BACKGROUND Death anxiety(DA)is a prevalent psychological challenge among oncology nurses that affects their emotional well-being and professional competence in coping with death-related situations.Death-related attitu...BACKGROUND Death anxiety(DA)is a prevalent psychological challenge among oncology nurses that affects their emotional well-being and professional competence in coping with death-related situations.Death-related attitudes and resilience are critical factors that may mediate the relationship between DA and coping with death competence(CDC).However,few studies have examined the chain-mediating effect of these factors among Chinese oncology nurses.This study aimed to investigate the association between DA and CDC among Chinese oncology nurses,with a focus on the mediating roles of death attitude and resilience.AIM To investigate the association between DA and CDC among Chinese oncology nurses.using an electronic questionnaire distributed in Wenjuanxing,China.In total,615 valid responses were obtained.The participants completed the Templer death anxiety scale,death attitude profile-revised,Connor-Davidson resilience scale,and coping with death scale.A chain mediation analysis was performed using the PROCESS macro in SPSS to examine the relationships between these variables.RESULTS The findings indicated that DA had a significant direct effect on CDC[effect=0.201,95%confidence interval(CI):0.112-0.322].In addition to this direct effect,three significant indirect pathways were observed:(1)Death attitude(effect=0.118,95%CI:0.056-0.163);(2)Resilience(effect=0.108,95%CI:0.032-0.176);and(3)A sequential mediation pathway involving both death attitude and resilience(effect=0.071,95%CI:0.042-0.123).The total indirect effects of the three mediation paths accounted for 29.7%of the relationship between DA and CDC.CONCLUSION Using a chain mediation model,this study explored the mechanisms linking DA,death attitude,resilience,and CDC among Chinese oncology nurses.These findings highlighted the crucial role of death attitude and resilience in mediating the relationship between DA and CDC.Interventions aimed at fostering adaptive attitudes toward death and enhancing resilience may improve nurses’ability to cope with death-related stressors,ultimately benefiting their psychological well-being and professional competence.展开更多
Since the theory of communicative competence was put forward by Canale and Swain,there have been teaching professionals developing it to different models,three of which are reviewed in this essay.
Against the backdrop of globalization and deepening international cooperation,countries are putting forward higher demands on the global competence of talents.In this context,college English teaching,as an important p...Against the backdrop of globalization and deepening international cooperation,countries are putting forward higher demands on the global competence of talents.In this context,college English teaching,as an important part of the higher education system,faces the challenge of cultivating globally competent talents.This study analyzes the core components of global competence through literature review,analyzes the deficiencies in existing college English teaching,and aims to explore and construct a college English teaching model that is compatible with the global competence framework.This study explores how to integrate global competency development into college English teaching from three aspects:curriculum content,teaching methodology,and assessment system.We expect that the proposed teaching model can effectively improve students’English application skills,intercultural communication skills,and critical thinking skills,so as to better meet the demand for global competence in the context of globalization.展开更多
Integrating local cultural resources into language teaching is a significant trend in fostering students’core competencies.This study addresses the challenge of effectively implementing China’s educational policy of...Integrating local cultural resources into language teaching is a significant trend in fostering students’core competencies.This study addresses the challenge of effectively implementing China’s educational policy of“Core Competencies for English as a Subject”in middle school classrooms by leveraging the unique revolutionary(“Red”)culture of Tangshan City.The research developed and tested a pedagogical model that utilizes Tangshan’s rich Red Culture heritage-such as the Kailuan Miners’Movement and the Xifengkou Great Wall Resistance relics-as authentic content for English language learning.Employing a mixed-methods approach,including literature review,fieldwork,action research,and case analysis in partner middle schools,the project involved designing thematic teaching resources(e.g.,lesson plans,micro-lectures)and implementing interactive activities like role-playing and project-based learning.Findings indicate that this localized approach significantly enhanced students’engagement,cultural awareness,critical thinking,and language application skills,effectively addressing the four dimensions of English core competencies:language ability,cultural awareness,thinking capacity,and learning ability.The study concludes that the“Local Culture-Integrated Core Competency Model”provides a practical,replicable framework for synergizing values education with language acquisition.It offers valuable insights for educators worldwide seeking to incorporate local history and values into foreign language curricula,promoting deeper contextual learning.展开更多
AIM： To investigate and test a causal model derivedfrom previous meta-analytic data of health provider be-haviors and patient satisfaction.METHODS： A literature search was conducted forrelevant manuscripts that met ...AIM： To investigate and test a causal model derivedfrom previous meta-analytic data of health provider be-haviors and patient satisfaction.METHODS： A literature search was conducted forrelevant manuscripts that met the following criteria：Reported an analysis of provider-patient interaction inthe context of an oncology interview; the study hadto measure at least two of the variables of interest tothe model （provider activity, provider patient-centeredcommunication, provider facilitative communication,patient activity, patient involvement, and patient satis-faction or reduced anxiety）; and the information had tobe reported in a manner that permitted the calculationof a zero-order correlation between at least two of thevariables under consideration. Data were transformedinto correlation coefficients and compiled to producethe correlation matrix used for data analysis. The test of the causal model is a comparison of the expected correlation matrix generated using an Ordinary Least Squares method of estimation. The expected matrix iscompared to the actual matrix of zero order correlation coeffcients. A model is considered a possible ft if the level of deviation is less than expected due to random sampling error as measured by a chi-square statistic. The signifcance of the path coeffcients was tested us-ing a z test. Lastly, the Sobel test provides a test of the level of mediation provided by a variable and provides an estimate of the level of mediation for each connec-tion. Such a test is warranted in models with multiple paths.RESULTS： A test of the original model indicated a lack of ft with the summary data. The largest discrepancy in the model was between the patient satisfaction and the provider patient-centered utterances. The observed correlation was far larger than expected given a medi-ated relationship. The test of a modifed model was un-dertaken to determine possible ft. The corrected model provides a fit to within tolerance as evaluated by the test statistic, χ2 （8, average n = 342） = 10.22. Each of the path coefficients for the model reveals that each one can be considered signifcant, P 〈 0.05. The Sobel test examining the impact of the mediating variables demonstrated that patient involvement is a signifcantmediator in the model, Sobel statistic = 3.56, P 〈 0.05. Patient active was also demonstrated to be a signifcant mediator in the model, Sobel statistic = 4.21, P 〈 0.05. The statistics indicate that patient behavior mediates the relationship between provider behavior and patient satisfaction with the interaction.CONCLUSION： The results demonstrate empirical support for the importance of patient-centered care and satisfy the need for empirical casual support of provider-patient behaviors on health outcomes.展开更多
On the basis of the dyeing and weaving corporations’ characters,this paper put forward the dimensionality and index system to analyze the core competence. This paper divided the core competence into three layers and ...On the basis of the dyeing and weaving corporations’ characters,this paper put forward the dimensionality and index system to analyze the core competence. This paper divided the core competence into three layers and gave out the Dimensional-Hierarchical structure of core competence through combining the analysis dimensionalities with the competence layers. The model was described to evaluate,analyze and judge the dyeing and weaving corporation’s competence.展开更多
Based on the competency model building theory, a literature review, a behavioral event interview and statistical analysis were used in this study to build a competency model for pharmacists in China. The competency mo...Based on the competency model building theory, a literature review, a behavioral event interview and statistical analysis were used in this study to build a competency model for pharmacists in China. The competency model framework for pharmacists included five dimensions of characteristics, consisting of 25 competency elements of pharmacists, such as the general competency elements that all pharmacists should possess and outstanding competency elements that community pharmacists and hospital pharmacists should possess. This newly constructed competency model for pharmacists helped develop and cultivate the abilities of future Chinese pharmacists.展开更多
Grammar-translation teaching method(GTTM as a shorthand below) has long been a buzzword when it is adopted in the class of English as a foreign language.It has been universally acknowledged that such teaching method c...Grammar-translation teaching method(GTTM as a shorthand below) has long been a buzzword when it is adopted in the class of English as a foreign language.It has been universally acknowledged that such teaching method contradicts the development of communicative language competence advocated in recent decades.However,I positively argue that GTTM in English class,as a comparative and intercultural model,should be given a due reconsideration to improve L2 learners' pragmatic competence.展开更多
English language learners' pragmatic competence is related to their success incross-cultural communication. Cognitive approaches, mainly the Noticing Hypothesis and Analysis/Control Model, have provided some insig...English language learners' pragmatic competence is related to their success incross-cultural communication. Cognitive approaches, mainly the Noticing Hypothesis and Analysis/Control Model, have provided some insights into the question of how to effectively develop second language(L2) learners' pragmatic competence. Empirical studies based on cognitive theoretical constructs suggest that pragmatic activitiesthat draw learners' attention and help them control attention to relevant and appropriate information and integrate those forms in real time of communication contribute to the development of interlanguage pragmatic competence.展开更多
This paper presents a new perspective on the nature of destination competition in spatial interaction models. The concept of destinations competing with one another on the basis of their spatial proximity to each othe...This paper presents a new perspective on the nature of destination competition in spatial interaction models. The concept of destinations competing with one another on the basis of their spatial proximity to each other is compared with an alternative point of view which argues that competition takes place on the basis of similarities in the spatial influences of competing destinations on decision makers at origins. Potential movers at an origin are facing a set of destinations which compete for their attention. This paper argues that the movers' choices are conditioned by the relative size and number of influences they see (where influence is directly proportional to destination size and inversely proportional to distance). A small amount of supporting empirical evidence concerning recreational day trips, and population migration, is presented.展开更多
The competency model is a widely-used human resource management tool that can be applied to human resource management in different regions,different fields,different enterprises,and positions of different nature,which...The competency model is a widely-used human resource management tool that can be applied to human resource management in different regions,different fields,different enterprises,and positions of different nature,which can improve the objectivity,reliability,authenticity and fairness of enterprise human resource management,give full play to the promotion of human resource management to the development of enterprise operations,and help enterprises achieve development and manage-ment goals.展开更多
Vocabulary knowledge is an important component of the writing skill and it has many dimensions, such as size, depth, and productive, in interaction with writing skill. To evaluate this relation and determine which dim...Vocabulary knowledge is an important component of the writing skill and it has many dimensions, such as size, depth, and productive, in interaction with writing skill. To evaluate this relation and determine which dimension is the most effective for second language writing quality, the present study was conducted. Turkish EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners＇ lexical competence and writing abilities were examined through their vocabulary profiles and academic essays. The results of each vocabulary measure indicated that the participants had a limited vocabulary size, containing words mostly from 2,000 to 3,000 frequency bands and thus, the productive vocabulary knowledge of the participants mostly consisted of lk ＋ 2k words and the use of academic words in their essays was very low. The results of the study revealed that the lexical competence covering the main components of vocabulary knowledge was a good predictor of the students＇ quality of writing performance.展开更多
Middle censoring is an important censoring scheme,in which the actual failure data of an observation becomes unobservable if it falls into a random interval. This paper considers the statistical analysis of the depend...Middle censoring is an important censoring scheme,in which the actual failure data of an observation becomes unobservable if it falls into a random interval. This paper considers the statistical analysis of the dependent competing risks model by using the Marshall-Olkin bivariate Weibull(MOBW) distribution.The maximum likelihood estimations(MLEs), midpoint approximation(MPA) estimations and approximate confidence intervals(ACIs) of the unknown parameters are obtained. In addition, the Bayes approach is also considered based on the Gamma-Dirichlet prior of the scale parameters, with the given shape parameter.The acceptance-rejection sampling method is used to obtain the Bayes estimations and construct credible intervals(CIs). Finally,two numerical examples are used to show the performance of the proposed methods.展开更多
Various mouse models to study dengue have been described by different authors, some of them using immunodeficient or some using humanized mice. Our group reported previously a deadly murine model, which used the intra...Various mouse models to study dengue have been described by different authors, some of them using immunodeficient or some using humanized mice. Our group reported previously a deadly murine model, which used the intracranial inoculum of highly virulent Dengue virus (DENV) in immune competent mouse. Here we present a model of immune competent mouse (C57BL/6), infected subcutaneously by the same highly virulent DENV (DENV3 genotype I). In this immunocompetent systemic mice model, the cytokine levels and hematological parameters such as total and differential leukocyte and platelets counts, together with weight loss, were considered important monitoring parameters, allowing a better understanding of the systemic human disease. Mice were inoculated subcutaneously and evaluated by the percentage weight variation as well as the clinical signs. Hematological parameters and cytokines levels were measured and viral titration in brain tissue or serum neutralization was performed to confirm mice infection. The subcutaneously DENV inoculated mice showed weight loss after infection, but they did not show any other clinical signs. The leukocytes and platelets decreased after subcutaneous inoculation. The cytokines TNF alpha and IFN gamma increased after infection in mice. The subcutaneous model provided scope for improved understanding of the dengue pathogenesis, as well as possible mechanism for protection to subsequent mouse infected by intracranial route in mice. This model could be used to study the vertebrate immune response and evaluation of drugs or vaccine against dengue virus.展开更多
We consider the model selection problem of the dependency between the?terminal event and the non-terminal event under semi-competing risks data. When the relationship between the two events is unspecified, the inferen...We consider the model selection problem of the dependency between the?terminal event and the non-terminal event under semi-competing risks data. When the relationship between the two events is unspecified, the inference on the non-terminal event is not identifiable. We cannot make inference on the non-terminal event without extra assumptions. Thus, an association model for?semi-competing risks data is necessary, and it is important to select an appropriate dependence model for a data set. We construct the likelihood function for semi-competing risks data to select an appropriate dependence model. From?simulation studies, it shows the performance of the proposed approach is well. Finally, we apply our method to a bone marrow transplant data set.展开更多
Dependent competing risks model is a practical model in the analysis of lifetime and failure modes.The dependence can be captured using a statistical tool to explore the re-lationship among failure causes.In this pape...Dependent competing risks model is a practical model in the analysis of lifetime and failure modes.The dependence can be captured using a statistical tool to explore the re-lationship among failure causes.In this paper,an Archimedean copula is chosen to describe the dependence in a constant-stress accelerated life test.We study the Archimedean copula based dependent competing risks model using parametric and nonparametric methods.The parametric likelihood inference is presented by deriving the general expression of likelihood function based on assumed survival Archimedean copula associated with the model parameter estimation.Combining the nonparametric estimation with progressive censoring and the non-parametric copula estimation,we introduce a nonparametric reliability estimation method given competing risks data.A simulation study and a real data analysis are conducted to show the performance of the estimation methods.展开更多
基金Supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.2025JJ80410.
文摘BACKGROUND Death anxiety(DA)is a prevalent psychological challenge among oncology nurses that affects their emotional well-being and professional competence in coping with death-related situations.Death-related attitudes and resilience are critical factors that may mediate the relationship between DA and coping with death competence(CDC).However,few studies have examined the chain-mediating effect of these factors among Chinese oncology nurses.This study aimed to investigate the association between DA and CDC among Chinese oncology nurses,with a focus on the mediating roles of death attitude and resilience.AIM To investigate the association between DA and CDC among Chinese oncology nurses.using an electronic questionnaire distributed in Wenjuanxing,China.In total,615 valid responses were obtained.The participants completed the Templer death anxiety scale,death attitude profile-revised,Connor-Davidson resilience scale,and coping with death scale.A chain mediation analysis was performed using the PROCESS macro in SPSS to examine the relationships between these variables.RESULTS The findings indicated that DA had a significant direct effect on CDC[effect=0.201,95%confidence interval(CI):0.112-0.322].In addition to this direct effect,three significant indirect pathways were observed:(1)Death attitude(effect=0.118,95%CI:0.056-0.163);(2)Resilience(effect=0.108,95%CI:0.032-0.176);and(3)A sequential mediation pathway involving both death attitude and resilience(effect=0.071,95%CI:0.042-0.123).The total indirect effects of the three mediation paths accounted for 29.7%of the relationship between DA and CDC.CONCLUSION Using a chain mediation model,this study explored the mechanisms linking DA,death attitude,resilience,and CDC among Chinese oncology nurses.These findings highlighted the crucial role of death attitude and resilience in mediating the relationship between DA and CDC.Interventions aimed at fostering adaptive attitudes toward death and enhancing resilience may improve nurses’ability to cope with death-related stressors,ultimately benefiting their psychological well-being and professional competence.
文摘Since the theory of communicative competence was put forward by Canale and Swain,there have been teaching professionals developing it to different models,three of which are reviewed in this essay.
基金sponsored by Department of Education of Hubei Province,in the name of“Key Project of Hubei Provincial Education Science Planning:Research on the Construction and Practice of a New Ecology of English Intelligent Education Empowered by Digital-Intelligence Integration”(Grant Fund No.2023GA017).
文摘Against the backdrop of globalization and deepening international cooperation,countries are putting forward higher demands on the global competence of talents.In this context,college English teaching,as an important part of the higher education system,faces the challenge of cultivating globally competent talents.This study analyzes the core components of global competence through literature review,analyzes the deficiencies in existing college English teaching,and aims to explore and construct a college English teaching model that is compatible with the global competence framework.This study explores how to integrate global competency development into college English teaching from three aspects:curriculum content,teaching methodology,and assessment system.We expect that the proposed teaching model can effectively improve students’English application skills,intercultural communication skills,and critical thinking skills,so as to better meet the demand for global competence in the context of globalization.
基金2025 Tangshan Normal University School-level Scientific Research Project“Cultivating Core Competencies in English through Local Red Culture:A Tangshan-Based Pedagogical Model for Middle School Students”(20251123037)2025 Tangshan Social Science Development Research Project“A Study on Integrating Chinese Traditional Culture Education into Junior High School English Classes in Tangshan City”(TSSKL2025-155)。
文摘Integrating local cultural resources into language teaching is a significant trend in fostering students’core competencies.This study addresses the challenge of effectively implementing China’s educational policy of“Core Competencies for English as a Subject”in middle school classrooms by leveraging the unique revolutionary(“Red”)culture of Tangshan City.The research developed and tested a pedagogical model that utilizes Tangshan’s rich Red Culture heritage-such as the Kailuan Miners’Movement and the Xifengkou Great Wall Resistance relics-as authentic content for English language learning.Employing a mixed-methods approach,including literature review,fieldwork,action research,and case analysis in partner middle schools,the project involved designing thematic teaching resources(e.g.,lesson plans,micro-lectures)and implementing interactive activities like role-playing and project-based learning.Findings indicate that this localized approach significantly enhanced students’engagement,cultural awareness,critical thinking,and language application skills,effectively addressing the four dimensions of English core competencies:language ability,cultural awareness,thinking capacity,and learning ability.The study concludes that the“Local Culture-Integrated Core Competency Model”provides a practical,replicable framework for synergizing values education with language acquisition.It offers valuable insights for educators worldwide seeking to incorporate local history and values into foreign language curricula,promoting deeper contextual learning.
文摘AIM： To investigate and test a causal model derivedfrom previous meta-analytic data of health provider be-haviors and patient satisfaction.METHODS： A literature search was conducted forrelevant manuscripts that met the following criteria：Reported an analysis of provider-patient interaction inthe context of an oncology interview; the study hadto measure at least two of the variables of interest tothe model （provider activity, provider patient-centeredcommunication, provider facilitative communication,patient activity, patient involvement, and patient satis-faction or reduced anxiety）; and the information had tobe reported in a manner that permitted the calculationof a zero-order correlation between at least two of thevariables under consideration. Data were transformedinto correlation coefficients and compiled to producethe correlation matrix used for data analysis. The test of the causal model is a comparison of the expected correlation matrix generated using an Ordinary Least Squares method of estimation. The expected matrix iscompared to the actual matrix of zero order correlation coeffcients. A model is considered a possible ft if the level of deviation is less than expected due to random sampling error as measured by a chi-square statistic. The signifcance of the path coeffcients was tested us-ing a z test. Lastly, the Sobel test provides a test of the level of mediation provided by a variable and provides an estimate of the level of mediation for each connec-tion. Such a test is warranted in models with multiple paths.RESULTS： A test of the original model indicated a lack of ft with the summary data. The largest discrepancy in the model was between the patient satisfaction and the provider patient-centered utterances. The observed correlation was far larger than expected given a medi-ated relationship. The test of a modifed model was un-dertaken to determine possible ft. The corrected model provides a fit to within tolerance as evaluated by the test statistic, χ2 （8, average n = 342） = 10.22. Each of the path coefficients for the model reveals that each one can be considered signifcant, P 〈 0.05. The Sobel test examining the impact of the mediating variables demonstrated that patient involvement is a signifcantmediator in the model, Sobel statistic = 3.56, P 〈 0.05. Patient active was also demonstrated to be a signifcant mediator in the model, Sobel statistic = 4.21, P 〈 0.05. The statistics indicate that patient behavior mediates the relationship between provider behavior and patient satisfaction with the interaction.CONCLUSION： The results demonstrate empirical support for the importance of patient-centered care and satisfy the need for empirical casual support of provider-patient behaviors on health outcomes.
文摘On the basis of the dyeing and weaving corporations’ characters,this paper put forward the dimensionality and index system to analyze the core competence. This paper divided the core competence into three layers and gave out the Dimensional-Hierarchical structure of core competence through combining the analysis dimensionalities with the competence layers. The model was described to evaluate,analyze and judge the dyeing and weaving corporation’s competence.
文摘Based on the competency model building theory, a literature review, a behavioral event interview and statistical analysis were used in this study to build a competency model for pharmacists in China. The competency model framework for pharmacists included five dimensions of characteristics, consisting of 25 competency elements of pharmacists, such as the general competency elements that all pharmacists should possess and outstanding competency elements that community pharmacists and hospital pharmacists should possess. This newly constructed competency model for pharmacists helped develop and cultivate the abilities of future Chinese pharmacists.
文摘Grammar-translation teaching method(GTTM as a shorthand below) has long been a buzzword when it is adopted in the class of English as a foreign language.It has been universally acknowledged that such teaching method contradicts the development of communicative language competence advocated in recent decades.However,I positively argue that GTTM in English class,as a comparative and intercultural model,should be given a due reconsideration to improve L2 learners' pragmatic competence.
文摘English language learners' pragmatic competence is related to their success incross-cultural communication. Cognitive approaches, mainly the Noticing Hypothesis and Analysis/Control Model, have provided some insights into the question of how to effectively develop second language(L2) learners' pragmatic competence. Empirical studies based on cognitive theoretical constructs suggest that pragmatic activitiesthat draw learners' attention and help them control attention to relevant and appropriate information and integrate those forms in real time of communication contribute to the development of interlanguage pragmatic competence.
文摘This paper presents a new perspective on the nature of destination competition in spatial interaction models. The concept of destinations competing with one another on the basis of their spatial proximity to each other is compared with an alternative point of view which argues that competition takes place on the basis of similarities in the spatial influences of competing destinations on decision makers at origins. Potential movers at an origin are facing a set of destinations which compete for their attention. This paper argues that the movers' choices are conditioned by the relative size and number of influences they see (where influence is directly proportional to destination size and inversely proportional to distance). A small amount of supporting empirical evidence concerning recreational day trips, and population migration, is presented.
文摘The competency model is a widely-used human resource management tool that can be applied to human resource management in different regions,different fields,different enterprises,and positions of different nature,which can improve the objectivity,reliability,authenticity and fairness of enterprise human resource management,give full play to the promotion of human resource management to the development of enterprise operations,and help enterprises achieve development and manage-ment goals.
文摘Vocabulary knowledge is an important component of the writing skill and it has many dimensions, such as size, depth, and productive, in interaction with writing skill. To evaluate this relation and determine which dimension is the most effective for second language writing quality, the present study was conducted. Turkish EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners＇ lexical competence and writing abilities were examined through their vocabulary profiles and academic essays. The results of each vocabulary measure indicated that the participants had a limited vocabulary size, containing words mostly from 2,000 to 3,000 frequency bands and thus, the productive vocabulary knowledge of the participants mostly consisted of lk ＋ 2k words and the use of academic words in their essays was very low. The results of the study revealed that the lexical competence covering the main components of vocabulary knowledge was a good predictor of the students＇ quality of writing performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71571144 71401134)the Program of International Cooperation and Exchanges in Science and Technology Funded by Shaanxi Province(2016KW-033)
文摘Middle censoring is an important censoring scheme,in which the actual failure data of an observation becomes unobservable if it falls into a random interval. This paper considers the statistical analysis of the dependent competing risks model by using the Marshall-Olkin bivariate Weibull(MOBW) distribution.The maximum likelihood estimations(MLEs), midpoint approximation(MPA) estimations and approximate confidence intervals(ACIs) of the unknown parameters are obtained. In addition, the Bayes approach is also considered based on the Gamma-Dirichlet prior of the scale parameters, with the given shape parameter.The acceptance-rejection sampling method is used to obtain the Bayes estimations and construct credible intervals(CIs). Finally,two numerical examples are used to show the performance of the proposed methods.
文摘Various mouse models to study dengue have been described by different authors, some of them using immunodeficient or some using humanized mice. Our group reported previously a deadly murine model, which used the intracranial inoculum of highly virulent Dengue virus (DENV) in immune competent mouse. Here we present a model of immune competent mouse (C57BL/6), infected subcutaneously by the same highly virulent DENV (DENV3 genotype I). In this immunocompetent systemic mice model, the cytokine levels and hematological parameters such as total and differential leukocyte and platelets counts, together with weight loss, were considered important monitoring parameters, allowing a better understanding of the systemic human disease. Mice were inoculated subcutaneously and evaluated by the percentage weight variation as well as the clinical signs. Hematological parameters and cytokines levels were measured and viral titration in brain tissue or serum neutralization was performed to confirm mice infection. The subcutaneously DENV inoculated mice showed weight loss after infection, but they did not show any other clinical signs. The leukocytes and platelets decreased after subcutaneous inoculation. The cytokines TNF alpha and IFN gamma increased after infection in mice. The subcutaneous model provided scope for improved understanding of the dengue pathogenesis, as well as possible mechanism for protection to subsequent mouse infected by intracranial route in mice. This model could be used to study the vertebrate immune response and evaluation of drugs or vaccine against dengue virus.
文摘We consider the model selection problem of the dependency between the?terminal event and the non-terminal event under semi-competing risks data. When the relationship between the two events is unspecified, the inference on the non-terminal event is not identifiable. We cannot make inference on the non-terminal event without extra assumptions. Thus, an association model for?semi-competing risks data is necessary, and it is important to select an appropriate dependence model for a data set. We construct the likelihood function for semi-competing risks data to select an appropriate dependence model. From?simulation studies, it shows the performance of the proposed approach is well. Finally, we apply our method to a bone marrow transplant data set.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12101476,12061091,11901134)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYTS23054,QTZX22054)+1 种基金the Yunnan Funda-mental Research Projects(202101AT070103)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2020JQ-285).
文摘Dependent competing risks model is a practical model in the analysis of lifetime and failure modes.The dependence can be captured using a statistical tool to explore the re-lationship among failure causes.In this paper,an Archimedean copula is chosen to describe the dependence in a constant-stress accelerated life test.We study the Archimedean copula based dependent competing risks model using parametric and nonparametric methods.The parametric likelihood inference is presented by deriving the general expression of likelihood function based on assumed survival Archimedean copula associated with the model parameter estimation.Combining the nonparametric estimation with progressive censoring and the non-parametric copula estimation,we introduce a nonparametric reliability estimation method given competing risks data.A simulation study and a real data analysis are conducted to show the performance of the estimation methods.
