Variable-diameter deployable carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)composites possess deformation and load-bearing functions and are composed of stiff-flexible coupled preforms and matrix.The stiff-flexible coupled pre...Variable-diameter deployable carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)composites possess deformation and load-bearing functions and are composed of stiff-flexible coupled preforms and matrix.The stiff-flexible coupled preform,serving as the reinforcing structure,directly determines the deployable properties,and its forming technology is currently a research challenge.This paper designs a braiding and needle-punching(BNP)composite preform forming technology suitable for stiff-flexible coupled preforms.Before forming,the preform is partitioned into flexible and rigid zones,with braiding and needle-punching performed layer by layer in the respective zones.A retractable rotating device is developed to form the stiff-flexible coupled preform,achieving a diameter variation rate of up to 26.6%for the BNP preform.A structural parameter model is also established to describe the geometric parameter changes in the deformation and load-bearing areas of the preform during deployment as a function of the braiding angle.Based on experiments,this paper explains the performance changes of BNP composites concerning the structural parameters of the preform.Experimental analysis shows that as the braiding angle increases,the tensile performance of BNP composites significantly decreases,with the change rate of tensile strength first decreasing and then increasing.Additionally,when the braiding angle is less than 21.89°,the impact toughness of BNP composites remains within the range of 83.66±2 kJ/m^(2).However,when the braiding angle exceeds 21.89°,the impact toughness of BNP composites gradually decreases with increasing braiding angle.Furthermore,a hybrid agent model based on Latin hypercube sampling and error back-propagation neural network is developed to predict the tensile and impact properties of BNP composites with different structural parameters,with maximum test relative errors of 1.89%for tensile strength and 2.37%for impact toughness.展开更多
The use of organic fertilizers is less expensive and advantageous for both the development of the plant and the sanitation of the environment. This is why this investigation aims to promote the ash from emptying of oi...The use of organic fertilizers is less expensive and advantageous for both the development of the plant and the sanitation of the environment. This is why this investigation aims to promote the ash from emptying of oil mill boilers as a source of organic fertilization in the production of palm bunches. To do this, different doses of oil mill boiler emptying ash were tested on oil palms in production. The results showed that the oil palms responded favorably regardless of the dose of oil mill boiler emptying ash. Thus, the comparison of the different doses Tv1 (1 kg), Tv2 (1.5 kg), Tv3 (2 kg), Tv4 (3 kg), Tv5 (4 kg), Tv6 (5 kg) and Tv7 (7 kg) showed that the high doses led to an increase in the weight of the bunches. Better still, the Tv6 treatment at a dose of 5 kg/tree proved to be optimal for good production of palm bunches with a gain of 73.9% compared to the treatment without oil mill boiler emptying ash (absolute control).展开更多
An inventory of Rhynchophorus species was carried out to determine their diversity, biogeographical variability and morphometrics. A shotgun trapping method was used at nine sites in three districts over a four-month ...An inventory of Rhynchophorus species was carried out to determine their diversity, biogeographical variability and morphometrics. A shotgun trapping method was used at nine sites in three districts over a four-month period, identifying three species: R. quadrangulus, R. phoenicis, R. ferrugineus and a probable variant of R. phoenicis. Of these species, R. phoenicis stands out as the most widespread palm weevil, while the probable variant of R. phoenicis is considered the rarest subspecies in the Maniema region. The color of the head and elytra is a criterion for distinguishing the different species of Rhynchophorus spp. Morphological criteria indicate that the probable subspecies of R. phoenicis is the largest palm weevil in the Maniema region and even globally. It is followed by R. quadrangulus and, by far, by R. phoenicis. The smallest palm weevil in Maniema is R. ferrugineus. Moreover, these criteria reveal that, for all three species identified, the female is generally larger than the male. This study has the merit of extending the distribution of R. ferrugineus from the Maghreb to the central East of the DRC, and highlighting a subspecies of R. phoenicis. Recognition of the sexes on the basis of the shape of the tip of the abdomen (oval in the male and flat in the female) is an additional contribution.展开更多
The 2025 U.S.-China Trade War has intensified the vulnerability of China's oil supply chain due to heavy reliance on soybean imports,posing serious challenges to food security.This study examines soybean dependenc...The 2025 U.S.-China Trade War has intensified the vulnerability of China's oil supply chain due to heavy reliance on soybean imports,posing serious challenges to food security.This study examines soybean dependency risks and evaluates substitution strategies through diversified oilseed use,including palm-based alternatives.Findings show that high reciprocal tariffs caused a 75%drop in U.S.soybean exports to China.Palm oil,with high yield efficiency and cost-effectiveness,offers a viable supplement to fill supply chain gaps.Promoting oil palm cultivation through northward expansion and cooperation with Belt and Road countries is recommended.Additionally,multi-omics,gene editing,tissue culture,and precision agriculture are crucial to address technical bottlenecks.The study concludes that palm and soybean oils will form a complementary system,and that policy and technology investments are essential to strengthen China's oilseed supply chain resilience and sustainability.展开更多
The utilisation of sugar palm bunches-charcoal briquettes(SPB-CB)represents a significant advancement in biomass energy.This study aimed to analyse the properties of charcoal briquettes produced from SPB(Arenga longip...The utilisation of sugar palm bunches-charcoal briquettes(SPB-CB)represents a significant advancement in biomass energy.This study aimed to analyse the properties of charcoal briquettes produced from SPB(Arenga longipes).The experiment involved categorising the dimensions of charcoal powder into three specific particle sizes:20-40 mesh,40-60 mesh,and particles that could pass through a 60-mesh screen.The charcoal powder will be combined with tapioca as a binding agent at three specific concentrations:11%,13%,and 15%.The research findings indicate that the samples underwent 60 mesh passes achieved the maximum briquette density,with an average value of 0.58 g/cm^(3).The highest attainable compressive strength sample value was 27.52 kgf/cm^(2),which was attained by employing 60 mesh size and 15%adhesive concentration.The calorimetric investigation showed that SPB-charcoal had the highest calorific value of 25.88 MJ/kg,while the SPB-CB had a little lower caloric value of 24.64 MJ/kg.The ash content and volatile matter values showed that the briquettes with the lowest ash content had values of 10.49%and 32.65%,respectively.Furthermore,the carbon fixation values varied between 16.65%and 52.36%.Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that charcoal derived from SPB exhibits superior thermal characteristics compared to charcoal briquettes.However,thermal properties of SPB charcoal do not show significant differences when compared to charcoal briquettes that have been processed with a mesh size of 20-40 and include 11%adhesive.According to this research,it may be inferred that charcoal briquettes made from sugar palm bunches meet the requirements specified in SNI 01-6235-2000.展开更多
Palm kernel cake(PKC),a major by-product of the palm oil industry,is rich in non-starch polysaccharides.In this study,two polysaccharide fractions,precipitated with acetic acid(PPA)and ethanol(PPE),respectively,were e...Palm kernel cake(PKC),a major by-product of the palm oil industry,is rich in non-starch polysaccharides.In this study,two polysaccharide fractions,precipitated with acetic acid(PPA)and ethanol(PPE),respectively,were extracted from PKC using a 2 mol/L NaOH solution.The molecular weight,sugar composition,structural characteristics,morphology,antioxidant activity,as well as in vitro stimulated digestion were investigated in detail.The results revealed that due to its poor solubility of PPA in water,the detected molecular weight of PPA was only 2040 g/mol,which was significantly lower than that of PPE(65,300 g/mol).Although PPA and PPE had a similar sugar composition with varying contents,mannose was the predominant monosaccharide in both,accounting for 87.71%and 60.40%,respectively.Both PPA and PPE were primarily composed of crystalline mannan,consisting of mannopyranosyl units linked by(1→4)-β-glycosidic bonds,along with a small amount of lignin.PPA possibly contained a higher proportion of crystalline mannan,whereas PPE had a larger amount of arabinoxylan and galactomannan.Atomic force microscope revealed a stacked morphology for both PPA and PPE.PPA exhibited a higher scavenging rate against DPPH•and ABTS^(+)•but a weaker HO•scavenging activity and reducing power compared with PPE.Within the polysaccharide concentration range of 0.5-5.0 mg/mL,PPA and PPB demonstrated the strongest scavenging activity against ABTS^(+)•,with the highest scavenging rates exceeding 91%.However,PPA and PPB exhibited the weakest scavenging activity against HO•,with their highest HO•scavenging rates reaching only 44.91%and 55.86%,respectively.The antioxidant activities of both PPA and PPE were weaker than that of ascorbic acid.PPA remained almost stable in the in vitro simulated saliva fluid,while PPE exhibited weaker resistance to it.Both PPA and PPE exhibited weak resistance to the in vitro simulated gastric digestion fluids,but remained relatively stable in the in vitro simulated small-intestinal digestion fluid.The differences in physicochemical properties between PPA and PPE likely played an important role in their distinct biological activities.These findings suggest potential utilization of PKC in exploring dietary polysaccharides with favorable antioxidant activity and unique digestive characteristics.展开更多
The utilization of oil palm biomass in the production of high-value products has increased substantially.Due to the presence of sugars and starches in their tissues,oil palms have an exceptionally low natural resistan...The utilization of oil palm biomass in the production of high-value products has increased substantially.Due to the presence of sugars and starches in their tissues,oil palms have an exceptionally low natural resistance to fungi,making them susceptible to contamination.In this study,the properties of particleboard made from oil palmfibers,namely empty fruit bunches(EFB),oil palm trunks(OPT),and oil palm fronds(OPF)fibers and its poten-tial for fungal attack were evaluated.The chemical composition,spectroscopic characterization,morphological features,and elemental analysis of oil palm biomassfibers were identified and thoroughly examined.The mechan-ical properties and dimensional stability of the boards were assessed based on Japanese Industrial Standards(JIS)and American National Standards Institute(ANSI)guidelines.The density,strength,and moisture resistance of particleboard made from OPTfibers may vary from those made from OPF and EFB due to inherent changes in chemical composition andfiber structure.These differences have an impact on the overall performance of the particleboard.Based on the ANOVA and Tukey’s test results,significant differences in elasticity properties were observed mainly between OPT and otherfibers,while bending strength revealed notable differences between various pairs of particleboards.The evaluation also highlighted variations in dimensional stability and water absorption capabilities.However,bending strength properties did not demonstrate any significant deviations.For the fungi test,fungal activity on the boards was observed over a two-week period in a controlled environment.The study revealed that oil palm-based particleboard exhibited susceptibility to fungal attacks,particularly from Aspergillus sp.,Trichoderma sp.,and Paecilomyces variotii.Thesefindings highlight the necessity for additional treatments to control or prevent fungal growth,thereby enhancing the commercial value of the particleboards.展开更多
Activated charcoals were synthesized from sugar palm bunches(SPB)of the native tree of Arenga longipes in Indonesia.The synthesized activated charcoal(AC)was characterized,and utilized as an absorbent for heavy metals...Activated charcoals were synthesized from sugar palm bunches(SPB)of the native tree of Arenga longipes in Indonesia.The synthesized activated charcoal(AC)was characterized,and utilized as an absorbent for heavy metals(lead/Pb and copper/Cu)through thermal activation.The synthesis of AC was accomplished through furnace activation at temperatures of 500℃,600℃,700℃,and 800℃.Acid chlorides were blended with the SPB-AC samples at 5%impregnation level and subsequently subjected to washing for activation,resulting in the elimination of volatile substances and ash content,which facilitates the development of a porous structure in the activated charcoal.The proximate analysis results indicated a reduction in weight and moisture content with an increase in activation temperature.The C-O,C=C,O-H stretching chains were not visible in the SPB-AC,indicating that the chains were broken after activation.The treatments at 600℃ and 700℃ exhibited superior thermal stability relative to the others.Moreover,there was a notable reduction in the signal strength of low-crystallinity amorphous carbon,indicating that the high-temperature treatment substantially altered the structural characteristics of the crystal.The SPB-AC produced at 700℃ exhibited a primarily microporous architecture,characterized by a maximal surface area,reduced total pore volume,and small particle size.In conclusion,elevating the activation temperature to 700℃ leads to notable improvement in the adsorption of Pb(91.61%)and Cu(95.19%)metals.展开更多
The development of the bioplastics industry addresses critical issues such as environmental pollution and food safety concerns.However,the industrialization of bioplastics remains underdeveloped due to challenges such...The development of the bioplastics industry addresses critical issues such as environmental pollution and food safety concerns.However,the industrialization of bioplastics remains underdeveloped due to challenges such as high production costs and suboptimal material characteristics.To enhance these characteristics,this study investigates bioplastics reinforced with Nanocrystalline Cellulose(NCC)derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches(OPEFB),incorporating dispersing agents.The research employs a Central Composite Design from the Response SurfaceMethodology(RSM)with two factors:the type of dispersing agent(KCl and NaCl)and the NCC concentration fromOPEFB(1%-5%),along with the dispersing agent concentration(0.5%-3%).The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of food packaging bioplastics composed of a sago starch matrix,NCC from OPEFB,and dispersing agents.The novelty of this research lies in the development of food packaging bioplastics using sago starch reinforced withNCC fromOPEFB and the addition of dispersing agents(KCl andNaCl).The results indicate that incorporating NCC from OPEFB and dispersing agents significantly enhances the bioplastic’s properties,meeting the JIS 2-1707 standards for food packaging plastic films.The bioplastic was tested as packaging for gelamai(a traditional food from West Sumatra)through an organoleptic evaluation.Consumer acceptance in terms of taste,smell,and color remained satisfactory up to the 14th day.Further research is required to scale up production using the optimal formulation identified in this study.Additionally,this bioplastic is recommended for use as packaging for various food products.展开更多
This study investigates the influence of date palm fibers(DPF)on the mechanical performance of bituminous mixtures using two experimental methodologies:the wet and dry processes.In the wet process,DPFs were pre-blende...This study investigates the influence of date palm fibers(DPF)on the mechanical performance of bituminous mixtures using two experimental methodologies:the wet and dry processes.In the wet process,DPFs were pre-blended with bitumen at varying contents ranging from 1%to 5%by weight,prior to mixing with aggregates.The resulting mixtures were evaluated based on several key performance indicators,including Marshall stability,creep resistance,compactness,and water sensitivity.The inclusion of fibers generally enhanced mechanical properties,with optimal improvements observed at 2%to 4%fiber content.Notably,the mixture with 3%DPF content demonstrated a 35.7%increase in Marshall stability,while the lowest compactness reduction(−1.9%)occurred at 1%fiber addition.In the dry process,the effects of both fiber length(1 cm,3 cm,and 5 cm)and fiber content(0.1%to 0.5%)were examined,focusing specifically on rutting and creep resistance.The results showed that 3 cm fibers significantly improved rutting resistance,whereas the 0.1%fiber content yielded the highest enhancement in creep resistance.However,no clear correlation was established between the two performance metrics,suggesting that the mechanical response is highly deformation-dependent.Overall,the addition of DPF contributed to improved durability,strength,and resistance to deformation in asphalt mixtures.The findings underscore the potential of date palm fibers as a sustainable,low-cost,and environmentally friendly additive in pavement engineering,particularly in regions where palm waste is readily available and underutilized.展开更多
The global palm oil industry continues to face persistent negative campaigns,often framed around environmental degradation,human rights concerns,and sustainability failures.Despite various corrective efforts,such as R...The global palm oil industry continues to face persistent negative campaigns,often framed around environmental degradation,human rights concerns,and sustainability failures.Despite various corrective efforts,such as Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil(RSPO)certification and deforestation-free commitments,these narratives remain dominant,particularly in Western consumer markets.This study was conducted to examine how the absence of a unified communication strategy among palm oil stakeholders has contributed to the longevity and strength of these negative perceptions.This research employs a qualitative approach,utilizing the Systematic Literature Review(SLR)method,which is designed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis(PRISMA)protocol.Data collection was carried out through a structured search within the ScienceDirect database,focusing on peer-reviewed research articles published between 2022 and 2025.A total of 41 articles met the inclusion criteria after screening for relevance,publication type,time frame,and open-access availability.Thematic analysis was applied to identify key patterns related to stakeholder narratives,communication gaps,and strategic messaging.The findings indicate that a fragmented communication ecosystem among producers,processors,regulators,and certification bodies has significantly weakened the industry’s ability to counter external criticisms.In contrast,unified messaging strategies were found to be more effective in shaping public perception and influencing policy responses.The study concludes that alignment in stakeholder narratives is essential for reputational resilience.Future research should explore collaborative frameworks and institutional mechanisms that can foster unified storytelling across the global palm oil supply chain.展开更多
Malaysia,as one of the highest producers of palm oil globally and one of the largest exporters,has a huge potential to use palmoil waste to generate electricity since an abundance of waste is produced during the palmo...Malaysia,as one of the highest producers of palm oil globally and one of the largest exporters,has a huge potential to use palmoil waste to generate electricity since an abundance of waste is produced during the palmoil extraction process.In this paper,we have first examined and compared the use of palmoil waste as biomass for electricity generation in different countries with reference to Malaysia.Some areas with default accessibility in rural areas,like those in Sabah and Sarawak,require a cheap and reliable source of electricity.Palm oil waste possesses the potential to be the source.Therefore,this research examines the cost-effective comparison between electricity generated frompalm oil waste and standalone diesel electric generation in Marudi,Sarawak,Malaysia.This research aims to investigate the potential electricity generation using palm oil waste and the feasibility of implementing the technology in rural areas.To implement and analyze the feasibility,a case study has been carried out in a rural area in Sarawak,Malaysia.The finding shows the electricity cost calculation of small towns like Long Lama,Long Miri,and Long Atip,with ten nearby schools,and suggests that using EFB from palm oil waste is cheaper and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.The study also points out the need to conduct further research on power systems,such as energy storage andmicrogrids,to better understand the future of power systems.By collecting data through questionnaires and surveys,an analysis has been carried out to determine the approximate cost and quantity of palm oil waste to generate cheaper renewable energy.We concluded that electricity generation from palm oil waste is cost-effective and beneficial.The infrastructure can be a microgrid connected to the main grid.展开更多
To achieve palm oil conversion along with a high yield of long‐chain alkane,a series of NiFe layered double oxide catalysts were prepared and employed in the deoxygenation of palm oil.The layered structure of these c...To achieve palm oil conversion along with a high yield of long‐chain alkane,a series of NiFe layered double oxide catalysts were prepared and employed in the deoxygenation of palm oil.The layered structure of these catalysts was confirmed by XRD and SEM analyses,and Ni and Fe species existed primarily in the forms of Ni^(2+)and Fe^(3+),respectively.It was found that Ni/Fe molar ratio influenced the H_(2)reducibility and surface properties of NiFe catalysts.Specifically,Ni_(2)Fe‐LDO and Ni_(3)Fe‐LDO exhibited higher reducibility under H_(2)atmosphere.Moreover,the Ni_(2)Fe‐LDO catalyst contained a higher concentration of surface oxygen species(Osurf).Deoxygenation results demonstrated that the Ni_(2)Fe‐LDO catalyst achieved superior palm oil conversion,higher liquid product yield and enhanced selectivity toward C_(15)–C_(18)hydrocarbons compared to other catalysts.This improved performance was attributed to its higher hydrogen dissociation activity and enhanced adsorption capacity for palm oil molecules.Furthermore,reaction condition studies revealed that palm oil was completely converted,yielding 86.8%liquid product with 81.8%selectivity of C_(15)–C_(18)hydrocarbons at 350℃under 7 MPa H_(2)pressure.This finding provides an insight into the development of efficient catalysts for the deoxygenation of fatty compounds to biofuels.展开更多
As the world’s largest palm oil producer,Indonesia significantly benefits from its palm oil industry but also faces serious environmental challenges from palm oil mill effluent(POME)-a high-strength wastewater contai...As the world’s largest palm oil producer,Indonesia significantly benefits from its palm oil industry but also faces serious environmental challenges from palm oil mill effluent(POME)-a high-strength wastewater containing substantial organic matter,nutrients,suspended solids,and various chemical compounds.Sustainable and effective wastewater treatment strategies are urgently needed to address this issue.This review presents a comprehensive analysis of existing POME treatment technologies,including anaerobic digestion(AD),advanced oxidation processes(AOPs),membrane filtration,adsorption,phytoremediation,and microalgae-based systems.Each method is examined in terms of treatment efficiency,operational feasibility,and potential for imple-mentation under Indonesian conditions.While advanced processes,such as AOPs and membrane filtration,achieve high pollutant removal,they are often limited by operational costs.In contrast,biological approaches,such as AD and phytoremediation,offer both environmental benefits and economic value through the recovery of biogas,biofertilizers,and biomass.This review highlights the potential for integrating wastewater purification with resource recovery and valorization,supporting a shift toward more circular and sustainable management of POME.The insights provided are intended to guide future research,inform policy decisions,and facilitate the industrial adoption of optimized treatment systems.展开更多
The total replacement of old fossil fuels poses obstacles,making the production of efficient biogasoline vital.Despite its potential as an environmentally friendly fossil fuel substitute,the life cycle assessment(LCA)...The total replacement of old fossil fuels poses obstacles,making the production of efficient biogasoline vital.Despite its potential as an environmentally friendly fossil fuel substitute,the life cycle assessment(LCA)of palm oil-derived biogasoline remains underexplored.This study investigated the production of biogasoline fromcrude palm oil(CPO)based biorefinery using catalytic cracking over mesoporousγ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst and LCA analysis.High selectivity of converting CPO into biogasoline was achieved by optimizing catalytic cracking parameters,including catalyst dose,temperature,and contact time.γ-Al_(2)O_(3) and CPO were characterized by several methods to study the physical and chemical properties.The physical properties of biogasoline,such as density,calorific value,viscosity,and flash point,were investigated.An overall yield of 60.11%was achieved after catalytic cracking produced several C5-C11 short-chain hydrocarbons.Additionally,this research proposes innovative emission reduction strategies,including waste-to-biogasoline conversion and the use of biodegradable feedstocks that enhance the sustainability of biogasoline production.LCA ofγ-Al_(2)O_(3)’s energy and environmental implications reveals minor effects on global warming(0.0068%)and freshwater ecotoxicity(0.187%).LCAs show a 0.085%impact in the energy sector.This focus on both ecological impacts and practical mitigation strategies deepens the understanding of biogasoline production.展开更多
The precise identification of date palm tree diseases is essential for maintaining agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable farming methods.Conventional approaches rely on visual examination by experts to d...The precise identification of date palm tree diseases is essential for maintaining agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable farming methods.Conventional approaches rely on visual examination by experts to detect infected palm leaves,which is time intensive and susceptible to mistakes.This study proposes an automated leaf classification system that uses deep learning algorithms to identify and categorize diseases in date palm tree leaves with high precision and dependability.The system leverages pretrained convolutional neural network architectures(InceptionV3,DenseNet,and MobileNet)to extract and examine leaf characteristics for classification purposes.A publicly accessible dataset comprising multiple classes of diseased and healthy date palm leaf samples was used for the training and assessment.Data augmentation techniques were implemented to enhance the dataset and improve model resilience.In addition,Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)was applied to address class imbalance and further improve the classification performance.The system was trained and evaluated using this dataset,and two of the models,DenseNet and MobileNet,achieved classification accuracies greater than 95%.MobileNetV2 emerged as the top-performing model among those assessed,achieving an overall accuracy of 96.99%and macro-average F1-score of 0.97.All nine categories of date palm leaf conditions were consistently and accurately identified,showing exceptional precision and dependability.Comparative experiments were conducted to assess the performance of the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures and demonstrate their potential for scalable and automated disease detection.This system has the potential to serve as a valuable agricultural tool for assisting in disease management and monitoring date palm cultivation.展开更多
基金Supported by Jiangsu Provincial Frontier Leading Technology Basic Research Project(Grant No.BK20212007)Aero-Engine and Gas Turbine Basic Science Center(Grant No.P2022-B-IV-014-001)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Program Fund(Grant No.1005/YBA23044)China Postdoctoral Assistance Fund(Grant No.1005/YBA23031)。
文摘Variable-diameter deployable carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)composites possess deformation and load-bearing functions and are composed of stiff-flexible coupled preforms and matrix.The stiff-flexible coupled preform,serving as the reinforcing structure,directly determines the deployable properties,and its forming technology is currently a research challenge.This paper designs a braiding and needle-punching(BNP)composite preform forming technology suitable for stiff-flexible coupled preforms.Before forming,the preform is partitioned into flexible and rigid zones,with braiding and needle-punching performed layer by layer in the respective zones.A retractable rotating device is developed to form the stiff-flexible coupled preform,achieving a diameter variation rate of up to 26.6%for the BNP preform.A structural parameter model is also established to describe the geometric parameter changes in the deformation and load-bearing areas of the preform during deployment as a function of the braiding angle.Based on experiments,this paper explains the performance changes of BNP composites concerning the structural parameters of the preform.Experimental analysis shows that as the braiding angle increases,the tensile performance of BNP composites significantly decreases,with the change rate of tensile strength first decreasing and then increasing.Additionally,when the braiding angle is less than 21.89°,the impact toughness of BNP composites remains within the range of 83.66±2 kJ/m^(2).However,when the braiding angle exceeds 21.89°,the impact toughness of BNP composites gradually decreases with increasing braiding angle.Furthermore,a hybrid agent model based on Latin hypercube sampling and error back-propagation neural network is developed to predict the tensile and impact properties of BNP composites with different structural parameters,with maximum test relative errors of 1.89%for tensile strength and 2.37%for impact toughness.
文摘The use of organic fertilizers is less expensive and advantageous for both the development of the plant and the sanitation of the environment. This is why this investigation aims to promote the ash from emptying of oil mill boilers as a source of organic fertilization in the production of palm bunches. To do this, different doses of oil mill boiler emptying ash were tested on oil palms in production. The results showed that the oil palms responded favorably regardless of the dose of oil mill boiler emptying ash. Thus, the comparison of the different doses Tv1 (1 kg), Tv2 (1.5 kg), Tv3 (2 kg), Tv4 (3 kg), Tv5 (4 kg), Tv6 (5 kg) and Tv7 (7 kg) showed that the high doses led to an increase in the weight of the bunches. Better still, the Tv6 treatment at a dose of 5 kg/tree proved to be optimal for good production of palm bunches with a gain of 73.9% compared to the treatment without oil mill boiler emptying ash (absolute control).
文摘An inventory of Rhynchophorus species was carried out to determine their diversity, biogeographical variability and morphometrics. A shotgun trapping method was used at nine sites in three districts over a four-month period, identifying three species: R. quadrangulus, R. phoenicis, R. ferrugineus and a probable variant of R. phoenicis. Of these species, R. phoenicis stands out as the most widespread palm weevil, while the probable variant of R. phoenicis is considered the rarest subspecies in the Maniema region. The color of the head and elytra is a criterion for distinguishing the different species of Rhynchophorus spp. Morphological criteria indicate that the probable subspecies of R. phoenicis is the largest palm weevil in the Maniema region and even globally. It is followed by R. quadrangulus and, by far, by R. phoenicis. The smallest palm weevil in Maniema is R. ferrugineus. Moreover, these criteria reveal that, for all three species identified, the female is generally larger than the male. This study has the merit of extending the distribution of R. ferrugineus from the Maghreb to the central East of the DRC, and highlighting a subspecies of R. phoenicis. Recognition of the sexes on the basis of the shape of the tip of the abdomen (oval in the male and flat in the female) is an additional contribution.
基金financially sponsored by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(324QN360)Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Sci-ence and Technology City(SCKJ-JYRC-2024-35).
文摘The 2025 U.S.-China Trade War has intensified the vulnerability of China's oil supply chain due to heavy reliance on soybean imports,posing serious challenges to food security.This study examines soybean dependency risks and evaluates substitution strategies through diversified oilseed use,including palm-based alternatives.Findings show that high reciprocal tariffs caused a 75%drop in U.S.soybean exports to China.Palm oil,with high yield efficiency and cost-effectiveness,offers a viable supplement to fill supply chain gaps.Promoting oil palm cultivation through northward expansion and cooperation with Belt and Road countries is recommended.Additionally,multi-omics,gene editing,tissue culture,and precision agriculture are crucial to address technical bottlenecks.The study concludes that palm and soybean oils will form a complementary system,and that policy and technology investments are essential to strengthen China's oilseed supply chain resilience and sustainability.
基金funded by the Regular Fundamental Research Grant of the Directorate of Research,Technology,and Community Service,Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology,Republic of Indonesia No.093/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024Research Institution of Universitas Sumatera Utara No.1/UN5.4.10S/PPM/KPDRTPM/2024supported by the project“Development,Exploitation Properties and Application of Eco-Friendly Wood-Based Composites from Alternative Lignocellulosic Raw Materials”,Project No.HN C--1290/19.10.2023,carried out at the University of Forestry,Sofia,Bulgaria.
文摘The utilisation of sugar palm bunches-charcoal briquettes(SPB-CB)represents a significant advancement in biomass energy.This study aimed to analyse the properties of charcoal briquettes produced from SPB(Arenga longipes).The experiment involved categorising the dimensions of charcoal powder into three specific particle sizes:20-40 mesh,40-60 mesh,and particles that could pass through a 60-mesh screen.The charcoal powder will be combined with tapioca as a binding agent at three specific concentrations:11%,13%,and 15%.The research findings indicate that the samples underwent 60 mesh passes achieved the maximum briquette density,with an average value of 0.58 g/cm^(3).The highest attainable compressive strength sample value was 27.52 kgf/cm^(2),which was attained by employing 60 mesh size and 15%adhesive concentration.The calorimetric investigation showed that SPB-charcoal had the highest calorific value of 25.88 MJ/kg,while the SPB-CB had a little lower caloric value of 24.64 MJ/kg.The ash content and volatile matter values showed that the briquettes with the lowest ash content had values of 10.49%and 32.65%,respectively.Furthermore,the carbon fixation values varied between 16.65%and 52.36%.Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that charcoal derived from SPB exhibits superior thermal characteristics compared to charcoal briquettes.However,thermal properties of SPB charcoal do not show significant differences when compared to charcoal briquettes that have been processed with a mesh size of 20-40 and include 11%adhesive.According to this research,it may be inferred that charcoal briquettes made from sugar palm bunches meet the requirements specified in SNI 01-6235-2000.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22068025).
文摘Palm kernel cake(PKC),a major by-product of the palm oil industry,is rich in non-starch polysaccharides.In this study,two polysaccharide fractions,precipitated with acetic acid(PPA)and ethanol(PPE),respectively,were extracted from PKC using a 2 mol/L NaOH solution.The molecular weight,sugar composition,structural characteristics,morphology,antioxidant activity,as well as in vitro stimulated digestion were investigated in detail.The results revealed that due to its poor solubility of PPA in water,the detected molecular weight of PPA was only 2040 g/mol,which was significantly lower than that of PPE(65,300 g/mol).Although PPA and PPE had a similar sugar composition with varying contents,mannose was the predominant monosaccharide in both,accounting for 87.71%and 60.40%,respectively.Both PPA and PPE were primarily composed of crystalline mannan,consisting of mannopyranosyl units linked by(1→4)-β-glycosidic bonds,along with a small amount of lignin.PPA possibly contained a higher proportion of crystalline mannan,whereas PPE had a larger amount of arabinoxylan and galactomannan.Atomic force microscope revealed a stacked morphology for both PPA and PPE.PPA exhibited a higher scavenging rate against DPPH•and ABTS^(+)•but a weaker HO•scavenging activity and reducing power compared with PPE.Within the polysaccharide concentration range of 0.5-5.0 mg/mL,PPA and PPB demonstrated the strongest scavenging activity against ABTS^(+)•,with the highest scavenging rates exceeding 91%.However,PPA and PPB exhibited the weakest scavenging activity against HO•,with their highest HO•scavenging rates reaching only 44.91%and 55.86%,respectively.The antioxidant activities of both PPA and PPE were weaker than that of ascorbic acid.PPA remained almost stable in the in vitro simulated saliva fluid,while PPE exhibited weaker resistance to it.Both PPA and PPE exhibited weak resistance to the in vitro simulated gastric digestion fluids,but remained relatively stable in the in vitro simulated small-intestinal digestion fluid.The differences in physicochemical properties between PPA and PPE likely played an important role in their distinct biological activities.These findings suggest potential utilization of PKC in exploring dietary polysaccharides with favorable antioxidant activity and unique digestive characteristics.
文摘The utilization of oil palm biomass in the production of high-value products has increased substantially.Due to the presence of sugars and starches in their tissues,oil palms have an exceptionally low natural resistance to fungi,making them susceptible to contamination.In this study,the properties of particleboard made from oil palmfibers,namely empty fruit bunches(EFB),oil palm trunks(OPT),and oil palm fronds(OPF)fibers and its poten-tial for fungal attack were evaluated.The chemical composition,spectroscopic characterization,morphological features,and elemental analysis of oil palm biomassfibers were identified and thoroughly examined.The mechan-ical properties and dimensional stability of the boards were assessed based on Japanese Industrial Standards(JIS)and American National Standards Institute(ANSI)guidelines.The density,strength,and moisture resistance of particleboard made from OPTfibers may vary from those made from OPF and EFB due to inherent changes in chemical composition andfiber structure.These differences have an impact on the overall performance of the particleboard.Based on the ANOVA and Tukey’s test results,significant differences in elasticity properties were observed mainly between OPT and otherfibers,while bending strength revealed notable differences between various pairs of particleboards.The evaluation also highlighted variations in dimensional stability and water absorption capabilities.However,bending strength properties did not demonstrate any significant deviations.For the fungi test,fungal activity on the boards was observed over a two-week period in a controlled environment.The study revealed that oil palm-based particleboard exhibited susceptibility to fungal attacks,particularly from Aspergillus sp.,Trichoderma sp.,and Paecilomyces variotii.Thesefindings highlight the necessity for additional treatments to control or prevent fungal growth,thereby enhancing the commercial value of the particleboards.
基金the Government Collaboration Research Scheme of the TALENTA Grant of Universitas Sumatera Utara,No.41/UN5.2.3.1/PPM/KP-TALENTA/R/2023,29 August 2023.
文摘Activated charcoals were synthesized from sugar palm bunches(SPB)of the native tree of Arenga longipes in Indonesia.The synthesized activated charcoal(AC)was characterized,and utilized as an absorbent for heavy metals(lead/Pb and copper/Cu)through thermal activation.The synthesis of AC was accomplished through furnace activation at temperatures of 500℃,600℃,700℃,and 800℃.Acid chlorides were blended with the SPB-AC samples at 5%impregnation level and subsequently subjected to washing for activation,resulting in the elimination of volatile substances and ash content,which facilitates the development of a porous structure in the activated charcoal.The proximate analysis results indicated a reduction in weight and moisture content with an increase in activation temperature.The C-O,C=C,O-H stretching chains were not visible in the SPB-AC,indicating that the chains were broken after activation.The treatments at 600℃ and 700℃ exhibited superior thermal stability relative to the others.Moreover,there was a notable reduction in the signal strength of low-crystallinity amorphous carbon,indicating that the high-temperature treatment substantially altered the structural characteristics of the crystal.The SPB-AC produced at 700℃ exhibited a primarily microporous architecture,characterized by a maximal surface area,reduced total pore volume,and small particle size.In conclusion,elevating the activation temperature to 700℃ leads to notable improvement in the adsorption of Pb(91.61%)and Cu(95.19%)metals.
基金the Industrial Human Resource Development Agency,Ministry of Industry in 2023。
文摘The development of the bioplastics industry addresses critical issues such as environmental pollution and food safety concerns.However,the industrialization of bioplastics remains underdeveloped due to challenges such as high production costs and suboptimal material characteristics.To enhance these characteristics,this study investigates bioplastics reinforced with Nanocrystalline Cellulose(NCC)derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches(OPEFB),incorporating dispersing agents.The research employs a Central Composite Design from the Response SurfaceMethodology(RSM)with two factors:the type of dispersing agent(KCl and NaCl)and the NCC concentration fromOPEFB(1%-5%),along with the dispersing agent concentration(0.5%-3%).The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of food packaging bioplastics composed of a sago starch matrix,NCC from OPEFB,and dispersing agents.The novelty of this research lies in the development of food packaging bioplastics using sago starch reinforced withNCC fromOPEFB and the addition of dispersing agents(KCl andNaCl).The results indicate that incorporating NCC from OPEFB and dispersing agents significantly enhances the bioplastic’s properties,meeting the JIS 2-1707 standards for food packaging plastic films.The bioplastic was tested as packaging for gelamai(a traditional food from West Sumatra)through an organoleptic evaluation.Consumer acceptance in terms of taste,smell,and color remained satisfactory up to the 14th day.Further research is required to scale up production using the optimal formulation identified in this study.Additionally,this bioplastic is recommended for use as packaging for various food products.
文摘This study investigates the influence of date palm fibers(DPF)on the mechanical performance of bituminous mixtures using two experimental methodologies:the wet and dry processes.In the wet process,DPFs were pre-blended with bitumen at varying contents ranging from 1%to 5%by weight,prior to mixing with aggregates.The resulting mixtures were evaluated based on several key performance indicators,including Marshall stability,creep resistance,compactness,and water sensitivity.The inclusion of fibers generally enhanced mechanical properties,with optimal improvements observed at 2%to 4%fiber content.Notably,the mixture with 3%DPF content demonstrated a 35.7%increase in Marshall stability,while the lowest compactness reduction(−1.9%)occurred at 1%fiber addition.In the dry process,the effects of both fiber length(1 cm,3 cm,and 5 cm)and fiber content(0.1%to 0.5%)were examined,focusing specifically on rutting and creep resistance.The results showed that 3 cm fibers significantly improved rutting resistance,whereas the 0.1%fiber content yielded the highest enhancement in creep resistance.However,no clear correlation was established between the two performance metrics,suggesting that the mechanical response is highly deformation-dependent.Overall,the addition of DPF contributed to improved durability,strength,and resistance to deformation in asphalt mixtures.The findings underscore the potential of date palm fibers as a sustainable,low-cost,and environmentally friendly additive in pavement engineering,particularly in regions where palm waste is readily available and underutilized.
文摘The global palm oil industry continues to face persistent negative campaigns,often framed around environmental degradation,human rights concerns,and sustainability failures.Despite various corrective efforts,such as Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil(RSPO)certification and deforestation-free commitments,these narratives remain dominant,particularly in Western consumer markets.This study was conducted to examine how the absence of a unified communication strategy among palm oil stakeholders has contributed to the longevity and strength of these negative perceptions.This research employs a qualitative approach,utilizing the Systematic Literature Review(SLR)method,which is designed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis(PRISMA)protocol.Data collection was carried out through a structured search within the ScienceDirect database,focusing on peer-reviewed research articles published between 2022 and 2025.A total of 41 articles met the inclusion criteria after screening for relevance,publication type,time frame,and open-access availability.Thematic analysis was applied to identify key patterns related to stakeholder narratives,communication gaps,and strategic messaging.The findings indicate that a fragmented communication ecosystem among producers,processors,regulators,and certification bodies has significantly weakened the industry’s ability to counter external criticisms.In contrast,unified messaging strategies were found to be more effective in shaping public perception and influencing policy responses.The study concludes that alignment in stakeholder narratives is essential for reputational resilience.Future research should explore collaborative frameworks and institutional mechanisms that can foster unified storytelling across the global palm oil supply chain.
文摘Malaysia,as one of the highest producers of palm oil globally and one of the largest exporters,has a huge potential to use palmoil waste to generate electricity since an abundance of waste is produced during the palmoil extraction process.In this paper,we have first examined and compared the use of palmoil waste as biomass for electricity generation in different countries with reference to Malaysia.Some areas with default accessibility in rural areas,like those in Sabah and Sarawak,require a cheap and reliable source of electricity.Palm oil waste possesses the potential to be the source.Therefore,this research examines the cost-effective comparison between electricity generated frompalm oil waste and standalone diesel electric generation in Marudi,Sarawak,Malaysia.This research aims to investigate the potential electricity generation using palm oil waste and the feasibility of implementing the technology in rural areas.To implement and analyze the feasibility,a case study has been carried out in a rural area in Sarawak,Malaysia.The finding shows the electricity cost calculation of small towns like Long Lama,Long Miri,and Long Atip,with ten nearby schools,and suggests that using EFB from palm oil waste is cheaper and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.The study also points out the need to conduct further research on power systems,such as energy storage andmicrogrids,to better understand the future of power systems.By collecting data through questionnaires and surveys,an analysis has been carried out to determine the approximate cost and quantity of palm oil waste to generate cheaper renewable energy.We concluded that electricity generation from palm oil waste is cost-effective and beneficial.The infrastructure can be a microgrid connected to the main grid.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278084)State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing(SKLHOP202402003)for financing this research.
文摘To achieve palm oil conversion along with a high yield of long‐chain alkane,a series of NiFe layered double oxide catalysts were prepared and employed in the deoxygenation of palm oil.The layered structure of these catalysts was confirmed by XRD and SEM analyses,and Ni and Fe species existed primarily in the forms of Ni^(2+)and Fe^(3+),respectively.It was found that Ni/Fe molar ratio influenced the H_(2)reducibility and surface properties of NiFe catalysts.Specifically,Ni_(2)Fe‐LDO and Ni_(3)Fe‐LDO exhibited higher reducibility under H_(2)atmosphere.Moreover,the Ni_(2)Fe‐LDO catalyst contained a higher concentration of surface oxygen species(Osurf).Deoxygenation results demonstrated that the Ni_(2)Fe‐LDO catalyst achieved superior palm oil conversion,higher liquid product yield and enhanced selectivity toward C_(15)–C_(18)hydrocarbons compared to other catalysts.This improved performance was attributed to its higher hydrogen dissociation activity and enhanced adsorption capacity for palm oil molecules.Furthermore,reaction condition studies revealed that palm oil was completely converted,yielding 86.8%liquid product with 81.8%selectivity of C_(15)–C_(18)hydrocarbons at 350℃under 7 MPa H_(2)pressure.This finding provides an insight into the development of efficient catalysts for the deoxygenation of fatty compounds to biofuels.
基金supporting the research project under the USK Leading Research Program-Doctoral Acceleration Scheme(PRRU-PD,Grant Number:444/UN11.2.1/PG.01.03/SPK/PTNBH/2024)coordinated by the Institute for Research and Community Services(LPPM-USK).
文摘As the world’s largest palm oil producer,Indonesia significantly benefits from its palm oil industry but also faces serious environmental challenges from palm oil mill effluent(POME)-a high-strength wastewater containing substantial organic matter,nutrients,suspended solids,and various chemical compounds.Sustainable and effective wastewater treatment strategies are urgently needed to address this issue.This review presents a comprehensive analysis of existing POME treatment technologies,including anaerobic digestion(AD),advanced oxidation processes(AOPs),membrane filtration,adsorption,phytoremediation,and microalgae-based systems.Each method is examined in terms of treatment efficiency,operational feasibility,and potential for imple-mentation under Indonesian conditions.While advanced processes,such as AOPs and membrane filtration,achieve high pollutant removal,they are often limited by operational costs.In contrast,biological approaches,such as AD and phytoremediation,offer both environmental benefits and economic value through the recovery of biogas,biofertilizers,and biomass.This review highlights the potential for integrating wastewater purification with resource recovery and valorization,supporting a shift toward more circular and sustainable management of POME.The insights provided are intended to guide future research,inform policy decisions,and facilitate the industrial adoption of optimized treatment systems.
基金The contract No.PRJ-395/DPKS/2022 or 2383/PKS/ITS/2022 on 14 November 2022.
文摘The total replacement of old fossil fuels poses obstacles,making the production of efficient biogasoline vital.Despite its potential as an environmentally friendly fossil fuel substitute,the life cycle assessment(LCA)of palm oil-derived biogasoline remains underexplored.This study investigated the production of biogasoline fromcrude palm oil(CPO)based biorefinery using catalytic cracking over mesoporousγ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst and LCA analysis.High selectivity of converting CPO into biogasoline was achieved by optimizing catalytic cracking parameters,including catalyst dose,temperature,and contact time.γ-Al_(2)O_(3) and CPO were characterized by several methods to study the physical and chemical properties.The physical properties of biogasoline,such as density,calorific value,viscosity,and flash point,were investigated.An overall yield of 60.11%was achieved after catalytic cracking produced several C5-C11 short-chain hydrocarbons.Additionally,this research proposes innovative emission reduction strategies,including waste-to-biogasoline conversion and the use of biodegradable feedstocks that enhance the sustainability of biogasoline production.LCA ofγ-Al_(2)O_(3)’s energy and environmental implications reveals minor effects on global warming(0.0068%)and freshwater ecotoxicity(0.187%).LCAs show a 0.085%impact in the energy sector.This focus on both ecological impacts and practical mitigation strategies deepens the understanding of biogasoline production.
基金funded by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R821),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The precise identification of date palm tree diseases is essential for maintaining agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable farming methods.Conventional approaches rely on visual examination by experts to detect infected palm leaves,which is time intensive and susceptible to mistakes.This study proposes an automated leaf classification system that uses deep learning algorithms to identify and categorize diseases in date palm tree leaves with high precision and dependability.The system leverages pretrained convolutional neural network architectures(InceptionV3,DenseNet,and MobileNet)to extract and examine leaf characteristics for classification purposes.A publicly accessible dataset comprising multiple classes of diseased and healthy date palm leaf samples was used for the training and assessment.Data augmentation techniques were implemented to enhance the dataset and improve model resilience.In addition,Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)was applied to address class imbalance and further improve the classification performance.The system was trained and evaluated using this dataset,and two of the models,DenseNet and MobileNet,achieved classification accuracies greater than 95%.MobileNetV2 emerged as the top-performing model among those assessed,achieving an overall accuracy of 96.99%and macro-average F1-score of 0.97.All nine categories of date palm leaf conditions were consistently and accurately identified,showing exceptional precision and dependability.Comparative experiments were conducted to assess the performance of the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures and demonstrate their potential for scalable and automated disease detection.This system has the potential to serve as a valuable agricultural tool for assisting in disease management and monitoring date palm cultivation.
