Aegilops variabilis(S^(v)S^(v)U^(v)U^(v))is a source of resistance to wheat stripe rust.The phKL locus in Chinese common wheat landrace Kaixian-Luohanmai(KL)can induce homoeologous wheat-alien chromosome pairing and r...Aegilops variabilis(S^(v)S^(v)U^(v)U^(v))is a source of resistance to wheat stripe rust.The phKL locus in Chinese common wheat landrace Kaixian-Luohanmai(KL)can induce homoeologous wheat-alien chromosome pairing and recombination.In this study,we confirmed that the whole 2S^(v)chromosome introgressed into wheat from Ae.variabilis accession AS116 conferred all-stage stripe rust resistance.The underlying gene(s),named YrAev,was mapped to the long arm 2S^(v)L using an F_(2)population.Two 2S^(v)-2B recombinants,derived from a cross of the 2S^(v)(2B)chromosome substitution line and KL,were confirmed to harbor the resistance locus.The physical region containing YrAev,determined from RNA-seq data,was 844.6-852.1 Mb on the chromosome arm 2S^(l)of the Ae.longissima(S^(v)genome donor species of Ae.variabilis)accession TL05 assembly v1.0.Differential gene expression analysis of post-inoculation with the Pst race has indicated two disease-resistance-related genes(annotated as mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat like protein,respectively)as promising candidates for YrAev.This study demonstrates the utility of the phKL gene system in alien gene localization and transfer.The resistant translocation line harboring YrAev can be exploited by wheat breeders as a novel source of resistance to stripe rust.展开更多
By measuring the contents of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),and total phosphorus(P)in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of Quercus variabilis forests with different ages(22,35,and 45 a)and origins(nat...By measuring the contents of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),and total phosphorus(P)in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of Quercus variabilis forests with different ages(22,35,and 45 a)and origins(natural forests and planted forests)in the Funiu Mountain area,the stoichiometric characteristics of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in Q.variabilis forest soils were evaluated.The research results indicated that:(i)there were significant differences(P<0.05)in the SOC content between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of Q.variabilis planted forests at different stand ages.Moreover,as the stand age increased,the SOC content in both the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of the planted forests initially decreased and then increased.The TN and TP contents in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of Q.variabilis planted forests did not show significant differences across different stand ages,and they exhibited different trends as the stand age increased.(ii)The SOC and nitrogen to phosphorus ratio(N:P)exhibited significant rhizosphere effects,whereas the rhizosphere effects of the TN,TP,carbon to nitrogen ratio(C:N),and carbon to phosphorus ratio(C:P)were not prominent.In terms of the influence of stand age,the SOC,TN,TP,C:P,and N:P were significantly affected.However,the effect of the C:N at the stand age level was not significant.The interactive effects of soil carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,and their stoichiometric ratios were all significant.It is recommended to appropriately supplement soil nitrogen and phosphorus to ensure the sustainable development of Q.variabilis forest stand.展开更多
This study investigated the feasibility of hyperspectral imaging techniques to estimate the vigor of heatdamaged Quercus variabilis seeds.Four thermal damage grades were classified according to heat treatment duration...This study investigated the feasibility of hyperspectral imaging techniques to estimate the vigor of heatdamaged Quercus variabilis seeds.Four thermal damage grades were classified according to heat treatment duration(0,2,5,and 10 h).After obtaining hyperspectral images with a 370–1042 nm hyperspectral imager that included visible and near infrared light,germination was tested to confirm estimates.The Savitzky–Golay(SG)second derivative was used to preprocess the spectrum to reduce any noise impact.The successive projections algorithm(SPA),principal component analysis,and local linear embedding algorithm were used to extract the characteristic spectral bands related to seed vigor.Finally,a model for seed vigor classifi-cation of Q.variabili s based on partial least squares support vector machine(LS-SVM)with different spectral data sets was developed.The results show that the spectrum after SG second derivative preprocessing was better for developing the model,and SPA performed the best among the three feature band selection methods.The combination SG second derivative-LS-SVM provided the best classification model for Q.variabilis seed vigor,with the prediction set reaching 98.81%.This study provides an important basis for rapid and nondestructive assessment of the vigor of heat-damaged seeds using hyperspectral imaging techniques.展开更多
Cephalopods play key roles in global marine ecosystems as both predators and preys.Regressive estimation of original size and weight of cephalopod from beak measurements is a powerful tool of interrogating the feeding...Cephalopods play key roles in global marine ecosystems as both predators and preys.Regressive estimation of original size and weight of cephalopod from beak measurements is a powerful tool of interrogating the feeding ecology of predators at higher trophic levels.In this study,regressive relationships among beak measurements and body length and weight were determined for an octopus species(Octopus variabilis),an important endemic cephalopod species in the northwest Pacific Ocean.A total of 193 individuals(63 males and 130 females) were collected at a monthly interval from Jiaozhou Bay,China.Regressive relationships among 6 beak measurements(upper hood length,UHL;upper crest length,UCL;lower hood length,LHL;lower crest length,LCL;and upper and lower beak weights) and mantle length(ML),total length(TL) and body weight(W) were determined.Results showed that the relationships between beak size and TL and beak size and ML were linearly regressive,while those between beak size and W fitted a power function model.LHL and UCL were the most useful measurements for estimating the size and biomass of O.variabilis.The relationships among beak measurements and body length(either ML or TL) were not significantly different between two sexes;while those among several beak measurements(UHL,LHL and LBW) and body weight(W) were sexually different.Since male individuals of this species have a slightly greater body weight distribution than female individuals,the body weight was not an appropriate measurement for estimating size and biomass,especially when the sex of individuals in the stomachs of predators was unknown.These relationships provided essential information for future use in size and biomass estimation of O.variabilis,as well as the estimation of predator/prey size ratios in the diet of top predators.展开更多
The slope aspect is one of the most critical topographic factors in mountainous areas.Little is known,however,about the eff ect of the aspect on the ectomycorrhizal(ECM)fungal community.Additionally,we know very littl...The slope aspect is one of the most critical topographic factors in mountainous areas.Little is known,however,about the eff ect of the aspect on the ectomycorrhizal(ECM)fungal community.Additionally,we know very little about the composition of ECM fungal communities associated with Quercus variabilis,which is widely distributed in East Asia.In this study,we compared the richness,community composition,and exploration types of ECM fungi associated with Q.variabilis between predominantly south-and north-facing slopes in the Taihang Mountain,North China for the fi rst time.DNA was extracted from the root tips of Q.variabilis,and Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to identify ECM fungi.In total,168 operational taxonomic units belonging to 28 genera were detected,and the ECM community was found to be dominated by Russula,Inocybe,Tomentella,Scleroderma,and Cortinarius.Compared with the north-facing slopes,the ECM communities on the south-facing slopes had higher diversity.The community composition and exploration types were directly aff ected by the slope aspect.Also,the aspect-induced edaphic variables,such as total phosphorus,total nitrogen,total potassium,pH,and soil water content,were important sources of variation in ECM fungal richness and distributions of exploration types.Diff erent genera tended to be distributed in various slope aspects.Cenococcum,Genea,and Clavulina were signifi cantly enriched in north-facing slopes,while Geopora,Helvelosebacina,Scleroderma,Gyroporus,Astraeus,Boletus,Tricholoma,Hebeloma,Cortinarius and unclassifi ed Thelephoraceae were more abundant in south-facing slopes.Hydrophobic ECM fungi were obviously enriched in the south-facing slope,but there was no statistical diff erence between hydrophilic among the south-and north-facing slopes.Our study deepened our knowledge of the aspect-driven variation in ECM fungal communities associated with Q.variabilis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172020,31971884)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD1201202,2024YFD1200402)+4 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2022ZDZX0014,2023YFN0085)the Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding(2023-1-1)the State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China(SKLKF202409)the Alliance of National and International Science Organizations for the Belt and Road Regions(ANSO-CR-KP-202205)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(077GJHZ2023028GC)。
文摘Aegilops variabilis(S^(v)S^(v)U^(v)U^(v))is a source of resistance to wheat stripe rust.The phKL locus in Chinese common wheat landrace Kaixian-Luohanmai(KL)can induce homoeologous wheat-alien chromosome pairing and recombination.In this study,we confirmed that the whole 2S^(v)chromosome introgressed into wheat from Ae.variabilis accession AS116 conferred all-stage stripe rust resistance.The underlying gene(s),named YrAev,was mapped to the long arm 2S^(v)L using an F_(2)population.Two 2S^(v)-2B recombinants,derived from a cross of the 2S^(v)(2B)chromosome substitution line and KL,were confirmed to harbor the resistance locus.The physical region containing YrAev,determined from RNA-seq data,was 844.6-852.1 Mb on the chromosome arm 2S^(l)of the Ae.longissima(S^(v)genome donor species of Ae.variabilis)accession TL05 assembly v1.0.Differential gene expression analysis of post-inoculation with the Pst race has indicated two disease-resistance-related genes(annotated as mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat like protein,respectively)as promising candidates for YrAev.This study demonstrates the utility of the phKL gene system in alien gene localization and transfer.The resistant translocation line harboring YrAev can be exploited by wheat breeders as a novel source of resistance to stripe rust.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271848).
文摘By measuring the contents of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),and total phosphorus(P)in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of Quercus variabilis forests with different ages(22,35,and 45 a)and origins(natural forests and planted forests)in the Funiu Mountain area,the stoichiometric characteristics of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in Q.variabilis forest soils were evaluated.The research results indicated that:(i)there were significant differences(P<0.05)in the SOC content between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of Q.variabilis planted forests at different stand ages.Moreover,as the stand age increased,the SOC content in both the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of the planted forests initially decreased and then increased.The TN and TP contents in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of Q.variabilis planted forests did not show significant differences across different stand ages,and they exhibited different trends as the stand age increased.(ii)The SOC and nitrogen to phosphorus ratio(N:P)exhibited significant rhizosphere effects,whereas the rhizosphere effects of the TN,TP,carbon to nitrogen ratio(C:N),and carbon to phosphorus ratio(C:P)were not prominent.In terms of the influence of stand age,the SOC,TN,TP,C:P,and N:P were significantly affected.However,the effect of the C:N at the stand age level was not significant.The interactive effects of soil carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,and their stoichiometric ratios were all significant.It is recommended to appropriately supplement soil nitrogen and phosphorus to ensure the sustainable development of Q.variabilis forest stand.
文摘为了揭示二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT)在小球藻油脂合成过程中的作用,对单细胞小球藻Chlorella variabilis NC64A的二酰甘油酰基转移酶进行原核克隆表达及功能初步研究。结果表明,其编码序列为894bp,编码297个氨基酸,表达蛋白的表观分子量为33 k Da,p I 9.48。保守结构域分析表明,该蛋白属于Lysophospholipid acyltransferases(LPLATs)超家族,具有二酰甘油酰基转移酶活性,序列位点H68,L71,F76,R94,I97和GAA(144?146)组成特定的酰基受体结合口袋,能够结合酰基?酰基载体蛋白(ACP)或者酰基辅酶A上的酰基,催化三酰甘油合成的最后一步。表达蛋白与Ss PDAT和At PDAT的序列相似性分别为32%和24%,表明该蛋白可能具有磷脂酰甘油酰基转移酶(PDAT)活性,能利用磷脂上的酰基合成三酰甘油。因此,采用薄层层析方法以L-α-磷脂酰胆碱和1,2-二油酰-sn-甘油为底物,检测到其确实具有PDAT活性,表明限氮条件下NC64A中DGAT的PDAT活性可能促进了膜脂降解耦合三酰甘油的合成。
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31770769)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0504403)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2015ZCQ-GX-03).
文摘This study investigated the feasibility of hyperspectral imaging techniques to estimate the vigor of heatdamaged Quercus variabilis seeds.Four thermal damage grades were classified according to heat treatment duration(0,2,5,and 10 h).After obtaining hyperspectral images with a 370–1042 nm hyperspectral imager that included visible and near infrared light,germination was tested to confirm estimates.The Savitzky–Golay(SG)second derivative was used to preprocess the spectrum to reduce any noise impact.The successive projections algorithm(SPA),principal component analysis,and local linear embedding algorithm were used to extract the characteristic spectral bands related to seed vigor.Finally,a model for seed vigor classifi-cation of Q.variabili s based on partial least squares support vector machine(LS-SVM)with different spectral data sets was developed.The results show that the spectrum after SG second derivative preprocessing was better for developing the model,and SPA performed the best among the three feature band selection methods.The combination SG second derivative-LS-SVM provided the best classification model for Q.variabilis seed vigor,with the prediction set reaching 98.81%.This study provides an important basis for rapid and nondestructive assessment of the vigor of heat-damaged seeds using hyperspectral imaging techniques.
基金funded by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41006083)The Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2010DQ026)+1 种基金The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(201022001,201262004)The Specialized Research Program for Marine Public Welfare Industry from the State Oceanic Administration,P.R.China(200805066)
文摘Cephalopods play key roles in global marine ecosystems as both predators and preys.Regressive estimation of original size and weight of cephalopod from beak measurements is a powerful tool of interrogating the feeding ecology of predators at higher trophic levels.In this study,regressive relationships among beak measurements and body length and weight were determined for an octopus species(Octopus variabilis),an important endemic cephalopod species in the northwest Pacific Ocean.A total of 193 individuals(63 males and 130 females) were collected at a monthly interval from Jiaozhou Bay,China.Regressive relationships among 6 beak measurements(upper hood length,UHL;upper crest length,UCL;lower hood length,LHL;lower crest length,LCL;and upper and lower beak weights) and mantle length(ML),total length(TL) and body weight(W) were determined.Results showed that the relationships between beak size and TL and beak size and ML were linearly regressive,while those between beak size and W fitted a power function model.LHL and UCL were the most useful measurements for estimating the size and biomass of O.variabilis.The relationships among beak measurements and body length(either ML or TL) were not significantly different between two sexes;while those among several beak measurements(UHL,LHL and LBW) and body weight(W) were sexually different.Since male individuals of this species have a slightly greater body weight distribution than female individuals,the body weight was not an appropriate measurement for estimating size and biomass,especially when the sex of individuals in the stomachs of predators was unknown.These relationships provided essential information for future use in size and biomass estimation of O.variabilis,as well as the estimation of predator/prey size ratios in the diet of top predators.
基金the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2015BAD07B02).
文摘The slope aspect is one of the most critical topographic factors in mountainous areas.Little is known,however,about the eff ect of the aspect on the ectomycorrhizal(ECM)fungal community.Additionally,we know very little about the composition of ECM fungal communities associated with Quercus variabilis,which is widely distributed in East Asia.In this study,we compared the richness,community composition,and exploration types of ECM fungi associated with Q.variabilis between predominantly south-and north-facing slopes in the Taihang Mountain,North China for the fi rst time.DNA was extracted from the root tips of Q.variabilis,and Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to identify ECM fungi.In total,168 operational taxonomic units belonging to 28 genera were detected,and the ECM community was found to be dominated by Russula,Inocybe,Tomentella,Scleroderma,and Cortinarius.Compared with the north-facing slopes,the ECM communities on the south-facing slopes had higher diversity.The community composition and exploration types were directly aff ected by the slope aspect.Also,the aspect-induced edaphic variables,such as total phosphorus,total nitrogen,total potassium,pH,and soil water content,were important sources of variation in ECM fungal richness and distributions of exploration types.Diff erent genera tended to be distributed in various slope aspects.Cenococcum,Genea,and Clavulina were signifi cantly enriched in north-facing slopes,while Geopora,Helvelosebacina,Scleroderma,Gyroporus,Astraeus,Boletus,Tricholoma,Hebeloma,Cortinarius and unclassifi ed Thelephoraceae were more abundant in south-facing slopes.Hydrophobic ECM fungi were obviously enriched in the south-facing slope,but there was no statistical diff erence between hydrophilic among the south-and north-facing slopes.Our study deepened our knowledge of the aspect-driven variation in ECM fungal communities associated with Q.variabilis.
