International trade research has long sought to investigate how manufacturers can upgrade within global value chains and escape the“low-end trap”.This paper examines how collaborative innovation can facilitate this ...International trade research has long sought to investigate how manufacturers can upgrade within global value chains and escape the“low-end trap”.This paper examines how collaborative innovation can facilitate this ascent,using an undirected weighted network of joint patent applications and firm-level data.By analyzing the network’s structural characteristics and its evolution,we explore the mechanisms through which collaboration drives the rise of manufacturing enterprises within global value chains.Our findings show that:(1)China’s rapidly expanding collaborative innovation network features a distinct“core-periphery”structure,with leading firms,universities,and government research institutions at its center.(2)By strengthening market power and enabling firms to take on more advanced production,collaborative innovation contributes to a higher domestic value-added rate in exports.(3)Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of collaborative innovation on moving up the value chain is particularly evident for firms with strong production and technology absorption capabilities,those positioned lower in the value chain,and those facing fewer trade barriers.展开更多
Copepod fecal pellets are ubiquitous throughout the oceans. Their production and export can represent a highly efficient pathway of carbon export. However, the role these fecal pellets play in carbon export in the Cha...Copepod fecal pellets are ubiquitous throughout the oceans. Their production and export can represent a highly efficient pathway of carbon export. However, the role these fecal pellets play in carbon export in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary is not well known. Two cruises were carried out in the Changjiang estuary in the spring and summer of 2013, during which time carbon biomass, production, and export of copepod fecal pellets were studied. Spring and summer fecal pellet carbon biomass ranged 0.30–1.01 mg C/m^3(mean=0.56±0.20 mg C/m^3) and 0.31–1.18 mg C/m^3(mean=0.64±0.24 mg C/m^3), respectively, significantly lower than phytoplankton. At most stations, fecal pellet carbon biomass was higher in surface or subsurface layers than deeper layers. Production rates ranged 0.65–1.49 pellets/(ind.?h)(mean=1.02±0.27 pellets/(ind.?h)) in spring and 0.62–1.34 pellets/(ind.?h)(mean=0.98±0.22 pellets/(ind.?h)) in summer, within the range reported in previous studies. Higher production rates of fecal pellets occurred at stations with higher chlorophyll a concentrations, and production rates of copepods of size 500–1 000 μm greater than copepods >1 000 μm during both cruises. The potential export flux of fecal pellets was slightly higher in summer(mean=68.95±14.37 mg C/(m^2 ?d)) than spring(mean=52.08±11.33 mg C/(m^2 ?d)) owing to higher summer copepod abundances. To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind in the Changjiang estuary, and it confirms the significant role of copepod fecal pellets in local carbon export.展开更多
Exchange rate, as a link between international markets, integrates the economies of all countries. In today's economic globalization, exchange rate plays an important role. It is one of the most effective ways to ...Exchange rate, as a link between international markets, integrates the economies of all countries. In today's economic globalization, exchange rate plays an important role. It is one of the most effective ways to regulate the international economy, and also one of the most direct means. In this paper, based on the definition, classification and role of exchange rate, the impacts of RMB exchange rate on China's export trade after the "exchange rate reform" were studied, and the measures that China should take to deal with the impact of the continuous appreciation of RMB on imports and exports under the current environment were proposed. This paper hopes to further expand China's foreign trade.展开更多
The change of import and export trade of Chinese enterprises actually reflects the appreciation and depreciation of RMB,which are closely related to the total volume of import and export trade of Chinese enterprises a...The change of import and export trade of Chinese enterprises actually reflects the appreciation and depreciation of RMB,which are closely related to the total volume of import and export trade of Chinese enterprises and the formulation of corresponding foreign exchange measures.Generally speaking,the rise of the RMB exchange rate means the appreciation of the RMB is conducive to imports,while the decline of the RMB exchange rate means the depreciation of the RMB and the decline of the price of export commodities,so it has a greater price advantage and is conducive to exports.Chinese enterprises should correctly grasp the rise and fall of RMB exchange rate and carry out import and export trade reasonably when developing abroad.展开更多
An important limitation of the research literatures which study the effect on the export of the real effective exchange rates is the lack of application of interaction or moderator effect among the independent variabl...An important limitation of the research literatures which study the effect on the export of the real effective exchange rates is the lack of application of interaction or moderator effect among the independent variables. To remedy this lacuna, the authors developed a model in which real effective exchange rate moderated the effect of import and utilization of foreign capital on export. The sample comprised 11 years＇ data in Guangdong China. The result showed that real effective exchange rate of RMB affected the export by interacting with utilization of foreign capital. Moreover, to some degree, the real effective exchange rate can also act as moderator between import and export.展开更多
The tentative tariff rate for partial import and export products was adjusted since November 1^(st) of 2006.Total 58 imported commodities will be imposed lower tentative
This paper develops a framework for the assessment of global value chain embeddedness based on the dual structure of product embeddedness and functional embeddedness and provides a theoretical demonstration of the dua...This paper develops a framework for the assessment of global value chain embeddedness based on the dual structure of product embeddedness and functional embeddedness and provides a theoretical demonstration of the dual effects of the level, structure and the value sources of global value chain embeddedness on export technology sophistication. From there, the paper carries out an estimation of non-competitive input- output table using quadratic optimized algorithm with differentiation between processing trade and general trade to arrive at various indicators of foreign value-added ratio that reflect the level of global value chain embeddedness. On this basis, the panel econometric model for 27 manufacturing sectors of China between 2001 and 2010 is employed to test the effect of foreign value-added ratio on the technology sophistication of manufacturing export. Our research indicates that by taking part in division of labor in the global value chain and acquiring foreign intermediate inputs, China＇s manufacturing sector has increased its export technology sophistication. It also indicates that, compared with such inputs as raw materials and parts and components, service input has great contributions to technology improvement. With the direct contributions of foreign value-added under control, the foreign value-added from developed countries has a restrictive effect on the R＆D activities of export manufacturing, which gives rise to the one-way technology reliance on dominant enterprises of the value chain and the ＂low-end lock-up＂ effect; meanwhile, the method of embeddedness that takes advantage of the foreign value-added of other countries is more dependent on the indigenous R＆D capacity of export enterprises and thus more favorable to the improvement of export technology sophistication.展开更多
For the first six months of 2006, China textile machinery shipments have carried on its tendency to impress the industry, and this time, it strikes a higher note.
Instead of on July 1st as many forecast experts had anticipated, the new policy for export VAT’s rebate rate for textile and apparel to change from 11% to 13% went immediately into force on August 1
China will take comprehensive measures next year to ensure a stable textile export growth, the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) said. Since the country ’s textile export faces complex situation amid a world economy slow...China will take comprehensive measures next year to ensure a stable textile export growth, the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) said. Since the country ’s textile export faces complex situation amid a world economy slowdown and financial turmoil,展开更多
China's 2004 value-added tax(VAT)pilot reform in the Northeast region,which changed the VAT from production type to consumption type,introduced a sizable tax credit for fixed investment in manufacturing industries...China's 2004 value-added tax(VAT)pilot reform in the Northeast region,which changed the VAT from production type to consumption type,introduced a sizable tax credit for fixed investment in manufacturing industries,leading to more investment and higher productivity at firm level.This paper,however,uses difference-in-difference estimation and finds a negative structural effect;that is,the VAT pilot reform leads to a reduction in the export sophistication of Northeast cities relative to other cities in China,and the results hold for a battery of robustness checks.It is found that resources are reallocated towards less-sophisticated industries.As the products with higher export sophistication are more skill and research and development(R&D)intensive,the shortfalls of skilled labor and R&D spending hinder the upgrading process.With a new round of revitalization plans in the Northeast,policymakers should be cautious with similar structural effects and focus on increasing skilled labor supply and R&D investment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC)“Research on Collaborative Innovation and Global Value Chain Upgrading in Manufacturing”(Grant No.23CJL019)“Research on the Advantages of Ultra-Large-Scale Market and the Construction of Modern Industrial System”(Grant No.23&ZD041).
文摘International trade research has long sought to investigate how manufacturers can upgrade within global value chains and escape the“low-end trap”.This paper examines how collaborative innovation can facilitate this ascent,using an undirected weighted network of joint patent applications and firm-level data.By analyzing the network’s structural characteristics and its evolution,we explore the mechanisms through which collaboration drives the rise of manufacturing enterprises within global value chains.Our findings show that:(1)China’s rapidly expanding collaborative innovation network features a distinct“core-periphery”structure,with leading firms,universities,and government research institutions at its center.(2)By strengthening market power and enabling firms to take on more advanced production,collaborative innovation contributes to a higher domestic value-added rate in exports.(3)Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of collaborative innovation on moving up the value chain is particularly evident for firms with strong production and technology absorption capabilities,those positioned lower in the value chain,and those facing fewer trade barriers.
基金Supported by the Innovation Plan of Science and Technology for Ao Shan(No.2016ASKJ02)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2014CB441504)+1 种基金the “Strategic Priority Research Program-Western Pacific Ocean System” of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA11030204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31700425)
文摘Copepod fecal pellets are ubiquitous throughout the oceans. Their production and export can represent a highly efficient pathway of carbon export. However, the role these fecal pellets play in carbon export in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary is not well known. Two cruises were carried out in the Changjiang estuary in the spring and summer of 2013, during which time carbon biomass, production, and export of copepod fecal pellets were studied. Spring and summer fecal pellet carbon biomass ranged 0.30–1.01 mg C/m^3(mean=0.56±0.20 mg C/m^3) and 0.31–1.18 mg C/m^3(mean=0.64±0.24 mg C/m^3), respectively, significantly lower than phytoplankton. At most stations, fecal pellet carbon biomass was higher in surface or subsurface layers than deeper layers. Production rates ranged 0.65–1.49 pellets/(ind.?h)(mean=1.02±0.27 pellets/(ind.?h)) in spring and 0.62–1.34 pellets/(ind.?h)(mean=0.98±0.22 pellets/(ind.?h)) in summer, within the range reported in previous studies. Higher production rates of fecal pellets occurred at stations with higher chlorophyll a concentrations, and production rates of copepods of size 500–1 000 μm greater than copepods >1 000 μm during both cruises. The potential export flux of fecal pellets was slightly higher in summer(mean=68.95±14.37 mg C/(m^2 ?d)) than spring(mean=52.08±11.33 mg C/(m^2 ?d)) owing to higher summer copepod abundances. To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind in the Changjiang estuary, and it confirms the significant role of copepod fecal pellets in local carbon export.
文摘Exchange rate, as a link between international markets, integrates the economies of all countries. In today's economic globalization, exchange rate plays an important role. It is one of the most effective ways to regulate the international economy, and also one of the most direct means. In this paper, based on the definition, classification and role of exchange rate, the impacts of RMB exchange rate on China's export trade after the "exchange rate reform" were studied, and the measures that China should take to deal with the impact of the continuous appreciation of RMB on imports and exports under the current environment were proposed. This paper hopes to further expand China's foreign trade.
文摘The change of import and export trade of Chinese enterprises actually reflects the appreciation and depreciation of RMB,which are closely related to the total volume of import and export trade of Chinese enterprises and the formulation of corresponding foreign exchange measures.Generally speaking,the rise of the RMB exchange rate means the appreciation of the RMB is conducive to imports,while the decline of the RMB exchange rate means the depreciation of the RMB and the decline of the price of export commodities,so it has a greater price advantage and is conducive to exports.Chinese enterprises should correctly grasp the rise and fall of RMB exchange rate and carry out import and export trade reasonably when developing abroad.
文摘An important limitation of the research literatures which study the effect on the export of the real effective exchange rates is the lack of application of interaction or moderator effect among the independent variables. To remedy this lacuna, the authors developed a model in which real effective exchange rate moderated the effect of import and utilization of foreign capital on export. The sample comprised 11 years＇ data in Guangdong China. The result showed that real effective exchange rate of RMB affected the export by interacting with utilization of foreign capital. Moreover, to some degree, the real effective exchange rate can also act as moderator between import and export.
文摘The tentative tariff rate for partial import and export products was adjusted since November 1^(st) of 2006.Total 58 imported commodities will be imposed lower tentative
基金supported by the youth program of the National Natural Sciences Fund “Effects of embeddedness in GVC on the performance of China local manufacturing”(Grant No.71203105)the youth program of the Cultural and Social Sciences Fund of the Ministry of Education(Grant No.12YJC790123)
文摘This paper develops a framework for the assessment of global value chain embeddedness based on the dual structure of product embeddedness and functional embeddedness and provides a theoretical demonstration of the dual effects of the level, structure and the value sources of global value chain embeddedness on export technology sophistication. From there, the paper carries out an estimation of non-competitive input- output table using quadratic optimized algorithm with differentiation between processing trade and general trade to arrive at various indicators of foreign value-added ratio that reflect the level of global value chain embeddedness. On this basis, the panel econometric model for 27 manufacturing sectors of China between 2001 and 2010 is employed to test the effect of foreign value-added ratio on the technology sophistication of manufacturing export. Our research indicates that by taking part in division of labor in the global value chain and acquiring foreign intermediate inputs, China＇s manufacturing sector has increased its export technology sophistication. It also indicates that, compared with such inputs as raw materials and parts and components, service input has great contributions to technology improvement. With the direct contributions of foreign value-added under control, the foreign value-added from developed countries has a restrictive effect on the R＆D activities of export manufacturing, which gives rise to the one-way technology reliance on dominant enterprises of the value chain and the ＂low-end lock-up＂ effect; meanwhile, the method of embeddedness that takes advantage of the foreign value-added of other countries is more dependent on the indigenous R＆D capacity of export enterprises and thus more favorable to the improvement of export technology sophistication.
文摘For the first six months of 2006, China textile machinery shipments have carried on its tendency to impress the industry, and this time, it strikes a higher note.
文摘Instead of on July 1st as many forecast experts had anticipated, the new policy for export VAT’s rebate rate for textile and apparel to change from 11% to 13% went immediately into force on August 1
文摘China will take comprehensive measures next year to ensure a stable textile export growth, the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) said. Since the country ’s textile export faces complex situation amid a world economy slowdown and financial turmoil,
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71803159,71703130)Ministry of Education Project of Humanities and Social Sciences(No.19YJC790061)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.JBK2007086).
文摘China's 2004 value-added tax(VAT)pilot reform in the Northeast region,which changed the VAT from production type to consumption type,introduced a sizable tax credit for fixed investment in manufacturing industries,leading to more investment and higher productivity at firm level.This paper,however,uses difference-in-difference estimation and finds a negative structural effect;that is,the VAT pilot reform leads to a reduction in the export sophistication of Northeast cities relative to other cities in China,and the results hold for a battery of robustness checks.It is found that resources are reallocated towards less-sophisticated industries.As the products with higher export sophistication are more skill and research and development(R&D)intensive,the shortfalls of skilled labor and R&D spending hinder the upgrading process.With a new round of revitalization plans in the Northeast,policymakers should be cautious with similar structural effects and focus on increasing skilled labor supply and R&D investment.
