This study empirically explored how the five key input factors in higher education affect the value added in college students’core competencies in the era of artificial intelligence(AI),utilizing data from a 2019 gra...This study empirically explored how the five key input factors in higher education affect the value added in college students’core competencies in the era of artificial intelligence(AI),utilizing data from a 2019 graduate employment sample survey focusing on value-added contributions.The findings were summarized as follows:(1)A convergence phenomenon was observed in developing core competencies within Chinese higher education,where students from regular undergraduate universities,despite having moderate academic advantages,exhibited weaker value-added growth across multiple core competencies.(2)Higher education institutions(HEIs)continued to serve as the primary platform for cultivating students’core competencies,with curriculum delivery being the most significant practical factor in shaping these competencies.Interdisciplinary courses strongly contributed to higher-order core competencies such as innovation and creativity.(3)The contribution of input factors to different core competencies varied significantly across HEIs.Although institutions under the Double First-Class Initiative appeared to have lower net contributions compared to higher vocational colleges,this gap was offset by their students’more advantageous individual endowments and family backgrounds.This study suggests reforms in classified management and evaluation systems,curriculum design,and faculty and teaching to ensure students acquire the higher-order thinking skills and competencies necessary to adapt to emerging technologies and effectively respond to continuous changes.展开更多
Based on the educational evaluation reform,this study explores the construction of an evidence-based value-added evaluation system based on data-driven,aiming to solve the limitations of traditional evaluation methods...Based on the educational evaluation reform,this study explores the construction of an evidence-based value-added evaluation system based on data-driven,aiming to solve the limitations of traditional evaluation methods.The research adopts the method of combining theoretical analysis and practical application,and designs the evidence-based value-added evaluation framework,which includes the core elements of a multi-source heterogeneous data acquisition and processing system,a value-added evaluation agent based on a large model,and an evaluation implementation and application mechanism.Through empirical research verification,the evaluation system has remarkable effects in improving learning participation,promoting ability development,and supporting teaching decision-making,and provides a theoretical reference and practical path for educational evaluation reform in the new era.The research shows that the evidence-based value-added evaluation system based on data-driven can reflect students’actual progress more fairly and objectively by accurately measuring the difference in starting point and development range of students,and provide strong support for the realization of high-quality education development.展开更多
Value-added evaluation focuses on individual student growth by tracking changes in academic performance,skills,literacy,etc.,at different time points.It weakens horizontal comparisons and emphasizes vertical progress ...Value-added evaluation focuses on individual student growth by tracking changes in academic performance,skills,literacy,etc.,at different time points.It weakens horizontal comparisons and emphasizes vertical progress to more fairly reflect educational effectiveness.This evaluation method is particularly suitable for vocational education,effectively motivating students’learning enthusiasm and enhancing their self-confidence.Foreign research is represented by the Tennessee Value-Added Assessment System(TVAAS),widely used in evaluating school quality and teacher performance.Domestic research currently focuses on the theoretical construction,model establishment,optimization,and practical application of value-added evaluation,still facing significant challenges in data collection comprehensiveness and model adaptability.Aiming at current issues,this study focuses on exploring the application of artificial intelligence large models in student value-added evaluation from an evidence-based perspective,committed to constructing an innovative evidence-based value-added evaluation system.It aims to achieve precise assessment of students’learning effect“net value-added”through multi-source data collection,intelligent analysis,and personalized feedback.The system integrates outcome evaluation,process evaluation,value-added evaluation,and comprehensive evaluation to form a“four-in-one”dynamic evaluation framework,considering students’starting points,process performance,and final achievements.In the future,value-added evaluation needs to further expand the assessment of non-academic dimensions(such as professional literacy and social-emotional skills)and explore the application of non-linear models to promote the deepening and innovation of educational evaluation reform.展开更多
Maize value-added products play a crucial role in reducing post-harvest losses, enhancing food security, and generating income. While extensive research has focused on maize production in Cameroon, the exploration of ...Maize value-added products play a crucial role in reducing post-harvest losses, enhancing food security, and generating income. While extensive research has focused on maize production in Cameroon, the exploration of its value-added products and their profitability in the North-West Region remains underexplored. This study examined the profitability of maize value-added products in Mezam Division, with the objectives to: 1) identify various maize-based products, 2) assess the diversity of these products, 3) conduct a cost-benefit analysis of selected products, 4) examine the relationship between profitability and product diversity, and 5) identify key constraints impacting profitability. To achieve these objectives, structured questionnaires were administered to 500 small-scale maize entrepreneurs randomly selected from five subdivisions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze objective 1 and 5, while the Shannon Diversity Index was employed to assess product diversity. Additionally, a cost-benefit analysis was conducted on four selected products namely pap, parched corn, peeled parboiled corn, and corn beer, and a correlation analysis was used to examine objective 4. In total, 13 maize value-added products were identified, with a diversity index of 4.4. The total cost of processing the four selected products per entrepreneur using 18 kg of maize per product was FCFA 83631.5 (US $132.75), while the total revenue was FCFA 121864.5 (US $193.43), resulting in an economic profit of FCFA 38,233 (US $60.69). Pap emerged as the most profitable product, with an economic profit of FCFA 27,875 (US $44.24), while corn beer was the least profitable, with an economic profit of FCFA 2133.46 (US $3.39). The correlation analysis revealed a strong negative relationship between product diversity and profitability (r = −0.91), indicating that entrepreneurs can maximize profitability by focusing on a few high-demand products like pap and parched corn. Key constraints to profitability included fluctuating market prices, high production costs, limited access to finance, and inadequate storage facilities. Despite these challenges, our findings indicate that maize value addition is profitable in Mezam Division. Entrepreneurs can leverage this data for informed decision-making and future investments. It is recommended that the government promote maize value addition and provide financial support for modern processing equipment to boost profitability and income generation.展开更多
Electrochemical synthesis of value-added chemicals represents a promising approach to address multidisciplinary demands.This technology establishes direct pathways for electricity-to-chemical conversion while signific...Electrochemical synthesis of value-added chemicals represents a promising approach to address multidisciplinary demands.This technology establishes direct pathways for electricity-to-chemical conversion while significantly reducing the carbon footprint of chemical manufacturing.It simultaneously optimizes chemical energy storage and grid management,offering sustainable solutions for renewable energy utilization and overcoming geographical constraints in energy distribution.As a critical nexus between renewable energy and green chemistry,electrochemical synthesis serves dual roles in energy transformation and chemical production,emerging as a vital component in developing carbon-neutral circular economies.Focusing on key small molecules(H_(2)O,CO_(2),N_(2),O_(2)),this comment examines fundamental scientific challenges and practical barriers in electrocatalytic conversion processes,bridging laboratory innovations with industrial-scale implementation.展开更多
During high-temperature periods in summer,formaldehyde(HCHO)levels increase due to secondary production.However,recent studies have also shown a rise in the HCHO concentration in winter,but the underlying cause remain...During high-temperature periods in summer,formaldehyde(HCHO)levels increase due to secondary production.However,recent studies have also shown a rise in the HCHO concentration in winter,but the underlying cause remains unclear.Here,HCHO observations in urban Beijing were conducted,the impact of meteorological differences between warm and cold seasons to HCHO concentrations was investigated.Additionally,the positive matrix factorization model was applied to the source apportionment of HCHO,with a focus on changes during pollution events.The results indicated that,during warm seasons,the secondary production of HCHO was driven by high temperature influenced by the low-pressure front,with the contribution of secondary production+background peaking at 85.9% in the afternoon,exhibiting a unimodal diurnal variation.Conversely,during cold seasons,the influence of a uniform pressure field,coupled with weak winds,low boundary layers and high humidity,led to HCHO accumulation from primary emissions,resulting in multiday highconcentration pollution.During the most severe pollution periods,anthropogenic primary emissions contributed up to 91.7%.Therefore,while the contribution of volatile organic compounds to HCHO levels through secondary production has been recognized,the significant impact of primary emissions during cold seasons cannot be overlooked.展开更多
The Changjiang River Estuary(CRE) and its offshore plumes host a diverse phytoplankton community;however, the spatiotemporal dynamics of these microorganisms and their environmental drivers remain poorly understood. T...The Changjiang River Estuary(CRE) and its offshore plumes host a diverse phytoplankton community;however, the spatiotemporal dynamics of these microorganisms and their environmental drivers remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the spatiotemporal variations and environmental heterogeneity of phytoplankton communities in the CRE, as well as to understand the factors driving their assemblage. Utilizing ecological survey data collected from the CRE and adjacent waters during spring and summer from 2018 to 2020, we conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of phytoplankton β-diversity in the region. We decomposed β-diversity into species contributions to β-diversity(SCBD)and local contributions to β-diversity(LCBD) to examine spatial differences in phytoplankton diversity and the contributions of individual species within the community. Our findings reveal that spatial differences, primarily driven by water salinity and distance from the coastline, are key factors influencing the heterogeneity of phytoplankton community composition. Key species such as Skeletonema costatum, Melosira granulata, and M. granulata var.angustissima significantly affected β-diversity. Further, β-diversity decomposition reveals that community assembly is driven by interactive biogeochemical forces: salinity gradients shape spatial heterogeneity through runoff-seawater mixing, eutrophic conditions promote the dominance of nutrient-dependent taxa, and silica availability regulates diatom-to-flagellate succession. This study provides a methodological paradigm for analyzing phytoplankton community assembly mechanisms in estuaries, thereby offering scientific support for biogeography-based ecosystem management in the CRE.展开更多
In the context of urban-rural integration development in China,the distribution of value-added income of rural land collective ownership is related to the protection of farmers rights and interests and the specific im...In the context of urban-rural integration development in China,the distribution of value-added income of rural land collective ownership is related to the protection of farmers rights and interests and the specific implementation of rural revitalization strategy.Based on the entry of rural collectively-owned construction land into the market and the compensation system for land expropriation,this paper discusses in detail the distribution of value-added income of rural land collective ownership,analyzes the current situation,existing problems and causes of the current distribution mechanism,and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for optimizing the distribution mechanism.Through literature research and case analysis,this paper reveals the unfair phenomenon in the distribution of value-added income of rural land,and discusses the roles and responsibilities of government,collective organizations and individual farmers in the distribution of income.The results show that establishing a fair and reasonable income distribution mechanism,strengthening the construction of laws and regulations,improving farmers participation and protecting their rights and interests are the key to optimizing the distribution of rural land value-added income.In addition,it is expected that this paper will provide some theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving the distribution mechanism of value-added income of rural land collective ownership.展开更多
International trade research has long sought to investigate how manufacturers can upgrade within global value chains and escape the“low-end trap”.This paper examines how collaborative innovation can facilitate this ...International trade research has long sought to investigate how manufacturers can upgrade within global value chains and escape the“low-end trap”.This paper examines how collaborative innovation can facilitate this ascent,using an undirected weighted network of joint patent applications and firm-level data.By analyzing the network’s structural characteristics and its evolution,we explore the mechanisms through which collaboration drives the rise of manufacturing enterprises within global value chains.Our findings show that:(1)China’s rapidly expanding collaborative innovation network features a distinct“core-periphery”structure,with leading firms,universities,and government research institutions at its center.(2)By strengthening market power and enabling firms to take on more advanced production,collaborative innovation contributes to a higher domestic value-added rate in exports.(3)Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of collaborative innovation on moving up the value chain is particularly evident for firms with strong production and technology absorption capabilities,those positioned lower in the value chain,and those facing fewer trade barriers.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to identify the processes with the highest contribution to potential environmental impacts in the life cycle of the masonry of concrete blocks by evaluating their main emissions contributi...The purpose of this paper is to identify the processes with the highest contribution to potential environmental impacts in the life cycle of the masonry of concrete blocks by evaluating their main emissions contributing to impact categories and identifying hotspots for environmental improvements.The research is based on the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)study of non-load-bearing masonry of concrete blocks performed by the authors.The processes those have demonstrated higher contribution to environmental impacts were identified in the Life Cycle Impact Assessment(LCIA)phase and a detailed analysis was carried out on the main substances derived from these processes.The highest potential impacts in the life cycle of the concrete blocks masonry can be attributed mainly to emissions coming from the production of Portland cement,which explains the peak of impact potential on the blocks production stage,but also the significant impact potential in the use of the blocks for masonry construction,due to the use of cement mortar.The results of this LCA study are part of a major research on the comparative analysis of different typologies of non-load-bearing external walls,which aims to contribute to the creation of a life cycle database of major building systems,to be used by the environmental certification systems of buildings.展开更多
China is the world's largest carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emitter and a major trading country. Both anthropogenic and natural factors play a critical role in its carbon budget. However,previous studies mostly focus on e...China is the world's largest carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emitter and a major trading country. Both anthropogenic and natural factors play a critical role in its carbon budget. However,previous studies mostly focus on evaluating anthropogenic emissions or the natural carbon cycle separately, and few included trade-related(import and export) CO_(2) emissions and its contribution on global warming. Using the Carbon Tracker CT2019 assimilation dataset and China trade emissions from the Global Carbon Project, we found that the change trend of global CO_(2) flux had obvious spatial heterogeneity, which is mainly affected by anthropogenic CO_(2) flux. From 2000 to 2018, carbon emissions from fossil fuels in the world and in China all showed an obvious increasing trend, but the magnitude of the increase tended to slow down.In 2018, the radiative forcing(RF) caused by China's import and export trade was-0.0038 W m^(-2), and the RF caused by natural carbon budget was-0.0027 W m^(-2), offsetting 1.54% and 1.13% of the RF caused by fossil fuels that year, respectively. From 2000 to 2018, the contribution of China's carbon emission from fossil fuels to global RF was 11.32%. Considering China's import and export trade, the contribution of anthropogenic CO_(2) emission to global RF decreased to 9.50%. Furthermore, taking into account the offset of carbon sink from China's terrestrial ecosystems, the net contribution of China to global RF decreased to 7.63%. This study demonstrates that China's terrestrial ecosystem and import and export trade are all mitigating China's impact on global anthropogenic warming, and also confirms that during the research process on climate change, comprehensively considering the carbon budget from anthropogenic and natural carbon budgets is necessary to systematically understand the impacts of regional or national carbon budgets on global warming.展开更多
CO_(2) emissions(CEs)pose a growing threat to environmental changes and global warming,attracting extensive attention.Here,we leveraged near-real-time monitoring data spanning 2019 to 2022 to investigate spatiotempora...CO_(2) emissions(CEs)pose a growing threat to environmental changes and global warming,attracting extensive attention.Here,we leveraged near-real-time monitoring data spanning 2019 to 2022 to investigate spatiotemporal heterogeneity,sectoral contributions,provincial spatial correlation,and driving factors influencing CEs at the provincial level in China.Our analysis,integrating Moran’s Index analysis,Spearman correlation analysis,and the Geographically Weighted Regression model,unveiled China’s consistent world-leading CEs,surpassing 10,000 Mt over the study period.Spatially,CEs exhibited a heterogeneous distribution,with markedly higher emissions in eastern and northern regions compared to western and southern areas.Temporally,CEs displayed significant fluctuations,peaking in the fourth quarter before declining in subsequent quarters.Chinese NewYear and COVID-19 had the biggest effects on CEs,with average daily reductions of-20.8%and-18.9%,respectively,compared to the four-year average and the same period in 2019.Sectoral analysis highlighted the power and industry sectors as primary contributors to CEs in China,jointly accounting for 37.9%-40.2%and 43.5%-46.4%of total CEs,respectively.Spatial clustering analysis identified a distinct High-High agglomeration region,predominantly encompassing provinces such as Inner Mongolia,Shandong and Jiangsu.Furthermore,total energy consumption and electricity consumption emerged as significant drivers of CEs,exhibiting correlation coefficients exceeding 0.9,followed by exhaust emissions,population size,and gross domestic product.Moreover,the influence of drivers on provincial CEs exhibited notable spatial heterogeneity,with regression coefficients displaying a decreasing gradient from north to south.These findings provide scientific and technological support to realize the provincial dual-carbon goals in China.展开更多
A finite element and boundary element model of the 100 m X-BOW polar exploration cruise ship is established. The vibrated velocity-excited force admittance matrix is calculated by frequency response analysis, and the ...A finite element and boundary element model of the 100 m X-BOW polar exploration cruise ship is established. The vibrated velocity-excited force admittance matrix is calculated by frequency response analysis, and the vibrated velocity in the stern plate and main engine foundations is tested during the trial trip. Then, the excited force of the propeller and main engine is derived using the vibrated velocity and admittance matrix.Based on the excited force, the cabin-simulated vibrated velocity is compared with the tested vibrated velocity, and the tolerance is within the allowable scope in engineering. Loading the excited forces on the boundary element model, the distribution characteristics of sound level underwater are analyzed. Then, forces excited by the main engine and propeller are loaded on the model, and the contribution ratio of excitation sources to underwater acoustic radiation is analyzed. The result provides a reference for vibration assessment in the early stage and control in the late stage.展开更多
In order to promote the revitalization and development of rural areas and protect the property rights of farmers,it is necessary to explore the reasonable distribution ratio of land value-added income in collective op...In order to promote the revitalization and development of rural areas and protect the property rights of farmers,it is necessary to explore the reasonable distribution ratio of land value-added income in collective operating construction land.Under the existing land value-added income distribution model,the land value-added income obtained by the government is much greater than that of village collectives,and it is difficult for village collectives and farmers to enjoy greater benefits.This distribution model is not conducive to protecting the property rights of farmers.The results show that there was a positive correlation between land value-added income and land level,that is,the higher the land level was,the higher the value-added income and its ratio to the market transaction price were.According to calculation,the reasonable distribution ratio of the value-added income of collective operating construction land entering the market among the government,village collectives and farmers was 28.6%,51.1%,and 20.3%respectively.The actual land value-added income obtained by farmers was greatly improved compared with the current situation.In actual operation,this distribution mode has universal applicability.The reform of entering the market in the future also needs to raise the standards for entering the market,explore diversified interest protection channels,and strengthen the construction of rural collective management system.展开更多
Plastic,renowned for its versatility,durability,and cost-effectiveness,is indispensable in modern society.Nevertheless,the annual production of nearly 400 million tons of plastic,coupled with a recycling rate of only ...Plastic,renowned for its versatility,durability,and cost-effectiveness,is indispensable in modern society.Nevertheless,the annual production of nearly 400 million tons of plastic,coupled with a recycling rate of only 9%,has led to a monumental environmental crisis.Plastic recycling has emerged as a vital response to this crisis,offering sustainable solutions to mitigate its environmental impact.Among these recycling efforts,plastic upcycling has garnered attention,which elevates discarded plastics into higher-value products.Here,electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic treatments stand at the forefront of advanced plastic upcycling.Electrocatalytic or photoelectrocatalytic treatments involve chemical reactions that facilitate electron transfer through the electrode/electrolyte interface,driven by electrical or solar energy,respectively.These methods enable precise control of chemical reactions,harnessing potential,current density,or light to yield valuable chemical products.This review explores recent progress in plastic upcycling through electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic pathways,offering promising solutions to the plastic waste crisis and advancing sustainability in the plastics industry.展开更多
The C.oleifera oil processing industry generates large amounts of solid wastes,including C.oleifera shell(COS)and C.oleifera cake(COC).Distinct from generally acknowledged lignocellulosic biomass(corn stover,bamboo,bi...The C.oleifera oil processing industry generates large amounts of solid wastes,including C.oleifera shell(COS)and C.oleifera cake(COC).Distinct from generally acknowledged lignocellulosic biomass(corn stover,bamboo,birch,etc.),Camellia wastes contain diverse bioactive substances in addition to the abundant lignocellulosic components,and thus,the biorefinery utilization of C.oleifera processing byproducts involves complicated processing technologies.This reviewfirst summarizes various technologies for extracting and converting the main components in C.oleifera oil processing byproducts into value-added chemicals and biobased materials,as well as their potential applications.Microwave,ultrasound,and Soxhlet extractions are compared for the extraction of functional bioactive components(tannin,flavonoid,saponin,etc.),while solvothermal conversion and pyrolysis are discussed for the conversion of lignocellulosic components into value-added chemicals.The application areas of these chemicals according to their properties are introduced in detail,including utilizing antioxidant and anti-in-flammatory properties of the bioactive substances for the specific application,as well as drop-in chemicals for the substitution of unrenewable fossil fuel-derived products.In addition to chemical production,biochar fabricated from COS and its applications in thefields of adsorption,supercapacitor,soil remediation and wood composites are comprehensively reviewed and discussed.Finally,based on the compositions and structural characteristics of C.oleifera byproducts,the development of full-component valorization strategies and the expansion of the appli-cationfields are proposed.展开更多
Digital elevation model(DEM)plays a fundamental role in the study of the earth system by expressing surface configuration,understanding surface process,and revealing surface mechanism.DEM is widely used in analysis an...Digital elevation model(DEM)plays a fundamental role in the study of the earth system by expressing surface configuration,understanding surface process,and revealing surface mechanism.DEM is widely used in analysis and modeling in the field of geoscience.However,traditional DEM has the defect of single attribute,which is difficult to support the research in earth system science oriented to geoscience process and mechanism mining.Hence,realizing the value-added data model on the basis of traditional DEM is necessary to serve digital elevation modeling and terrain analysis under the background of a new geomorphology research paradigm and earth observation technology.A theoretical framework for value-added DEM that mainly includes concept,connotation,content,and categories,is constructed in this study.The relationship between different types of value-added DEMs as well as the research significance and application category of this theoretical framework are also proposed.The following are different methods of value-added DEMs:(1)value-added methods of DEM space and time dimensions that emphasize the integration of the ground and underground as well as coupling of time and space,(2)attribute-based value-added methods composed of material(including underground,surface,and ground)and morphological properties,and(3)value-added methods of features and physical elements that consider geographical objects and landform features formed by natural processes and artificial effects.The digital terrace,slope,and watershed models are used as examples to illustrate application scenarios of the three kinds of value-added methods.This study aims to improve expression methods of DEMs under the background of new surveying and mapping technologies by adding value to the DEM at three levels of dimensions,attributes,and elements as well as support knowledge-driven digital geomorphological analysis in the era of big data.展开更多
To promote charge transfer and separation for efficient photocatalysis,a direct Z-scheme heterostructure was constructed by coupling polymeric carbon nitride(PCN) and WO_(3).Interestingly,the obtained PCN/WO_(3)Z-sche...To promote charge transfer and separation for efficient photocatalysis,a direct Z-scheme heterostructure was constructed by coupling polymeric carbon nitride(PCN) and WO_(3).Interestingly,the obtained PCN/WO_(3)Z-scheme heterostructure could photocataly tic ally produce hydrogen and value-added chemicals(e.g.,formate and acetate) by reforming of plastic polylactic acid(PLA) in alkaline aqueous condition.By optimizing WO_(3) contents and reaction conditions,the obtained PCN/WO_(3)heterostructure exhibits much increased photocatalytic activity for PLA photoreforming under visible light,with hydrogen evolution rate reaching 402.90 μmol·g~(-1)·h~(-1),which is 3.5 times that of PCN.It is revealed that the Z-scheme charge transfer between PCN and WO_(3) mainly contributes to the promoted charge separation and thus the improved photocatalytic activity.Moreover,with h+and·OH experimentally evidenced as the predominant active species,a possible reaction pathway for the reforming of PLA into value-added chemicals(e.g.,formate and acetate)over PCN/WO_(3) Z-scheme heterostructure is cleared by monitoring the reaction intermediates and radicals.This work paves a carbon neutrality and scalable route toward the synergistical production of hydrogen and value-added chemicals by utilizing and recycling plastic waste.展开更多
Purpose:This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of authorship attributions in scientific publications,focusing on the fairness and precision of individual contributions within academic works.Design/methodology/approa...Purpose:This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of authorship attributions in scientific publications,focusing on the fairness and precision of individual contributions within academic works.Design/methodology/approach:The study analyzes 81,823 publications from the journal PLOS ONE,covering the period from January 2018 to June 2023.It examines the authorship attributions within these publications to try and determine the prevalence of inappropriate authorship.It also investigates the demographic and professional profiles of affected authors,exploring trends and potential factors contributing to inaccuracies in authorship.Findings:Surprisingly,9.14%of articles feature at least one author with inappropriate authorship,affecting over 14,000 individuals(2.56%of the sample).Inappropriate authorship is more concentrated in Asia,Africa,and specific European countries like Italy.Established researchers with significant publication records and those affiliated with companies or nonprofits show higher instances of potential monetary authorship.Research limitations:Our findings are based on contributions as declared by the authors,which implies a degree of trust in their transparency.However,this reliance on self-reporting may introduce biases or inaccuracies into the dataset.Further research could employ additional verification methods to enhance the reliability of the findings.Practical implications:These findings have significant implications for journal publishers,Beyond authorship:Analyzing contributions in PLOS ONE and Maddi,A.,&the challenges of appropriate attribution highlighting the necessity for robust control mechanisms to ensure the integrity of authorship attributions.Moreover,researchers must exercise discernment in determining when to acknowledge a contributor and when to include them in the author list.Addressing these issues is crucial for maintaining the credibility and fairness of academic publications.Originality/value:This study contributes to an understanding of critical issues within academic authorship,shedding light on the prevalence and impact of inappropriate authorship attributions.By calling for a nuanced approach to ensure accurate credit is given where it is due,the study underscores the importance of upholding ethical standards in scholarly publishing.展开更多
The discourse on developing high-quality productivity marks a significant theoretical innovation,which is conducive to the modernization and sinicization of Marxism.It refines our understanding of“new quality product...The discourse on developing high-quality productivity marks a significant theoretical innovation,which is conducive to the modernization and sinicization of Marxism.It refines our understanding of“new quality productivity,”defining it as an advanced form driven by innovation,embodying“high technology,efficiency,and quality,”with the aim of comprehensively enhancing productivity.It elucidates the necessity of cultivating such forces,asserting that they are crucial for achieving high-quality development,securing a leading position in global technology,and fulfilling the aspirations for a better life.Moreover,it outlines a new implementation route,emphasizing strategies such as fostering technological autonomy,nurturing emerging industries,integrating education and talent in technology,adopting a“build through challenges”approach,adjusting solutions locally,and providing categorized guidance,all of which are based on the ongoing comprehensive reforms.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Program,“Research on Higher Education Competency Supply and Employment Substitution Risks in the AI Era”(No.72004038)the Major Project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Ministry of Education,“Evaluation and Countermeasures for High-Quality Employment of College Graduates”(No.22JJD880038).
文摘This study empirically explored how the five key input factors in higher education affect the value added in college students’core competencies in the era of artificial intelligence(AI),utilizing data from a 2019 graduate employment sample survey focusing on value-added contributions.The findings were summarized as follows:(1)A convergence phenomenon was observed in developing core competencies within Chinese higher education,where students from regular undergraduate universities,despite having moderate academic advantages,exhibited weaker value-added growth across multiple core competencies.(2)Higher education institutions(HEIs)continued to serve as the primary platform for cultivating students’core competencies,with curriculum delivery being the most significant practical factor in shaping these competencies.Interdisciplinary courses strongly contributed to higher-order core competencies such as innovation and creativity.(3)The contribution of input factors to different core competencies varied significantly across HEIs.Although institutions under the Double First-Class Initiative appeared to have lower net contributions compared to higher vocational colleges,this gap was offset by their students’more advantageous individual endowments and family backgrounds.This study suggests reforms in classified management and evaluation systems,curriculum design,and faculty and teaching to ensure students acquire the higher-order thinking skills and competencies necessary to adapt to emerging technologies and effectively respond to continuous changes.
基金This paper is the research result of“Research on Innovation of Evidence-Based Teaching Paradigm in Vocational Education under the Background of New Quality Productivity”(2024JXQ176)the Shandong Province Artificial Intelligence Education Research Project(SDDJ202501035),which explores the application of artificial intelligence big models in student value-added evaluation from an evidence-based perspective。
文摘Based on the educational evaluation reform,this study explores the construction of an evidence-based value-added evaluation system based on data-driven,aiming to solve the limitations of traditional evaluation methods.The research adopts the method of combining theoretical analysis and practical application,and designs the evidence-based value-added evaluation framework,which includes the core elements of a multi-source heterogeneous data acquisition and processing system,a value-added evaluation agent based on a large model,and an evaluation implementation and application mechanism.Through empirical research verification,the evaluation system has remarkable effects in improving learning participation,promoting ability development,and supporting teaching decision-making,and provides a theoretical reference and practical path for educational evaluation reform in the new era.The research shows that the evidence-based value-added evaluation system based on data-driven can reflect students’actual progress more fairly and objectively by accurately measuring the difference in starting point and development range of students,and provide strong support for the realization of high-quality education development.
基金Artificial Intelligence Education Research Project of Shandong Provincial Audio-Visual Education Center“Exploration of the Application of Large-scale AI Models in Student Value-added Evaluation from an Evidence-based Perspective”(SDDJ202501035)。
文摘Value-added evaluation focuses on individual student growth by tracking changes in academic performance,skills,literacy,etc.,at different time points.It weakens horizontal comparisons and emphasizes vertical progress to more fairly reflect educational effectiveness.This evaluation method is particularly suitable for vocational education,effectively motivating students’learning enthusiasm and enhancing their self-confidence.Foreign research is represented by the Tennessee Value-Added Assessment System(TVAAS),widely used in evaluating school quality and teacher performance.Domestic research currently focuses on the theoretical construction,model establishment,optimization,and practical application of value-added evaluation,still facing significant challenges in data collection comprehensiveness and model adaptability.Aiming at current issues,this study focuses on exploring the application of artificial intelligence large models in student value-added evaluation from an evidence-based perspective,committed to constructing an innovative evidence-based value-added evaluation system.It aims to achieve precise assessment of students’learning effect“net value-added”through multi-source data collection,intelligent analysis,and personalized feedback.The system integrates outcome evaluation,process evaluation,value-added evaluation,and comprehensive evaluation to form a“four-in-one”dynamic evaluation framework,considering students’starting points,process performance,and final achievements.In the future,value-added evaluation needs to further expand the assessment of non-academic dimensions(such as professional literacy and social-emotional skills)and explore the application of non-linear models to promote the deepening and innovation of educational evaluation reform.
文摘Maize value-added products play a crucial role in reducing post-harvest losses, enhancing food security, and generating income. While extensive research has focused on maize production in Cameroon, the exploration of its value-added products and their profitability in the North-West Region remains underexplored. This study examined the profitability of maize value-added products in Mezam Division, with the objectives to: 1) identify various maize-based products, 2) assess the diversity of these products, 3) conduct a cost-benefit analysis of selected products, 4) examine the relationship between profitability and product diversity, and 5) identify key constraints impacting profitability. To achieve these objectives, structured questionnaires were administered to 500 small-scale maize entrepreneurs randomly selected from five subdivisions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze objective 1 and 5, while the Shannon Diversity Index was employed to assess product diversity. Additionally, a cost-benefit analysis was conducted on four selected products namely pap, parched corn, peeled parboiled corn, and corn beer, and a correlation analysis was used to examine objective 4. In total, 13 maize value-added products were identified, with a diversity index of 4.4. The total cost of processing the four selected products per entrepreneur using 18 kg of maize per product was FCFA 83631.5 (US $132.75), while the total revenue was FCFA 121864.5 (US $193.43), resulting in an economic profit of FCFA 38,233 (US $60.69). Pap emerged as the most profitable product, with an economic profit of FCFA 27,875 (US $44.24), while corn beer was the least profitable, with an economic profit of FCFA 2133.46 (US $3.39). The correlation analysis revealed a strong negative relationship between product diversity and profitability (r = −0.91), indicating that entrepreneurs can maximize profitability by focusing on a few high-demand products like pap and parched corn. Key constraints to profitability included fluctuating market prices, high production costs, limited access to finance, and inadequate storage facilities. Despite these challenges, our findings indicate that maize value addition is profitable in Mezam Division. Entrepreneurs can leverage this data for informed decision-making and future investments. It is recommended that the government promote maize value addition and provide financial support for modern processing equipment to boost profitability and income generation.
文摘Electrochemical synthesis of value-added chemicals represents a promising approach to address multidisciplinary demands.This technology establishes direct pathways for electricity-to-chemical conversion while significantly reducing the carbon footprint of chemical manufacturing.It simultaneously optimizes chemical energy storage and grid management,offering sustainable solutions for renewable energy utilization and overcoming geographical constraints in energy distribution.As a critical nexus between renewable energy and green chemistry,electrochemical synthesis serves dual roles in energy transformation and chemical production,emerging as a vital component in developing carbon-neutral circular economies.Focusing on key small molecules(H_(2)O,CO_(2),N_(2),O_(2)),this comment examines fundamental scientific challenges and practical barriers in electrocatalytic conversion processes,bridging laboratory innovations with industrial-scale implementation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42075097 and 42177081)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3706103)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0760200)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.8222075)the Youth Cross Team Scientific Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.JCTD-2021-10)。
文摘During high-temperature periods in summer,formaldehyde(HCHO)levels increase due to secondary production.However,recent studies have also shown a rise in the HCHO concentration in winter,but the underlying cause remains unclear.Here,HCHO observations in urban Beijing were conducted,the impact of meteorological differences between warm and cold seasons to HCHO concentrations was investigated.Additionally,the positive matrix factorization model was applied to the source apportionment of HCHO,with a focus on changes during pollution events.The results indicated that,during warm seasons,the secondary production of HCHO was driven by high temperature influenced by the low-pressure front,with the contribution of secondary production+background peaking at 85.9% in the afternoon,exhibiting a unimodal diurnal variation.Conversely,during cold seasons,the influence of a uniform pressure field,coupled with weak winds,low boundary layers and high humidity,led to HCHO accumulation from primary emissions,resulting in multiday highconcentration pollution.During the most severe pollution periods,anthropogenic primary emissions contributed up to 91.7%.Therefore,while the contribution of volatile organic compounds to HCHO levels through secondary production has been recognized,the significant impact of primary emissions during cold seasons cannot be overlooked.
基金The program of opening ceremony to select the best candidates of the Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technologies,MNR under contract No. MEMRT2024JBGS01。
文摘The Changjiang River Estuary(CRE) and its offshore plumes host a diverse phytoplankton community;however, the spatiotemporal dynamics of these microorganisms and their environmental drivers remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the spatiotemporal variations and environmental heterogeneity of phytoplankton communities in the CRE, as well as to understand the factors driving their assemblage. Utilizing ecological survey data collected from the CRE and adjacent waters during spring and summer from 2018 to 2020, we conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of phytoplankton β-diversity in the region. We decomposed β-diversity into species contributions to β-diversity(SCBD)and local contributions to β-diversity(LCBD) to examine spatial differences in phytoplankton diversity and the contributions of individual species within the community. Our findings reveal that spatial differences, primarily driven by water salinity and distance from the coastline, are key factors influencing the heterogeneity of phytoplankton community composition. Key species such as Skeletonema costatum, Melosira granulata, and M. granulata var.angustissima significantly affected β-diversity. Further, β-diversity decomposition reveals that community assembly is driven by interactive biogeochemical forces: salinity gradients shape spatial heterogeneity through runoff-seawater mixing, eutrophic conditions promote the dominance of nutrient-dependent taxa, and silica availability regulates diatom-to-flagellate succession. This study provides a methodological paradigm for analyzing phytoplankton community assembly mechanisms in estuaries, thereby offering scientific support for biogeography-based ecosystem management in the CRE.
文摘In the context of urban-rural integration development in China,the distribution of value-added income of rural land collective ownership is related to the protection of farmers rights and interests and the specific implementation of rural revitalization strategy.Based on the entry of rural collectively-owned construction land into the market and the compensation system for land expropriation,this paper discusses in detail the distribution of value-added income of rural land collective ownership,analyzes the current situation,existing problems and causes of the current distribution mechanism,and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for optimizing the distribution mechanism.Through literature research and case analysis,this paper reveals the unfair phenomenon in the distribution of value-added income of rural land,and discusses the roles and responsibilities of government,collective organizations and individual farmers in the distribution of income.The results show that establishing a fair and reasonable income distribution mechanism,strengthening the construction of laws and regulations,improving farmers participation and protecting their rights and interests are the key to optimizing the distribution of rural land value-added income.In addition,it is expected that this paper will provide some theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving the distribution mechanism of value-added income of rural land collective ownership.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC)“Research on Collaborative Innovation and Global Value Chain Upgrading in Manufacturing”(Grant No.23CJL019)“Research on the Advantages of Ultra-Large-Scale Market and the Construction of Modern Industrial System”(Grant No.23&ZD041).
文摘International trade research has long sought to investigate how manufacturers can upgrade within global value chains and escape the“low-end trap”.This paper examines how collaborative innovation can facilitate this ascent,using an undirected weighted network of joint patent applications and firm-level data.By analyzing the network’s structural characteristics and its evolution,we explore the mechanisms through which collaboration drives the rise of manufacturing enterprises within global value chains.Our findings show that:(1)China’s rapidly expanding collaborative innovation network features a distinct“core-periphery”structure,with leading firms,universities,and government research institutions at its center.(2)By strengthening market power and enabling firms to take on more advanced production,collaborative innovation contributes to a higher domestic value-added rate in exports.(3)Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of collaborative innovation on moving up the value chain is particularly evident for firms with strong production and technology absorption capabilities,those positioned lower in the value chain,and those facing fewer trade barriers.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to identify the processes with the highest contribution to potential environmental impacts in the life cycle of the masonry of concrete blocks by evaluating their main emissions contributing to impact categories and identifying hotspots for environmental improvements.The research is based on the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)study of non-load-bearing masonry of concrete blocks performed by the authors.The processes those have demonstrated higher contribution to environmental impacts were identified in the Life Cycle Impact Assessment(LCIA)phase and a detailed analysis was carried out on the main substances derived from these processes.The highest potential impacts in the life cycle of the concrete blocks masonry can be attributed mainly to emissions coming from the production of Portland cement,which explains the peak of impact potential on the blocks production stage,but also the significant impact potential in the use of the blocks for masonry construction,due to the use of cement mortar.The results of this LCA study are part of a major research on the comparative analysis of different typologies of non-load-bearing external walls,which aims to contribute to the creation of a life cycle database of major building systems,to be used by the environmental certification systems of buildings.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42071415National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2021YFE0106700Outstanding Youth Foundation of Henan Natural Science Foundation,No.202300410049。
文摘China is the world's largest carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emitter and a major trading country. Both anthropogenic and natural factors play a critical role in its carbon budget. However,previous studies mostly focus on evaluating anthropogenic emissions or the natural carbon cycle separately, and few included trade-related(import and export) CO_(2) emissions and its contribution on global warming. Using the Carbon Tracker CT2019 assimilation dataset and China trade emissions from the Global Carbon Project, we found that the change trend of global CO_(2) flux had obvious spatial heterogeneity, which is mainly affected by anthropogenic CO_(2) flux. From 2000 to 2018, carbon emissions from fossil fuels in the world and in China all showed an obvious increasing trend, but the magnitude of the increase tended to slow down.In 2018, the radiative forcing(RF) caused by China's import and export trade was-0.0038 W m^(-2), and the RF caused by natural carbon budget was-0.0027 W m^(-2), offsetting 1.54% and 1.13% of the RF caused by fossil fuels that year, respectively. From 2000 to 2018, the contribution of China's carbon emission from fossil fuels to global RF was 11.32%. Considering China's import and export trade, the contribution of anthropogenic CO_(2) emission to global RF decreased to 9.50%. Furthermore, taking into account the offset of carbon sink from China's terrestrial ecosystems, the net contribution of China to global RF decreased to 7.63%. This study demonstrates that China's terrestrial ecosystem and import and export trade are all mitigating China's impact on global anthropogenic warming, and also confirms that during the research process on climate change, comprehensively considering the carbon budget from anthropogenic and natural carbon budgets is necessary to systematically understand the impacts of regional or national carbon budgets on global warming.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52200120)the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(No.KM202310011003).
文摘CO_(2) emissions(CEs)pose a growing threat to environmental changes and global warming,attracting extensive attention.Here,we leveraged near-real-time monitoring data spanning 2019 to 2022 to investigate spatiotemporal heterogeneity,sectoral contributions,provincial spatial correlation,and driving factors influencing CEs at the provincial level in China.Our analysis,integrating Moran’s Index analysis,Spearman correlation analysis,and the Geographically Weighted Regression model,unveiled China’s consistent world-leading CEs,surpassing 10,000 Mt over the study period.Spatially,CEs exhibited a heterogeneous distribution,with markedly higher emissions in eastern and northern regions compared to western and southern areas.Temporally,CEs displayed significant fluctuations,peaking in the fourth quarter before declining in subsequent quarters.Chinese NewYear and COVID-19 had the biggest effects on CEs,with average daily reductions of-20.8%and-18.9%,respectively,compared to the four-year average and the same period in 2019.Sectoral analysis highlighted the power and industry sectors as primary contributors to CEs in China,jointly accounting for 37.9%-40.2%and 43.5%-46.4%of total CEs,respectively.Spatial clustering analysis identified a distinct High-High agglomeration region,predominantly encompassing provinces such as Inner Mongolia,Shandong and Jiangsu.Furthermore,total energy consumption and electricity consumption emerged as significant drivers of CEs,exhibiting correlation coefficients exceeding 0.9,followed by exhaust emissions,population size,and gross domestic product.Moreover,the influence of drivers on provincial CEs exhibited notable spatial heterogeneity,with regression coefficients displaying a decreasing gradient from north to south.These findings provide scientific and technological support to realize the provincial dual-carbon goals in China.
文摘A finite element and boundary element model of the 100 m X-BOW polar exploration cruise ship is established. The vibrated velocity-excited force admittance matrix is calculated by frequency response analysis, and the vibrated velocity in the stern plate and main engine foundations is tested during the trial trip. Then, the excited force of the propeller and main engine is derived using the vibrated velocity and admittance matrix.Based on the excited force, the cabin-simulated vibrated velocity is compared with the tested vibrated velocity, and the tolerance is within the allowable scope in engineering. Loading the excited forces on the boundary element model, the distribution characteristics of sound level underwater are analyzed. Then, forces excited by the main engine and propeller are loaded on the model, and the contribution ratio of excitation sources to underwater acoustic radiation is analyzed. The result provides a reference for vibration assessment in the early stage and control in the late stage.
文摘In order to promote the revitalization and development of rural areas and protect the property rights of farmers,it is necessary to explore the reasonable distribution ratio of land value-added income in collective operating construction land.Under the existing land value-added income distribution model,the land value-added income obtained by the government is much greater than that of village collectives,and it is difficult for village collectives and farmers to enjoy greater benefits.This distribution model is not conducive to protecting the property rights of farmers.The results show that there was a positive correlation between land value-added income and land level,that is,the higher the land level was,the higher the value-added income and its ratio to the market transaction price were.According to calculation,the reasonable distribution ratio of the value-added income of collective operating construction land entering the market among the government,village collectives and farmers was 28.6%,51.1%,and 20.3%respectively.The actual land value-added income obtained by farmers was greatly improved compared with the current situation.In actual operation,this distribution mode has universal applicability.The reform of entering the market in the future also needs to raise the standards for entering the market,explore diversified interest protection channels,and strengthen the construction of rural collective management system.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2023-00302697,2022H1D3A3A01077254)。
文摘Plastic,renowned for its versatility,durability,and cost-effectiveness,is indispensable in modern society.Nevertheless,the annual production of nearly 400 million tons of plastic,coupled with a recycling rate of only 9%,has led to a monumental environmental crisis.Plastic recycling has emerged as a vital response to this crisis,offering sustainable solutions to mitigate its environmental impact.Among these recycling efforts,plastic upcycling has garnered attention,which elevates discarded plastics into higher-value products.Here,electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic treatments stand at the forefront of advanced plastic upcycling.Electrocatalytic or photoelectrocatalytic treatments involve chemical reactions that facilitate electron transfer through the electrode/electrolyte interface,driven by electrical or solar energy,respectively.These methods enable precise control of chemical reactions,harnessing potential,current density,or light to yield valuable chemical products.This review explores recent progress in plastic upcycling through electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic pathways,offering promising solutions to the plastic waste crisis and advancing sustainability in the plastics industry.
基金The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32201509)Hunan Science and Technology Xiaohe Talent Support Project(2022 TJ-XH 013)+6 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2022RC1156,2021RC2100)State Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resource Utilization Common Key Technology Innovation for the Green Transformation of Woody Oil(XLKY202205)State Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resource Utilization Project(2019XK2002)Key Research and Development Program of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration(GLM[2021]95)Hunan Forestry Outstanding Youth Project(XLK202108-1)Changsha Science and Technology Project(kq2202325,kq2107022)Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent of Hunan Province(2020RC4026).
文摘The C.oleifera oil processing industry generates large amounts of solid wastes,including C.oleifera shell(COS)and C.oleifera cake(COC).Distinct from generally acknowledged lignocellulosic biomass(corn stover,bamboo,birch,etc.),Camellia wastes contain diverse bioactive substances in addition to the abundant lignocellulosic components,and thus,the biorefinery utilization of C.oleifera processing byproducts involves complicated processing technologies.This reviewfirst summarizes various technologies for extracting and converting the main components in C.oleifera oil processing byproducts into value-added chemicals and biobased materials,as well as their potential applications.Microwave,ultrasound,and Soxhlet extractions are compared for the extraction of functional bioactive components(tannin,flavonoid,saponin,etc.),while solvothermal conversion and pyrolysis are discussed for the conversion of lignocellulosic components into value-added chemicals.The application areas of these chemicals according to their properties are introduced in detail,including utilizing antioxidant and anti-in-flammatory properties of the bioactive substances for the specific application,as well as drop-in chemicals for the substitution of unrenewable fossil fuel-derived products.In addition to chemical production,biochar fabricated from COS and its applications in thefields of adsorption,supercapacitor,soil remediation and wood composites are comprehensively reviewed and discussed.Finally,based on the compositions and structural characteristics of C.oleifera byproducts,the development of full-component valorization strategies and the expansion of the appli-cationfields are proposed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41930102。
文摘Digital elevation model(DEM)plays a fundamental role in the study of the earth system by expressing surface configuration,understanding surface process,and revealing surface mechanism.DEM is widely used in analysis and modeling in the field of geoscience.However,traditional DEM has the defect of single attribute,which is difficult to support the research in earth system science oriented to geoscience process and mechanism mining.Hence,realizing the value-added data model on the basis of traditional DEM is necessary to serve digital elevation modeling and terrain analysis under the background of a new geomorphology research paradigm and earth observation technology.A theoretical framework for value-added DEM that mainly includes concept,connotation,content,and categories,is constructed in this study.The relationship between different types of value-added DEMs as well as the research significance and application category of this theoretical framework are also proposed.The following are different methods of value-added DEMs:(1)value-added methods of DEM space and time dimensions that emphasize the integration of the ground and underground as well as coupling of time and space,(2)attribute-based value-added methods composed of material(including underground,surface,and ground)and morphological properties,and(3)value-added methods of features and physical elements that consider geographical objects and landform features formed by natural processes and artificial effects.The digital terrace,slope,and watershed models are used as examples to illustrate application scenarios of the three kinds of value-added methods.This study aims to improve expression methods of DEMs under the background of new surveying and mapping technologies by adding value to the DEM at three levels of dimensions,attributes,and elements as well as support knowledge-driven digital geomorphological analysis in the era of big data.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52225606)。
文摘To promote charge transfer and separation for efficient photocatalysis,a direct Z-scheme heterostructure was constructed by coupling polymeric carbon nitride(PCN) and WO_(3).Interestingly,the obtained PCN/WO_(3)Z-scheme heterostructure could photocataly tic ally produce hydrogen and value-added chemicals(e.g.,formate and acetate) by reforming of plastic polylactic acid(PLA) in alkaline aqueous condition.By optimizing WO_(3) contents and reaction conditions,the obtained PCN/WO_(3)heterostructure exhibits much increased photocatalytic activity for PLA photoreforming under visible light,with hydrogen evolution rate reaching 402.90 μmol·g~(-1)·h~(-1),which is 3.5 times that of PCN.It is revealed that the Z-scheme charge transfer between PCN and WO_(3) mainly contributes to the promoted charge separation and thus the improved photocatalytic activity.Moreover,with h+and·OH experimentally evidenced as the predominant active species,a possible reaction pathway for the reforming of PLA into value-added chemicals(e.g.,formate and acetate)over PCN/WO_(3) Z-scheme heterostructure is cleared by monitoring the reaction intermediates and radicals.This work paves a carbon neutrality and scalable route toward the synergistical production of hydrogen and value-added chemicals by utilizing and recycling plastic waste.
文摘Purpose:This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of authorship attributions in scientific publications,focusing on the fairness and precision of individual contributions within academic works.Design/methodology/approach:The study analyzes 81,823 publications from the journal PLOS ONE,covering the period from January 2018 to June 2023.It examines the authorship attributions within these publications to try and determine the prevalence of inappropriate authorship.It also investigates the demographic and professional profiles of affected authors,exploring trends and potential factors contributing to inaccuracies in authorship.Findings:Surprisingly,9.14%of articles feature at least one author with inappropriate authorship,affecting over 14,000 individuals(2.56%of the sample).Inappropriate authorship is more concentrated in Asia,Africa,and specific European countries like Italy.Established researchers with significant publication records and those affiliated with companies or nonprofits show higher instances of potential monetary authorship.Research limitations:Our findings are based on contributions as declared by the authors,which implies a degree of trust in their transparency.However,this reliance on self-reporting may introduce biases or inaccuracies into the dataset.Further research could employ additional verification methods to enhance the reliability of the findings.Practical implications:These findings have significant implications for journal publishers,Beyond authorship:Analyzing contributions in PLOS ONE and Maddi,A.,&the challenges of appropriate attribution highlighting the necessity for robust control mechanisms to ensure the integrity of authorship attributions.Moreover,researchers must exercise discernment in determining when to acknowledge a contributor and when to include them in the author list.Addressing these issues is crucial for maintaining the credibility and fairness of academic publications.Originality/value:This study contributes to an understanding of critical issues within academic authorship,shedding light on the prevalence and impact of inappropriate authorship attributions.By calling for a nuanced approach to ensure accurate credit is given where it is due,the study underscores the importance of upholding ethical standards in scholarly publishing.
基金The 2024 Chongqing Education Commission Humanities and Social Sciences Research Ideological and Political Education Special Project“Research on the Inner Logic and Practical Path of Empowering‘Digital Ideological and Political Education’with New Qualitative Productivity”(24SKSZ026)The 2024 Chongqing Education Commission Humanities and Social Sciences Research Ideological and Political Education Special Project“Research on the Value Connotation and Educational Path of‘Labor Innovation Collaboration’in Universities”(24SKSZ027)The 2023 Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Education Reform Research Project“Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Model Reform and Practice in New Engineering Talent Training:From the Perspective of the Second Classroom”(XJG23224)。
文摘The discourse on developing high-quality productivity marks a significant theoretical innovation,which is conducive to the modernization and sinicization of Marxism.It refines our understanding of“new quality productivity,”defining it as an advanced form driven by innovation,embodying“high technology,efficiency,and quality,”with the aim of comprehensively enhancing productivity.It elucidates the necessity of cultivating such forces,asserting that they are crucial for achieving high-quality development,securing a leading position in global technology,and fulfilling the aspirations for a better life.Moreover,it outlines a new implementation route,emphasizing strategies such as fostering technological autonomy,nurturing emerging industries,integrating education and talent in technology,adopting a“build through challenges”approach,adjusting solutions locally,and providing categorized guidance,all of which are based on the ongoing comprehensive reforms.
