aonla(Phyllanthus emblica)are important ingredients in many Ayurvedic medicines,but little is known about its leaves.Methods:Different extracts and crude alkaloids of P.emblica leaves were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against clinically important microbes using agar well diffusion assay.The antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract(ME)of P.emblica leaves was also compared with similarly prepared methanolic extracts from leaves of Yellow Kaner(Cascabela peruviana),Parijaat or Harsingar(Nyctanthes arbor-tristis),Custard apple(Annona squamosa),Garlic vine(Mansoa alliacea),Shami plant(Prosopis cineraria),Madar(Calotropis gigantea),and Bael(Aegle marmelos).Results:The ME of leaves of P.emblica was the most potent preparation against bacteria and yeast.Of the 338 strains of microbes belonging to 100 species(96 bacteria and four Candida species),the ME of P.emblica inhibited the growth of 300 strains.A total of 84.62%,96.39%,and 100%of 221 G−bacteria,111 G+bacteria,and 6 Candida species strains,respectively,were inhibited by ME of P.emblica leaves at≤36 mg/well.The aqueous extract of P.emblica leaves also inhibited a similar number of bacterial strains,but at higher concentrations,while the ether extract could inhibit only staphylococci.The alkaloid from P.emblica leaves and the ME from leaves of other plants had insignificant antimicrobial activity at similar≤36 mg/well concentration.Conclusion:The study concluded that the ME of P.emblica leaves may be a useful source of a potent,wide-spectrum antimicrobial substance(s).展开更多
AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of repeated dexamethasone implants with real-life data in eyes with naive retinal vein occlusion(RVO)with macular edema(ME)at a minimum of 60mo follow-up.METHODS:In this retr...AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of repeated dexamethasone implants with real-life data in eyes with naive retinal vein occlusion(RVO)with macular edema(ME)at a minimum of 60mo follow-up.METHODS:In this retrospective cohort study,the data about best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),serous macular detachment(SMD),hard exudate,hyperreflective foci(HRF),cystoid degeneration,pearl necklace sign,epiretinal membrane(ERM),disorganization of retinal inner layers(DRIL),ellipsoid zone and external limiting membrane(EZ-ELM)integrity,intraocular pressure(IOP)and lens condition were recorded.RESULTS:Thirty-eight eyes of 38 patients were included in the study.Thirteen patients presented with central RVO(CRVO)and 25 with branch RVO(BRVO).The mean follow-up time was 69.9±15.8mo,and the mean number of injections was 7.9±4.0.The mean BCVA gain was 25.0±36 letters,and this difference was statistically significant(P=0.021).The BCVA gain was 19.4±20.4 letters in the CRVO group,and 26.5±38.6 letters in the BRVO group(P=0.763).Besides,21(55.2%)of the patients achieved≥15 letters improvement.At the end of the follow-up period,SMD was not observed in any of the patients(P=0.016).Hard exudate,HRF number were decreased;while DRIL,ERM and EZ-ELM defects were increased but not significantly.CONCLUSION:Intravitreal dexamethasone monotherapy is an effective and safe treatment option for the treatment-naive RVO-ME patients in the long-term follow-up.展开更多
Visual entailment(VE)is a prototypical task in multimodal visual reasoning,where current methods frequently utilize large language models(LLMs)as the knowledge base to assist in answering questions.These methods heavi...Visual entailment(VE)is a prototypical task in multimodal visual reasoning,where current methods frequently utilize large language models(LLMs)as the knowledge base to assist in answering questions.These methods heavily rely on the textual modality,which inherently cannot capture the full extent of information contained within images.We propose a context-aware visual entailment(CAVE)model,which introduces a novel aggregation module designed to extract high-level semantic features from images.This module integrates lower-level semantic image features into high-level visual tokens,formatting them similarly to text tokens so that they can serve as inputs for LLMs.The CAVE model compensates for the loss of image information and integrates it more effectively with textual comprehension.Additionally,the CAVE model incorporates a new input format and training methodology,which is rooted in instruction tuning and in-context learning techniques.The objective of this research is to maximize the inherent logical reasoning capabilities of LLMs.Experimental results on the E-SNLIVE dataset show that the proposed CAVE model exhibits outstanding performance.展开更多
Repairing the endothelial barrier is essential for maintaining pulmonary fuid balance and regulating leukocyte infiltration during sepsis[1].Tissue kallikrein-related peptidases(KLKs)are secreted serine proteases invo...Repairing the endothelial barrier is essential for maintaining pulmonary fuid balance and regulating leukocyte infiltration during sepsis[1].Tissue kallikrein-related peptidases(KLKs)are secreted serine proteases involved in angiogenesis[2].However,their involvement in regulating endothelial regeneration remains largely unknown.展开更多
基金supported by grants from CAAST-ACLH(NAHEP/CAAST/2018-19)of the ICAR-World Bank-funded National Agricultural Higher Education Project(NAHEP).
文摘Background:Fruits of Indian gooseberry or Amla or Aonla(Phyllanthus emblica)are important ingredients in many Ayurvedic medicines,but little is known about its leaves.Methods:Different extracts and crude alkaloids of P.emblica leaves were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against clinically important microbes using agar well diffusion assay.The antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract(ME)of P.emblica leaves was also compared with similarly prepared methanolic extracts from leaves of Yellow Kaner(Cascabela peruviana),Parijaat or Harsingar(Nyctanthes arbor-tristis),Custard apple(Annona squamosa),Garlic vine(Mansoa alliacea),Shami plant(Prosopis cineraria),Madar(Calotropis gigantea),and Bael(Aegle marmelos).Results:The ME of leaves of P.emblica was the most potent preparation against bacteria and yeast.Of the 338 strains of microbes belonging to 100 species(96 bacteria and four Candida species),the ME of P.emblica inhibited the growth of 300 strains.A total of 84.62%,96.39%,and 100%of 221 G−bacteria,111 G+bacteria,and 6 Candida species strains,respectively,were inhibited by ME of P.emblica leaves at≤36 mg/well.The aqueous extract of P.emblica leaves also inhibited a similar number of bacterial strains,but at higher concentrations,while the ether extract could inhibit only staphylococci.The alkaloid from P.emblica leaves and the ME from leaves of other plants had insignificant antimicrobial activity at similar≤36 mg/well concentration.Conclusion:The study concluded that the ME of P.emblica leaves may be a useful source of a potent,wide-spectrum antimicrobial substance(s).
文摘AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of repeated dexamethasone implants with real-life data in eyes with naive retinal vein occlusion(RVO)with macular edema(ME)at a minimum of 60mo follow-up.METHODS:In this retrospective cohort study,the data about best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),serous macular detachment(SMD),hard exudate,hyperreflective foci(HRF),cystoid degeneration,pearl necklace sign,epiretinal membrane(ERM),disorganization of retinal inner layers(DRIL),ellipsoid zone and external limiting membrane(EZ-ELM)integrity,intraocular pressure(IOP)and lens condition were recorded.RESULTS:Thirty-eight eyes of 38 patients were included in the study.Thirteen patients presented with central RVO(CRVO)and 25 with branch RVO(BRVO).The mean follow-up time was 69.9±15.8mo,and the mean number of injections was 7.9±4.0.The mean BCVA gain was 25.0±36 letters,and this difference was statistically significant(P=0.021).The BCVA gain was 19.4±20.4 letters in the CRVO group,and 26.5±38.6 letters in the BRVO group(P=0.763).Besides,21(55.2%)of the patients achieved≥15 letters improvement.At the end of the follow-up period,SMD was not observed in any of the patients(P=0.016).Hard exudate,HRF number were decreased;while DRIL,ERM and EZ-ELM defects were increased but not significantly.CONCLUSION:Intravitreal dexamethasone monotherapy is an effective and safe treatment option for the treatment-naive RVO-ME patients in the long-term follow-up.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2232021A-10)Shanghai Pujiang Program,China(No.22PJ1423400)。
文摘Visual entailment(VE)is a prototypical task in multimodal visual reasoning,where current methods frequently utilize large language models(LLMs)as the knowledge base to assist in answering questions.These methods heavily rely on the textual modality,which inherently cannot capture the full extent of information contained within images.We propose a context-aware visual entailment(CAVE)model,which introduces a novel aggregation module designed to extract high-level semantic features from images.This module integrates lower-level semantic image features into high-level visual tokens,formatting them similarly to text tokens so that they can serve as inputs for LLMs.The CAVE model compensates for the loss of image information and integrates it more effectively with textual comprehension.Additionally,the CAVE model incorporates a new input format and training methodology,which is rooted in instruction tuning and in-context learning techniques.The objective of this research is to maximize the inherent logical reasoning capabilities of LLMs.Experimental results on the E-SNLIVE dataset show that the proposed CAVE model exhibits outstanding performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:32171124,31871156,31971101,32271180,82272229,and 81471852)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:2021JJ31058).
文摘Repairing the endothelial barrier is essential for maintaining pulmonary fuid balance and regulating leukocyte infiltration during sepsis[1].Tissue kallikrein-related peptidases(KLKs)are secreted serine proteases involved in angiogenesis[2].However,their involvement in regulating endothelial regeneration remains largely unknown.
