Benidipine hydrochloride, used as an antihypertensive agent and long-acting calcium antagonist, is synthesized for commercial use as a drug substance in highly pure form. During the synthetic process development studi...Benidipine hydrochloride, used as an antihypertensive agent and long-acting calcium antagonist, is synthesized for commercial use as a drug substance in highly pure form. During the synthetic process development studies of benidipine, process related impurities were detected. These impurities were identified, synthesized and characterized and mechanisms of their formation were discussed in detail. After all standardization procedures, they were used as reference standards for analytical studies. In addition, a separate HPLC method was developed and validated for detection of residual 1-benzylpi- peridin-3-ol （Ben-2）, which is used during benidipine synthesis and controlled as a potential process related impurity. As complementary of this work, stress-testing studies of benidipine were carried out under specified conditions and a stability-indicating UPLC assay method was developed, validated and used during stability studies of benidipine.展开更多
To explore the material basis and mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of Hibiscus mutabilis L..The active ingredients and potential targets of Hibiscus mutabilis L.were obtained through the literature review a...To explore the material basis and mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of Hibiscus mutabilis L..The active ingredients and potential targets of Hibiscus mutabilis L.were obtained through the literature review and SwissADME platform.Genes related to the inflammation were collected using Genecards and OMIM databases,and the intersection genes were submitted on STRING and DAVID websites.Then,the protein interaction network(PPI),gene ontology(GO)and pathway(KEGG)were analyzed.Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct the“Hibiscus mutabilis L.-active ingredient-target-inflammation”network diagram,and AutoDockTools-1.5.6 software was used for the molecular docking verification.The antiinflammatory effect of Hibiscus mutabilis L.active ingredient was verified by the RAW264.7 inflammatory cell model.The results showed that 11 active components and 94 potential targets,1029 inflammatory targets and 24 intersection targets were obtained from Hibiscus mutabilis L..The key anti-inflammatory active ingredients of Hibiscus mutabilis L.are quercetin,apigenin and luteolin.Its action pathway is mainly related to NF-κB,cancer pathway and TNF signaling pathway.Cell experiments showed that total flavonoids of Hibiscus mutabilis L.could effectively inhibit the expression of tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),interleukin 8(IL-8)and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 inflammatory cells.It also downregulates the phosphorylation of human nuclear factor ĸB inhibitory protein α(IĸBα)and NF-κB p65 subunit protein(p65).Overall,the anti-inflammatory effect of Hibiscus mutabilis L.is related to many active components,many signal pathways and targets,which provides a theoretical basis for its further development and application.展开更多
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was developed for the direct determination of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in sturgeon caviar extract.The assay employed n-hexane extraction combined wit...A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was developed for the direct determination of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in sturgeon caviar extract.The assay employed n-hexane extraction combined with gradient elution(ZORBAX SB-C18 column),with data collected using a diode array detector.The content was calculated by external standard method and validated against the national standard(GB 5009.168-2016).The study also measured DPPH free radical scavenging capacity and moisture retention rate across different DHA concentration groups.The results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits excellent linearity(r=0.9997),with recovery rates ranging from 92.1% to 101.1% and relative standard deviations(RSD)of 2.23% to 3.92%.Compared to the national standard method,the relative deviation was 0.67% to 1.68%.At specific test concentrations,the high-DHA group shows significantly higher moisture retention(100.48%),hygroscopicity(100.85%),and DPPH scavenging efficiency(57.46%)than the low-DHA group(10.33%,11.76%,and 3.71%).The RP-HPLC method developed in this study simplifies DHA detection procedures with simple reagents and reliable results,making it suitable for rapid qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of target components in caviar extract quality control.The DPPH experiment further reveals the correlation between DHA content and antioxidant efficacy in sturgeon caviar extracts,providing scientific evidence for developing functional cosmetics.展开更多
In their recent paper Pereira et al.(2025)claim that validation is overlooked in mapping and modelling of ecosystem services(ES).They state that“many studies lack critical evaluation of the results and no validation ...In their recent paper Pereira et al.(2025)claim that validation is overlooked in mapping and modelling of ecosystem services(ES).They state that“many studies lack critical evaluation of the results and no validation is provided”and that“the validation step is largely overlooked”.This assertion may have been true several years ago,for example,when Ochoa and Urbina-Cardona(2017)made a similar observation.However,there has been much work on ES model validation over the last decade.展开更多
Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is ...Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is designed to assess physical activity(PA)across all key domains(i.e.,school,chores,work/volunteering,transport,free time,outdoor time).It aimed to address multiple gaps in global PA surveillance(e.g.,omission of important PA domains,insufficient cultural adaptation,underrepresentation of rural areas in questionnaire validation studies).The purpose of this study was to assess the content validity of the GAC-PAQ among PA experts,8-to 17-year-olds,and one of their parents/guardians,and to discuss changes made to the questionnaire based on participants'feedback.Methods:Sixty-two experts in PA measurement and/or surveillance from 24 countries completed an online survey that included both closed-and open-ended questions about the content validity of the GAC-PAQ.The proportion of experts who agreed or strongly agreed with the items was calculated.Child-parent/guardian dyads from 15 countries(n=250;10-40 per country)participated in a structured cognitive interview to assess the clarity of the questions and response options,and they were encouraged to provide suggestions to improve clarity and facilitate completion of the questionnaire.Participating countries are:Aotearoa New Zealand,Brazil,Canada,China,Colombia,Czech Republic,India,Malawi,Mexico,Nepal,Nigeria,Spain,Sweden,Thailand,and the United Arab Emirates.Interviews were conducted in 13 different languages and structured by PA domain.Generic images were included to help participants in answering questions about PA intensity.Results:Expert agreement with the items for each domain exceeded 75%,and their qualitative feedback was used to revise the questionnaire before cognitive interviews.In general,participants found the questionnaire to be comprehensive.Adolescents(12-17 years)found it easier than children(8-11 years)to answer the questions.Several children struggled to answer questions about the duration and intensity of activities and/or concepts related to travel modes,active trips,and organized activities.Many parents/guardians were unsure about the frequency,duration,and intensity of their children's or adolescents'PA at school and/or recommended using more culturally relevant and appropriate images.Some participants misunderstood the concept of activities that“make you stronger”(intended to assess resistance activities)and/or struggled to differentiate between work,volunteering,and chores.Conclusion:Participants'feedback was used to develop a revised,simplified,and culturally adapted GAC-PAQ,which will be pilot-tested in all15 countries in an App that will include country-specific images and narration in local languages.Further research is needed to assess the reliability and validity of the revised GAC-PAQ.展开更多
This study examines the reliability and validity of AI-generated scoring for continuation writing tasks.By comparing GPT-4 with eight experienced human raters across 21 student responses,it evaluates AI’s consistency...This study examines the reliability and validity of AI-generated scoring for continuation writing tasks.By comparing GPT-4 with eight experienced human raters across 21 student responses,it evaluates AI’s consistency,severity,and alignment with human scoring criteria.Results show that AI exhibits high self-consistency and adapts effectively to different scoring roles(e.g.,teacher vs.highstakes rater).However,AI scores were more lenient than human raters and demonstrated divergent evaluation focuses—prioritizing narrative coherence and emotional depth,while teachers emphasized linguistic accuracy and richness of detail.The findings suggest AI’s potential as a supplementary assessment tool,offering rapid,holistic feedback,but highlight the need for further calibration to align with educational standards.Implications include exploring hybrid evaluation models that leverage the strengths of both AI and human raters to achieve more equitable,efficient,and pedagogically meaningful writing assessments.展开更多
Background:Artificial intelligence medical diagnostic devices(AIMDDs)show strong potential but face barriers to clinical use,emphasizing the need for rigorous clinical research.Objective:We assessed current AIMDD rese...Background:Artificial intelligence medical diagnostic devices(AIMDDs)show strong potential but face barriers to clinical use,emphasizing the need for rigorous clinical research.Objective:We assessed current AIMDD research,key challenges,and future directions.Methods:A scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.PubMed,Web of Science Core Collection,and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(January 2020-December 2024)were searched on AIMDD design,implementation,and evaluation.Two independent researchers screened and extracted data from the literature using predefined criteria.Results:Ninety-seven articles met the inclusion criteria.Machine learning and deep learning approaches dominated across diverse disease fields,with oncology being the most frequent(41%).The key challenges identified include insufficient quantity,quality,representativeness,and diversity of data;research designs that do not adequately address clinical needs;poor patient selection;poorly defined gold standards;lack of external and prospective validation;and a disconnect between validation strategies and clinical practice.Additionally,issues such as the“black box”phenomenon,overfitting,and data privacy concerns hinder clinical translation.Completeness and standardization of reporting were also found to be lacking.Conclusions:Significant challenges remain in the development and clinical application of AIMDD.To facilitate their clinical translation,improvements are needed in dataset optimization,clinically driven research design,development of evaluation frameworks,enhanced interpretability,and standardized reporting and validation of algorithms.展开更多
China launched its first spaceborne Precipitation Measurement Radar(PMR)on the FY-3G satellite in April 2023.To achieve the scientific goal of measuring the three-dimensional precipitation structure,evaluating the qua...China launched its first spaceborne Precipitation Measurement Radar(PMR)on the FY-3G satellite in April 2023.To achieve the scientific goal of measuring the three-dimensional precipitation structure,evaluating the quantitative measurement ability of the PMR is critical.China operates more than 250 weather radars over the mainland.Consistency of the spaceborne radar with ground-based radars will enhance precipitation measurement ability,especially over oceans and mountains where observations are sparse.Additionally,the spaceborne radar can be used to evaluate the spatial and temporal homogeneity of the ground-based radar network.This paper focuses on comparing the PMR onboard the FY-3G satellite with S-band China New Generation Weather Radars(CINRADs).A comparison algorithm between the PMR and CINRADs has been developed,incorporating detailed quality control,attenuation correction,data optimization,spatiotemporal matching,non-uniform beam filling constraint,uniformity constraint,and frequency correction.The matched data in typical months of four seasons were selected to carry out the comparison.The data consistency between the PMR and CINRADs was analyzed.The correlation coefficient is 0.87,the deviation is 0.89 dB,and the standard deviation is 2.50 dB,based on 98226 matching samples.The results show the radar reflectivity of the PMR is quite comparable to that of the CINRADs,demonstrating that the PMR data quality is satisfactory and can be used to verify and correct data consistency among multiple ground-based radars.This work also paves the way for data fusion and joint application of satellite and ground radars in the future.展开更多
Background:The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0(WHODAS 2.0)is a popular tool for eval-uating functioning and disability in a range of population demographics and medical situations.However,...Background:The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0(WHODAS 2.0)is a popular tool for eval-uating functioning and disability in a range of population demographics and medical situations.However,very little is known about the WHODAS 2.0's validity and reliability,particularly when dealing with potentially life-threatening maternal condi-tions(PLTCs).The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the WHODAS 2.0 Tigrigna version.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tigray,northern Ethiopia,from December 15 to 20,2023.Following translation and back translation,women who had experienced PLTCs during a recent pregnancy,childbirth,or postpartum period were administered the 36-item WHODAS 2.0 in Tigrigna version 6 months after the childbirth.In total,121 women with a history of PLTCs participated.Cronbach′sαwas used to evaluate internal consistency in all six WHODAS 2.0 domains,while Spearman′s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate convergent validity.With confirmatory factor analysis,construct validity was also examined.Results:All domain scores of the Tigrigna version of the WHODAS 2.0 indicated excellent internal consistency(α=0.917-0.978 for 36 items andα=0.874-0.940 for 12 items),while the Cronbach′sαcoefficients for the summary score were 0.981 and 0.952 for 36 and 12 items,respectively.The convergent validity between the 36-item and 12-item WHODAS 2.0 showed a strong correlation between similar constructs(r=0.909-0.981).Conclusion:Despite the small sample limitation,the WHODAS 2.0 tool adapted to the Tigrigna version indicated an acceptable reliability and validity and therefore could be applied to women with a history of PLTCs at 6 months postpartum.展开更多
It remains difficult to automate the creation and validation of Unified Modeling Language(UML)dia-grams due to unstructured requirements,limited automated pipelines,and the lack of reliable evaluation methods.This stu...It remains difficult to automate the creation and validation of Unified Modeling Language(UML)dia-grams due to unstructured requirements,limited automated pipelines,and the lack of reliable evaluation methods.This study introduces a cohesive architecture that amalgamates requirement development,UML synthesis,and multimodal validation.First,LLaMA-3.2-1B-Instruct was utilized to generate user-focused requirements.Then,DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B applies its reasoning skills to transform these requirements into PlantUML code.Using this dual-LLM pipeline,we constructed a synthetic dataset of 11,997 UML diagrams spanning six major diagram families.Rendering analysis showed that 89.5%of the generated diagrams compile correctly,while invalid cases were detected automatically.To assess quality,we employed a multimodal scoring method that combines Qwen2.5-VL-3B,LLaMA-3.2-11B-Vision-Instruct and Aya-Vision-8B,with weights based on MMMU performance.A study with 94 experts revealed strong alignment between automatic and manual evaluations,yielding a Pearson correlation of r=0.82 and a Fleiss’Kappa of 0.78.This indicates a high degree of concordance between automated metrics and human judgment.Overall,the results demonstrated that our scoring system is effective and that the proposed generation pipeline produces UML diagrams that are both syntactically correct and semantically coherent.More broadly,the system provides a scalable and reproducible foundation for future work in AI-driven software modeling and multimodal verification.展开更多
Accurate precipitation estimation in semiarid,topographically complicated areas is critical for water resource management and climate risk monitoring.This work provides a detailed,multi-scale evaluation of four major ...Accurate precipitation estimation in semiarid,topographically complicated areas is critical for water resource management and climate risk monitoring.This work provides a detailed,multi-scale evaluation of four major satellite precipitation products(CHIRPS,PERSIANN-CDR,IMERG-F v07,and GSMaP)over Isfahan province,Iran,over a 9-year period(2015-2023).The performance of these products was benchmarked against a dense network of 98 rain gauges using a suite of continuous and categorical statistical metrics,following a two-stage quality control protocol to remove outliers and false alarms.The results revealed that the performance of all products improves with temporal aggregation.At the daily level,GSMaP performed marginally better,although all products were linked with considerable uncertainty.At the monthly and annual levels,the GPM-era products(IMERG and GSMaP)clearly beat the other two,establishing themselves as dependable tools for long-term hydro-climatological studies.Error analysis revealed that topography is the dominant regulating factor,creating a systematic elevationdependent bias,largely characterized by underestimation from most products in high-elevation areas,though the PERSIANN-CDR product exhibited a contrasting overestimation tendency.Finally,the findings highlight the importance of implementing local,elevation-dependent calibration before deploying these products in hydrological modeling.展开更多
Background:Antipsychotic-induced movement disorders(AIMDs)are prevalent side effects of antipsychotics,particularly during the acute phase of treatment.This study aimed to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying A...Background:Antipsychotic-induced movement disorders(AIMDs)are prevalent side effects of antipsychotics,particularly during the acute phase of treatment.This study aimed to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying AIMDs using a genome-wide association study(GWAS).Methods:GWASs on AIMDs were conducted in three independent cohorts:a discovery cohort of 3067 patients(2016 subjects were reserved after quality control),a validation cohort of 277 patients,and a multi-ancestry validation cohort of 766 patients.Subsequent post-GWAS analyses included gene-based analyses,transcriptome-wide association studies(TWASs),and polygenic risk score(PRS)profiling.Results:Our study identified two loci located in RAB44 gene(rs116249243,P=5.98×10^(-9);rs117097482,P=1.17×10^(-8))associated with extrapyramidal symptoms(EPSs),1 locus(rs6826172,P=5.56×10^(-9))related to akathisia,and 76 loci linked to involuntary movements(11 genes were mapped).Risk loci located in CNTNAP2,LUZP2,TMEM167A,and RAB44 genes were successfully replicated in the validation cohort,whereas the locus located in RAB44 was also replicated in the multi-ancestry cohort.Gene-based analyses indicated that XRCC4 and PAIP2B reached significance at the genome-wide level in involuntary movements.Tissue expression analysis revealed that involuntary movement-related genes are predominantly expressed in the substantia nigra.Additionally,the TWAS suggested a causal relationship between XRCC4 and involuntary movement.The PRSs derived from the discovery cohort significantly predicted AIMDs in the validation cohort,with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)values from 0.60 to 0.80.Conclusions:Our findings highlight the role of substantia nigra related gene polymorphisms in AIMDs.This study provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of AIMDs and supports the potential for personalized treatment approaches for schizophrenia.展开更多
We present the first systematic experimental validation of return-current-driven cylindrical implosion scaling in micrometer-sized Cu and Al wires irradiated by J-class femtosecond laser pulses.Employing XFEL-based im...We present the first systematic experimental validation of return-current-driven cylindrical implosion scaling in micrometer-sized Cu and Al wires irradiated by J-class femtosecond laser pulses.Employing XFEL-based imaging with sub-micrometer spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution,supported by hydrodynamic and particle-in-cell simulations,we reveal how return current density depends precisely on wire diameter,material properties,and incident laser energy.We identify deviations from simple theoretical predictions due to geometrically influenced electron escape dynamics.These results refine and confirm the scaling laws essential for predictive modeling in high-energy-density physics and inertial fusion research.展开更多
Millimeter-wave(mmWave)communication is regarded as the key enabling component for fifth-generation(5G)cellular systems due to the large available spectrum bandwidth.To make mmWave new radio(NR)a reality,tremendous ef...Millimeter-wave(mmWave)communication is regarded as the key enabling component for fifth-generation(5G)cellular systems due to the large available spectrum bandwidth.To make mmWave new radio(NR)a reality,tremendous efforts have been exerted from the industry and academia.Performance evaluation of mmWave NR is a mandatory step and the key to ensuring the success of mmWave 5G deployment.Over-the-air(OTA)radiated method of testing mmWave NR in laboratory conditions is highly attractive,since it facilitates virtual field testing of mmWave devices in realistic propagation conditions.In this paper,we first discuss the need for and challenges in OTA measurement of mmWave 5G NR under fading channel conditions.After that,two promising candidate solutions,i.e.,wireless cable and multi-probe anechoic chamber(MPAC),are detailed.Their principles,applicability for mmWave NR,and main challenges are discussed.Furthermore,preliminary experimental validation results in a frequency range 2 anechoic chamber are demonstrated for the wireless cable and MPAC methods at 28 GHz.展开更多
The ongoing revolution in information technology is reshaping human life. In the realm of health behavior, wearable technology emerges as a leading digital solution,capturing physical behaviors (i.e., physical activit...The ongoing revolution in information technology is reshaping human life. In the realm of health behavior, wearable technology emerges as a leading digital solution,capturing physical behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary habits, sleep patterns) within the 24-h cycle of daily life. Wearables are applied in research, clinical practice, and as lifestyle devices;most obvious, they promise to be a key element for increasing human physical activity, one of the biggest health challenges nowadays.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System(BIS/BAS)scales among stroke survivors.Methods:The cross-sectio...Objective:This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System(BIS/BAS)scales among stroke survivors.Methods:The cross-sectional study was conducted at four comprehensive hospitals in Taizhou,Jiangsu,China.A sample of 232 first-ever stroke survivors were recruited from June to August 2023.Validity was examined using face validity and construct validity,which used confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)and known-group analysis.Reliability was evaluated by internal consistency and test-retest reliability.Results:The BIS/BAS scales demonstrated satisfactory face validity.The findings of CFAs supported the original four-factor structure of BAS-reward,BAS-drive,BAS-fun seeking,and BIS with acceptable model fit indices.Discriminative validity,assessed via known-group analysis,indicated that stroke survivors with probable depression had significantly lower mean BAS-reward,BAS-drive,and BAS-fun seeking scores(P<0.001)and a higher mean BIS score(P=0.028)compared to those without probable depression.The internal consistency,measured by Cronbach’s a coefficients for the subscales,ranged from 0.669 to 0.964.Test-retest reliability,assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients,ranged from 0.61 to 0.93.Conclusions:The Chinese version of the BIS/BAS scales could be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring behavioral activation among stroke survivors.展开更多
Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide.Identification and validation of major quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for FHB resistance without...Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide.Identification and validation of major quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for FHB resistance without negative effects on agronomic traits is critical to success in breeding FHB-resistant cultivars.In this study,a stable major QTL on chromosome arm 2DL was identified by evaluating a recombinant inbred line(RIL)population derived from Shi4185×Shijiazhuang 8 in both field and greenhouse experiments.QTL mapping and pedigree analyses indicated that the 2DL QTL is the same as QFhb-2DL previously identified in Ji5265;therefore,it was designated Fhb9.Four kompetitive amplicon sequence polymorphism(KASP)markers were developed based on exome capture sequencing data to enhance marker density in the Fhb9 region,and it was delimited to an interval between single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers KASP-12056(533.8 Mb)and KASP-525(525.9 Mb)explained 26.0-30.1%of the phenotypic variation.Analysis of the geographic distribution of the Fhb9 resistance allele suggests that it originated from the Huang-Huai winter wheat region in China.The very low frequency of Fhb9 in modern Chinese cultivars reveals that it has not been widely deployed in breeding programs.Field and greenhouse evaluations of yield-related traits in near-isogenic lines(NILs)contrasting in Fhb9 alleles reveal that the Fhb9 resistance allele have no adverse effects on these traits.Fhb9 showed an additive effect on enhancing FHB resistance with Fhb1.Therefore,Fhb9 is a valuable major QTL for improving FHB resistance in wheat,and the near-diagnostic markers developed in this study will facilitate its deployment in wheat breeding programs.展开更多
A self-centering bridge bent equipped with energy-dissipation(ED)beams is proposed.Quasi-static tests are conducted on self-centering bridge bents,both with and without ED beams,to validate the accuracy of the corresp...A self-centering bridge bent equipped with energy-dissipation(ED)beams is proposed.Quasi-static tests are conducted on self-centering bridge bents,both with and without ED beams,to validate the accuracy of the corresponding numerical models.The effects of various param-eters,such as the web area of ED beams,prestressing force of tendons,tendon arrangements,and number of column segments,on the seismic performance of self-centering bridge bents with ED beams are evaluated using the validated numerical model.The results demonstrate that the nu-merical models accurately replicate the quasi-static test results,with average errors in the lateral force remaining below 9.6%.The web area of ED beams significantly affects the strength,cumulative energy dissipation,and relative self-centering index(RSI)of the self-centering bridge bents.Increasing the prestressing force enhances the lateral force and self-centering capability of the bridge bents but has minimal effect on their ED capacity.Reducing the num-ber of segments in each column enhances the lateral force and cumulative hysteretic energy dissipation of the self-centering bridge bents while exerting an insignificant effect on the RSI.Thus,the proposed novel system is highly suitable for doubleor multicolumn piers supporting bridges in regions prone to strong earthquakes.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore the potential molecular mechanism of Qigu capsule(芪骨胶囊,QGC) in the treatment of sarcopenia through network pharmacology and to verify it experimentally.METHODS:The active compounds of QGC and ...OBJECTIVE:To explore the potential molecular mechanism of Qigu capsule(芪骨胶囊,QGC) in the treatment of sarcopenia through network pharmacology and to verify it experimentally.METHODS:The active compounds of QGC and common targets between QGC and sarcopenia were screened from databases.Then the herbs-compounds-targets network,and protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed.Gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed by R software.Next,we used a dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia mouse model to evaluate the anti-sarcopenic mechanism of QGC.RESULTS:A total of 57 common targets of QGC and sarcopenia were obtained.Based on the enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG,we took the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) signaling pathway as a key target to explore the mechanism of QGC on sarcopenia.Animal experiments showed that QGC could increase muscle strength and inhibit muscle fiber atrophy.In the model group,the expression of muscle ring finger-1 and Atrogin-1 were increased,while myosin heavy chain was decreased,QGC treatment reversed these changes.Moreover,compared with the model group,the expressions of pPI3K,p-Akt,p-mammalian target of rapamycin and pForkhead box O3 in the QGC group were all upregulated.CONCLUSION:QGC exerts an anti-sarcopenic effect by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to regulate skeletal muscle protein metabolism.展开更多
Arsenic speciation in freshwater fish is crucial for providing meaningful consumption guidelines that allow the public to make informed decisions regarding its consumption.While marine fish have attractedmuch research...Arsenic speciation in freshwater fish is crucial for providing meaningful consumption guidelines that allow the public to make informed decisions regarding its consumption.While marine fish have attractedmuch research interest due to their higher arsenic content,research on freshwater fish is limited due to the challenges in quantifying and identifying arsenic species present at trace levels.We describe here a sensitivemethod and its application to the quantification of arsenic species in freshwater fish.Arsenic species from fish tissues were extracted using a methanol/water mixture(1:1 vol.ratio)and ultrasound sonication.Anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)enabled separation of arsenobetaine(AsB),inorganic arsenite(iAs^(Ⅲ)),dimethylarsinic acid(DMA),monomethylarsonic acid(MMA),inorganic arsenate(iAs^(Ⅴ)),and three new arsenic species.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICPMS)provided highly sensitive and specific detection of arsenic.A limit of detection of 0.25μg/kg(wet weight fish tissue)was achieved for the five target arsenic species:AsB,iAs^(Ⅲ),DMA,MMA,and iAs^(Ⅴ).A series of experimentswere conducted to ensure the accuracy and validity of the analytical method.The method was successfully applied to the determination of arsenic species in lakewhitefish,northern pike,and walleye,with AsB,DMA,and iAs^(Ⅴ) being frequently detected.Three new arsenic species were detected,but their chromatographic retention times did not match with those of any available arsenic standards.Future research is necessary to elucidate the identity of these new arsenic species detected in freshwater fish.展开更多
基金the management of Deva Holding A.S., Istanbul, Turkey, for supporting this workthe Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-TEYDEB Project no: 3110426) for the financial support
文摘Benidipine hydrochloride, used as an antihypertensive agent and long-acting calcium antagonist, is synthesized for commercial use as a drug substance in highly pure form. During the synthetic process development studies of benidipine, process related impurities were detected. These impurities were identified, synthesized and characterized and mechanisms of their formation were discussed in detail. After all standardization procedures, they were used as reference standards for analytical studies. In addition, a separate HPLC method was developed and validated for detection of residual 1-benzylpi- peridin-3-ol （Ben-2）, which is used during benidipine synthesis and controlled as a potential process related impurity. As complementary of this work, stress-testing studies of benidipine were carried out under specified conditions and a stability-indicating UPLC assay method was developed, validated and used during stability studies of benidipine.
文摘To explore the material basis and mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of Hibiscus mutabilis L..The active ingredients and potential targets of Hibiscus mutabilis L.were obtained through the literature review and SwissADME platform.Genes related to the inflammation were collected using Genecards and OMIM databases,and the intersection genes were submitted on STRING and DAVID websites.Then,the protein interaction network(PPI),gene ontology(GO)and pathway(KEGG)were analyzed.Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct the“Hibiscus mutabilis L.-active ingredient-target-inflammation”network diagram,and AutoDockTools-1.5.6 software was used for the molecular docking verification.The antiinflammatory effect of Hibiscus mutabilis L.active ingredient was verified by the RAW264.7 inflammatory cell model.The results showed that 11 active components and 94 potential targets,1029 inflammatory targets and 24 intersection targets were obtained from Hibiscus mutabilis L..The key anti-inflammatory active ingredients of Hibiscus mutabilis L.are quercetin,apigenin and luteolin.Its action pathway is mainly related to NF-κB,cancer pathway and TNF signaling pathway.Cell experiments showed that total flavonoids of Hibiscus mutabilis L.could effectively inhibit the expression of tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),interleukin 8(IL-8)and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 inflammatory cells.It also downregulates the phosphorylation of human nuclear factor ĸB inhibitory protein α(IĸBα)and NF-κB p65 subunit protein(p65).Overall,the anti-inflammatory effect of Hibiscus mutabilis L.is related to many active components,many signal pathways and targets,which provides a theoretical basis for its further development and application.
文摘A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was developed for the direct determination of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in sturgeon caviar extract.The assay employed n-hexane extraction combined with gradient elution(ZORBAX SB-C18 column),with data collected using a diode array detector.The content was calculated by external standard method and validated against the national standard(GB 5009.168-2016).The study also measured DPPH free radical scavenging capacity and moisture retention rate across different DHA concentration groups.The results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits excellent linearity(r=0.9997),with recovery rates ranging from 92.1% to 101.1% and relative standard deviations(RSD)of 2.23% to 3.92%.Compared to the national standard method,the relative deviation was 0.67% to 1.68%.At specific test concentrations,the high-DHA group shows significantly higher moisture retention(100.48%),hygroscopicity(100.85%),and DPPH scavenging efficiency(57.46%)than the low-DHA group(10.33%,11.76%,and 3.71%).The RP-HPLC method developed in this study simplifies DHA detection procedures with simple reagents and reliable results,making it suitable for rapid qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of target components in caviar extract quality control.The DPPH experiment further reveals the correlation between DHA content and antioxidant efficacy in sturgeon caviar extracts,providing scientific evidence for developing functional cosmetics.
文摘In their recent paper Pereira et al.(2025)claim that validation is overlooked in mapping and modelling of ecosystem services(ES).They state that“many studies lack critical evaluation of the results and no validation is provided”and that“the validation step is largely overlooked”.This assertion may have been true several years ago,for example,when Ochoa and Urbina-Cardona(2017)made a similar observation.However,there has been much work on ES model validation over the last decade.
基金supported by a Project Grant(Grant No.PJT183705)an Early Career Investigator Prize(Grant No.ECP 184184)from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research+7 种基金a Prentice Institute Research Affiliate Fund Grant from the Prentice Institute for Global Population and Economy(Grant No.G00004116)a Te Herenga Waka Victoria University of Wellington Division of Science Health Engineering Architecture and Design Innovation Faculty Strategic Research Grant(Grant No.FSRG-SHEADI-10724)The Thailand Physical Activity Knowledge Development Centre(TPAK)/Thai Health Promotion Foundation provided funding for the cognitive interviews and pilot study in Thailand(Grant No.66-P1-0473)The University Pablo de Olavide provided a scholarship for 2 undergraduate students working on the project(codes PPI2207 and PPI2308)In the Czech Republicthe study was supported by Palacky University IGA(Grant No.IGA_FTK_2023_017)supported by the Division of Intramural Research at the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Healthsupported by the Key Project of the National Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of China(23&ZD197)。
文摘Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is designed to assess physical activity(PA)across all key domains(i.e.,school,chores,work/volunteering,transport,free time,outdoor time).It aimed to address multiple gaps in global PA surveillance(e.g.,omission of important PA domains,insufficient cultural adaptation,underrepresentation of rural areas in questionnaire validation studies).The purpose of this study was to assess the content validity of the GAC-PAQ among PA experts,8-to 17-year-olds,and one of their parents/guardians,and to discuss changes made to the questionnaire based on participants'feedback.Methods:Sixty-two experts in PA measurement and/or surveillance from 24 countries completed an online survey that included both closed-and open-ended questions about the content validity of the GAC-PAQ.The proportion of experts who agreed or strongly agreed with the items was calculated.Child-parent/guardian dyads from 15 countries(n=250;10-40 per country)participated in a structured cognitive interview to assess the clarity of the questions and response options,and they were encouraged to provide suggestions to improve clarity and facilitate completion of the questionnaire.Participating countries are:Aotearoa New Zealand,Brazil,Canada,China,Colombia,Czech Republic,India,Malawi,Mexico,Nepal,Nigeria,Spain,Sweden,Thailand,and the United Arab Emirates.Interviews were conducted in 13 different languages and structured by PA domain.Generic images were included to help participants in answering questions about PA intensity.Results:Expert agreement with the items for each domain exceeded 75%,and their qualitative feedback was used to revise the questionnaire before cognitive interviews.In general,participants found the questionnaire to be comprehensive.Adolescents(12-17 years)found it easier than children(8-11 years)to answer the questions.Several children struggled to answer questions about the duration and intensity of activities and/or concepts related to travel modes,active trips,and organized activities.Many parents/guardians were unsure about the frequency,duration,and intensity of their children's or adolescents'PA at school and/or recommended using more culturally relevant and appropriate images.Some participants misunderstood the concept of activities that“make you stronger”(intended to assess resistance activities)and/or struggled to differentiate between work,volunteering,and chores.Conclusion:Participants'feedback was used to develop a revised,simplified,and culturally adapted GAC-PAQ,which will be pilot-tested in all15 countries in an App that will include country-specific images and narration in local languages.Further research is needed to assess the reliability and validity of the revised GAC-PAQ.
文摘This study examines the reliability and validity of AI-generated scoring for continuation writing tasks.By comparing GPT-4 with eight experienced human raters across 21 student responses,it evaluates AI’s consistency,severity,and alignment with human scoring criteria.Results show that AI exhibits high self-consistency and adapts effectively to different scoring roles(e.g.,teacher vs.highstakes rater).However,AI scores were more lenient than human raters and demonstrated divergent evaluation focuses—prioritizing narrative coherence and emotional depth,while teachers emphasized linguistic accuracy and richness of detail.The findings suggest AI’s potential as a supplementary assessment tool,offering rapid,holistic feedback,but highlight the need for further calibration to align with educational standards.Implications include exploring hybrid evaluation models that leverage the strengths of both AI and human raters to achieve more equitable,efficient,and pedagogically meaningful writing assessments.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3501000,2022YFC3502300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82374627)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central public welfare research institutes(Z0876)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2024-JYB-KYPT-01)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z241100007724010).
文摘Background:Artificial intelligence medical diagnostic devices(AIMDDs)show strong potential but face barriers to clinical use,emphasizing the need for rigorous clinical research.Objective:We assessed current AIMDD research,key challenges,and future directions.Methods:A scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.PubMed,Web of Science Core Collection,and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(January 2020-December 2024)were searched on AIMDD design,implementation,and evaluation.Two independent researchers screened and extracted data from the literature using predefined criteria.Results:Ninety-seven articles met the inclusion criteria.Machine learning and deep learning approaches dominated across diverse disease fields,with oncology being the most frequent(41%).The key challenges identified include insufficient quantity,quality,representativeness,and diversity of data;research designs that do not adequately address clinical needs;poor patient selection;poorly defined gold standards;lack of external and prospective validation;and a disconnect between validation strategies and clinical practice.Additionally,issues such as the“black box”phenomenon,overfitting,and data privacy concerns hinder clinical translation.Completeness and standardization of reporting were also found to be lacking.Conclusions:Significant challenges remain in the development and clinical application of AIMDD.To facilitate their clinical translation,improvements are needed in dataset optimization,clinically driven research design,development of evaluation frameworks,enhanced interpretability,and standardized reporting and validation of algorithms.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant U2442214)the China Meteorological Administration Youth Innovation Team(Grant No.CMA2024QN10)+1 种基金the National Defense Science and Technology Bureau’s 14th Five-Year Civil Aerospace Preresearch Project(Grant Nos.D030303 and D040204)the International Space Water Cycle Observation Constellation Program(Grant No.183311KYSB20200015).
文摘China launched its first spaceborne Precipitation Measurement Radar(PMR)on the FY-3G satellite in April 2023.To achieve the scientific goal of measuring the three-dimensional precipitation structure,evaluating the quantitative measurement ability of the PMR is critical.China operates more than 250 weather radars over the mainland.Consistency of the spaceborne radar with ground-based radars will enhance precipitation measurement ability,especially over oceans and mountains where observations are sparse.Additionally,the spaceborne radar can be used to evaluate the spatial and temporal homogeneity of the ground-based radar network.This paper focuses on comparing the PMR onboard the FY-3G satellite with S-band China New Generation Weather Radars(CINRADs).A comparison algorithm between the PMR and CINRADs has been developed,incorporating detailed quality control,attenuation correction,data optimization,spatiotemporal matching,non-uniform beam filling constraint,uniformity constraint,and frequency correction.The matched data in typical months of four seasons were selected to carry out the comparison.The data consistency between the PMR and CINRADs was analyzed.The correlation coefficient is 0.87,the deviation is 0.89 dB,and the standard deviation is 2.50 dB,based on 98226 matching samples.The results show the radar reflectivity of the PMR is quite comparable to that of the CINRADs,demonstrating that the PMR data quality is satisfactory and can be used to verify and correct data consistency among multiple ground-based radars.This work also paves the way for data fusion and joint application of satellite and ground radars in the future.
文摘Background:The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0(WHODAS 2.0)is a popular tool for eval-uating functioning and disability in a range of population demographics and medical situations.However,very little is known about the WHODAS 2.0's validity and reliability,particularly when dealing with potentially life-threatening maternal condi-tions(PLTCs).The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the WHODAS 2.0 Tigrigna version.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tigray,northern Ethiopia,from December 15 to 20,2023.Following translation and back translation,women who had experienced PLTCs during a recent pregnancy,childbirth,or postpartum period were administered the 36-item WHODAS 2.0 in Tigrigna version 6 months after the childbirth.In total,121 women with a history of PLTCs participated.Cronbach′sαwas used to evaluate internal consistency in all six WHODAS 2.0 domains,while Spearman′s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate convergent validity.With confirmatory factor analysis,construct validity was also examined.Results:All domain scores of the Tigrigna version of the WHODAS 2.0 indicated excellent internal consistency(α=0.917-0.978 for 36 items andα=0.874-0.940 for 12 items),while the Cronbach′sαcoefficients for the summary score were 0.981 and 0.952 for 36 and 12 items,respectively.The convergent validity between the 36-item and 12-item WHODAS 2.0 showed a strong correlation between similar constructs(r=0.909-0.981).Conclusion:Despite the small sample limitation,the WHODAS 2.0 tool adapted to the Tigrigna version indicated an acceptable reliability and validity and therefore could be applied to women with a history of PLTCs at 6 months postpartum.
基金supported by the DH2025-TN07-07 project conducted at the Thai Nguyen University of Information and Communication Technology,Thai Nguyen,Vietnam,with additional support from the AI in Software Engineering Lab.
文摘It remains difficult to automate the creation and validation of Unified Modeling Language(UML)dia-grams due to unstructured requirements,limited automated pipelines,and the lack of reliable evaluation methods.This study introduces a cohesive architecture that amalgamates requirement development,UML synthesis,and multimodal validation.First,LLaMA-3.2-1B-Instruct was utilized to generate user-focused requirements.Then,DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B applies its reasoning skills to transform these requirements into PlantUML code.Using this dual-LLM pipeline,we constructed a synthetic dataset of 11,997 UML diagrams spanning six major diagram families.Rendering analysis showed that 89.5%of the generated diagrams compile correctly,while invalid cases were detected automatically.To assess quality,we employed a multimodal scoring method that combines Qwen2.5-VL-3B,LLaMA-3.2-11B-Vision-Instruct and Aya-Vision-8B,with weights based on MMMU performance.A study with 94 experts revealed strong alignment between automatic and manual evaluations,yielding a Pearson correlation of r=0.82 and a Fleiss’Kappa of 0.78.This indicates a high degree of concordance between automated metrics and human judgment.Overall,the results demonstrated that our scoring system is effective and that the proposed generation pipeline produces UML diagrams that are both syntactically correct and semantically coherent.More broadly,the system provides a scalable and reproducible foundation for future work in AI-driven software modeling and multimodal verification.
文摘Accurate precipitation estimation in semiarid,topographically complicated areas is critical for water resource management and climate risk monitoring.This work provides a detailed,multi-scale evaluation of four major satellite precipitation products(CHIRPS,PERSIANN-CDR,IMERG-F v07,and GSMaP)over Isfahan province,Iran,over a 9-year period(2015-2023).The performance of these products was benchmarked against a dense network of 98 rain gauges using a suite of continuous and categorical statistical metrics,following a two-stage quality control protocol to remove outliers and false alarms.The results revealed that the performance of all products improves with temporal aggregation.At the daily level,GSMaP performed marginally better,although all products were linked with considerable uncertainty.At the monthly and annual levels,the GPM-era products(IMERG and GSMaP)clearly beat the other two,establishing themselves as dependable tools for long-term hydro-climatological studies.Error analysis revealed that topography is the dominant regulating factor,creating a systematic elevationdependent bias,largely characterized by underestimation from most products in high-elevation areas,though the PERSIANN-CDR product exhibited a contrasting overestimation tendency.Finally,the findings highlight the importance of implementing local,elevation-dependent calibration before deploying these products in hydrological modeling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82330042,82441005 and 82301687)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFE0119400)+9 种基金the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2024-1-4111)the STI2030-Major Projects-2021ZD0200702Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Peking University Medicine Fund for world’s leading discipline or discipline cluster development,BMU2022DJXK007)the Beijing Municipal Health Commission Research Ward Programme(3rd batch)Beijing Nova Program(20230484425)the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission,Administrative Commission of Zhongguancun Science Park(Z221100003522010)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M760141 and 2022M720302)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20240029)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7254462)the Peking University Medicine Sailing Program for Young Scholars’Scientific&Technological Innovation,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(BMU2025YFJHPY044 and BMU2025YFJHPY046).
文摘Background:Antipsychotic-induced movement disorders(AIMDs)are prevalent side effects of antipsychotics,particularly during the acute phase of treatment.This study aimed to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying AIMDs using a genome-wide association study(GWAS).Methods:GWASs on AIMDs were conducted in three independent cohorts:a discovery cohort of 3067 patients(2016 subjects were reserved after quality control),a validation cohort of 277 patients,and a multi-ancestry validation cohort of 766 patients.Subsequent post-GWAS analyses included gene-based analyses,transcriptome-wide association studies(TWASs),and polygenic risk score(PRS)profiling.Results:Our study identified two loci located in RAB44 gene(rs116249243,P=5.98×10^(-9);rs117097482,P=1.17×10^(-8))associated with extrapyramidal symptoms(EPSs),1 locus(rs6826172,P=5.56×10^(-9))related to akathisia,and 76 loci linked to involuntary movements(11 genes were mapped).Risk loci located in CNTNAP2,LUZP2,TMEM167A,and RAB44 genes were successfully replicated in the validation cohort,whereas the locus located in RAB44 was also replicated in the multi-ancestry cohort.Gene-based analyses indicated that XRCC4 and PAIP2B reached significance at the genome-wide level in involuntary movements.Tissue expression analysis revealed that involuntary movement-related genes are predominantly expressed in the substantia nigra.Additionally,the TWAS suggested a causal relationship between XRCC4 and involuntary movement.The PRSs derived from the discovery cohort significantly predicted AIMDs in the validation cohort,with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)values from 0.60 to 0.80.Conclusions:Our findings highlight the role of substantia nigra related gene polymorphisms in AIMDs.This study provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of AIMDs and supports the potential for personalized treatment approaches for schizophrenia.
基金partially supported by the Center for Advanced Systems Understanding(CASUS)financed by Germany’s Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)+2 种基金the Saxon State Government out of the State Budget approved by the Saxon State Parliamentfunding from the European Union’s Just Transition Fund(JTF)within the project Röntgenlaser-Optimierung der Laserfusion(ROLF),Contract No.5086999001co-financed by the Saxon State Government out of the State Budget approved by the Saxon State Parliament.
文摘We present the first systematic experimental validation of return-current-driven cylindrical implosion scaling in micrometer-sized Cu and Al wires irradiated by J-class femtosecond laser pulses.Employing XFEL-based imaging with sub-micrometer spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution,supported by hydrodynamic and particle-in-cell simulations,we reveal how return current density depends precisely on wire diameter,material properties,and incident laser energy.We identify deviations from simple theoretical predictions due to geometrically influenced electron escape dynamics.These results refine and confirm the scaling laws essential for predictive modeling in high-energy-density physics and inertial fusion research.
基金Project supported by the InnoExplorer Project Funded by Innovation Fund Denmark(No.20199122-00089A)。
文摘Millimeter-wave(mmWave)communication is regarded as the key enabling component for fifth-generation(5G)cellular systems due to the large available spectrum bandwidth.To make mmWave new radio(NR)a reality,tremendous efforts have been exerted from the industry and academia.Performance evaluation of mmWave NR is a mandatory step and the key to ensuring the success of mmWave 5G deployment.Over-the-air(OTA)radiated method of testing mmWave NR in laboratory conditions is highly attractive,since it facilitates virtual field testing of mmWave devices in realistic propagation conditions.In this paper,we first discuss the need for and challenges in OTA measurement of mmWave 5G NR under fading channel conditions.After that,two promising candidate solutions,i.e.,wireless cable and multi-probe anechoic chamber(MPAC),are detailed.Their principles,applicability for mmWave NR,and main challenges are discussed.Furthermore,preliminary experimental validation results in a frequency range 2 anechoic chamber are demonstrated for the wireless cable and MPAC methods at 28 GHz.
基金funded in part by the German Research Foundation(Grant reference:496846758).
文摘The ongoing revolution in information technology is reshaping human life. In the realm of health behavior, wearable technology emerges as a leading digital solution,capturing physical behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary habits, sleep patterns) within the 24-h cycle of daily life. Wearables are applied in research, clinical practice, and as lifestyle devices;most obvious, they promise to be a key element for increasing human physical activity, one of the biggest health challenges nowadays.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System(BIS/BAS)scales among stroke survivors.Methods:The cross-sectional study was conducted at four comprehensive hospitals in Taizhou,Jiangsu,China.A sample of 232 first-ever stroke survivors were recruited from June to August 2023.Validity was examined using face validity and construct validity,which used confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)and known-group analysis.Reliability was evaluated by internal consistency and test-retest reliability.Results:The BIS/BAS scales demonstrated satisfactory face validity.The findings of CFAs supported the original four-factor structure of BAS-reward,BAS-drive,BAS-fun seeking,and BIS with acceptable model fit indices.Discriminative validity,assessed via known-group analysis,indicated that stroke survivors with probable depression had significantly lower mean BAS-reward,BAS-drive,and BAS-fun seeking scores(P<0.001)and a higher mean BIS score(P=0.028)compared to those without probable depression.The internal consistency,measured by Cronbach’s a coefficients for the subscales,ranged from 0.669 to 0.964.Test-retest reliability,assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients,ranged from 0.61 to 0.93.Conclusions:The Chinese version of the BIS/BAS scales could be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring behavioral activation among stroke survivors.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1201502)partially funded by the Talent Funds of China Agricultural University(2021RC009)the US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative.
文摘Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide.Identification and validation of major quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for FHB resistance without negative effects on agronomic traits is critical to success in breeding FHB-resistant cultivars.In this study,a stable major QTL on chromosome arm 2DL was identified by evaluating a recombinant inbred line(RIL)population derived from Shi4185×Shijiazhuang 8 in both field and greenhouse experiments.QTL mapping and pedigree analyses indicated that the 2DL QTL is the same as QFhb-2DL previously identified in Ji5265;therefore,it was designated Fhb9.Four kompetitive amplicon sequence polymorphism(KASP)markers were developed based on exome capture sequencing data to enhance marker density in the Fhb9 region,and it was delimited to an interval between single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers KASP-12056(533.8 Mb)and KASP-525(525.9 Mb)explained 26.0-30.1%of the phenotypic variation.Analysis of the geographic distribution of the Fhb9 resistance allele suggests that it originated from the Huang-Huai winter wheat region in China.The very low frequency of Fhb9 in modern Chinese cultivars reveals that it has not been widely deployed in breeding programs.Field and greenhouse evaluations of yield-related traits in near-isogenic lines(NILs)contrasting in Fhb9 alleles reveal that the Fhb9 resistance allele have no adverse effects on these traits.Fhb9 showed an additive effect on enhancing FHB resistance with Fhb1.Therefore,Fhb9 is a valuable major QTL for improving FHB resistance in wheat,and the near-diagnostic markers developed in this study will facilitate its deployment in wheat breeding programs.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52278189)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY24E080002).
文摘A self-centering bridge bent equipped with energy-dissipation(ED)beams is proposed.Quasi-static tests are conducted on self-centering bridge bents,both with and without ED beams,to validate the accuracy of the corresponding numerical models.The effects of various param-eters,such as the web area of ED beams,prestressing force of tendons,tendon arrangements,and number of column segments,on the seismic performance of self-centering bridge bents with ED beams are evaluated using the validated numerical model.The results demonstrate that the nu-merical models accurately replicate the quasi-static test results,with average errors in the lateral force remaining below 9.6%.The web area of ED beams significantly affects the strength,cumulative energy dissipation,and relative self-centering index(RSI)of the self-centering bridge bents.Increasing the prestressing force enhances the lateral force and self-centering capability of the bridge bents but has minimal effect on their ED capacity.Reducing the num-ber of segments in each column enhances the lateral force and cumulative hysteretic energy dissipation of the self-centering bridge bents while exerting an insignificant effect on the RSI.Thus,the proposed novel system is highly suitable for doubleor multicolumn piers supporting bridges in regions prone to strong earthquakes.
基金Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Chronic Musculoskeletal Diseases (20MC1920600)Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty "Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopaedic Traumatology"(shslczdzk03901)+3 种基金The Second Round of Construction Project of National TCM Academic School Inheritance Studio "Shi's Trauma Department"[Letter of the People's Education of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2019) No.62]Shanghai High-level Local Universities "Chronic Muscle and Bone Damage Research and Transformation" Innovation Team [No.3 of Shanghai Education Commission (2022)]Program for Shanghai High-Level Local University Innovation Team (SZY20220315)Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center Clinical Three-year Action Plan (SHDC2020CR3090B)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the potential molecular mechanism of Qigu capsule(芪骨胶囊,QGC) in the treatment of sarcopenia through network pharmacology and to verify it experimentally.METHODS:The active compounds of QGC and common targets between QGC and sarcopenia were screened from databases.Then the herbs-compounds-targets network,and protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed.Gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed by R software.Next,we used a dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia mouse model to evaluate the anti-sarcopenic mechanism of QGC.RESULTS:A total of 57 common targets of QGC and sarcopenia were obtained.Based on the enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG,we took the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) signaling pathway as a key target to explore the mechanism of QGC on sarcopenia.Animal experiments showed that QGC could increase muscle strength and inhibit muscle fiber atrophy.In the model group,the expression of muscle ring finger-1 and Atrogin-1 were increased,while myosin heavy chain was decreased,QGC treatment reversed these changes.Moreover,compared with the model group,the expressions of pPI3K,p-Akt,p-mammalian target of rapamycin and pForkhead box O3 in the QGC group were all upregulated.CONCLUSION:QGC exerts an anti-sarcopenic effect by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to regulate skeletal muscle protein metabolism.
基金supported by Alberta Health,Alberta Innovates,the Canada Research Chairs Program,the Canadian Institutes of Health Research,and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada。
文摘Arsenic speciation in freshwater fish is crucial for providing meaningful consumption guidelines that allow the public to make informed decisions regarding its consumption.While marine fish have attractedmuch research interest due to their higher arsenic content,research on freshwater fish is limited due to the challenges in quantifying and identifying arsenic species present at trace levels.We describe here a sensitivemethod and its application to the quantification of arsenic species in freshwater fish.Arsenic species from fish tissues were extracted using a methanol/water mixture(1:1 vol.ratio)and ultrasound sonication.Anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)enabled separation of arsenobetaine(AsB),inorganic arsenite(iAs^(Ⅲ)),dimethylarsinic acid(DMA),monomethylarsonic acid(MMA),inorganic arsenate(iAs^(Ⅴ)),and three new arsenic species.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICPMS)provided highly sensitive and specific detection of arsenic.A limit of detection of 0.25μg/kg(wet weight fish tissue)was achieved for the five target arsenic species:AsB,iAs^(Ⅲ),DMA,MMA,and iAs^(Ⅴ).A series of experimentswere conducted to ensure the accuracy and validity of the analytical method.The method was successfully applied to the determination of arsenic species in lakewhitefish,northern pike,and walleye,with AsB,DMA,and iAs^(Ⅴ) being frequently detected.Three new arsenic species were detected,but their chromatographic retention times did not match with those of any available arsenic standards.Future research is necessary to elucidate the identity of these new arsenic species detected in freshwater fish.
