Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have attracted wide attention for their high theoretical energy density,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the shuttle effect of polysulfides and the insulation of active mat...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have attracted wide attention for their high theoretical energy density,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the shuttle effect of polysulfides and the insulation of active materials severely restrict the development of Li-S batteries.Constructing conductive sulfur scaffolds with catalytic conversion capability for cathodes is an efficient approach to solving above issues.Vanadium-based compounds and their heterostructures have recently emerged as functional sulfur catalysts supported on conductive scaffolds.These compounds interact with polysulfides via different mechanisms to alleviate the shuttle effect and accelerate the redox kinetics,leading to higher Coulombic efficiency and enhanced sulfur utilization.Reports on vanadium-based nanomaterials in Li-S batteries have been steadily increasing over the past several years.In this review,first,we provide an overview of the synthesis of vanadium-based compounds and heterostructures.Then,we discuss the interactions and constitutive relationships between vanadium-based catalysts and polysulfides formed at sulfur cathodes.We summarize the mechanisms that contribute to the enhancement of electrochemical performance for various types of vanadium-based catalysts,thus providing insights for the rational design of sulfur catalysts.Finally,we offer a perspective on the future directions for the research and development of vanadium-based sulfur catalysts.展开更多
Vanadium-based materials have emerged as promising cathode candidates for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)due to their multivalent redox characteristics and diverse crystal structures,which enable high energy storage...Vanadium-based materials have emerged as promising cathode candidates for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)due to their multivalent redox characteristics and diverse crystal structures,which enable high energy storage capacity.Nevertheless,practical applications are hindered by several critical challenges,including vanadium species dissolution,side-product formation,sluggish Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics,and low electrical conductivity.Organic functionalization,benefiting from its structural tunability and abundant functional groups,has been proven to be an effective strategy for enhancing the electrochemical performance of vanadium-based cathodes.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in organic-functionalized vanadium-based cathodes.First,the energy storage mechanism of vanadiumbased cathodes and the fundamental properties of organic compounds relevant to cathode optimization are outlined.Then,the functions of organic compounds are comprehensively analyzed from four key perspectives:capacity improvement,conductivity enhancement,Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics optimization,and cycling stability promotion.Furthermore,the specific electrochemical performance modulation effects and practical application examples of this strategy are discussed in detail.Finally,current limitations and challenges in this field are highlighted,and corresponding solutions and future research directions are proposed,offering theoretical guidance and insights for the development of high-performance vanadium-based cathodes for AZIBs.展开更多
Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been regarded as one of the alternatives to lithium ion batteries owing to their wide availability and significantly low cost of sodium sources.However,they face serious challenges of lo...Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been regarded as one of the alternatives to lithium ion batteries owing to their wide availability and significantly low cost of sodium sources.However,they face serious challenges of low energy&power density and short cycling lifespan owing to the heavy mass and large radius of Na^(+).Vanadium-based polyanionic compounds have advantageous characteristic of high operating voltage,high ionic conductivity and robust structural framework,which is conducive to their high energy&power density and long lifespan for SIBs.In this review,we will overview the latest V-based polyanionic compounds,along with the respective characteristic from the intrinsic crystal structure to performance presentation and improvement for SIBs.One of the most important aspect is to discover the essential problems existed in the present V-based polyanionic compounds for high-energy&power applications,and point out most suitable solutions from the crystal structure modulation,interface tailoring and electrode configuration design.Moreover,some scientific issues of V-based polyanionic compounds shall be also proposed and related future direction shall be provided.We believe that this review can serve as a motivation for further development of novel V-based polyanionic compounds and drive them toward high energy&power applications in the near future.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation large-scale energy storage systems due to the abundance of sodium resources,low solvation energy,and cost-effectiveness.Among the available...Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation large-scale energy storage systems due to the abundance of sodium resources,low solvation energy,and cost-effectiveness.Among the available cathode materials,vanadium-based sodium phosphate cathodes are particularly notable for their high operating voltage,excellent thermal stability,and superior cycling performance.However,these materials face significant challenges,including sluggish reaction kinetics,the toxicity of vanadium,and poor electronic conductivity.To overcome these limitations and enhance electrochemical performance,various strategies have been explored.These include morphology regulation via diverse synthesis routes and electronic structure optimization through metal doping,which effectively improve the diffusion of Na+and electrons in vanadium-based phosphate cathodes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges associated with V-based polyanion cathodes and examines the role of morphology and electronic structure design in enhancing performance.Key vanadium-based phosphate frameworks,such as orthophosphates(Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)),pyrophosphates(NaVP_(2)O_(7),Na_(2)(VO)P_(2)O_(7),Na_(7)V_(3)(P_(2)O_(7))_(4)),and mixed phosphates(Na_(7)V_(4)(P_(2)O_(7))_(4)PO_(4)),are discussed in detail,highlighting recent advances and insights into their structure-property relationships.The design of cathode material morphology offers an effective approach to optimizing material structures,compositions,porosity,and ion/electron diffusion pathways.Simultaneously,electronic structure tuning through element doping allows for the regulation of band structures,electron distribution,diffusion barriers,and the intrinsic conductivity of phosphate compounds.Addressing the challenges associated with vanadium-based sodium phosphate cathode materials,this study proposes feasible solutions and outlines future research directions toward advancement of high-performance vanadium-based polyanion cathodes.展开更多
Direct propane dehydrogenation(DPDH)represents a highly attractive route for on-purpose propylene production,a key building block in the petrochemical industry.In particular,among various catalytic platforms,vanadium-...Direct propane dehydrogenation(DPDH)represents a highly attractive route for on-purpose propylene production,a key building block in the petrochemical industry.In particular,among various catalytic platforms,vanadium-based catalysts have emerged as promising candidates due to their tunable properties including redox ability,surface acidity,and resistance to coking.Although the catalytic community has obtained great achievement in this area,how to promote vanadium-based catalysts towards the next step in DPDH applications like industrial-level implementations is still challenging.Moreover,there are still several controversial theories in our community,meaning it is necessary to clarify these indistinct points to pave the way for the next generation of research.Herein,the pivotal modification strategies of vanadium-based catalysts have been summarized via introducing representative works.In addition,the current unclear mechanism and research gaps,especially in the issues of deactivation and selectivity control,are also revealed so that the potential research directions are well-founded proposed.By integrating fundamental understanding and practical considerations,this review aims to inspire the further development of vanadium-based DPDH catalysts for in-depth academic research and next-generation industrial deployment.展开更多
Cathode materials with excellent performance are a key to exploiting aqueous zinc ion batteries.In this study,we developed a cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries using an in situ anion–cation pre-intercala...Cathode materials with excellent performance are a key to exploiting aqueous zinc ion batteries.In this study,we developed a cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries using an in situ anion–cation pre-intercalation strategy with a metal–organic framework.In situ doping of S and Zn in a vanadium-based metal–organic framework structure forms a Zn–S pre-intercalated vanadium oxide((Zn,S)VO)composite.The combination of the additional Zn^(2+)storage sites with pseudocapacitive behavior on the amorphous surface of the enriched oxygen defects and the enhancement of the structural toughness by strong ionic bonding together the unique nanostructure of the nanochains by the process of‘‘oriented attachment’’led to the preparation of the high-performance(Zn,S)VO composite.The results show that the(Zn,S)VO electrode has a capacity of 602.40 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1),an initial discharge capacity of 300.60 mAh·g^(-1)at 10.0 A·g^(-1),and a capacity retention rate of 99.93%after 3,500 cycles.Using the gel electrolyte,the capacity of(Zn,S)VO electrode is 233.15 and 650.93 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.2 A·g^(-1)in-20 and 60°C environments,respectively.Meanwhile,the(Zn,S)VO flexible batteries perform well in harsh environments.展开更多
To address the longstanding challenge in traditional carborane methodology of rapidly and efficiently constructing carboranyl-based polycyclic frameworks,Pd-catalyzed one-pot reactions between pyridyl-substituted nido...To address the longstanding challenge in traditional carborane methodology of rapidly and efficiently constructing carboranyl-based polycyclic frameworks,Pd-catalyzed one-pot reactions between pyridyl-substituted nidocarboranes and alkynes directly afford two distinct types of 2D-3D fused carboranyl polycyclic compounds:3a-3f,4a-4d.The structures of this series of compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,single-crystal X-ray diffraction,and high-resolution mass spectrometry,and a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.Crystal structures reveal that the multiple rings in such 2D-3D fused carboranyl polycyclic compounds exhibit a certain degree of coplanarity.Furthermore,these compounds exhibited properties distinct from those of conventional 2D polycyclic systems.CCDC:2481988,3c,2481990,3f,2481986,4d.展开更多
Light element compounds under high pressure display intriguing properties and applications,owing to their diverse bonding patterns and crystalline structures.However,the system of ternary Be-C-O compounds under high p...Light element compounds under high pressure display intriguing properties and applications,owing to their diverse bonding patterns and crystalline structures.However,the system of ternary Be-C-O compounds under high pressure,as the lightest representative of the IIA-IVA-VIA family,remains largely unexplored.Using a machine-learning-accelerated crystal structure search and first-principles calculations,Be-C-O phase diagrams are investigated at pressures ranging from 0 to 100 GPa.Four ternary compounds are proposed to be stable at corresponding pressures:BeCO_(3),Be_(2)CO_(4),Be_(2)C_(4)O_(3),and BeC_(4)O_(2).Analyses of electronic structure and chemical bonding further reveal how the structural diversity of these compounds is induced.Remarkably,Be_(2)C_(4)O_(3) and BeC_(4)O_(2) are recoverable to ambient conditions and possess both high energy density and high hardness.The volumetric energy densities of Be_(2)C_(4)O_(3) and BeC_(4)O_(2) could approach 9.03 and 7.94 kJ/cm^(3),respectively.The Vickers hardnesses of Be_(2)C_(4)O_(3) and BeC_(4)O_(2) are found to be close to 39.58 and 51.57 GPa,respectively.These findings demonstrate the structural and functional diversity of Be-C-O compounds under high pressure,providing guidance for further exploration of the IIA-IVA-VIA compounds.展开更多
Layered transition-metal compounds(LTMCs)feature stacked architectures,strong magnetic anisotropy,and tunable magnetic order,making them promising material platforms for low-power spintronic technologies and for enabl...Layered transition-metal compounds(LTMCs)feature stacked architectures,strong magnetic anisotropy,and tunable magnetic order,making them promising material platforms for low-power spintronic technologies and for enabling topological functionalities in the post-Moore era.Here we review recent progress on two-dimensional(2D)magnetism in LTMCs,emphasizing material taxonomy,intrinsic magnetic properties,and external-field controls.This review first presents a classification of LTMCs by crystal structure and chemistry—binary halides,chalcogenides,and ternary families(e.g.,MPX_(3),M_(m)X_(n)Te_(k),MnBi_(2)Te_(4))—followed by a summary of their coupling mechanisms,ordering temperatures,and dimensional effects.It then analyzes the modulation of exchange interactions,magnetic anisotropy,and topological states by electric-field gating,strain engineering,and ion intercalation,with representative experimental demonstrations.Notable advances include room-temperature ferromagnetic metals and semiconductors,observation of the quantum anomalous Hall effect(QAHE)in MnBi2Te4,and synergistic control of magnetic-topological states under multiple external stimuli.Persistent challenges involve the limited availability of intrinsic 2D magnetic semiconductors with high Curie temperatures(Tc),incomplete understanding of the microscopic couplings at interfaces and under quantum confinement,and device-level stability.We conclude by outlining opportunities that lie in the integration of multiscale characterization,first-principles theory,and cross-scale fabrication to precisely co-engineer magnetism,topology,and electronic structure,thereby advancing LTMCs toward spintronic and topological-quantum applications.展开更多
To elucidate the variations in volatile organic compounds(VOCs)among widely cultivated japonica rice varieties in China and offer novel perspectives on flavor formation during rice-based beer brewing,nine prevalent Ch...To elucidate the variations in volatile organic compounds(VOCs)among widely cultivated japonica rice varieties in China and offer novel perspectives on flavor formation during rice-based beer brewing,nine prevalent Chinese japonica rice variaties were selected as experimental materials.Comprehensive analyses were conducted to investigate three key aspects:differences in VOCs among the selected japonica rice varieties,the retention of rice VOCs after beer brewing,and the influence of rice additives on beer sensory characteristics.Results showed that the total contents of VOCs in Wuyoudao 4(WYD4)and Nangeng 9108(NG9108)were significantly higher than those in the other varieties(P<0.05).The popcorn-flavor compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)was detected in Suigeng 27(SG27,26.80 ng/g),WYD4(25.25 ng/g),NG9108(21.18 ng/g),and Suigeng 18(SG18,11.62 ng/g),with the levels in the first three varieties significantly higher than those in SG18.Circular heatmap analysis classified the nine japonica varieties into three major categories:fragrant japonica from North China(WYD4),fragrant japonica from South China(NG9108),and others.Ten characteristic VOCs across the japonica varieties were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS).Using beer brewed with whole wheat as the control,we analyzed the VOCs and sensory characteristics of beer brewed with fragrant japonica rice as an additive.We found that rice VOCs were not detected in beer brewed with fragrant japonica rice as an additive.Adding rice promoted the formation of banana-like flavors and reduced the beer’s richness and mellowness.展开更多
Carbenes as one of the most important class of intermediates have been widely utilized in various organic synthetic transformations.Carbene insertion-initiated ring-opening reactions of cyclic ethers offer a valuable ...Carbenes as one of the most important class of intermediates have been widely utilized in various organic synthetic transformations.Carbene insertion-initiated ring-opening reactions of cyclic ethers offer a valuable strategy for constructing new carbon-oxygen bonds.In comparison with traditional thermal or metal-mediated carbene transfer reactions,visible-light-promoted multi-component reaction strategy provides a mild and eco-friendly approach to access densely functionalized molecules.Recently,visible-light-induced multi-component carbene transfer reactions of diazo compounds have been rapidly developed and attracted a great deal of research interest of chemists owing to their advantages of simple operation,mild condition,high atom economy and rich structural diversity.This paper summarizes the recent research progress on the visible-light-promoted multi-component carbene transfer reactions of diazo compounds via ring-opening of cyclic ethers with various nucleophiles.The reaction patterns of different nucleophiles and their corresponding mechanism are described in this review.The future research direction and challenges in this area are also discussed.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the genetic basis of Weill-Marchesani syndrome(WMS)in a Chinese family and clarify the pathogenic mechanism of novel ADAMTS17 mutations.METHODS:Comprehensive clinical assessments and genetic analyse...AIM:To investigate the genetic basis of Weill-Marchesani syndrome(WMS)in a Chinese family and clarify the pathogenic mechanism of novel ADAMTS17 mutations.METHODS:Comprehensive clinical assessments and genetic analyses were performed on a Chinese family with two affected siblings.Whole-exome sequencing(WES)was conducted for the proband and other family members.Bioinformatics tools were used to evaluate the conservation,predicted pathogenicity,and structural effects of the identified ADAMTS17 variants.In addition,protein structure modeling was applied to assess the functional impacts of the mutations.RESULTS:The proband(a 32-year-old male)and his elder sister(42y)presented typical clinical features of WMS,including short stature,brachydactyly,high myopia,ectopia lentis,and secondary glaucoma.WES identified a novel compound heterozygous mutation in ADAMTS17:a splicing mutation(c.451-2A>G)inherited from the father and a missense mutation(c.1043G>A;p.C348Y)inherited from the mother.The splicing mutation disrupted normal mRNA splicing and processing,leading to premature translation termination.The missense mutation,which is located in the metalloprotease catalytic domain,was predicted to abolish a critical disulfide bond,thereby impairing protein stability.Both mutations exhibited high evolutionary conservation and were predicted to be pathogenic by multiple bioinformatics algorithms.CONCLUSION:A novel compound heterozygous mutation in ADAMTS17 is identified in this WMS-affected Chinese family,and its pathogenicity is verified via bioinformatics analysis and protein structural modeling.These findings are expected to facilitate the genetic diagnosis of WMS and deepen the understanding of its molecular pathogenesis.展开更多
Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the back...Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the backdrop of global warming,plants emit more BVOCs to cope with thermal stress,leading to elevated concen-trations of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,a considerable body of research has explored the interaction between tree species and BVOCs under the influence of various environ-mental factors.Although many studies have examined explored the temperature dependence of BVOC emissions in the past,few studies have conducted a comprehensive and in-depth investigation into the impacts of tempera-ture.This review summarizes the relevant studies on BVOCs in the past decade,including the main biosynthetic pathways,emission observation techniques and emission inventories,as well as how temperature affects isoprene and monoterpene emission rates and the formation of O_(3) and SOA.Our work offers a theoretical foundation and guidance for future efforts to advance the comprehension of BVOC emission characteristics and develop strategies to mitigate secondary pollution.展开更多
Chili fermentation is one of the most important processes in the production of Pixian Douban(PXDB),which determines the flavor and product quality of PXDB.However,the maturity of fermented chili mainly depends on empi...Chili fermentation is one of the most important processes in the production of Pixian Douban(PXDB),which determines the flavor and product quality of PXDB.However,the maturity of fermented chili mainly depends on empirical judgment,which can not satisfy the need for standardized production of PXDB.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate volatile and non-volatile substances during the maturation process and to find markers related to the maturity of fermented chili.Two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC×GC-MS)combined with multivariate statistical analysis and relative odor activity values(ROAV)analysis revealed that 2-methoxy-3-isobutyl pyrazine,linalool,3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde,myrcene,and decanal(ROAV≥1,VIP>1,P<0.05)were regarded as potentially active aromatic markers for differentiating fermentation time.Additionally,ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLCQTOF-MS)combined with multivariate statistical analysis revealed that 25 compounds could serve as differentiated non-volatile compounds.The correlation of maturity-related physicochemical indicators with volatile and nonvolatile compounds revealed that four volatile compounds(2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine,linalool,myrcene,and decanal)along with seven non-volatile compounds could serve as markers for evaluating the maturity of fermented chili.This study is expected to establish a standard for the determination of the maturity the fermented chili and lay the foundation for intelligent production of PXDB.展开更多
A trace analytical method based on solid-phase extraction gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE–GC–MS/MS)was developed for the rapid detection of 256 semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs),including 25 pol...A trace analytical method based on solid-phase extraction gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE–GC–MS/MS)was developed for the rapid detection of 256 semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs),including 25 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),70 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),123 pesticides,20 phthalate esters(PAEs),4 organophosphate esters(OPEs),9 synthetic musks(SMs),and 5 UV filters(UVs)in water.No-tably,this method provided a decent linearity of calibration standards(R^(2)>0.999),excellent method limits of quantification(MLOQs)(0.12–11.41 ng/L),satisfactory matrix spiking recovery rates(60.4%–126%),and high precision(intra-day relative standard deviations(RSDs):1.0%–10.0%,inter-day RSDs:3.0%–15.0%,and inter-week RSDs:3.4%–15.7%),making it suitable for trace-level studies.Statistical analysis revealed that SVOCs with higher volatility exhibited enhanced recovery rates.Validation of the methodology involved analyzing SVOCs in real spring water and river water samples.Twenty-seven SVOCs were detected in spring water and 58 in river water,with an average concentration of 631.73 and 16,095 ng/L,respectively.Among the detected SVOCs,PAEs constituted the predominant proportion.This study underscored the presence of SVOCs contamination specifi-cally within the spring water,although SVOCs concentrations in river water were significantly greater than those found in spring water.In summary,this sensitive method based on SPE–GC–MS/MS was successfully developed and validated for the rapid analysis of a diverse array of 256 SVOCs at trace levels in water,including not only the traditional highly valued PAHs,PCBs,pesticides,and PAEs,but also the emerging OPEs,UVs,and SMs.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probi...BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.展开更多
Endogenous hydrogen systems,consisting of metal–organic coordination catalysts and alcohols,have been widely applied for the transfer hydrogenation(TH)of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds in recent years.Metal-organ...Endogenous hydrogen systems,consisting of metal–organic coordination catalysts and alcohols,have been widely applied for the transfer hydrogenation(TH)of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds in recent years.Metal-organic coordination catalysts showed satisfactory ability of TH in the secondary alcohols,but most of them could not effectively employ the cheaper primary alcohols as hydrogen donors.Furthermore,they commonly contained high metal contents,which also led to low catalytic efficiency in significant measure.In this work,we constructed a novel magnesium single-atom catalyst(Mg-NC)with merely 0.37 wt%Mg by means of a combined self-assembly and pyrolysis strategy.The characterization results indicated that Mg was atomically dispersed and it was coordinated with four pyridinic-N in Mg-NC.Due to the obvious electron transfer from Mg to its coordinated pyridinic-N,Mg–N_(4)active centers displayed high Lewis acid-base strength with abundant content,which brought remarkable catalytic activity.When Mg-NC was used for the TH of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)in ethanol(EtOH),2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan(BHMF)yield was up to 96.3%with high productivity of 19.85 molBHMF mol_(Mg)^(−1)h^(−1)at 150°C for 5 h.More interestingly,the process of TH over Mg-NC in EtOH was proved to proceed via the hydrogen radical mechanism.Additionally,Mg-NC exhibited powerful catalytic universality;it could not only utilize other primary alcohols(such as n-propanol and n-butanol)as hydrogen donors,but also catalyze the TH of other carbonyl compounds(such as furfural,5-methylfurfural,benzaldehyde,cyclohexanone,and levulinic acid).Overall,this work offered some important clues and references to reinforce the hydrogen-supplying ability of primary alcohols in the TH of various biomass-derived carbonyl compounds to high-value fine chemicals.展开更多
In high-intensity electromagnetic warfare,radar systems are persistently subjected to multi-jammer attacks,including potentially novel unknown jamming types that may emerge exclusively under wartime conditions.These j...In high-intensity electromagnetic warfare,radar systems are persistently subjected to multi-jammer attacks,including potentially novel unknown jamming types that may emerge exclusively under wartime conditions.These jamming signals severely degrade radar detection performance.Precise recognition of these unknown and compound jamming signals is critical to enhancing the anti-jamming capabilities and overall reliability of radar systems.To address this challenge,this article proposes a novel open-set compound jamming cognition(OSCJC)method.The proposed method employs a detection-classification dual-network architecture,which not only overcomes the false alarm and misdetection issues of traditional closed-set recognition methods when dealing with unknown jamming but also effectively addresses the performance bottleneck of existing open-set recognition techniques focusing on single jamming scenarios in compound jamming environments.To achieve unknown jamming detection,we first employ a consistency labeling strategy to train the detection network using diverse known jamming samples.This strategy enables the network to acquire highly generalizable jamming features,thereby accurately localizing candidate regions for individual jamming components within compound jamming.Subsequently,we introduce contrastive learning to optimize the classification network,significantly enhancing both intra-class clustering and inter-class separability in the jamming feature space.This method not only improves the recognition accuracy of the classification network for known jamming types but also enhances its sensitivity to unknown jamming types.Simulations and experimental data are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed OSCJC method.Compared with the state-of-the-art open-set recognition methods,the proposed method demonstrates superior recognition accuracy and enhanced environmental adaptability.展开更多
In the conventional water treatment process,algae have a propensity to breach the filter barriers and potentially seep into the water distribution system,leading to an elevation in taste and odor compounds(T&O com...In the conventional water treatment process,algae have a propensity to breach the filter barriers and potentially seep into the water distribution system,leading to an elevation in taste and odor compounds(T&O compounds).This investigation delved into the seasonal fluctuations of algae penetration and the production of T&O compounds within the treatment units of Reservoir Water Plant 1(W1)and River Water Plant 2(W2).The findings indicated that despite the application of the‘pre-oxidation,coagulation and sedimentation(PCS),sand filtration,and disinfection’process,certain robust-walled filamentous Cyanobacteria,Bacillariophyta species,and small Chlorophyta genera managed to bypass the filters.The leakage of algal cells during autumn at W1 was particularly striking,with a peak of 1,170,000 cells/L.The concurrent assessment of the potential for T&O compound formation revealed an alarming high potential for 2-methylisoborneol(2-MIB)in the water leaving the plants,with concentrations soaring to 197.20 ng/L at W1 in autumn and 54.78 ng/L at W2 in summer.This underscores the significant capacity of residual algal cells to generate T&O compounds.Tracking the retention and penetration dynamics of algal cells across each drinking water treatment stage is crucial for surface water treatment facilities to develop effective operational and management strategies,thereby enhancing the safety and quality of drinking water for the end consumer.展开更多
Carbonyl compounds play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary pollutants such as O_(3) and SOA,signifi-cantly impacting air quality and human health.This study extended the observation period compared to previo...Carbonyl compounds play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary pollutants such as O_(3) and SOA,signifi-cantly impacting air quality and human health.This study extended the observation period compared to previous research,providing a long-term perspective on carbonyl compound variations and their environmental implica-tions.Atmospheric observations were conducted at Beijing(BJ)and Xianghe(XH)during the summer and winter months of 2018,2019,and 2023 to study the sources and impacts of carbonyl compounds in typical urban areas and peri‑urban areas.Notably,concentrations in the summer of 2023 increased compared to 2018 and 2019.The predominant carbonyl compounds—formaldehyde,acetaldehyde,and acetone—accounted for over 60%of the total.The mean values of OFP in BJ ranged from 18.55 to 58.61μg/m3,lower than those in XH(29.82 to 65.48μg/m3),with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde contributing over 80%of the total.SOAP exhibited a similar pattern,with values in XH(69.21 to 508.55μg/m3)significantly exceeding those in BJ(34.47 to 159.78μg/m3).The PMF model highlighted vehicle exhaust,secondary pollution,and biomass combustion as major sources of carbonyl compounds,emphasizing differences in source contributions between the two regions.This study’s com-parative analysis over different years and locations provides new insights into the dynamic changes in carbonyl compounds and their environmental importance.These results not only reinforce the importance of carbonyl compounds regulation but also offer a valuable reference for evaluating and refining emission control strategies during this period.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51962002)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2022GXNSFAA035463)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB2404402)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have attracted wide attention for their high theoretical energy density,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the shuttle effect of polysulfides and the insulation of active materials severely restrict the development of Li-S batteries.Constructing conductive sulfur scaffolds with catalytic conversion capability for cathodes is an efficient approach to solving above issues.Vanadium-based compounds and their heterostructures have recently emerged as functional sulfur catalysts supported on conductive scaffolds.These compounds interact with polysulfides via different mechanisms to alleviate the shuttle effect and accelerate the redox kinetics,leading to higher Coulombic efficiency and enhanced sulfur utilization.Reports on vanadium-based nanomaterials in Li-S batteries have been steadily increasing over the past several years.In this review,first,we provide an overview of the synthesis of vanadium-based compounds and heterostructures.Then,we discuss the interactions and constitutive relationships between vanadium-based catalysts and polysulfides formed at sulfur cathodes.We summarize the mechanisms that contribute to the enhancement of electrochemical performance for various types of vanadium-based catalysts,thus providing insights for the rational design of sulfur catalysts.Finally,we offer a perspective on the future directions for the research and development of vanadium-based sulfur catalysts.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21676036)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.CSTB2023NSCQMSX0580)the Large-scale Equipment Sharing Fund of Chongqing University(No.202403150240 and 202503150091)。
文摘Vanadium-based materials have emerged as promising cathode candidates for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)due to their multivalent redox characteristics and diverse crystal structures,which enable high energy storage capacity.Nevertheless,practical applications are hindered by several critical challenges,including vanadium species dissolution,side-product formation,sluggish Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics,and low electrical conductivity.Organic functionalization,benefiting from its structural tunability and abundant functional groups,has been proven to be an effective strategy for enhancing the electrochemical performance of vanadium-based cathodes.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in organic-functionalized vanadium-based cathodes.First,the energy storage mechanism of vanadiumbased cathodes and the fundamental properties of organic compounds relevant to cathode optimization are outlined.Then,the functions of organic compounds are comprehensively analyzed from four key perspectives:capacity improvement,conductivity enhancement,Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics optimization,and cycling stability promotion.Furthermore,the specific electrochemical performance modulation effects and practical application examples of this strategy are discussed in detail.Finally,current limitations and challenges in this field are highlighted,and corresponding solutions and future research directions are proposed,offering theoretical guidance and insights for the development of high-performance vanadium-based cathodes for AZIBs.
基金financial support from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA21070500)the DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS(DNL201914)。
文摘Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been regarded as one of the alternatives to lithium ion batteries owing to their wide availability and significantly low cost of sodium sources.However,they face serious challenges of low energy&power density and short cycling lifespan owing to the heavy mass and large radius of Na^(+).Vanadium-based polyanionic compounds have advantageous characteristic of high operating voltage,high ionic conductivity and robust structural framework,which is conducive to their high energy&power density and long lifespan for SIBs.In this review,we will overview the latest V-based polyanionic compounds,along with the respective characteristic from the intrinsic crystal structure to performance presentation and improvement for SIBs.One of the most important aspect is to discover the essential problems existed in the present V-based polyanionic compounds for high-energy&power applications,and point out most suitable solutions from the crystal structure modulation,interface tailoring and electrode configuration design.Moreover,some scientific issues of V-based polyanionic compounds shall be also proposed and related future direction shall be provided.We believe that this review can serve as a motivation for further development of novel V-based polyanionic compounds and drive them toward high energy&power applications in the near future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(22105059,22179078,22479115)the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Special Project(B2024204027)+5 种基金the Youth Top-notch Talent Foundation of Hebei Provincial Universities(BJK2022023)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2023204006)the talent training project of Hebei province(No.B20231004)the Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in ShanghaiZhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY24E020002)Wenzhou basic scientific research project(G20240022)。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation large-scale energy storage systems due to the abundance of sodium resources,low solvation energy,and cost-effectiveness.Among the available cathode materials,vanadium-based sodium phosphate cathodes are particularly notable for their high operating voltage,excellent thermal stability,and superior cycling performance.However,these materials face significant challenges,including sluggish reaction kinetics,the toxicity of vanadium,and poor electronic conductivity.To overcome these limitations and enhance electrochemical performance,various strategies have been explored.These include morphology regulation via diverse synthesis routes and electronic structure optimization through metal doping,which effectively improve the diffusion of Na+and electrons in vanadium-based phosphate cathodes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges associated with V-based polyanion cathodes and examines the role of morphology and electronic structure design in enhancing performance.Key vanadium-based phosphate frameworks,such as orthophosphates(Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)),pyrophosphates(NaVP_(2)O_(7),Na_(2)(VO)P_(2)O_(7),Na_(7)V_(3)(P_(2)O_(7))_(4)),and mixed phosphates(Na_(7)V_(4)(P_(2)O_(7))_(4)PO_(4)),are discussed in detail,highlighting recent advances and insights into their structure-property relationships.The design of cathode material morphology offers an effective approach to optimizing material structures,compositions,porosity,and ion/electron diffusion pathways.Simultaneously,electronic structure tuning through element doping allows for the regulation of band structures,electron distribution,diffusion barriers,and the intrinsic conductivity of phosphate compounds.Addressing the challenges associated with vanadium-based sodium phosphate cathode materials,this study proposes feasible solutions and outlines future research directions toward advancement of high-performance vanadium-based polyanion cathodes.
基金support from Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2203068)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21902116)2024 Fundamental Research Funding of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province.Y.L.acknowledges the Program of China Scholarships Council(No.202206250016).
文摘Direct propane dehydrogenation(DPDH)represents a highly attractive route for on-purpose propylene production,a key building block in the petrochemical industry.In particular,among various catalytic platforms,vanadium-based catalysts have emerged as promising candidates due to their tunable properties including redox ability,surface acidity,and resistance to coking.Although the catalytic community has obtained great achievement in this area,how to promote vanadium-based catalysts towards the next step in DPDH applications like industrial-level implementations is still challenging.Moreover,there are still several controversial theories in our community,meaning it is necessary to clarify these indistinct points to pave the way for the next generation of research.Herein,the pivotal modification strategies of vanadium-based catalysts have been summarized via introducing representative works.In addition,the current unclear mechanism and research gaps,especially in the issues of deactivation and selectivity control,are also revealed so that the potential research directions are well-founded proposed.By integrating fundamental understanding and practical considerations,this review aims to inspire the further development of vanadium-based DPDH catalysts for in-depth academic research and next-generation industrial deployment.
基金supported by the Natural Science Research Project of the Education Department of Guizhou Province(No.QJJ[2022]001)。
文摘Cathode materials with excellent performance are a key to exploiting aqueous zinc ion batteries.In this study,we developed a cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries using an in situ anion–cation pre-intercalation strategy with a metal–organic framework.In situ doping of S and Zn in a vanadium-based metal–organic framework structure forms a Zn–S pre-intercalated vanadium oxide((Zn,S)VO)composite.The combination of the additional Zn^(2+)storage sites with pseudocapacitive behavior on the amorphous surface of the enriched oxygen defects and the enhancement of the structural toughness by strong ionic bonding together the unique nanostructure of the nanochains by the process of‘‘oriented attachment’’led to the preparation of the high-performance(Zn,S)VO composite.The results show that the(Zn,S)VO electrode has a capacity of 602.40 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1),an initial discharge capacity of 300.60 mAh·g^(-1)at 10.0 A·g^(-1),and a capacity retention rate of 99.93%after 3,500 cycles.Using the gel electrolyte,the capacity of(Zn,S)VO electrode is 233.15 and 650.93 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.2 A·g^(-1)in-20 and 60°C environments,respectively.Meanwhile,the(Zn,S)VO flexible batteries perform well in harsh environments.
文摘To address the longstanding challenge in traditional carborane methodology of rapidly and efficiently constructing carboranyl-based polycyclic frameworks,Pd-catalyzed one-pot reactions between pyridyl-substituted nidocarboranes and alkynes directly afford two distinct types of 2D-3D fused carboranyl polycyclic compounds:3a-3f,4a-4d.The structures of this series of compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,single-crystal X-ray diffraction,and high-resolution mass spectrometry,and a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.Crystal structures reveal that the multiple rings in such 2D-3D fused carboranyl polycyclic compounds exhibit a certain degree of coplanarity.Furthermore,these compounds exhibited properties distinct from those of conventional 2D polycyclic systems.CCDC:2481988,3c,2481990,3f,2481986,4d.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFA0703404 and 2017YFA0403704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11774121 and 91745203)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(Grant No.IRT_15R23).
文摘Light element compounds under high pressure display intriguing properties and applications,owing to their diverse bonding patterns and crystalline structures.However,the system of ternary Be-C-O compounds under high pressure,as the lightest representative of the IIA-IVA-VIA family,remains largely unexplored.Using a machine-learning-accelerated crystal structure search and first-principles calculations,Be-C-O phase diagrams are investigated at pressures ranging from 0 to 100 GPa.Four ternary compounds are proposed to be stable at corresponding pressures:BeCO_(3),Be_(2)CO_(4),Be_(2)C_(4)O_(3),and BeC_(4)O_(2).Analyses of electronic structure and chemical bonding further reveal how the structural diversity of these compounds is induced.Remarkably,Be_(2)C_(4)O_(3) and BeC_(4)O_(2) are recoverable to ambient conditions and possess both high energy density and high hardness.The volumetric energy densities of Be_(2)C_(4)O_(3) and BeC_(4)O_(2) could approach 9.03 and 7.94 kJ/cm^(3),respectively.The Vickers hardnesses of Be_(2)C_(4)O_(3) and BeC_(4)O_(2) are found to be close to 39.58 and 51.57 GPa,respectively.These findings demonstrate the structural and functional diversity of Be-C-O compounds under high pressure,providing guidance for further exploration of the IIA-IVA-VIA compounds.
基金supported by the National KeyR&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFB3817400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.12274276 and No.U24A6002)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(China)(Grant No.202403021223008)Supported by Scientific and Technology Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(Grant No.2024Q017 and No.2025L043).
文摘Layered transition-metal compounds(LTMCs)feature stacked architectures,strong magnetic anisotropy,and tunable magnetic order,making them promising material platforms for low-power spintronic technologies and for enabling topological functionalities in the post-Moore era.Here we review recent progress on two-dimensional(2D)magnetism in LTMCs,emphasizing material taxonomy,intrinsic magnetic properties,and external-field controls.This review first presents a classification of LTMCs by crystal structure and chemistry—binary halides,chalcogenides,and ternary families(e.g.,MPX_(3),M_(m)X_(n)Te_(k),MnBi_(2)Te_(4))—followed by a summary of their coupling mechanisms,ordering temperatures,and dimensional effects.It then analyzes the modulation of exchange interactions,magnetic anisotropy,and topological states by electric-field gating,strain engineering,and ion intercalation,with representative experimental demonstrations.Notable advances include room-temperature ferromagnetic metals and semiconductors,observation of the quantum anomalous Hall effect(QAHE)in MnBi2Te4,and synergistic control of magnetic-topological states under multiple external stimuli.Persistent challenges involve the limited availability of intrinsic 2D magnetic semiconductors with high Curie temperatures(Tc),incomplete understanding of the microscopic couplings at interfaces and under quantum confinement,and device-level stability.We conclude by outlining opportunities that lie in the integration of multiscale characterization,first-principles theory,and cross-scale fabrication to precisely co-engineer magnetism,topology,and electronic structure,thereby advancing LTMCs toward spintronic and topological-quantum applications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.LTGN24C020004)the Enterprise Cooperation Project,China(Grant No.HRJYH-202330)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Province Pioneer and Bellwethers Research&Development Project of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.2023C02014)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Grant No.CPSIBRFCNRRI-202303).
文摘To elucidate the variations in volatile organic compounds(VOCs)among widely cultivated japonica rice varieties in China and offer novel perspectives on flavor formation during rice-based beer brewing,nine prevalent Chinese japonica rice variaties were selected as experimental materials.Comprehensive analyses were conducted to investigate three key aspects:differences in VOCs among the selected japonica rice varieties,the retention of rice VOCs after beer brewing,and the influence of rice additives on beer sensory characteristics.Results showed that the total contents of VOCs in Wuyoudao 4(WYD4)and Nangeng 9108(NG9108)were significantly higher than those in the other varieties(P<0.05).The popcorn-flavor compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)was detected in Suigeng 27(SG27,26.80 ng/g),WYD4(25.25 ng/g),NG9108(21.18 ng/g),and Suigeng 18(SG18,11.62 ng/g),with the levels in the first three varieties significantly higher than those in SG18.Circular heatmap analysis classified the nine japonica varieties into three major categories:fragrant japonica from North China(WYD4),fragrant japonica from South China(NG9108),and others.Ten characteristic VOCs across the japonica varieties were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS).Using beer brewed with whole wheat as the control,we analyzed the VOCs and sensory characteristics of beer brewed with fragrant japonica rice as an additive.We found that rice VOCs were not detected in beer brewed with fragrant japonica rice as an additive.Adding rice promoted the formation of banana-like flavors and reduced the beer’s richness and mellowness.
基金Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.QKHJC-ZK[2024]654)Guizhou Provincial University Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Electronic Materials(No.QJJ[2023]021).
文摘Carbenes as one of the most important class of intermediates have been widely utilized in various organic synthetic transformations.Carbene insertion-initiated ring-opening reactions of cyclic ethers offer a valuable strategy for constructing new carbon-oxygen bonds.In comparison with traditional thermal or metal-mediated carbene transfer reactions,visible-light-promoted multi-component reaction strategy provides a mild and eco-friendly approach to access densely functionalized molecules.Recently,visible-light-induced multi-component carbene transfer reactions of diazo compounds have been rapidly developed and attracted a great deal of research interest of chemists owing to their advantages of simple operation,mild condition,high atom economy and rich structural diversity.This paper summarizes the recent research progress on the visible-light-promoted multi-component carbene transfer reactions of diazo compounds via ring-opening of cyclic ethers with various nucleophiles.The reaction patterns of different nucleophiles and their corresponding mechanism are described in this review.The future research direction and challenges in this area are also discussed.
文摘AIM:To investigate the genetic basis of Weill-Marchesani syndrome(WMS)in a Chinese family and clarify the pathogenic mechanism of novel ADAMTS17 mutations.METHODS:Comprehensive clinical assessments and genetic analyses were performed on a Chinese family with two affected siblings.Whole-exome sequencing(WES)was conducted for the proband and other family members.Bioinformatics tools were used to evaluate the conservation,predicted pathogenicity,and structural effects of the identified ADAMTS17 variants.In addition,protein structure modeling was applied to assess the functional impacts of the mutations.RESULTS:The proband(a 32-year-old male)and his elder sister(42y)presented typical clinical features of WMS,including short stature,brachydactyly,high myopia,ectopia lentis,and secondary glaucoma.WES identified a novel compound heterozygous mutation in ADAMTS17:a splicing mutation(c.451-2A>G)inherited from the father and a missense mutation(c.1043G>A;p.C348Y)inherited from the mother.The splicing mutation disrupted normal mRNA splicing and processing,leading to premature translation termination.The missense mutation,which is located in the metalloprotease catalytic domain,was predicted to abolish a critical disulfide bond,thereby impairing protein stability.Both mutations exhibited high evolutionary conservation and were predicted to be pathogenic by multiple bioinformatics algorithms.CONCLUSION:A novel compound heterozygous mutation in ADAMTS17 is identified in this WMS-affected Chinese family,and its pathogenicity is verified via bioinformatics analysis and protein structural modeling.These findings are expected to facilitate the genetic diagnosis of WMS and deepen the understanding of its molecular pathogenesis.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFC3714200)Guangxi Key Research and Development Program,China(No.Guike AB24010074)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22276099,U24A20515 and 22361162668)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240036)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX24_1529).
文摘Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the backdrop of global warming,plants emit more BVOCs to cope with thermal stress,leading to elevated concen-trations of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,a considerable body of research has explored the interaction between tree species and BVOCs under the influence of various environ-mental factors.Although many studies have examined explored the temperature dependence of BVOC emissions in the past,few studies have conducted a comprehensive and in-depth investigation into the impacts of tempera-ture.This review summarizes the relevant studies on BVOCs in the past decade,including the main biosynthetic pathways,emission observation techniques and emission inventories,as well as how temperature affects isoprene and monoterpene emission rates and the formation of O_(3) and SOA.Our work offers a theoretical foundation and guidance for future efforts to advance the comprehension of BVOC emission characteristics and develop strategies to mitigate secondary pollution.
基金supported by the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2024ZHCG0086)the Chongqing Science and Technology Commission(cstc2021jscx-cylhX0014).
文摘Chili fermentation is one of the most important processes in the production of Pixian Douban(PXDB),which determines the flavor and product quality of PXDB.However,the maturity of fermented chili mainly depends on empirical judgment,which can not satisfy the need for standardized production of PXDB.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate volatile and non-volatile substances during the maturation process and to find markers related to the maturity of fermented chili.Two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC×GC-MS)combined with multivariate statistical analysis and relative odor activity values(ROAV)analysis revealed that 2-methoxy-3-isobutyl pyrazine,linalool,3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde,myrcene,and decanal(ROAV≥1,VIP>1,P<0.05)were regarded as potentially active aromatic markers for differentiating fermentation time.Additionally,ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLCQTOF-MS)combined with multivariate statistical analysis revealed that 25 compounds could serve as differentiated non-volatile compounds.The correlation of maturity-related physicochemical indicators with volatile and nonvolatile compounds revealed that four volatile compounds(2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine,linalool,myrcene,and decanal)along with seven non-volatile compounds could serve as markers for evaluating the maturity of fermented chili.This study is expected to establish a standard for the determination of the maturity the fermented chili and lay the foundation for intelligent production of PXDB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51939009)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.JCYJ20241202125905008 and GXWD20201231165807007-20200810165349001).
文摘A trace analytical method based on solid-phase extraction gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE–GC–MS/MS)was developed for the rapid detection of 256 semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs),including 25 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),70 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),123 pesticides,20 phthalate esters(PAEs),4 organophosphate esters(OPEs),9 synthetic musks(SMs),and 5 UV filters(UVs)in water.No-tably,this method provided a decent linearity of calibration standards(R^(2)>0.999),excellent method limits of quantification(MLOQs)(0.12–11.41 ng/L),satisfactory matrix spiking recovery rates(60.4%–126%),and high precision(intra-day relative standard deviations(RSDs):1.0%–10.0%,inter-day RSDs:3.0%–15.0%,and inter-week RSDs:3.4%–15.7%),making it suitable for trace-level studies.Statistical analysis revealed that SVOCs with higher volatility exhibited enhanced recovery rates.Validation of the methodology involved analyzing SVOCs in real spring water and river water samples.Twenty-seven SVOCs were detected in spring water and 58 in river water,with an average concentration of 631.73 and 16,095 ng/L,respectively.Among the detected SVOCs,PAEs constituted the predominant proportion.This study underscored the presence of SVOCs contamination specifi-cally within the spring water,although SVOCs concentrations in river water were significantly greater than those found in spring water.In summary,this sensitive method based on SPE–GC–MS/MS was successfully developed and validated for the rapid analysis of a diverse array of 256 SVOCs at trace levels in water,including not only the traditional highly valued PAHs,PCBs,pesticides,and PAEs,but also the emerging OPEs,UVs,and SMs.
文摘BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20421)the Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province,the 533 Talent Program of Huaian City,and the College Students’Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program of Jiangsu Province(X202510323027).
文摘Endogenous hydrogen systems,consisting of metal–organic coordination catalysts and alcohols,have been widely applied for the transfer hydrogenation(TH)of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds in recent years.Metal-organic coordination catalysts showed satisfactory ability of TH in the secondary alcohols,but most of them could not effectively employ the cheaper primary alcohols as hydrogen donors.Furthermore,they commonly contained high metal contents,which also led to low catalytic efficiency in significant measure.In this work,we constructed a novel magnesium single-atom catalyst(Mg-NC)with merely 0.37 wt%Mg by means of a combined self-assembly and pyrolysis strategy.The characterization results indicated that Mg was atomically dispersed and it was coordinated with four pyridinic-N in Mg-NC.Due to the obvious electron transfer from Mg to its coordinated pyridinic-N,Mg–N_(4)active centers displayed high Lewis acid-base strength with abundant content,which brought remarkable catalytic activity.When Mg-NC was used for the TH of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)in ethanol(EtOH),2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan(BHMF)yield was up to 96.3%with high productivity of 19.85 molBHMF mol_(Mg)^(−1)h^(−1)at 150°C for 5 h.More interestingly,the process of TH over Mg-NC in EtOH was proved to proceed via the hydrogen radical mechanism.Additionally,Mg-NC exhibited powerful catalytic universality;it could not only utilize other primary alcohols(such as n-propanol and n-butanol)as hydrogen donors,but also catalyze the TH of other carbonyl compounds(such as furfural,5-methylfurfural,benzaldehyde,cyclohexanone,and levulinic acid).Overall,this work offered some important clues and references to reinforce the hydrogen-supplying ability of primary alcohols in the TH of various biomass-derived carbonyl compounds to high-value fine chemicals.
文摘In high-intensity electromagnetic warfare,radar systems are persistently subjected to multi-jammer attacks,including potentially novel unknown jamming types that may emerge exclusively under wartime conditions.These jamming signals severely degrade radar detection performance.Precise recognition of these unknown and compound jamming signals is critical to enhancing the anti-jamming capabilities and overall reliability of radar systems.To address this challenge,this article proposes a novel open-set compound jamming cognition(OSCJC)method.The proposed method employs a detection-classification dual-network architecture,which not only overcomes the false alarm and misdetection issues of traditional closed-set recognition methods when dealing with unknown jamming but also effectively addresses the performance bottleneck of existing open-set recognition techniques focusing on single jamming scenarios in compound jamming environments.To achieve unknown jamming detection,we first employ a consistency labeling strategy to train the detection network using diverse known jamming samples.This strategy enables the network to acquire highly generalizable jamming features,thereby accurately localizing candidate regions for individual jamming components within compound jamming.Subsequently,we introduce contrastive learning to optimize the classification network,significantly enhancing both intra-class clustering and inter-class separability in the jamming feature space.This method not only improves the recognition accuracy of the classification network for known jamming types but also enhances its sensitivity to unknown jamming types.Simulations and experimental data are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed OSCJC method.Compared with the state-of-the-art open-set recognition methods,the proposed method demonstrates superior recognition accuracy and enhanced environmental adaptability.
基金supported by Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project(No.2022ZDLSF06-08)Shaanxi Provincial Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team,China(No.2023-CX-TD-32)+1 种基金the Key Scientific Research Projects of Education Department of Shaanxi Province,China(No.22JY035)the Project of Youth Talent Lift Program of Shaanxi Association for Science and Technology,China(No.20230447).
文摘In the conventional water treatment process,algae have a propensity to breach the filter barriers and potentially seep into the water distribution system,leading to an elevation in taste and odor compounds(T&O compounds).This investigation delved into the seasonal fluctuations of algae penetration and the production of T&O compounds within the treatment units of Reservoir Water Plant 1(W1)and River Water Plant 2(W2).The findings indicated that despite the application of the‘pre-oxidation,coagulation and sedimentation(PCS),sand filtration,and disinfection’process,certain robust-walled filamentous Cyanobacteria,Bacillariophyta species,and small Chlorophyta genera managed to bypass the filters.The leakage of algal cells during autumn at W1 was particularly striking,with a peak of 1,170,000 cells/L.The concurrent assessment of the potential for T&O compound formation revealed an alarming high potential for 2-methylisoborneol(2-MIB)in the water leaving the plants,with concentrations soaring to 197.20 ng/L at W1 in autumn and 54.78 ng/L at W2 in summer.This underscores the significant capacity of residual algal cells to generate T&O compounds.Tracking the retention and penetration dynamics of algal cells across each drinking water treatment stage is crucial for surface water treatment facilities to develop effective operational and management strategies,thereby enhancing the safety and quality of drinking water for the end consumer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41905108 and 42130704).
文摘Carbonyl compounds play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary pollutants such as O_(3) and SOA,signifi-cantly impacting air quality and human health.This study extended the observation period compared to previous research,providing a long-term perspective on carbonyl compound variations and their environmental implica-tions.Atmospheric observations were conducted at Beijing(BJ)and Xianghe(XH)during the summer and winter months of 2018,2019,and 2023 to study the sources and impacts of carbonyl compounds in typical urban areas and peri‑urban areas.Notably,concentrations in the summer of 2023 increased compared to 2018 and 2019.The predominant carbonyl compounds—formaldehyde,acetaldehyde,and acetone—accounted for over 60%of the total.The mean values of OFP in BJ ranged from 18.55 to 58.61μg/m3,lower than those in XH(29.82 to 65.48μg/m3),with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde contributing over 80%of the total.SOAP exhibited a similar pattern,with values in XH(69.21 to 508.55μg/m3)significantly exceeding those in BJ(34.47 to 159.78μg/m3).The PMF model highlighted vehicle exhaust,secondary pollution,and biomass combustion as major sources of carbonyl compounds,emphasizing differences in source contributions between the two regions.This study’s com-parative analysis over different years and locations provides new insights into the dynamic changes in carbonyl compounds and their environmental importance.These results not only reinforce the importance of carbonyl compounds regulation but also offer a valuable reference for evaluating and refining emission control strategies during this period.
