The objective of this paper is the valuation of radiological health effects of Yatagan Power Plant. To this aim the radiation dose calculations are carried out for the population living within 80 km radius of the plan...The objective of this paper is the valuation of radiological health effects of Yatagan Power Plant. To this aim the radiation dose calculations are carried out for the population living within 80 km radius of the plant. The average of the maximum measured specific isotopes 238U, 232Th and 226Ra in the flying ash samples are considered as radioactive sources. Based on the dose calculations, first the stochastic health effects and then monetary health effects are estimated. The estimated total collective dose and economic value of the pre-dicted health effects are 0.3098 man Sv/y and 14791 US$/y respectively. The results obtained from the dose calculations are lower than the limits of International Commission of Radiation Protection (ICRP) and it does not pose any risk for public health. Monetary value of health risks is also negligible in comparison to the av-erage yearly sales revenue of the plant which is 250 million US$.展开更多
Cultural tourism helps preserve historical architecture and develop traditional arts in Xinjiangas the sun rises over Kazanqi in northwest China,the early morning silence is broken only by the tinkling sound of a hors...Cultural tourism helps preserve historical architecture and develop traditional arts in Xinjiangas the sun rises over Kazanqi in northwest China,the early morning silence is broken only by the tinkling sound of a horse’s sleigh bells.The old horsedrawn carriage bringing the day’s first visitors make its way slowly through the Kazanqi Folk Tourism District,a triple-A scenic spot in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.No tourist buses or cars are allowed here.Visitors travel around the area using traditional means of展开更多
In this study,we develop and empirically test a valuation model for a commonly encountered option in office leases:a tenant’s option to renew at future market rent(a fair market value)with lease termination as the ma...In this study,we develop and empirically test a valuation model for a commonly encountered option in office leases:a tenant’s option to renew at future market rent(a fair market value)with lease termination as the maturity date.The model integrates decision analysis with real options analysis and market risk with private risks.“Option value”is defined as the private value of the option to either party pre-contract,while“option price”assumes a fair agreement between transacting parties and can be positive(rental premium paid)or negative(rental discount offered).Without manifest expectations,an analysis of a sample of office leases supports the model’s logic with price estimates in a practical range.The tenants’option price/value is shown to have a negative relationship with the original/renewal lease term;conversely,the landlords’option value is positively related to the original/renewal term.Comparative analyses show that transaction costs have a positive effect on tenants’option value and on prices,while vacancy costs and the vacancy period are both positively related to the landlords’option value and negatively related to price.Market rent is found to have a negative relationship with option price.Overall,this study provides a theoretical analysis and empirical tests of the value of a real option that allows option holders to renew/extend their contracts at a fair market value.展开更多
This paper presents a pilot effort to identify a methodology to more efficiently codify, quantify and illustrate the intrinsic values associated with ecological resources as expressed by stakeholders. Existing methodo...This paper presents a pilot effort to identify a methodology to more efficiently codify, quantify and illustrate the intrinsic values associated with ecological resources as expressed by stakeholders. Existing methodologies examine the value of ecological resources, but are often criticized for their monetary focus. These methods generally produce quasi-market values for non-market resources. The natural and cultural resources associated with a national park are analyzed in terms of the expressed values of active stakeholders to quantitatively produce multiple dimensions of value for each resource relative to all others. The resulting abstract and graphical value-space quantitatively reflects stakeholder participation, reflects non-market intrinsic value, and proactively contributes to environmental management and decision making.展开更多
The existing building (EB) as a system and part of the whole system is causing expansion knowledge, which we need if valuate heritage building (HB) or building in the city center (CCB). In many reasons, HB should not ...The existing building (EB) as a system and part of the whole system is causing expansion knowledge, which we need if valuate heritage building (HB) or building in the city center (CCB). In many reasons, HB should not be the subject of capital, and therefore not dependent on supply and demand. Valuation of HB or CCB needs attention to the understanding of the difference between buildings even if they stand in the same street or part of the city. This involves so many things, for example, intangible heritage, position on the street, sun expose, traffic, metro, bus station, school, park, etc. We need enough knowledge and mechanism for support to get it. How to get enough knowledge for valuation HB or CCB? Background of real estate value of cultural HB or CCB arises from the system, which needs many elements. Firstly, understanding the building as a system with materials, installations, details, and intangible cultural heritage has an impact on details in buildings. Secondly, HB or CCB is important to understand our history, and they are like books that content history knowledge of engineering and arts. Thirdly, property value does not always arise from buildings. Value involves traffic, sun-exposed, the distance from social buildings (hospital, bus station, railway station) or parks, noise, air pollution, etc. HB or CCB is part of the higher/bigger system. This type of real estate presents many reasons for introducing interdisciplinarity and is part of a complete global system. Interdisciplinarity requires knowledge and new approaches to help in the acquisition of knowledge. The goal of these approaches is how in a simpler and faster way to gain knowledge about the object, HB and CCB, and the wider system. Information technology allows collecting a wider range of information faster and better than in the past. At the same time, the same information changes into the necessary knowledge, but the question is if we have enough mass of data and what kind of data we need. The paper shows the theoretical background for the valuation of HB and CCB system.展开更多
Recreation and beach use constitute core aspects of coastal tourism development since they incorporate various stakeholders at different levels and diverse activities. This research investigates the economical recreat...Recreation and beach use constitute core aspects of coastal tourism development since they incorporate various stakeholders at different levels and diverse activities. This research investigates the economical recreational value of the coastal zone between Molos and Arkitsa, in prefecture of Fthiotida, in Sterea Ellada region, in Greece. The study area provides substantial benefits to host community and remains an advantageous natural setting for tourism sustainable development. An economic valuation of the benefits largely assists the efforts of the local authorities to establish viable tourism products and preferred destination attributes. The travel cost method was used to estimate recreation demand. Based on personal and on site interviews 1,433 questionnaires were collected. The consumer surplus per day enjoyed by the visitors is 22,352.28 （Euros）. The analysis assigned a considerable value to the coastal zone. Results shed light on core issues such as environmental management and proper resource allocation in view of finding areas for further improvement so as to increase consumer surplus by satisfying the needs and wants of coastal visitors.展开更多
Wisdom and Belief of the East-Understanding the Chinese Values Author:Han Zhen Price:RMB 95 Paperback,207 pages Published by Foreign Languages Press China is increasingly taking center stage in the international arena...Wisdom and Belief of the East-Understanding the Chinese Values Author:Han Zhen Price:RMB 95 Paperback,207 pages Published by Foreign Languages Press China is increasingly taking center stage in the international arena,and people from around the world are particularly interested in the path the country has taken and the direction it is heading in.More importantly,they want to know what China can contribute to the world.All this curiosity may be boiled down to a seemingly simple question:How to understand China?However,it is not a question that is easily answered in just a few words.展开更多
Water resource management is critical to Turkey’s economy and environment. The country has about 112 billion m<sup>3</sup> per year of economically exploitable water. However, population growth, climate c...Water resource management is critical to Turkey’s economy and environment. The country has about 112 billion m<sup>3</sup> per year of economically exploitable water. However, population growth, climate change and pollution of water bodies are putting increasing pressure on these resources. In this context, understanding the contribution of water to the economy and environment is crucial for its conservation. To meet this need, the World Bank launched a program aiming at improving valuation and accounting systems of natural resources in Turkey. As part of this program, this article estimates in monetary terms the economic value of water in Bey?ehir Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Turkey. Valuation is based on the Total Economic Value concept, which includes use and non-use values. The results show that the economic value of water is about seven times higher than its financial value. In addition, the economic value of water allocated for municipal use (TL5/m<sup>3</sup>) is substantially greater than that supplied for irrigation (TL0.5/m<sup>3</sup>). The analysis suggests that allocation of water from Bey?ehir Lake among different uses is inefficient. To validate this conclusion and improve allocation, a more comprehensive assessment of the economic benefits of water resources is needed, particularly of water supply for irrigation, municipal use, recreation and biodiversity. The analysis also indicates that economic valuation can be a powerful tool to improve water management at the river basin level.展开更多
The present research developed a bioeconomic model for control of Californian thistle （Cirsium arvense L. Scop.） in intensive, lowland sheep pastures in New Zealand. Production costs included two control methods： h...The present research developed a bioeconomic model for control of Californian thistle （Cirsium arvense L. Scop.） in intensive, lowland sheep pastures in New Zealand. Production costs included two control methods： herbicides and defoliation, with defoliation encompassing both physical means and biocontrol measures. The model was used to examine the economic value of a research programme into biological control of the weed, given several different future scenarios. These scenarios were high herbicide prices, a price premium for lamb raised without chemical herbicides, and development of herbicide resistance. The model results were used to estimate national impacts. If the only change in the agricultural sector was the cost of the biocontrol to the nation＇s farmers, the research programme to find an effective biocontrol agent had little economic impact. If other factors changed, such as the price of petroleum or levels of herbicide resistance in the weed. the model＇s results suggested that intensive sheep farming could grow or shrink by as much as NZ$219 million dollars over five years. In the latter case, having an alternative control method reduced potential losses and increased potential gains, resulting in a net benefit of between NZ$81 million and NZ$153 million. This work extended prior research in several ways. First. Californian thistle reproduces via root buds, which affected the modelling of weed behaviour. Secondly, the model allowed optimistation over continuous levels of weed control for two different methods. Thirdly, the model accounted for both weed control and damage to nitrogen-fixing clover from herbicide use. Finally, the research investigated optimal weed control in several different alternative future states.展开更多
This study was aimed to prepare landslide susceptibility maps for the Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand,India,using advanced ensemble models that combined Radial Basis Function Networks(RBFN)with three ensemble lear...This study was aimed to prepare landslide susceptibility maps for the Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand,India,using advanced ensemble models that combined Radial Basis Function Networks(RBFN)with three ensemble learning techniques:DAGGING(DG),MULTIBOOST(MB),and ADABOOST(AB).This combination resulted in three distinct ensemble models:DG-RBFN,MB-RBFN,and AB-RBFN.Additionally,a traditional weighted method,Information Value(IV),and a benchmark machine learning(ML)model,Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network(MLP),were employed for comparison and validation.The models were developed using ten landslide conditioning factors,which included slope,aspect,elevation,curvature,land cover,geomorphology,overburden depth,lithology,distance to rivers and distance to roads.These factors were instrumental in predicting the output variable,which was the probability of landslide occurrence.Statistical analysis of the models’performance indicated that the DG-RBFN model,with an Area Under ROC Curve(AUC)of 0.931,outperformed the other models.The AB-RBFN model achieved an AUC of 0.929,the MB-RBFN model had an AUC of 0.913,and the MLP model recorded an AUC of 0.926.These results suggest that the advanced ensemble ML model DG-RBFN was more accurate than traditional statistical model,single MLP model,and other ensemble models in preparing trustworthy landslide susceptibility maps,thereby enhancing land use planning and decision-making.展开更多
The rapid population and land urbanization not only promoted economic development but also affected the ecosystem service value(ESV).In the context of new-type urbanization and green development,it’s essential to inv...The rapid population and land urbanization not only promoted economic development but also affected the ecosystem service value(ESV).In the context of new-type urbanization and green development,it’s essential to investigate the impacts of urbanization on ESV in China.However,a comprehensive and dynamic framework to reveal the relationship between ESV and urbanization processes is lacking.This study adopted multi-source datasets to portray China’s urbanization process by integrating population,land,and economic urbanization,eval-uated the ESV changes of 10 categories by gross ecosystem product(GEP)methods,and explored ESV changes within different urbanization scales and speeds.The results showed rapid urbanization in the population,land,and economic dimensions in China,with a faster process of economic urbanization.The ESV also exhibited an increasing trend,with higher levels in the southeastern coastal regions and lower levels in the northwestern regions.Urbanization had positive impacts on ESV across various research units,but the ESV exhibited heteroge-neous changes across different urbanization scales,speeds,and their interactive effects.The response of ESV to dynamic urbanization processes was influenced by socio-economic,ecological,and policy factors;it is essential to combine targeted measures with general ecological product value realization methods in each unit to maximize social-economic-ecological benefits.展开更多
Highlights:Values and valuing are seen as enhancing pedagogical actions.•Throughout the papers,the review of the literature is complemented and each research includes specific theoretical constructs.•Regarding researc...Highlights:Values and valuing are seen as enhancing pedagogical actions.•Throughout the papers,the review of the literature is complemented and each research includes specific theoretical constructs.•Regarding research methods,quantitative comparative research projects,which explore students'values related to mathematics,have been influencing other research about values.•A broad and shared theme by the group is the observation of the educational phenomena from a perspective that acknowledges culture and the humanness of the mathematical knowledge.In their research,the collective of authors truly incorporates humaneness in the production and in the teaching and learning of mathematics.展开更多
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)has created favorable conditions for building deeply integrated agricultural value chains(AVC)in Asia-Pacific.Based on the RCEP agreement,this study employed the gl...The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)has created favorable conditions for building deeply integrated agricultural value chains(AVC)in Asia-Pacific.Based on the RCEP agreement,this study employed the global trade analysis project(GTAP)model to evaluate the impact of RCEP on AVC of member countries in terms of time,tariff reduction,and reduction of non-tariff barriers(NTB).The results indicate that(1)the implementation of RCEP boosts the value-added to agricultural exports for most member countries,particularly in competitive industries;(2)the increase in domestic production and processing capacity,reflected in domestic value-added(DVA),is the primary factor driving the rise in the value-added of agricultural exports across various industries of member countries;(3)RCEP enhances the participation of most regional countries in AVC,with varying impacts on AVC positioning,thereby fostering regional AvC development;and(4)RCEP has a positive effect on AVC indicators both in the short and long term,with the effect becoming more pronounced over time.Additionally,reducing NTB enhances the positive effects of tariff reductions on AVC indicators.Based on the analyses,the following recommendations are proposed:(1)Leverage the development opportunities arising from RCEP implementation to enhance the agricultural DVA;(2)capitalize on cooperative opportunities created by RCEP to build cohesive regional AVC;and(3)prioritize the effective implementation of RCEP'shigh-qualityrules.展开更多
Machine learning is employed to comprehensively analyze and predict the hardenability of 20CrMo steel.The hardenability dataset includes J9 and J15 hardenability values,chemical composition,and heat treatment paramete...Machine learning is employed to comprehensively analyze and predict the hardenability of 20CrMo steel.The hardenability dataset includes J9 and J15 hardenability values,chemical composition,and heat treatment parameters.Various machine learning models,including linear regression(LR),k-nearest neighbors(KNN),random forest(RF),and extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),are employed to develop predictive models for the hardenability of 20CrMo steel.Among these models,the XGBoost model achieves the best performance,with coefficients of determination(R2)of 0.941 and 0.946 for predicting J9 and J15 values,respectively.The predictions fall with a±2 HRC bandwidth for 98%of J9 cases and 99%of J15 cases.Additionally,SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)analysis is used to identify the key elements that significantly influence the hardenability of the 20CrMo steel.The analysis revealed that alloying elements such as Si,Cr,C,N and Mo play significant roles in hardenability.The strengths and weaknesses of various machine learning models in predicting hardenability are also discussed.展开更多
This study investigated the application and the application value of intelligent emergency in emergency management in the big data environment.It addresses the neglect of the application value(performance)measurement ...This study investigated the application and the application value of intelligent emergency in emergency management in the big data environment.It addresses the neglect of the application value(performance)measurement of intelligent emergency,further improving the effectiveness of intelligent emergency management.First,approximately 3,900 documents from the intelligent emergency field are analyzed to determine the future research trend in intelligent emergency management.The socio-technical theory concerning technical and social systems is introduced.The emergency management system concepts of“technology enabling”and“enabling value creation”are defined according to bibliometric analysis and socio-technical theory.Second,a research framework that includes technology enabling and enabling value creation for the decision-making paradigm in emergency management according to the big data environment is constructed.A detailed analysis approach from intelligent emergency technology enabling to enabling value creation in emergency management is proposed.Finally,earthquake disasters are taken as examples,and specific analyses of the intelligent emergency enabling and enabling value creation are explored;enabling value creation is discussed based on measurable indicators.The clear concept of emergency management system technology enabling and enabling value creation,as well as the detailed analysis approach from intelligent emergency technology enabling to enabling value creation,provide a theoretical bases for scholars and practitioners to evaluate the value(performance)of intelligent emergency for the first time.展开更多
As a new type of production factor in healthcare,healthcare data elements have been rapidly integrated into various health production processes,such as clinical assistance,health management,biological testing,and oper...As a new type of production factor in healthcare,healthcare data elements have been rapidly integrated into various health production processes,such as clinical assistance,health management,biological testing,and operation and supervision[1,2].Healthcare data elements include biolog.ical and clinical data that are related to disease,environ-mental health data that are associated with life,and operational and healthcare management data that are related to healthcare activities(Figure 1).Activities such as the construction of a data value assessment system,the devel-opment of a data circulation and sharing platform,and the authorization of data compliance and operation products support the strong growth momentum of the market for health care data elements in China[3].展开更多
As the development of new power systems accelerates and the impacts of high renewable energy integration and extreme weather intensify,grid-alternative energy storage is garnering increasing attention for its grid-int...As the development of new power systems accelerates and the impacts of high renewable energy integration and extreme weather intensify,grid-alternative energy storage is garnering increasing attention for its grid-interaction benefits and clear business models.Consequently,assessing the value of grid-alternative energy storage in the systemtransition has become critically important.Considering the performance characteristics of storage,we propose a value assessment frame-work for grid-alternative energy storage,quantifying its non-wires-alternative effects from both cost and benefit perspectives.Building on this,we developed a collaborative planning model for energy storage and transmission grids,aimed at maximizing the economic benefits of storage systems while balancing investment and operational costs.The model considers regional grid interconnections and their interactions with system operation.By participating in system operations,grid-alternative energy storage not only maximizes its own economic benefits but also generates social welfare transfer effects.Furthermore,based on multi-regional interconnected planning,grid-alternative energy storage can reduce system costs by approximately 35%,with the most significant changes observed in generation costs.Multi-regional coordinated planning significantly enhances the sys-tem’s flexibility in regulation.However,when the load factor of interconnection lines between regions remains constant,system operational flexibility tends to decrease,leading to a roughly 28.9%increase in storage investment.Additionally,under regional coordinated planning,the greater the disparity in wind power integration across interconnected regions,the more noticeable the reduction in system costs.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the burden of caregivers of CHF patients in the current environment,to explore the related burden and influencing factors of caring for patients with chronic heart failure,and to explore the impac...Objective:To analyze the burden of caregivers of CHF patients in the current environment,to explore the related burden and influencing factors of caring for patients with chronic heart failure,and to explore the impact of filial piety values on the burden of caring for patients.Methods:192 caregivers of CHF patients in the hospital were selected as the main objects of this study.The main method was convenient sampling.Through a questionnaire survey of 192 CHF patients'caregivers,a unified investigation was conducted from the aspects of patient"'s general condition,objective burden,anxiety and depression degree and relationship quality,etc.The structural equation model was constructed and adjusted by analyzing data entry and variable correlation.Finally,path analysis was used to conduct inferential research on the direct and indirect influencing factors of control burden.Results:More than half of the patients'caregivers had a caregiving burden,and the practical caregiving dimension had the highest score.The total effect values of patient-related factors,including anxiety degree,number of concomitant diseases and half-year readmission rate,were 0.36,0.31 and 0.20,respectively(P<0.05).The total effect values of filial piety,anxiety degree,average care time and understanding degree of disease directly derived from the caregivers themselves were-0.38,0.29,0.29 and-0.23,respectively(P<0.05).In addition,the influence of filial piety values on the caregiver burden was more obvious,and the direct effect value of the value was-0.41(P<0.001).Conclusion:Most caregivers of CHF patients have a certain objective burden of care,and there are many factors that affect it,among which the degree of filial piety value is the most important.This finding provides a clear goal for caregivers to develop measures to improve the caregiver burden.展开更多
The scientific assessment of ecosystem ser-vice value(ESV)plays a critical role in regional ecologi-cal protection and management,rational land use planning,and the establishment of ecological security barriers.The ec...The scientific assessment of ecosystem ser-vice value(ESV)plays a critical role in regional ecologi-cal protection and management,rational land use planning,and the establishment of ecological security barriers.The ecosystem service value of the Northeast Forest Belt from 2005 to 2020 was assessed,focusing on spatial–temporal changes and the driving forces behind these dynamics.Using multi-source data,the equivalent factor method,and geo-graphic detectors,we analyzed natural and socio-economic factors affecting the region.which was crucial for effective ecological conservation and land-use planning.Enhanced the effectiveness of policy formulation and land use plan-ning.The results show that the ESV of the Northeast Forest Belt exhibits an overall increasing trend from 2005 to 2020,with forests and wetlands contributing the most.However,there are significant differences between forest belts.Driven by natural and socio-economic factors,the ESV of forest belts in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces showed significant growth.In contrast,the ESV of Forest Belts in Liaoning and Inner Mongolia of China remains relatively stable,but the spatial differentiation within these regions is characterized by significant clustering of high-value and low-value areas.Furthermore,climate regulation and hydrological regulation services were identified as the most important ecological functions in the Northeast Forest Belt,contributing greatly to regional ecological stability and human well-being.The ESV in the Northeast Forest Belt is improved during the study period,but the stability of the ecosystem is still chal-lenged by the dual impacts of natural and socio-economic factors.To further optimize regional land use planning and ecological protection policies,it is recommended to prior-itize the conservation of high-ESV areas,enhance ecological restoration efforts for wetlands and forests,and reasonably control the spatial layout of urban expansion and agricul-tural development.Additionally,this study highlights the importance of tailored ecological compensation policies and strategic land-use planning to balance environmental protec-tion and economic growth.展开更多
BACKGROUND Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis,often triggered by dental issues like periapical periodontitis,significantly contributes to chronic sinusitis,mainly affecting adults around 50 years old,emphasizing the need...BACKGROUND Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis,often triggered by dental issues like periapical periodontitis,significantly contributes to chronic sinusitis,mainly affecting adults around 50 years old,emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment approach.AIM To investigate the therapeutic effect and clinical value of root canal therapy combined with nasal endoscopic surgery compared with simple root canal the-rapy in the treatment of severe odontogenic maxillary sinusitis caused by peria-pical periodontitis.METHODS The clinical data,diagnosis,and treatment of 200 patients with severe odonto-genic maxillary sinusitis caused by periapical periodontitis from October 2020 to October 2021 were analyzed retrospectively.Among them,63 patients were treated with simple root canal therapy as the control group,and 137 patients were treated with root canal therapy combined with nasal endoscopic surgery as the observation group.The therapeutic effect,Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score,paranasal sinus Lund-Mackay score,complication rate,recurrence rate,and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS First,we compared the effective rates:23 cases were cured,22 were improved,and 8 were ineffective in the control group,yielding a total effective rate of 84.90%.Meanwhile,97 cases were cured,34 improved,and 6 were ineffective in the observation group,resulting in a total effective rate of 95.62%.The observation group had a higher total effective rate compared with the control group(P<0.05).Second,we compared the Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score.Before treatment,no significant difference(P>0.05)was observed in this score between the two groups.After treatment,the Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score decreased in both groups.The Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score of the observation group at 3 and 6 mo after treatment was lower compared to that of the control group(P<0.05).Third,we compared the Lund–Mackay score of paranasal sinuses.Before treatment,there was no significant difference in this score between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the Lund–Mackay scores of paranasal sinuses decreased in both groups.The Lund–Mackay scores of paranasal sinuses in the observation group at 3 and 6 mo after treatment were lower compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).Fourth,we compared the incidence and recurrence rate of complications.Three months after treatment,no significant difference was found in the incidence and recurrence rate of complications between the observation group(6.56%)and the control group(9.52%)(P>0.05).However,6 mo after treatment,the incidence and recurrence rate of complications in the observation group(2.91%)was significantly higher compared to that of the control group(12.69%)(P<0.05).Fifth,we compared patient satisfaction.Six months after treatment,the patient satisfaction of the observation group(93.43%)was significantly better than that of the control group(84.12%)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Root canal therapy combined with nasal endoscopic surgery has a good therapeutic effect on severe odontogenic maxillary sinusitis caused by periapical periodontitis,and it can reduce the injury of maxillary sinus mucosa and bone,and significantly reduce the incidence of complications and recurrence rate.Meanwhile,it has high patient satisfaction and remarkable therapeutic effect,which is suggested to be popularized and applied in clinic.展开更多
文摘The objective of this paper is the valuation of radiological health effects of Yatagan Power Plant. To this aim the radiation dose calculations are carried out for the population living within 80 km radius of the plant. The average of the maximum measured specific isotopes 238U, 232Th and 226Ra in the flying ash samples are considered as radioactive sources. Based on the dose calculations, first the stochastic health effects and then monetary health effects are estimated. The estimated total collective dose and economic value of the pre-dicted health effects are 0.3098 man Sv/y and 14791 US$/y respectively. The results obtained from the dose calculations are lower than the limits of International Commission of Radiation Protection (ICRP) and it does not pose any risk for public health. Monetary value of health risks is also negligible in comparison to the av-erage yearly sales revenue of the plant which is 250 million US$.
文摘Cultural tourism helps preserve historical architecture and develop traditional arts in Xinjiangas the sun rises over Kazanqi in northwest China,the early morning silence is broken only by the tinkling sound of a horse’s sleigh bells.The old horsedrawn carriage bringing the day’s first visitors make its way slowly through the Kazanqi Folk Tourism District,a triple-A scenic spot in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.No tourist buses or cars are allowed here.Visitors travel around the area using traditional means of
基金research grants(P0030199 and P0038209)from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University。
文摘In this study,we develop and empirically test a valuation model for a commonly encountered option in office leases:a tenant’s option to renew at future market rent(a fair market value)with lease termination as the maturity date.The model integrates decision analysis with real options analysis and market risk with private risks.“Option value”is defined as the private value of the option to either party pre-contract,while“option price”assumes a fair agreement between transacting parties and can be positive(rental premium paid)or negative(rental discount offered).Without manifest expectations,an analysis of a sample of office leases supports the model’s logic with price estimates in a practical range.The tenants’option price/value is shown to have a negative relationship with the original/renewal lease term;conversely,the landlords’option value is positively related to the original/renewal term.Comparative analyses show that transaction costs have a positive effect on tenants’option value and on prices,while vacancy costs and the vacancy period are both positively related to the landlords’option value and negatively related to price.Market rent is found to have a negative relationship with option price.Overall,this study provides a theoretical analysis and empirical tests of the value of a real option that allows option holders to renew/extend their contracts at a fair market value.
文摘This paper presents a pilot effort to identify a methodology to more efficiently codify, quantify and illustrate the intrinsic values associated with ecological resources as expressed by stakeholders. Existing methodologies examine the value of ecological resources, but are often criticized for their monetary focus. These methods generally produce quasi-market values for non-market resources. The natural and cultural resources associated with a national park are analyzed in terms of the expressed values of active stakeholders to quantitatively produce multiple dimensions of value for each resource relative to all others. The resulting abstract and graphical value-space quantitatively reflects stakeholder participation, reflects non-market intrinsic value, and proactively contributes to environmental management and decision making.
文摘The existing building (EB) as a system and part of the whole system is causing expansion knowledge, which we need if valuate heritage building (HB) or building in the city center (CCB). In many reasons, HB should not be the subject of capital, and therefore not dependent on supply and demand. Valuation of HB or CCB needs attention to the understanding of the difference between buildings even if they stand in the same street or part of the city. This involves so many things, for example, intangible heritage, position on the street, sun expose, traffic, metro, bus station, school, park, etc. We need enough knowledge and mechanism for support to get it. How to get enough knowledge for valuation HB or CCB? Background of real estate value of cultural HB or CCB arises from the system, which needs many elements. Firstly, understanding the building as a system with materials, installations, details, and intangible cultural heritage has an impact on details in buildings. Secondly, HB or CCB is important to understand our history, and they are like books that content history knowledge of engineering and arts. Thirdly, property value does not always arise from buildings. Value involves traffic, sun-exposed, the distance from social buildings (hospital, bus station, railway station) or parks, noise, air pollution, etc. HB or CCB is part of the higher/bigger system. This type of real estate presents many reasons for introducing interdisciplinarity and is part of a complete global system. Interdisciplinarity requires knowledge and new approaches to help in the acquisition of knowledge. The goal of these approaches is how in a simpler and faster way to gain knowledge about the object, HB and CCB, and the wider system. Information technology allows collecting a wider range of information faster and better than in the past. At the same time, the same information changes into the necessary knowledge, but the question is if we have enough mass of data and what kind of data we need. The paper shows the theoretical background for the valuation of HB and CCB system.
文摘Recreation and beach use constitute core aspects of coastal tourism development since they incorporate various stakeholders at different levels and diverse activities. This research investigates the economical recreational value of the coastal zone between Molos and Arkitsa, in prefecture of Fthiotida, in Sterea Ellada region, in Greece. The study area provides substantial benefits to host community and remains an advantageous natural setting for tourism sustainable development. An economic valuation of the benefits largely assists the efforts of the local authorities to establish viable tourism products and preferred destination attributes. The travel cost method was used to estimate recreation demand. Based on personal and on site interviews 1,433 questionnaires were collected. The consumer surplus per day enjoyed by the visitors is 22,352.28 （Euros）. The analysis assigned a considerable value to the coastal zone. Results shed light on core issues such as environmental management and proper resource allocation in view of finding areas for further improvement so as to increase consumer surplus by satisfying the needs and wants of coastal visitors.
文摘Wisdom and Belief of the East-Understanding the Chinese Values Author:Han Zhen Price:RMB 95 Paperback,207 pages Published by Foreign Languages Press China is increasingly taking center stage in the international arena,and people from around the world are particularly interested in the path the country has taken and the direction it is heading in.More importantly,they want to know what China can contribute to the world.All this curiosity may be boiled down to a seemingly simple question:How to understand China?However,it is not a question that is easily answered in just a few words.
文摘Water resource management is critical to Turkey’s economy and environment. The country has about 112 billion m<sup>3</sup> per year of economically exploitable water. However, population growth, climate change and pollution of water bodies are putting increasing pressure on these resources. In this context, understanding the contribution of water to the economy and environment is crucial for its conservation. To meet this need, the World Bank launched a program aiming at improving valuation and accounting systems of natural resources in Turkey. As part of this program, this article estimates in monetary terms the economic value of water in Bey?ehir Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Turkey. Valuation is based on the Total Economic Value concept, which includes use and non-use values. The results show that the economic value of water is about seven times higher than its financial value. In addition, the economic value of water allocated for municipal use (TL5/m<sup>3</sup>) is substantially greater than that supplied for irrigation (TL0.5/m<sup>3</sup>). The analysis suggests that allocation of water from Bey?ehir Lake among different uses is inefficient. To validate this conclusion and improve allocation, a more comprehensive assessment of the economic benefits of water resources is needed, particularly of water supply for irrigation, municipal use, recreation and biodiversity. The analysis also indicates that economic valuation can be a powerful tool to improve water management at the river basin level.
文摘The present research developed a bioeconomic model for control of Californian thistle （Cirsium arvense L. Scop.） in intensive, lowland sheep pastures in New Zealand. Production costs included two control methods： herbicides and defoliation, with defoliation encompassing both physical means and biocontrol measures. The model was used to examine the economic value of a research programme into biological control of the weed, given several different future scenarios. These scenarios were high herbicide prices, a price premium for lamb raised without chemical herbicides, and development of herbicide resistance. The model results were used to estimate national impacts. If the only change in the agricultural sector was the cost of the biocontrol to the nation＇s farmers, the research programme to find an effective biocontrol agent had little economic impact. If other factors changed, such as the price of petroleum or levels of herbicide resistance in the weed. the model＇s results suggested that intensive sheep farming could grow or shrink by as much as NZ$219 million dollars over five years. In the latter case, having an alternative control method reduced potential losses and increased potential gains, resulting in a net benefit of between NZ$81 million and NZ$153 million. This work extended prior research in several ways. First. Californian thistle reproduces via root buds, which affected the modelling of weed behaviour. Secondly, the model allowed optimistation over continuous levels of weed control for two different methods. Thirdly, the model accounted for both weed control and damage to nitrogen-fixing clover from herbicide use. Finally, the research investigated optimal weed control in several different alternative future states.
基金the University of Transport Technology under the project entitled“Application of Machine Learning Algorithms in Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Mountainous Areas”with grant number DTTD2022-16.
文摘This study was aimed to prepare landslide susceptibility maps for the Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand,India,using advanced ensemble models that combined Radial Basis Function Networks(RBFN)with three ensemble learning techniques:DAGGING(DG),MULTIBOOST(MB),and ADABOOST(AB).This combination resulted in three distinct ensemble models:DG-RBFN,MB-RBFN,and AB-RBFN.Additionally,a traditional weighted method,Information Value(IV),and a benchmark machine learning(ML)model,Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network(MLP),were employed for comparison and validation.The models were developed using ten landslide conditioning factors,which included slope,aspect,elevation,curvature,land cover,geomorphology,overburden depth,lithology,distance to rivers and distance to roads.These factors were instrumental in predicting the output variable,which was the probability of landslide occurrence.Statistical analysis of the models’performance indicated that the DG-RBFN model,with an Area Under ROC Curve(AUC)of 0.931,outperformed the other models.The AB-RBFN model achieved an AUC of 0.929,the MB-RBFN model had an AUC of 0.913,and the MLP model recorded an AUC of 0.926.These results suggest that the advanced ensemble ML model DG-RBFN was more accurate than traditional statistical model,single MLP model,and other ensemble models in preparing trustworthy landslide susceptibility maps,thereby enhancing land use planning and decision-making.
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41931293)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42271275).
文摘The rapid population and land urbanization not only promoted economic development but also affected the ecosystem service value(ESV).In the context of new-type urbanization and green development,it’s essential to investigate the impacts of urbanization on ESV in China.However,a comprehensive and dynamic framework to reveal the relationship between ESV and urbanization processes is lacking.This study adopted multi-source datasets to portray China’s urbanization process by integrating population,land,and economic urbanization,eval-uated the ESV changes of 10 categories by gross ecosystem product(GEP)methods,and explored ESV changes within different urbanization scales and speeds.The results showed rapid urbanization in the population,land,and economic dimensions in China,with a faster process of economic urbanization.The ESV also exhibited an increasing trend,with higher levels in the southeastern coastal regions and lower levels in the northwestern regions.Urbanization had positive impacts on ESV across various research units,but the ESV exhibited heteroge-neous changes across different urbanization scales,speeds,and their interactive effects.The response of ESV to dynamic urbanization processes was influenced by socio-economic,ecological,and policy factors;it is essential to combine targeted measures with general ecological product value realization methods in each unit to maximize social-economic-ecological benefits.
文摘Highlights:Values and valuing are seen as enhancing pedagogical actions.•Throughout the papers,the review of the literature is complemented and each research includes specific theoretical constructs.•Regarding research methods,quantitative comparative research projects,which explore students'values related to mathematics,have been influencing other research about values.•A broad and shared theme by the group is the observation of the educational phenomena from a perspective that acknowledges culture and the humanness of the mathematical knowledge.In their research,the collective of authors truly incorporates humaneness in the production and in the teaching and learning of mathematics.
基金supported by the Major Subject of the National Social Science Foundation of China(21&ZD093)the Basic Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(16100520240017)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAASCSAERD-202402,10-IAED-04-2024)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-08).
文摘The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)has created favorable conditions for building deeply integrated agricultural value chains(AVC)in Asia-Pacific.Based on the RCEP agreement,this study employed the global trade analysis project(GTAP)model to evaluate the impact of RCEP on AVC of member countries in terms of time,tariff reduction,and reduction of non-tariff barriers(NTB).The results indicate that(1)the implementation of RCEP boosts the value-added to agricultural exports for most member countries,particularly in competitive industries;(2)the increase in domestic production and processing capacity,reflected in domestic value-added(DVA),is the primary factor driving the rise in the value-added of agricultural exports across various industries of member countries;(3)RCEP enhances the participation of most regional countries in AVC,with varying impacts on AVC positioning,thereby fostering regional AvC development;and(4)RCEP has a positive effect on AVC indicators both in the short and long term,with the effect becoming more pronounced over time.Additionally,reducing NTB enhances the positive effects of tariff reductions on AVC indicators.Based on the analyses,the following recommendations are proposed:(1)Leverage the development opportunities arising from RCEP implementation to enhance the agricultural DVA;(2)capitalize on cooperative opportunities created by RCEP to build cohesive regional AVC;and(3)prioritize the effective implementation of RCEP'shigh-qualityrules.
基金supported by the Key scientific and technological project plan of Hebei Iron and Steel Group(No.HG2023235).
文摘Machine learning is employed to comprehensively analyze and predict the hardenability of 20CrMo steel.The hardenability dataset includes J9 and J15 hardenability values,chemical composition,and heat treatment parameters.Various machine learning models,including linear regression(LR),k-nearest neighbors(KNN),random forest(RF),and extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),are employed to develop predictive models for the hardenability of 20CrMo steel.Among these models,the XGBoost model achieves the best performance,with coefficients of determination(R2)of 0.941 and 0.946 for predicting J9 and J15 values,respectively.The predictions fall with a±2 HRC bandwidth for 98%of J9 cases and 99%of J15 cases.Additionally,SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)analysis is used to identify the key elements that significantly influence the hardenability of the 20CrMo steel.The analysis revealed that alloying elements such as Si,Cr,C,N and Mo play significant roles in hardenability.The strengths and weaknesses of various machine learning models in predicting hardenability are also discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:71771061).
文摘This study investigated the application and the application value of intelligent emergency in emergency management in the big data environment.It addresses the neglect of the application value(performance)measurement of intelligent emergency,further improving the effectiveness of intelligent emergency management.First,approximately 3,900 documents from the intelligent emergency field are analyzed to determine the future research trend in intelligent emergency management.The socio-technical theory concerning technical and social systems is introduced.The emergency management system concepts of“technology enabling”and“enabling value creation”are defined according to bibliometric analysis and socio-technical theory.Second,a research framework that includes technology enabling and enabling value creation for the decision-making paradigm in emergency management according to the big data environment is constructed.A detailed analysis approach from intelligent emergency technology enabling to enabling value creation in emergency management is proposed.Finally,earthquake disasters are taken as examples,and specific analyses of the intelligent emergency enabling and enabling value creation are explored;enabling value creation is discussed based on measurable indicators.The clear concept of emergency management system technology enabling and enabling value creation,as well as the detailed analysis approach from intelligent emergency technology enabling to enabling value creation,provide a theoretical bases for scholars and practitioners to evaluate the value(performance)of intelligent emergency for the first time.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 72474022,71974011,72174022,71972012,71874009)"BIT think tank"Promotion Plan of Science and Technology Innovation Program of Beijing Institute of Technology(Grants 2024CX14017,2023CX13029).
文摘As a new type of production factor in healthcare,healthcare data elements have been rapidly integrated into various health production processes,such as clinical assistance,health management,biological testing,and operation and supervision[1,2].Healthcare data elements include biolog.ical and clinical data that are related to disease,environ-mental health data that are associated with life,and operational and healthcare management data that are related to healthcare activities(Figure 1).Activities such as the construction of a data value assessment system,the devel-opment of a data circulation and sharing platform,and the authorization of data compliance and operation products support the strong growth momentum of the market for health care data elements in China[3].
基金funded by the Technology Project of State Grid Jibei Electric Power Supply Co.,Ltd.(Grant Number:52018F240001).
文摘As the development of new power systems accelerates and the impacts of high renewable energy integration and extreme weather intensify,grid-alternative energy storage is garnering increasing attention for its grid-interaction benefits and clear business models.Consequently,assessing the value of grid-alternative energy storage in the systemtransition has become critically important.Considering the performance characteristics of storage,we propose a value assessment frame-work for grid-alternative energy storage,quantifying its non-wires-alternative effects from both cost and benefit perspectives.Building on this,we developed a collaborative planning model for energy storage and transmission grids,aimed at maximizing the economic benefits of storage systems while balancing investment and operational costs.The model considers regional grid interconnections and their interactions with system operation.By participating in system operations,grid-alternative energy storage not only maximizes its own economic benefits but also generates social welfare transfer effects.Furthermore,based on multi-regional interconnected planning,grid-alternative energy storage can reduce system costs by approximately 35%,with the most significant changes observed in generation costs.Multi-regional coordinated planning significantly enhances the sys-tem’s flexibility in regulation.However,when the load factor of interconnection lines between regions remains constant,system operational flexibility tends to decrease,leading to a roughly 28.9%increase in storage investment.Additionally,under regional coordinated planning,the greater the disparity in wind power integration across interconnected regions,the more noticeable the reduction in system costs.
文摘Objective:To analyze the burden of caregivers of CHF patients in the current environment,to explore the related burden and influencing factors of caring for patients with chronic heart failure,and to explore the impact of filial piety values on the burden of caring for patients.Methods:192 caregivers of CHF patients in the hospital were selected as the main objects of this study.The main method was convenient sampling.Through a questionnaire survey of 192 CHF patients'caregivers,a unified investigation was conducted from the aspects of patient"'s general condition,objective burden,anxiety and depression degree and relationship quality,etc.The structural equation model was constructed and adjusted by analyzing data entry and variable correlation.Finally,path analysis was used to conduct inferential research on the direct and indirect influencing factors of control burden.Results:More than half of the patients'caregivers had a caregiving burden,and the practical caregiving dimension had the highest score.The total effect values of patient-related factors,including anxiety degree,number of concomitant diseases and half-year readmission rate,were 0.36,0.31 and 0.20,respectively(P<0.05).The total effect values of filial piety,anxiety degree,average care time and understanding degree of disease directly derived from the caregivers themselves were-0.38,0.29,0.29 and-0.23,respectively(P<0.05).In addition,the influence of filial piety values on the caregiver burden was more obvious,and the direct effect value of the value was-0.41(P<0.001).Conclusion:Most caregivers of CHF patients have a certain objective burden of care,and there are many factors that affect it,among which the degree of filial piety value is the most important.This finding provides a clear goal for caregivers to develop measures to improve the caregiver burden.
基金funded by the Central University D Project(HFW230600022)National Natural Science Foundation of China(71973021)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation Youth Funding Project(72003022)Heilongjiang Province University Think Tank Open Topic(ZKKF2022173).
文摘The scientific assessment of ecosystem ser-vice value(ESV)plays a critical role in regional ecologi-cal protection and management,rational land use planning,and the establishment of ecological security barriers.The ecosystem service value of the Northeast Forest Belt from 2005 to 2020 was assessed,focusing on spatial–temporal changes and the driving forces behind these dynamics.Using multi-source data,the equivalent factor method,and geo-graphic detectors,we analyzed natural and socio-economic factors affecting the region.which was crucial for effective ecological conservation and land-use planning.Enhanced the effectiveness of policy formulation and land use plan-ning.The results show that the ESV of the Northeast Forest Belt exhibits an overall increasing trend from 2005 to 2020,with forests and wetlands contributing the most.However,there are significant differences between forest belts.Driven by natural and socio-economic factors,the ESV of forest belts in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces showed significant growth.In contrast,the ESV of Forest Belts in Liaoning and Inner Mongolia of China remains relatively stable,but the spatial differentiation within these regions is characterized by significant clustering of high-value and low-value areas.Furthermore,climate regulation and hydrological regulation services were identified as the most important ecological functions in the Northeast Forest Belt,contributing greatly to regional ecological stability and human well-being.The ESV in the Northeast Forest Belt is improved during the study period,but the stability of the ecosystem is still chal-lenged by the dual impacts of natural and socio-economic factors.To further optimize regional land use planning and ecological protection policies,it is recommended to prior-itize the conservation of high-ESV areas,enhance ecological restoration efforts for wetlands and forests,and reasonably control the spatial layout of urban expansion and agricul-tural development.Additionally,this study highlights the importance of tailored ecological compensation policies and strategic land-use planning to balance environmental protec-tion and economic growth.
文摘BACKGROUND Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis,often triggered by dental issues like periapical periodontitis,significantly contributes to chronic sinusitis,mainly affecting adults around 50 years old,emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment approach.AIM To investigate the therapeutic effect and clinical value of root canal therapy combined with nasal endoscopic surgery compared with simple root canal the-rapy in the treatment of severe odontogenic maxillary sinusitis caused by peria-pical periodontitis.METHODS The clinical data,diagnosis,and treatment of 200 patients with severe odonto-genic maxillary sinusitis caused by periapical periodontitis from October 2020 to October 2021 were analyzed retrospectively.Among them,63 patients were treated with simple root canal therapy as the control group,and 137 patients were treated with root canal therapy combined with nasal endoscopic surgery as the observation group.The therapeutic effect,Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score,paranasal sinus Lund-Mackay score,complication rate,recurrence rate,and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS First,we compared the effective rates:23 cases were cured,22 were improved,and 8 were ineffective in the control group,yielding a total effective rate of 84.90%.Meanwhile,97 cases were cured,34 improved,and 6 were ineffective in the observation group,resulting in a total effective rate of 95.62%.The observation group had a higher total effective rate compared with the control group(P<0.05).Second,we compared the Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score.Before treatment,no significant difference(P>0.05)was observed in this score between the two groups.After treatment,the Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score decreased in both groups.The Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score of the observation group at 3 and 6 mo after treatment was lower compared to that of the control group(P<0.05).Third,we compared the Lund–Mackay score of paranasal sinuses.Before treatment,there was no significant difference in this score between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the Lund–Mackay scores of paranasal sinuses decreased in both groups.The Lund–Mackay scores of paranasal sinuses in the observation group at 3 and 6 mo after treatment were lower compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).Fourth,we compared the incidence and recurrence rate of complications.Three months after treatment,no significant difference was found in the incidence and recurrence rate of complications between the observation group(6.56%)and the control group(9.52%)(P>0.05).However,6 mo after treatment,the incidence and recurrence rate of complications in the observation group(2.91%)was significantly higher compared to that of the control group(12.69%)(P<0.05).Fifth,we compared patient satisfaction.Six months after treatment,the patient satisfaction of the observation group(93.43%)was significantly better than that of the control group(84.12%)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Root canal therapy combined with nasal endoscopic surgery has a good therapeutic effect on severe odontogenic maxillary sinusitis caused by periapical periodontitis,and it can reduce the injury of maxillary sinus mucosa and bone,and significantly reduce the incidence of complications and recurrence rate.Meanwhile,it has high patient satisfaction and remarkable therapeutic effect,which is suggested to be popularized and applied in clinic.
