Since the 21 st century, both Chinese Mainland and the United States have formulated foreign language education policiesbased on their national needs. This paper makes a comparative study of the value orientations of ...Since the 21 st century, both Chinese Mainland and the United States have formulated foreign language education policiesbased on their national needs. This paper makes a comparative study of the value orientations of foreign language education poli-cies in Chinese Mainland and the United States in the 21 st century and finds that both China and the United States have regardedtheir national interests as the essential value orientation of their foreign language education policies. To be specific,the core valueorientation of foreign language education policies in China is to enhance its cultural soft power.In contrast,the core value orienta-tion of foreign language education policies in the United States is to safeguard its national security. Through the comparison of thedifferent value orientations of foreign language education policies of the two countries, the paper provides some reference for the for-eign language education policy-making in Chinese Mainland.展开更多
In cross-cultural communication(CC),due to the different cultural backgrounds and values,there are great differences between Chinese and Western thinking patterns,which often lead to cultural conflicts.Cultural differ...In cross-cultural communication(CC),due to the different cultural backgrounds and values,there are great differences between Chinese and Western thinking patterns,which often lead to cultural conflicts.Cultural differences cover a wide range,and this paper analyzes the great influence of cultural differences on CC from the perspectives of thinking patterns and value orientation in daily life in China and the West,and intends to find out the reasons behind and come up with solutions.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the urban landscape and its composition,main problems of urban landscape at the early stage of urbanization were summarized,including more attention to the technical content of urban landscape...Based on the analysis of the urban landscape and its composition,main problems of urban landscape at the early stage of urbanization were summarized,including more attention to the technical content of urban landscape,valuing transformation but belittling protection,emphasizing uniformity,ignoring the diversity,lack of scientific planning,and neglecting the value orientation. It is expected that the construction of urban landscape may return to its aesthetic value,practical value,ecological value and other aspects of value orientation. It is believed that the urban landscape is both a type of perception and experience. It can not only maintain the cultural heritage and the evolution of civilization,but also maintain the integration of the biological and physical environment,play the role of diversification in the urban public open space,and undertake social functions such as ecological,disaster prevention,waterlogging,and water conservancy at the same time of protecting and lighting the environment.展开更多
With the development of society and the progress of the times, the category of architectural design continues to expand, and the connotation of architectural design continues to expand too. In order to fred a balance ...With the development of society and the progress of the times, the category of architectural design continues to expand, and the connotation of architectural design continues to expand too. In order to fred a balance between the subjective value system and the objective value system, an architect must have a value orientation based on his own values and construct a judgment mode that what kind of value orientation is the lust choice for architectural design and how to guide and regulate the value orientation. Based on the concepts and principles of architectural design and value orientation, this study constructs a mode to solve the problem of priority value orientation in architectural design which is based on the analysis of the factors influencing architectural design.展开更多
This present theoretical paper tries to highlight,i.e.,how education plays an important role in the process of social change through inculcating value within the youngsters of our higher education particularly in this...This present theoretical paper tries to highlight,i.e.,how education plays an important role in the process of social change through inculcating value within the youngsters of our higher education particularly in this COVID-19 unpredicted situation.It is very potential instrument,a powerful medium of bringing about changes in the society through more than 65%of the youngsters in the higher education of our country.Changes brought about by value-oriented education are permanent and transcendent in nature.This paper suggests that with the help of new communication media,technology,modern methodology,and latest instructional materials,education brings about changes in the society during this COVID-19 situation.This paper also highlights that the NEP(1986)characterizes higher education as a crucial factor for survival,providing the Indian people with an opportunity to reflect on the critical,social,economic,cultural,moral and spiritual issues facing humanity.This paper further argues that higher education in this COVID-19 also is the main instrument for development and it is the time to change the ways and come forward for value orientation through universities and colleges by the government.It has the important task of preparing leaders for different walks of life-social,intellectual,political,cultural,scientific,and technological.展开更多
Based on the influence of the era of smart education on education and teaching,this article discusses the humanistic,social,cultural,and practical rationality of teaching reform in the era of smart education from the ...Based on the influence of the era of smart education on education and teaching,this article discusses the humanistic,social,cultural,and practical rationality of teaching reform in the era of smart education from the development trend of the integration of teaching reforms and information technology.Grasping the theoretical basis of teaching reform under the background of the new era will play a proper guiding role in the practice of teaching reform.展开更多
Combining the dictator game(DG)and the ultimatum game(UG),this study recruited 546 Chinese children(321 boys,aged 9–12 years)as distributors,and found that both peer comparison and social value orientation(SVO)signif...Combining the dictator game(DG)and the ultimatum game(UG),this study recruited 546 Chinese children(321 boys,aged 9–12 years)as distributors,and found that both peer comparison and social value orientation(SVO)significantly influenced children’s distributive fairness from late childhood to early adolescence.Results showed that as the unfairness of peer proposals increased,participants decreased the amount of gold coins distributed to the receiver in both tasks,revealing a peer comparison effect.This effect was more pronounced for adolescents than for children in both tasks.In addition,participants’fair distribution behaviors in the DG showed a three-way interaction effect of SVO,grade,and peer comparison.Specifically,for proselfs,children were not influenced by peers and consistently proposed self-interested distributions,whereas adolescents exhibited a peer comparison effect;for prosocials,both children and adolescents were influenced by peers,but children decreased the amount of their distributions only when they saw peers make extremely unfair distributions,whereas adolescents decreased the amount of their distributions when they saw peers make both mildly and extremely unfair distributions.This study highlights the importance of social environment and personal trait in shaping children’s fair distribution behavior during the transition from late childhood to early adolescence.展开更多
To improve the adaptability of Connected and Automated Vehicles(CAVs)in mixed traffic,this study proposes a prediction model training indicator that comprehensively considers drivers'Social Value Orientation(SVO)a...To improve the adaptability of Connected and Automated Vehicles(CAVs)in mixed traffic,this study proposes a prediction model training indicator that comprehensively considers drivers'Social Value Orientation(SVO)and planning goals.Active Influence Factor(AIF)is used as the goal to predict the future safety loss and consistency loss of CAVs.Second,an objective function based on SVO is constructed to understand the driver’s characteristics to evaluate the safety,comfort,efficiency,and consistency of candidate trajectories.The results showed that integrating SVO and consistency functions can help ensure that CAVs drive under a more stable risk potential energy field.The prediction planning model that considers SVO can improve the reliability of the CAV output trajectory to a certain extent.The prediction planning under the AIF has better accuracy and stability of the output trajectory;however,it still has strong adaptability and superiority under different sensitivity parameters.The minimum and maximum standard deviations of our model are 0.78 and 0.78 m,respectively,whereas the minimum and maximum standard deviations of the comparative model reach 2.07 and 4.56 m,respectively.The minimum standard deviation of the other comparative model reaches 1.35 m,and the maximum standard deviation reaches 4.45 m.展开更多
Background:Natural ecosystems provide necessary services for human beings,including ecosystem service values(ESVs)and socioeconomic service values(SSVs).The value orientations of ESVs and SSVs are mainly related to pe...Background:Natural ecosystems provide necessary services for human beings,including ecosystem service values(ESVs)and socioeconomic service values(SSVs).The value orientations of ESVs and SSVs are mainly related to people’s interaction with nature.This study reclassified greenspace from a perspective of exposed and non-exposed greenspace based on the level of interaction by people and greenspace.We applied an expert questionnaire to survey the SSVs value orientations of forestland,grassland,wetland,and water bodies,and quantitatively compared the value orientations between the ESVs and SSVs of greenspace in China.Result:(1)The values of exposed greenspace were relatively far higher than nonexposed greenspace,as it had both ESVs and SSVs.(2)The forestland and grassland had relatively high ESVs and SSVs,and are the priority for both the exposed and non-exposed greenspace.(3)Wetland had relatively high ESVs but low SSVs,which was unpopular for exposed greenspace.(4)The ESVs and SSVs of water body were relatively balanced.Conclusion:Greenspace had both ESVs and SSVs when they are exposed to human.Our study provided an innovative perspective to explore the value orientations of greenspace,which provides an actionable scientific basis for greenspace planning,design and construction in human habitat.展开更多
The retention or abolition of national college entrance examination(CEE)has triggered a fierce controversy in academe.Although controversial causes and focus vary from time to time,the result remains the same—adoptin...The retention or abolition of national college entrance examination(CEE)has triggered a fierce controversy in academe.Although controversial causes and focus vary from time to time,the result remains the same—adopting uniform national examinations and making it innovative all the time.Since CEE has political,social and educational functions,it is necessary not only to make CEE keep up with the times and actively reform,but also to uphold the principle of attaining the balance between change and steady,which is the only approach to maintaining CEE.展开更多
The current study investigated two types of punishment(prosocial and proself punishment)in the ultimatum game(UG)and examined the impact of individuals’prosocial orientation on the costly punishment in the UG in a re...The current study investigated two types of punishment(prosocial and proself punishment)in the ultimatum game(UG)and examined the impact of individuals’prosocial orientation on the costly punishment in the UG in a representative sample of Chinese undergraduate students(N=344).The prosocial orientation was measured with individuals’performance in the dictator game(DG),social value orientation(SVO),and the personal norm of reciprocity.Prosocial and proself punishers were established with responses in advantage and disadvantage offers in the UG.Results showed that prosocial and proself punishers coexisted in the UG,and prosocial punishers were more likely to be prosocial in SVO and allocated more resources to the recipient in the DG than proself punishers,but differences in positive/negative reciprocity between prosocial and proself punishers were not found.Further regression analysis found that SVO type and generosity in the DG could predict the type of punishers in the UG,but not positive/negative reciprocity.These findings indicate that individuals rejecting unfair offers in the UG may be motivated by either prosocial motivation with strict fairness concern(prosocial punishment)or selfish motivation with maximizing self-interest concern(proself punishment).Moreover,SVO type and generosity in the DG might be effective measures to discriminate prosocial and proself punishers in the UG.展开更多
There are deep-rooted traditions of researches on the youth problems in Russia, By their trends and purposes they partly concur with the traditions of the humanities in Europe and America. In Russia in different times...There are deep-rooted traditions of researches on the youth problems in Russia, By their trends and purposes they partly concur with the traditions of the humanities in Europe and America. In Russia in different timesmit was the same way in the West-diverse youth concepts had been conveying and continue to express the society＇s expectations for new generations. This is in a sense a theoretical mirror of the natural process of generation change. Under modern conditions these concepts can be reduced to three directions： youth-＂no man＇s land＂, youth-social danger, youth-hope of society. At the same time youth theories have the mark of the socio-cultural contexts and contexts of the development of the humanities in Russia. In this article these similarities and distinctions will be examined.展开更多
With the rapid development of science and globalization,communication between people is becoming more and more convenient and flexible.However,communication breakdown still occurs occasionally in the process of interc...With the rapid development of science and globalization,communication between people is becoming more and more convenient and flexible.However,communication breakdown still occurs occasionally in the process of intercultural communication.Pragmatics failure is one of the main causes of the bias in intercultural communication.Based on the Jenny Thomas’theory,pragmatic failure is divided into pragmalinguistic failure and sociopragmatic failure,the former is defined as the lack of pragmatic knowledge,while the latter affects more fundamentally the effect of intercultural communication as sociopragmatic failure is caused by the differences in cultural dimensions,ways of thinking,value orientation between speakers.By cognizing and understanding the main causes of pragmatic failures,intercultural speakers could avoid misunderstanding between different cultures and promote their intercultural communicative competence,in order to achieve an effective result of intercultural communication.展开更多
Questions can be classified from different perspectives： grammatical form, communicative value, content orientation and cognitive level. In language pedagogy, text-based questioning as both an attention drawing devic...Questions can be classified from different perspectives： grammatical form, communicative value, content orientation and cognitive level. In language pedagogy, text-based questioning as both an attention drawing device and a form of learning tasks serves text instruction. Therefore, language teachers preparing text-based questioning should take into consideration all dimensions of questions, especially cognitive requirement and communicative character. In addition, interaction between learner, text and the world can be achieved by the adoption of both about-the-text and beyond-the-text questions in teachers＇ text-based question construction.展开更多
I.INTRODUCTION General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the path of distinctive financial development in China must adhere to a people-centered value orientation,serving the real economy as its fundamental purpose...I.INTRODUCTION General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the path of distinctive financial development in China must adhere to a people-centered value orientation,serving the real economy as its fundamental purpose.'As the lifeblood of the real economy,finance plays a crucial role in serving the real economy,which is not only its duty but also a fundamental measure to prevent financial risks.If finance becomes overly focused on self-circulation and self-inflation,it will become a tree without roots or water without source,and sooner or later,it will lead to a crisis.展开更多
From the perspective of legal norms, the legal attributes of forensic testimony in the course of criminal proceedings are manifested in two forms： one is the collection of evidence; the other is the exercise of power...From the perspective of legal norms, the legal attributes of forensic testimony in the course of criminal proceedings are manifested in two forms： one is the collection of evidence; the other is the exercise of power. However, the values residing in these two legal attributes are not the same. The former emphasizes ＂justice,＂ and the latter, ＂efficiency.＂ An analysis of the legal norms governing forensic testimony in different periods shows that forensic testimony in criminal proceedings is gradually shifting from a pattern dominated by the exercise of power to one characterized by the collection of evidence. However, a genuine return to the essential character of forensic testimony as the collection of evidence must be premised on a change in the value orientation of the Criminal Procedure Law, that is, on a change from ＂efficiency＂ to ＂justice.＂展开更多
This paper explores the relationship between leader values and actions in the Chinese context.The Chinese Value Instrument(CVI)and the Strategic Leadership Questionnaire(SLQ)were used as the primary data collection to...This paper explores the relationship between leader values and actions in the Chinese context.The Chinese Value Instrument(CVI)and the Strategic Leadership Questionnaire(SLQ)were used as the primary data collection tools.The CVI was used to measure the presence of ten values:(1)social harmony,(2)benevolence and honesty,(3)initiative and innovation(challenge and creativity),(4)achievement and power,(5)zhongyong(practicality and modesty),(6)stability,(7)familial loyalty,(8)happiness,(9)renqing(sympathy)and guanxi(personal relationships),and(10)freedom and equity.The findings indicate that achievement and initiative were at the low end of the value continuum.Familial loyalty,social harmony,and benevolence were at the high end of the value continuum.The SLQ measured the managing,transforming,bonding,bridging,and bartering actions leaders use to mobilize and gain support from followers.The findings indicate that the Chinese school principal management prototype is formed around transforming and bonding actions.This prototype changes depending on role assignment and school type.A connection between leader values and actions was established with regard to the values of achievement and power,benevolence and honesty,and stability.展开更多
The problem of state feedback controllers for a class of Takagi-Sugeno （T-S） Lipschitz nonlinear systems is investigated. A simple systematic and useful synthesis method is proposed based on the use of the different...The problem of state feedback controllers for a class of Takagi-Sugeno （T-S） Lipschitz nonlinear systems is investigated. A simple systematic and useful synthesis method is proposed based on the use of the differential mean value theorem （DMVT） and convex theory. The proposed design approach is based on the mean value theorem （MVT） to express the nonlinear error dynamics as a convex combination of known matrices with time varying coefficients as linear parameter varying （LPV） systems. Using the Lyapunov theory, stability conditions are obtained and expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs）. The controller gains are then obtained by solving linear matrix inequalities. The effectiveness of the proposed approach for closed loop-field oriented control （CL-FOC） of permanent magnet synchronous machine （PMSM） drives is demonstrated through an illustrative simulation for the proof of these approaches. Furthermore, an extension for controller design with parameter uncertainties and perturbation performance is discussed.展开更多
文摘Since the 21 st century, both Chinese Mainland and the United States have formulated foreign language education policiesbased on their national needs. This paper makes a comparative study of the value orientations of foreign language education poli-cies in Chinese Mainland and the United States in the 21 st century and finds that both China and the United States have regardedtheir national interests as the essential value orientation of their foreign language education policies. To be specific,the core valueorientation of foreign language education policies in China is to enhance its cultural soft power.In contrast,the core value orienta-tion of foreign language education policies in the United States is to safeguard its national security. Through the comparison of thedifferent value orientations of foreign language education policies of the two countries, the paper provides some reference for the for-eign language education policy-making in Chinese Mainland.
基金The research is supported by the foundation of Chengdu University of Technology for Key Teachers(10912-JXGG2020-00539)It is also a researching finding of the Project of Sichuan Foreign Language Literature Research Center“A Research of Sichuan Opera Translation and Overseas Circulation in Cross-cultural Communication”(SCYC2020-03).
文摘In cross-cultural communication(CC),due to the different cultural backgrounds and values,there are great differences between Chinese and Western thinking patterns,which often lead to cultural conflicts.Cultural differences cover a wide range,and this paper analyzes the great influence of cultural differences on CC from the perspectives of thinking patterns and value orientation in daily life in China and the West,and intends to find out the reasons behind and come up with solutions.
基金Sponsored by Project of National Social Science Foundation(2014BZX084)
文摘Based on the analysis of the urban landscape and its composition,main problems of urban landscape at the early stage of urbanization were summarized,including more attention to the technical content of urban landscape,valuing transformation but belittling protection,emphasizing uniformity,ignoring the diversity,lack of scientific planning,and neglecting the value orientation. It is expected that the construction of urban landscape may return to its aesthetic value,practical value,ecological value and other aspects of value orientation. It is believed that the urban landscape is both a type of perception and experience. It can not only maintain the cultural heritage and the evolution of civilization,but also maintain the integration of the biological and physical environment,play the role of diversification in the urban public open space,and undertake social functions such as ecological,disaster prevention,waterlogging,and water conservancy at the same time of protecting and lighting the environment.
文摘With the development of society and the progress of the times, the category of architectural design continues to expand, and the connotation of architectural design continues to expand too. In order to fred a balance between the subjective value system and the objective value system, an architect must have a value orientation based on his own values and construct a judgment mode that what kind of value orientation is the lust choice for architectural design and how to guide and regulate the value orientation. Based on the concepts and principles of architectural design and value orientation, this study constructs a mode to solve the problem of priority value orientation in architectural design which is based on the analysis of the factors influencing architectural design.
文摘This present theoretical paper tries to highlight,i.e.,how education plays an important role in the process of social change through inculcating value within the youngsters of our higher education particularly in this COVID-19 unpredicted situation.It is very potential instrument,a powerful medium of bringing about changes in the society through more than 65%of the youngsters in the higher education of our country.Changes brought about by value-oriented education are permanent and transcendent in nature.This paper suggests that with the help of new communication media,technology,modern methodology,and latest instructional materials,education brings about changes in the society during this COVID-19 situation.This paper also highlights that the NEP(1986)characterizes higher education as a crucial factor for survival,providing the Indian people with an opportunity to reflect on the critical,social,economic,cultural,moral and spiritual issues facing humanity.This paper further argues that higher education in this COVID-19 also is the main instrument for development and it is the time to change the ways and come forward for value orientation through universities and colleges by the government.It has the important task of preparing leaders for different walks of life-social,intellectual,political,cultural,scientific,and technological.
基金This paper is the stage achievement of the reform and practice project of education and teaching in Hebei Province“The Research Pointing to Students’Core Accomplishment on Teaching Reform in Local Colleges and Universities(Project No.:2018 GJJG557)The Research on the Management System with System-Driven as the Core of First-Class Curriculum Construction(Project No.:2019 GJJG493)”.
文摘Based on the influence of the era of smart education on education and teaching,this article discusses the humanistic,social,cultural,and practical rationality of teaching reform in the era of smart education from the development trend of the integration of teaching reforms and information technology.Grasping the theoretical basis of teaching reform under the background of the new era will play a proper guiding role in the practice of teaching reform.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32371102the fund for building world-class universities(disciplines)of Renmin University of China。
文摘Combining the dictator game(DG)and the ultimatum game(UG),this study recruited 546 Chinese children(321 boys,aged 9–12 years)as distributors,and found that both peer comparison and social value orientation(SVO)significantly influenced children’s distributive fairness from late childhood to early adolescence.Results showed that as the unfairness of peer proposals increased,participants decreased the amount of gold coins distributed to the receiver in both tasks,revealing a peer comparison effect.This effect was more pronounced for adolescents than for children in both tasks.In addition,participants’fair distribution behaviors in the DG showed a three-way interaction effect of SVO,grade,and peer comparison.Specifically,for proselfs,children were not influenced by peers and consistently proposed self-interested distributions,whereas adolescents exhibited a peer comparison effect;for prosocials,both children and adolescents were influenced by peers,but children decreased the amount of their distributions only when they saw peers make extremely unfair distributions,whereas adolescents decreased the amount of their distributions when they saw peers make both mildly and extremely unfair distributions.This study highlights the importance of social environment and personal trait in shaping children’s fair distribution behavior during the transition from late childhood to early adolescence.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Plan of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Transportation(Grant No.2024017)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(Grant No.2022C01050)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2024BSSXM01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72361137006)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LR23E080002)the Research Project of Balanced Building Research Center,Zhejiang University(Grant No.K20212792)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Grant No.15210620).
文摘To improve the adaptability of Connected and Automated Vehicles(CAVs)in mixed traffic,this study proposes a prediction model training indicator that comprehensively considers drivers'Social Value Orientation(SVO)and planning goals.Active Influence Factor(AIF)is used as the goal to predict the future safety loss and consistency loss of CAVs.Second,an objective function based on SVO is constructed to understand the driver’s characteristics to evaluate the safety,comfort,efficiency,and consistency of candidate trajectories.The results showed that integrating SVO and consistency functions can help ensure that CAVs drive under a more stable risk potential energy field.The prediction planning model that considers SVO can improve the reliability of the CAV output trajectory to a certain extent.The prediction planning under the AIF has better accuracy and stability of the output trajectory;however,it still has strong adaptability and superiority under different sensitivity parameters.The minimum and maximum standard deviations of our model are 0.78 and 0.78 m,respectively,whereas the minimum and maximum standard deviations of the comparative model reach 2.07 and 4.56 m,respectively.The minimum standard deviation of the other comparative model reaches 1.35 m,and the maximum standard deviation reaches 4.45 m.
基金This work was supported by the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(132C35KYSB20200007)the Major Special Project-the China High-Resolution Earth Observation System(30-Y30F06-9003-20/22).
文摘Background:Natural ecosystems provide necessary services for human beings,including ecosystem service values(ESVs)and socioeconomic service values(SSVs).The value orientations of ESVs and SSVs are mainly related to people’s interaction with nature.This study reclassified greenspace from a perspective of exposed and non-exposed greenspace based on the level of interaction by people and greenspace.We applied an expert questionnaire to survey the SSVs value orientations of forestland,grassland,wetland,and water bodies,and quantitatively compared the value orientations between the ESVs and SSVs of greenspace in China.Result:(1)The values of exposed greenspace were relatively far higher than nonexposed greenspace,as it had both ESVs and SSVs.(2)The forestland and grassland had relatively high ESVs and SSVs,and are the priority for both the exposed and non-exposed greenspace.(3)Wetland had relatively high ESVs but low SSVs,which was unpopular for exposed greenspace.(4)The ESVs and SSVs of water body were relatively balanced.Conclusion:Greenspace had both ESVs and SSVs when they are exposed to human.Our study provided an innovative perspective to explore the value orientations of greenspace,which provides an actionable scientific basis for greenspace planning,design and construction in human habitat.
基金This study is supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities of Fujian Province(2007).
文摘The retention or abolition of national college entrance examination(CEE)has triggered a fierce controversy in academe.Although controversial causes and focus vary from time to time,the result remains the same—adopting uniform national examinations and making it innovative all the time.Since CEE has political,social and educational functions,it is necessary not only to make CEE keep up with the times and actively reform,but also to uphold the principle of attaining the balance between change and steady,which is the only approach to maintaining CEE.
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China Grants 31971009 and 31300859.
文摘The current study investigated two types of punishment(prosocial and proself punishment)in the ultimatum game(UG)and examined the impact of individuals’prosocial orientation on the costly punishment in the UG in a representative sample of Chinese undergraduate students(N=344).The prosocial orientation was measured with individuals’performance in the dictator game(DG),social value orientation(SVO),and the personal norm of reciprocity.Prosocial and proself punishers were established with responses in advantage and disadvantage offers in the UG.Results showed that prosocial and proself punishers coexisted in the UG,and prosocial punishers were more likely to be prosocial in SVO and allocated more resources to the recipient in the DG than proself punishers,but differences in positive/negative reciprocity between prosocial and proself punishers were not found.Further regression analysis found that SVO type and generosity in the DG could predict the type of punishers in the UG,but not positive/negative reciprocity.These findings indicate that individuals rejecting unfair offers in the UG may be motivated by either prosocial motivation with strict fairness concern(prosocial punishment)or selfish motivation with maximizing self-interest concern(proself punishment).Moreover,SVO type and generosity in the DG might be effective measures to discriminate prosocial and proself punishers in the UG.
文摘There are deep-rooted traditions of researches on the youth problems in Russia, By their trends and purposes they partly concur with the traditions of the humanities in Europe and America. In Russia in different timesmit was the same way in the West-diverse youth concepts had been conveying and continue to express the society＇s expectations for new generations. This is in a sense a theoretical mirror of the natural process of generation change. Under modern conditions these concepts can be reduced to three directions： youth-＂no man＇s land＂, youth-social danger, youth-hope of society. At the same time youth theories have the mark of the socio-cultural contexts and contexts of the development of the humanities in Russia. In this article these similarities and distinctions will be examined.
文摘With the rapid development of science and globalization,communication between people is becoming more and more convenient and flexible.However,communication breakdown still occurs occasionally in the process of intercultural communication.Pragmatics failure is one of the main causes of the bias in intercultural communication.Based on the Jenny Thomas’theory,pragmatic failure is divided into pragmalinguistic failure and sociopragmatic failure,the former is defined as the lack of pragmatic knowledge,while the latter affects more fundamentally the effect of intercultural communication as sociopragmatic failure is caused by the differences in cultural dimensions,ways of thinking,value orientation between speakers.By cognizing and understanding the main causes of pragmatic failures,intercultural speakers could avoid misunderstanding between different cultures and promote their intercultural communicative competence,in order to achieve an effective result of intercultural communication.
文摘Questions can be classified from different perspectives： grammatical form, communicative value, content orientation and cognitive level. In language pedagogy, text-based questioning as both an attention drawing device and a form of learning tasks serves text instruction. Therefore, language teachers preparing text-based questioning should take into consideration all dimensions of questions, especially cognitive requirement and communicative character. In addition, interaction between learner, text and the world can be achieved by the adoption of both about-the-text and beyond-the-text questions in teachers＇ text-based question construction.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.JBK202511070).
文摘I.INTRODUCTION General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the path of distinctive financial development in China must adhere to a people-centered value orientation,serving the real economy as its fundamental purpose.'As the lifeblood of the real economy,finance plays a crucial role in serving the real economy,which is not only its duty but also a fundamental measure to prevent financial risks.If finance becomes overly focused on self-circulation and self-inflation,it will become a tree without roots or water without source,and sooner or later,it will lead to a crisis.
基金the Youth Project of the National Social Sciences Foundation"Linking Securies Administrative Punishment with Criminal Penalty"(No.11CFX048)support from the Project of the Institute of Foreign Law and Comparetive Law of East China University of Political Science and Law(No.SJ0709)the Disciplinary Building Project of Legal History of East China University of Political Science and Law(No.030102)
文摘From the perspective of legal norms, the legal attributes of forensic testimony in the course of criminal proceedings are manifested in two forms： one is the collection of evidence; the other is the exercise of power. However, the values residing in these two legal attributes are not the same. The former emphasizes ＂justice,＂ and the latter, ＂efficiency.＂ An analysis of the legal norms governing forensic testimony in different periods shows that forensic testimony in criminal proceedings is gradually shifting from a pattern dominated by the exercise of power to one characterized by the collection of evidence. However, a genuine return to the essential character of forensic testimony as the collection of evidence must be premised on a change in the value orientation of the Criminal Procedure Law, that is, on a change from ＂efficiency＂ to ＂justice.＂
文摘This paper explores the relationship between leader values and actions in the Chinese context.The Chinese Value Instrument(CVI)and the Strategic Leadership Questionnaire(SLQ)were used as the primary data collection tools.The CVI was used to measure the presence of ten values:(1)social harmony,(2)benevolence and honesty,(3)initiative and innovation(challenge and creativity),(4)achievement and power,(5)zhongyong(practicality and modesty),(6)stability,(7)familial loyalty,(8)happiness,(9)renqing(sympathy)and guanxi(personal relationships),and(10)freedom and equity.The findings indicate that achievement and initiative were at the low end of the value continuum.Familial loyalty,social harmony,and benevolence were at the high end of the value continuum.The SLQ measured the managing,transforming,bonding,bridging,and bartering actions leaders use to mobilize and gain support from followers.The findings indicate that the Chinese school principal management prototype is formed around transforming and bonding actions.This prototype changes depending on role assignment and school type.A connection between leader values and actions was established with regard to the values of achievement and power,benevolence and honesty,and stability.
文摘The problem of state feedback controllers for a class of Takagi-Sugeno （T-S） Lipschitz nonlinear systems is investigated. A simple systematic and useful synthesis method is proposed based on the use of the differential mean value theorem （DMVT） and convex theory. The proposed design approach is based on the mean value theorem （MVT） to express the nonlinear error dynamics as a convex combination of known matrices with time varying coefficients as linear parameter varying （LPV） systems. Using the Lyapunov theory, stability conditions are obtained and expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs）. The controller gains are then obtained by solving linear matrix inequalities. The effectiveness of the proposed approach for closed loop-field oriented control （CL-FOC） of permanent magnet synchronous machine （PMSM） drives is demonstrated through an illustrative simulation for the proof of these approaches. Furthermore, an extension for controller design with parameter uncertainties and perturbation performance is discussed.
