The local configurations around metal ions in metalloproteins are of great significance for understanding their biolog- ical functions. Cu2＋/histidine （His） is a typical complex existing in many metalloproteins and...The local configurations around metal ions in metalloproteins are of great significance for understanding their biolog- ical functions. Cu2＋/histidine （His） is a typical complex existing in many metalloproteins and plays an important role in lots of physiological functions. The three-dimensional （3D） structural configurations of Cu2＋/His complexes at different pH values （2.5, 6.5, and 8.5） are quantitatively determined by x-ray absorption near-edge structure （XANES）. Generally Cu2＋/His complex keeps an octahedral configuration consisting of oxygen atoms from water molecules and oxygen or nitrogen atoms from histidine molecules coordinated around Cu2＋. It is proved in this work that the oxygen atoms from water molecules, when increasing the pH value from acid to basic value, are gradually substituted by the Ocarboxy1, Nam, and Nim from hisitidine molecules. Furthermore, the symmetries of Cu2＋/His complexes at pH 6.5 and pH 8.5 are found to be lower than at pH 2.5.展开更多
An integrated energy system(IES)contributes to improving energy efficiency and promoting sustainable energy development.For different dynamic characteristics of the system,such as demand/response schemes and complex c...An integrated energy system(IES)contributes to improving energy efficiency and promoting sustainable energy development.For different dynamic characteristics of the system,such as demand/response schemes and complex coupling characteristics among energy sources,siting and sizing of multitype energy storage(MES)are very important for the economic operation of the IES.Considering the effect of the diversity of the IES on system reserve based on electricity,gas and heat systems in different scenarios,a two-stage MES optimal configuration model,considering the system reserve value,is proposed.In the first stage,to determine the location and charging/discharging strategies,a location choice model that minimizes the operating cost,considering the system reserve value,is proposed.In the second stage,a capacity choice model,to minimize the investment and maintenance cost of the MES,is proposed.Finally,an example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the MES configuration method in this paper in handling operational diversity and ensuring system reserve.Compared with the configuration method that disregards the system reserve value,the results show that the MES configuration method proposed in this paper can reduce the annual investment cost and operating cost and improve the system reserve value.展开更多
结合综合能源系统的互联互动特征及减碳潜力,以区块链能源交易平台为载体,从绿证、碳交易及需求响应等多市场联动入手,提出了基于能源碳通证交互机制的综合能源市场减排价值计量与交易策略。首先,构建了包含多能源供给、多能源负荷、多...结合综合能源系统的互联互动特征及减碳潜力,以区块链能源交易平台为载体,从绿证、碳交易及需求响应等多市场联动入手,提出了基于能源碳通证交互机制的综合能源市场减排价值计量与交易策略。首先,构建了包含多能源供给、多能源负荷、多能源储能及电-气耦合设备的综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)拓扑结构及全流程碳排放模型;其次,设计了综合能源市场各类减碳交易及碳消除技术的减排价值计量模型;然后,创建了以减碳量为核心概念的能源碳通证,借助区块链技术的智能合约、共识机制等内容,通过超级账本的Fabric网络搭建了EC-Token交易平台,通过对IES的低碳技术及绿色行动进行“量化”激发市场活力。最后,采用某典型IES进行数值仿真,结果验证了所提策略的合理性和通证区块链平台的有效性。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11205186)
文摘The local configurations around metal ions in metalloproteins are of great significance for understanding their biolog- ical functions. Cu2＋/histidine （His） is a typical complex existing in many metalloproteins and plays an important role in lots of physiological functions. The three-dimensional （3D） structural configurations of Cu2＋/His complexes at different pH values （2.5, 6.5, and 8.5） are quantitatively determined by x-ray absorption near-edge structure （XANES）. Generally Cu2＋/His complex keeps an octahedral configuration consisting of oxygen atoms from water molecules and oxygen or nitrogen atoms from histidine molecules coordinated around Cu2＋. It is proved in this work that the oxygen atoms from water molecules, when increasing the pH value from acid to basic value, are gradually substituted by the Ocarboxy1, Nam, and Nim from hisitidine molecules. Furthermore, the symmetries of Cu2＋/His complexes at pH 6.5 and pH 8.5 are found to be lower than at pH 2.5.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB0905000)the Science and Technology Project of the State Grid Corporation of China(No.SGTJDK00DWJS1800232).
文摘An integrated energy system(IES)contributes to improving energy efficiency and promoting sustainable energy development.For different dynamic characteristics of the system,such as demand/response schemes and complex coupling characteristics among energy sources,siting and sizing of multitype energy storage(MES)are very important for the economic operation of the IES.Considering the effect of the diversity of the IES on system reserve based on electricity,gas and heat systems in different scenarios,a two-stage MES optimal configuration model,considering the system reserve value,is proposed.In the first stage,to determine the location and charging/discharging strategies,a location choice model that minimizes the operating cost,considering the system reserve value,is proposed.In the second stage,a capacity choice model,to minimize the investment and maintenance cost of the MES,is proposed.Finally,an example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the MES configuration method in this paper in handling operational diversity and ensuring system reserve.Compared with the configuration method that disregards the system reserve value,the results show that the MES configuration method proposed in this paper can reduce the annual investment cost and operating cost and improve the system reserve value.
文摘结合综合能源系统的互联互动特征及减碳潜力,以区块链能源交易平台为载体,从绿证、碳交易及需求响应等多市场联动入手,提出了基于能源碳通证交互机制的综合能源市场减排价值计量与交易策略。首先,构建了包含多能源供给、多能源负荷、多能源储能及电-气耦合设备的综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)拓扑结构及全流程碳排放模型;其次,设计了综合能源市场各类减碳交易及碳消除技术的减排价值计量模型;然后,创建了以减碳量为核心概念的能源碳通证,借助区块链技术的智能合约、共识机制等内容,通过超级账本的Fabric网络搭建了EC-Token交易平台,通过对IES的低碳技术及绿色行动进行“量化”激发市场活力。最后,采用某典型IES进行数值仿真,结果验证了所提策略的合理性和通证区块链平台的有效性。
