The vasa vasorum of carotid artery plaque is a novel marker of accurately evaluating the vulnerability of carotid artery plaque, which was associated with symptomatic cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease. The pr...The vasa vasorum of carotid artery plaque is a novel marker of accurately evaluating the vulnerability of carotid artery plaque, which was associated with symptomatic cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease. The presence of ultrasound contrast agents in carotid artery plaque represents the presence of the vasa vasorum in carotid artery plaque because the ultrasoundcontrast agents are strict intravascular tracers. Therefore, contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) is a novel and safe imaging modality for evaluating the vasa vasorum in carotid artery plaque. However, there are some issues that needs to be assessed to embody fully the clinical utility of the vasa vasorum in carotid artery plaque with CEUS.展开更多
AIM: To explore the relationship between metastasis and vagina vasorum in the progress of gastric carcinoma and to find some facts and references for gastric surgeons. METHODS: One hundred and seven specimens of left ...AIM: To explore the relationship between metastasis and vagina vasorum in the progress of gastric carcinoma and to find some facts and references for gastric surgeons. METHODS: One hundred and seven specimens of left or right gastric arteries (55 left and 52 right) were gathered from 59 patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma. All the frozen specimens were cut into 3 μm-thick sections and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical method separately. Cytokeratin (CK) and mesothelial cells (MC) were stained with immunohistochemical method. Cancer cells inside vagina vasorum were detected and the structure of artery wall was observed under microscope. RESULTS: Metastatic cancer cells or tubercles were found inside vagina vasorum in some stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ specimens, but not in stageⅠor Ⅱ specimens. Tumor cells in vagina vasorum were CK positive in 26 specimens of 14 tumors. Among them, stage Ⅲ was found in 4 specimens of 2 tumors, and stage Ⅳ in 22 specimens of 12 tumors. None of these specimens was positive for MC. The positive rate of CK increased with TNM staging. Compared with the lower part, tumors in the upper and middle parts of stomach were more likely to metastasize into vagina vasorum. CONCLUSION: Vagina vasorum dissection should be performed during D2 lymphadenectomy for TNM stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ gastric carcinoma.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of adventitial vasa vasorum in artery remodeling during the process of pulmonary artery hypertension(PAH),we checked the small heat shock protein 27/25(HSPB1)whether involved in patho...OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of adventitial vasa vasorum in artery remodeling during the process of pulmonary artery hypertension(PAH),we checked the small heat shock protein 27/25(HSPB1)whether involved in pathological basis of vascular remodeling.METHODS We explored the potential role of HSPB1 interacts with ectopic F1Fo-ATPase in the pulmonary vascular remodeling,investigate its effects on the endothelium cell dynamic,and further reveal its possible molecular mechanisms using hypoxic pulmonary hypertension rat model,transgenic mice and pulmonary adventitial vasa vasorum endothelial cell culture in vitro.RESULTS Our studies have shown that HSPB1 improves adventitial vasa vasorum angiogenesis and remodeling.We found that hypoxia induces-HSPB1 upregulation and HSPB1 interact with ectopic F1Fo-ATPase modulate adventitial vasa vasorum endothelial cell proliferation,migration and tube formation.And the inhibition of HSPB1can reverse the vascular inflammation and fibrosis amazingly.CONCLUSION Adventitial vasa vasorum plays an important role in vascular remodeling,and small heat shock protein 27/25 was involved in a variety of diseases during the development of PAH,which could an efficient therapeutic targets and prevention strategy for PAH clinical.展开更多
Background：Accumulating evidence indicates a potential role of adventitial vasa vasorum （VV） dysfunction in the pathophysiology of restenosis.However,characterization ofVV vascularization in restenotic arteries wit...Background：Accumulating evidence indicates a potential role of adventitial vasa vasorum （VV） dysfunction in the pathophysiology of restenosis.However,characterization ofVV vascularization in restenotic arteries with primary lesions is still missing.In this study,we quantitatively evaluated the response of adventitial VV to vascular injury resulting from balloon angioplasty in diseased arteries.Methods：Primary atherosclerotic-like lesions were induced by the placement of an absorbable thread surrounding the carotid artery of New Zealand rabbits.Four weeks following double-injury induced that was induced by secondary balloon dilation,three-dimensional patterns of adventitial VV were reconstructed;the number,density,and endothelial surface of VV were quantified using micro-computed tomography.Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed in order to examine the development of intimal hyperplasia.Results：Results from our study suggest that double injured arteries have a greater number of VV,increased luminal surface,and an elevation in the intima/media ratio （I/M）,along with an accumulation ofmacrophages and smooth muscle cells in the intima,as compared to sham or single injury arteries.I/M and the number of VV were positively correlated （R^2 =0.82,P 〈 0.001）.Conclusions：Extensive adventitial VV neovascularization occurs in injured arteries after balloon angioplasty,which is associated with intimal hyperplasia.Quantitative assessment of adventitial VV response may provide insight into the basic biological process of postangioplasty restenosis.展开更多
AIM:To verify in vivo relevance of the categorization of human vascular endothelial cells(VECs)into type-I(proproliferative)and type-II(anti-proliferative).METHODS:Endothelial layers of murine femoral arteries were re...AIM:To verify in vivo relevance of the categorization of human vascular endothelial cells(VECs)into type-I(proproliferative)and type-II(anti-proliferative).METHODS:Endothelial layers of murine femoral arteries were removed by wire injury(WI)operation,a common technique to induce arteriostenosis.Type-I and type-II VECs produced from human induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs),whose characters were previously determined by their effects on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in in vitro co-culture experiments,were mixed with Matrigel?Matrix.The mixtures were injected into subcutaneous spaces around WI-operated femoral arteries for the transplanted human iPSC-derived VECs(iPSdECs)to take a route to the luminal surface via vasa vasorum,a nutrient microvessel for larger arteries.Histologies of the femoral arteries were examined over time.The presence of human iPSdECs was checked by immunostaining studies using an antibody that specifically recognizes human VECs.Degrees of stenosis of the femoral arteries were calculated after three weeks.To determine the optimal experimental condition,xenotransplantation experiments were performed under various conditions using immunocompromised mice as well as immunocompetent mice with or without administration of immunosuppressants.RESULTS:Because immunocompromised mice showed unexpected resistance to WI-induced arteriostenosis,we performed xenotransplantation experiments using immunocompetent mice along with immunosuppressant administrations.After one week,luminal surfaces of the WI-operated arteries were completely covered by human iPSdECs,showing the efficacy of our novel transplantation technique.After three weeks,type-IiPSdECs-transplanted arteries underwent total stenosis,while type-II-iPSdECs-transplanted arteries remained intact.However,untransplanted arteries of immunosuppressant-treated mice also remained intact by unknown reasons.We found that transplanted human VECs had already been replaced by murine endothelial cells by this time,indicating that a transient existence of human type-II-iPSdECs on arterial luminal surfaces can sufficiently prevent the development of stenosis.Thus,we re-performed xenotransplantation experiments using immunocompetent mice without administrating immunosuppressants and found that arteriostenosis was accelerated or prevented by transplantation of type-I or type-II iPSdECs,respectively.Similar results were obtained from the experiments using human embryonic stem cell-derived VECs at early passages(i.e.,type-II)and late passages(i.e.,type-I).CONCLUSION:Pro-and anti-stenosis capacities of type-I and type-II human iPSdECs were verified,respectively,promising a therapeutic application of allogenic iPSdECs.展开更多
文摘The vasa vasorum of carotid artery plaque is a novel marker of accurately evaluating the vulnerability of carotid artery plaque, which was associated with symptomatic cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease. The presence of ultrasound contrast agents in carotid artery plaque represents the presence of the vasa vasorum in carotid artery plaque because the ultrasoundcontrast agents are strict intravascular tracers. Therefore, contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) is a novel and safe imaging modality for evaluating the vasa vasorum in carotid artery plaque. However, there are some issues that needs to be assessed to embody fully the clinical utility of the vasa vasorum in carotid artery plaque with CEUS.
文摘AIM: To explore the relationship between metastasis and vagina vasorum in the progress of gastric carcinoma and to find some facts and references for gastric surgeons. METHODS: One hundred and seven specimens of left or right gastric arteries (55 left and 52 right) were gathered from 59 patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma. All the frozen specimens were cut into 3 μm-thick sections and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical method separately. Cytokeratin (CK) and mesothelial cells (MC) were stained with immunohistochemical method. Cancer cells inside vagina vasorum were detected and the structure of artery wall was observed under microscope. RESULTS: Metastatic cancer cells or tubercles were found inside vagina vasorum in some stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ specimens, but not in stageⅠor Ⅱ specimens. Tumor cells in vagina vasorum were CK positive in 26 specimens of 14 tumors. Among them, stage Ⅲ was found in 4 specimens of 2 tumors, and stage Ⅳ in 22 specimens of 12 tumors. None of these specimens was positive for MC. The positive rate of CK increased with TNM staging. Compared with the lower part, tumors in the upper and middle parts of stomach were more likely to metastasize into vagina vasorum. CONCLUSION: Vagina vasorum dissection should be performed during D2 lymphadenectomy for TNM stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ gastric carcinoma.
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of adventitial vasa vasorum in artery remodeling during the process of pulmonary artery hypertension(PAH),we checked the small heat shock protein 27/25(HSPB1)whether involved in pathological basis of vascular remodeling.METHODS We explored the potential role of HSPB1 interacts with ectopic F1Fo-ATPase in the pulmonary vascular remodeling,investigate its effects on the endothelium cell dynamic,and further reveal its possible molecular mechanisms using hypoxic pulmonary hypertension rat model,transgenic mice and pulmonary adventitial vasa vasorum endothelial cell culture in vitro.RESULTS Our studies have shown that HSPB1 improves adventitial vasa vasorum angiogenesis and remodeling.We found that hypoxia induces-HSPB1 upregulation and HSPB1 interact with ectopic F1Fo-ATPase modulate adventitial vasa vasorum endothelial cell proliferation,migration and tube formation.And the inhibition of HSPB1can reverse the vascular inflammation and fibrosis amazingly.CONCLUSION Adventitial vasa vasorum plays an important role in vascular remodeling,and small heat shock protein 27/25 was involved in a variety of diseases during the development of PAH,which could an efficient therapeutic targets and prevention strategy for PAH clinical.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai （Grant 102RZ1418800）.ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank Guang-Peng Liu for performing the micro-CT scans and image reconstruction. Drs. Meng Ye, Hao Zhang, and Bai-Gen Zhang contributed significant intellectual input to the design of the experiments. Drs. Meng Ye, Guang-Peng Liu, Xu-Ping Xie and Hai-Jiang Jin designed the study protocol and conducted all animal experiments. Drs. Meng Ye and Min Ye performed the data analyses and wrote this manuscript. Dr. Ji-Wei Zhang approved the final version of the manuscript. Finally, we would like to thank Medjaden Bioscience Limited for assisting in the preparation of this manuscript.
文摘Background：Accumulating evidence indicates a potential role of adventitial vasa vasorum （VV） dysfunction in the pathophysiology of restenosis.However,characterization ofVV vascularization in restenotic arteries with primary lesions is still missing.In this study,we quantitatively evaluated the response of adventitial VV to vascular injury resulting from balloon angioplasty in diseased arteries.Methods：Primary atherosclerotic-like lesions were induced by the placement of an absorbable thread surrounding the carotid artery of New Zealand rabbits.Four weeks following double-injury induced that was induced by secondary balloon dilation,three-dimensional patterns of adventitial VV were reconstructed;the number,density,and endothelial surface of VV were quantified using micro-computed tomography.Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed in order to examine the development of intimal hyperplasia.Results：Results from our study suggest that double injured arteries have a greater number of VV,increased luminal surface,and an elevation in the intima/media ratio （I/M）,along with an accumulation ofmacrophages and smooth muscle cells in the intima,as compared to sham or single injury arteries.I/M and the number of VV were positively correlated （R^2 =0.82,P 〈 0.001）.Conclusions：Extensive adventitial VV neovascularization occurs in injured arteries after balloon angioplasty,which is associated with intimal hyperplasia.Quantitative assessment of adventitial VV response may provide insight into the basic biological process of postangioplasty restenosis.
基金Supported by Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of HealthLabour and Welfare of Japan(KHD1017)+1 种基金by that from JSTPRESTO
文摘AIM:To verify in vivo relevance of the categorization of human vascular endothelial cells(VECs)into type-I(proproliferative)and type-II(anti-proliferative).METHODS:Endothelial layers of murine femoral arteries were removed by wire injury(WI)operation,a common technique to induce arteriostenosis.Type-I and type-II VECs produced from human induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs),whose characters were previously determined by their effects on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in in vitro co-culture experiments,were mixed with Matrigel?Matrix.The mixtures were injected into subcutaneous spaces around WI-operated femoral arteries for the transplanted human iPSC-derived VECs(iPSdECs)to take a route to the luminal surface via vasa vasorum,a nutrient microvessel for larger arteries.Histologies of the femoral arteries were examined over time.The presence of human iPSdECs was checked by immunostaining studies using an antibody that specifically recognizes human VECs.Degrees of stenosis of the femoral arteries were calculated after three weeks.To determine the optimal experimental condition,xenotransplantation experiments were performed under various conditions using immunocompromised mice as well as immunocompetent mice with or without administration of immunosuppressants.RESULTS:Because immunocompromised mice showed unexpected resistance to WI-induced arteriostenosis,we performed xenotransplantation experiments using immunocompetent mice along with immunosuppressant administrations.After one week,luminal surfaces of the WI-operated arteries were completely covered by human iPSdECs,showing the efficacy of our novel transplantation technique.After three weeks,type-IiPSdECs-transplanted arteries underwent total stenosis,while type-II-iPSdECs-transplanted arteries remained intact.However,untransplanted arteries of immunosuppressant-treated mice also remained intact by unknown reasons.We found that transplanted human VECs had already been replaced by murine endothelial cells by this time,indicating that a transient existence of human type-II-iPSdECs on arterial luminal surfaces can sufficiently prevent the development of stenosis.Thus,we re-performed xenotransplantation experiments using immunocompetent mice without administrating immunosuppressants and found that arteriostenosis was accelerated or prevented by transplantation of type-I or type-II iPSdECs,respectively.Similar results were obtained from the experiments using human embryonic stem cell-derived VECs at early passages(i.e.,type-II)and late passages(i.e.,type-I).CONCLUSION:Pro-and anti-stenosis capacities of type-I and type-II human iPSdECs were verified,respectively,promising a therapeutic application of allogenic iPSdECs.
