It remains difficult to automate the creation and validation of Unified Modeling Language(UML)dia-grams due to unstructured requirements,limited automated pipelines,and the lack of reliable evaluation methods.This stu...It remains difficult to automate the creation and validation of Unified Modeling Language(UML)dia-grams due to unstructured requirements,limited automated pipelines,and the lack of reliable evaluation methods.This study introduces a cohesive architecture that amalgamates requirement development,UML synthesis,and multimodal validation.First,LLaMA-3.2-1B-Instruct was utilized to generate user-focused requirements.Then,DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B applies its reasoning skills to transform these requirements into PlantUML code.Using this dual-LLM pipeline,we constructed a synthetic dataset of 11,997 UML diagrams spanning six major diagram families.Rendering analysis showed that 89.5%of the generated diagrams compile correctly,while invalid cases were detected automatically.To assess quality,we employed a multimodal scoring method that combines Qwen2.5-VL-3B,LLaMA-3.2-11B-Vision-Instruct and Aya-Vision-8B,with weights based on MMMU performance.A study with 94 experts revealed strong alignment between automatic and manual evaluations,yielding a Pearson correlation of r=0.82 and a Fleiss’Kappa of 0.78.This indicates a high degree of concordance between automated metrics and human judgment.Overall,the results demonstrated that our scoring system is effective and that the proposed generation pipeline produces UML diagrams that are both syntactically correct and semantically coherent.More broadly,the system provides a scalable and reproducible foundation for future work in AI-driven software modeling and multimodal verification.展开更多
Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is ...Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is designed to assess physical activity(PA)across all key domains(i.e.,school,chores,work/volunteering,transport,free time,outdoor time).It aimed to address multiple gaps in global PA surveillance(e.g.,omission of important PA domains,insufficient cultural adaptation,underrepresentation of rural areas in questionnaire validation studies).The purpose of this study was to assess the content validity of the GAC-PAQ among PA experts,8-to 17-year-olds,and one of their parents/guardians,and to discuss changes made to the questionnaire based on participants'feedback.Methods:Sixty-two experts in PA measurement and/or surveillance from 24 countries completed an online survey that included both closed-and open-ended questions about the content validity of the GAC-PAQ.The proportion of experts who agreed or strongly agreed with the items was calculated.Child-parent/guardian dyads from 15 countries(n=250;10-40 per country)participated in a structured cognitive interview to assess the clarity of the questions and response options,and they were encouraged to provide suggestions to improve clarity and facilitate completion of the questionnaire.Participating countries are:Aotearoa New Zealand,Brazil,Canada,China,Colombia,Czech Republic,India,Malawi,Mexico,Nepal,Nigeria,Spain,Sweden,Thailand,and the United Arab Emirates.Interviews were conducted in 13 different languages and structured by PA domain.Generic images were included to help participants in answering questions about PA intensity.Results:Expert agreement with the items for each domain exceeded 75%,and their qualitative feedback was used to revise the questionnaire before cognitive interviews.In general,participants found the questionnaire to be comprehensive.Adolescents(12-17 years)found it easier than children(8-11 years)to answer the questions.Several children struggled to answer questions about the duration and intensity of activities and/or concepts related to travel modes,active trips,and organized activities.Many parents/guardians were unsure about the frequency,duration,and intensity of their children's or adolescents'PA at school and/or recommended using more culturally relevant and appropriate images.Some participants misunderstood the concept of activities that“make you stronger”(intended to assess resistance activities)and/or struggled to differentiate between work,volunteering,and chores.Conclusion:Participants'feedback was used to develop a revised,simplified,and culturally adapted GAC-PAQ,which will be pilot-tested in all15 countries in an App that will include country-specific images and narration in local languages.Further research is needed to assess the reliability and validity of the revised GAC-PAQ.展开更多
The ongoing revolution in information technology is reshaping human life. In the realm of health behavior, wearable technology emerges as a leading digital solution,capturing physical behaviors (i.e., physical activit...The ongoing revolution in information technology is reshaping human life. In the realm of health behavior, wearable technology emerges as a leading digital solution,capturing physical behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary habits, sleep patterns) within the 24-h cycle of daily life. Wearables are applied in research, clinical practice, and as lifestyle devices;most obvious, they promise to be a key element for increasing human physical activity, one of the biggest health challenges nowadays.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore the potential molecular mechanism of Qigu capsule(芪骨胶囊,QGC) in the treatment of sarcopenia through network pharmacology and to verify it experimentally.METHODS:The active compounds of QGC and ...OBJECTIVE:To explore the potential molecular mechanism of Qigu capsule(芪骨胶囊,QGC) in the treatment of sarcopenia through network pharmacology and to verify it experimentally.METHODS:The active compounds of QGC and common targets between QGC and sarcopenia were screened from databases.Then the herbs-compounds-targets network,and protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed.Gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed by R software.Next,we used a dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia mouse model to evaluate the anti-sarcopenic mechanism of QGC.RESULTS:A total of 57 common targets of QGC and sarcopenia were obtained.Based on the enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG,we took the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) signaling pathway as a key target to explore the mechanism of QGC on sarcopenia.Animal experiments showed that QGC could increase muscle strength and inhibit muscle fiber atrophy.In the model group,the expression of muscle ring finger-1 and Atrogin-1 were increased,while myosin heavy chain was decreased,QGC treatment reversed these changes.Moreover,compared with the model group,the expressions of pPI3K,p-Akt,p-mammalian target of rapamycin and pForkhead box O3 in the QGC group were all upregulated.CONCLUSION:QGC exerts an anti-sarcopenic effect by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to regulate skeletal muscle protein metabolism.展开更多
Objective:Pelvic floor dysfunction is common among pregnant and postpartum women and significantly impacts quality of life.This study aims to translate the German Pelvic Floor Questionnaire for Pregnant and Postpartum...Objective:Pelvic floor dysfunction is common among pregnant and postpartum women and significantly impacts quality of life.This study aims to translate the German Pelvic Floor Questionnaire for Pregnant and Postpartum Women into Chinese and to evaluate its reliability and validity in the Chinese population.Methods:The questionnaire was translated using the Brislin model.A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant and postpartum women to assess the content validity,construct validity,Cronbach’sαcoefficient,test-retest reliability,and split-half reliability of the Chinese version.Results:A total of 72 women were included,with 6.9% being pregnant and 93.1% postpartum;the age was(32.3±3.6)years.The Chinese version of the questionnaire contains 4 dimensions and 45 items.The content validity index of individual items ranged from 0.833 to 1.000,with a scale-level content validity index of 0.977 and intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs)exceeding 0.90.The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.891,with subscale coefficients ranging from 0.732 to 0.884(all ICCs>0.70).The testretest reliability of the total scale was 0.833,and for the 4 dimensions,bladder,bowel,prolapse,and sexual function,the values were 0.776,0.579,0.732,and 0.645,respectively.The split-half reliability was 0.74.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the questionnaire demonstrated good reliability and validity,indicating its applicability in assessing pelvic floor dysfunction and associated risk factors during pregnancy and postpartum.展开更多
Background The patient-reported Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale(DARS)has been adapted into Chinese,so there is a need to evaluate its measurement properties in a Chinese population.Aims To evaluate the reliability ...Background The patient-reported Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale(DARS)has been adapted into Chinese,so there is a need to evaluate its measurement properties in a Chinese population.Aims To evaluate the reliability and validity of the DARS among Chinese individuals with major depressive disorder(MDD)and its treatment sensitivity in a prospective clinical study.Methods Data were from a multicentre,prospective clinical study(NCT03294525),which recruited both patients with MDD,who were followed for 8 weeks,and healthy controls(HCs),assessed at baseline only.The analysis included confirmatory factor analysis,validity and sensitivity to change.Results Patients’mean(standard deviation(SD))age was 34.8(11.0)years,with 68.7%being female.75.2%of patients with MDD had melancholic features,followed by 63.8%with anxious distress.Patients had experienced MDD for a mean(SD)of 9.2(18)months.DARS scores covered the full range of severity with no major floor or ceiling effects.Confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate fit statistics(comparative fit index 0.976,goodness-of-fit index 0.935 and root mean square error of approximation 0.055).Convergent validity with anhedonia-related measures was confirmed.While the correlation between the DARS and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was not strong(r=0.31,baseline),the DARS was found to differentiate between levels of depression.Greater improvements in DARS scores were seen with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression responder group(effect size 1.16)compared with the non-responder group(effect size 0.46).Conclusions This study comprehensively evaluated the measurement properties of the DARS using a Chinese population with MDD.Overall,the Chinese version of DARS demonstrates good psychometric properties and has been found to be responsive to change during antidepressant treatment.The DARS is a suitable scale for assessing patient-reported anhedonia in future clinical trials.展开更多
Ecosystem services(ES)mapping and models have advanced in recent years.Improvements were made,and the assessments have transitioned from qualitative to quantitative.Although this is an important advancement,the ES map...Ecosystem services(ES)mapping and models have advanced in recent years.Improvements were made,and the assessments have transitioned from qualitative to quantitative.Although this is an important advancement,the ES mapping and modelling validation step has been overlooked,and this raises an important question in the credibility of the outcomes.This has been an important and unsolved issue in the ES research community that needs to be tackled.This highlight paper discusses the importance of validating single ES mapping and models.Conducting this using field or proximal/remote sensing raw data and not data from other models or stakeholder evaluation is important.A validation step should be mandatory in ES frameworks since it can assess the models’veracity,contribute to identifying the model’s weaknesses/strengths and ultimately represent a scientific advance in the field.This is easier to apply to the biophysical mapping and models of regulating and provisioning ES than to cultural ES,as the latter rely more on perception and cultural contexts.Also,ES supply models are easier to validate than demand and flow models.Robust and well-grounded models are essential for ensuring the reliability of individual ES maps and models and should be integrated into decision-making processes.Although several challenges arise related to the costs of data collection,in several cases prohibitive,and the time and the expertise needed to conduct this sampling and analysis,this is likely an imperative step that needs to be considered in the future.This will be beneficial in establishing ES research and improving decision-making and wellbeing.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to look into how reliable and valid the Persian version of the Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test-Revised (CUDIT-R-Pr) is. It will also compare the screening features of the CUDIT-R...The purpose of this paper is to look into how reliable and valid the Persian version of the Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test-Revised (CUDIT-R-Pr) is. It will also compare the screening features of the CUDIT-R with those of the DSM-5 criteria for cannabis use disorder (CUD) based on the SCID-5-CT in a group of university students in Tehran, Iran. The study used the stratified random sampling technique to collect data from 541 students (19 to 24 years old) who used cannabis in Tehran universities in 2024. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the uni-dimensionality of the CUDIT-R-Pr. We checked the reliability of the CUDIT-R-Pr using Cronbach Alpha, split-half, inter-rater, test-retest stability over time, and parallel testing equivalence. The results indicated that CUDIT-R-Pr is reliable, reproducible, and responsive, with substantial agreement and adequate interpretability. The CUDIT-R shows that it can tell the difference between different levels of cannabis use severity, which is known as discriminant validity. Receiver operating characteristic analyses confirmed this, using an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC = 0.95) at a cutoff of ten or less. This allowed CUDIT-R-Pr to accurately predict any DSM-5 based on the highest correctly classified value (0.89), demonstrating high levels of sensitivity (0.96), specificity (0.69), and Youden value (0.65). The exact maximum Youden index (0.72) showed that CUDIT-R-Pr could also predict moderate DSM-5 with a cutoff of twelve or less. To validate and generalize the CUDIT-R-Pr for use among Iranian cannabis users, we need more research.展开更多
Objective:To translate and adapt the dementia knowledge assessment scale(DKAS)into Sinhala version and to evaluate its psychometric properties among nursing students.Methods:A cross-sectional validation study was cond...Objective:To translate and adapt the dementia knowledge assessment scale(DKAS)into Sinhala version and to evaluate its psychometric properties among nursing students.Methods:A cross-sectional validation study was conducted in two phases:(i)translation and adaptation and(ii)evaluating psychometric properties(N=394 nursing students).Results:The DKAS was adapted to the Sinhala(Si-DKAS)version,and the content validity index(CVI=0.9)was satisfactory.Exploratory factor analysis(EFA)and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)resulted in an 18-item Si-DKAS with a four-factor model:“care considerations,”“causes and characteristics of dementia,”“health promotion,”and“misconceptions about dementia.”The model fit indices were suboptimal(comparative fix index[CFI]=0.809 and Turker-Lewis index[TLI]=0.773),and some indices were acceptable(standardized root-mean-squared residual[SRMR]=0.040 and root-mean-squared error of approximation[RMSEA]=0.053).Internal consistency(0.7)and test-retest correlation(0.9)were acceptable.Discriminant validity was confirmed by knowledge score differences based on academic years.Conclusions:This is a valid and reliable tool for assessing knowledge of dementia among Sinhala-speaking nursing students.展开更多
Chlorophyll a(Chl a)is a key photosynthetic pigment and an essential indicator of phytoplankton biomass.Accurate Chl a measurements are crucial for understanding marine biogeochemical processes.China launched the Chin...Chlorophyll a(Chl a)is a key photosynthetic pigment and an essential indicator of phytoplankton biomass.Accurate Chl a measurements are crucial for understanding marine biogeochemical processes.China launched the Chinese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner(COCTS)aboard the HY-1D satellite in 2020,yet its Chl a products require further validation in complex coastal waters.This study assesses HY-1D Chl a products in the Bohai and Yellow Seas,two optically complex coastal regions,using in situ data collected during multiple cruises.Additionally,we compare HY-1D Chl a products with those from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite(VIIRS).We observed that although Chl a products from HY-1D are generally consistent with those from the MODIS and VIIRS in spatial distribution,there are still significant errors when compared with in situ data.Therefore,we developed a new blended algorithm to improve the accuracy of HY-1D Chl a products.The algorithm distinguishes between turbid and relatively clean waters using a classification index based on the ratio of remote sensing reflectance(R_(rs)(λ)).After the initial classification,we developed targeted algorithms based on the optical properties of different water bodies.The new model shows a significant improvement,reducing the mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)from 43.1%to 24.3%.Additionally,merging Chl a data from HY-1D,MODIS,and VIIRS maintains good accuracy,with HY-1D Chl a products significantly enhancing data coverage and robustness.This research provides important support for producing high-quality HY-1D Chl a products for coastal waters.展开更多
systematic verification and validation(V&V)of our previously proposed momentum source wave generation method is performed.Some settings of previous numerical wave tanks(NWTs)of regular and irregular waves have bee...systematic verification and validation(V&V)of our previously proposed momentum source wave generation method is performed.Some settings of previous numerical wave tanks(NWTs)of regular and irregular waves have been optimized.The H2-5 V&V method involving five mesh sizes with mesh refinement ratio being 1.225 is used to verify the NWT of regular waves,in which the wave height and mass conservation are mainly considered based on a Lv3(H s=0.75 m)and a Lv6(H s=5 m)regular wave.Additionally,eight different sea states are chosen to validate the wave height,mass conservation and wave frequency of regular waves.Regarding the NWT of irregular waves,five different sea states with significant wave heights ranging from 0.09 m to 12.5 m are selected to validate the statistical characteristics of irregular waves,including the profile of the wave spectrum,peak frequency and significant wave height.Results show that the verification errors for Lv3 and Lv6 regular wave on the most refined grid are−0.018 and−0.35 for wave height,respectively,and−0.14 and for−0.17 mass conservation,respectively.The uncertainty estimation analysis shows that the numerical error could be partially balanced out by the modelling error to achieve a smaller validation error by adjusting the mesh size elaborately.And the validation errors of the wave height,mass conservation and dominant frequency of regular waves under different sea states are no more than 7%,8% and 2%,respectively.For a Lv3(H_(s)=0.75 m)and a Lv6(H_(s)=5 m)regular wave,simulations are validated on the wave height in wave development section for safety factors FS≈1 and FS≈0.5-1,respectively.Regarding irregular waves,the validation errors of the significant wave height and peak frequency are both lower than 2%.展开更多
Verification and validation(V&V)is a helpful tool for evaluating simulation errors,but its application in unsteady cavitating flow remains a challenging issue due to the difficulty in meeting the requirement of an...Verification and validation(V&V)is a helpful tool for evaluating simulation errors,but its application in unsteady cavitating flow remains a challenging issue due to the difficulty in meeting the requirement of an asymptotic range.Hence,a new V&V approach for large eddy simulation(LES)is proposed.This approach offers a viable solution for the error estimation of simulation data that are unable to satisfy the asymptotic range.The simulation errors of cavitating flow around a projectile near the free surface are assessed using the new V&V method.The evident error values are primarily dispersed around the cavity region and free surface.The increasingly intense cavitating flow increases the error magnitudes.In addition,the modeling error magnitudes of the Dynamic Smagorinsky-Lilly model are substantially smaller than that of the Smagorinsky-Lilly model.The present V&V method can capture the decrease in the modeling errors due to model enhancements,further exhibiting its applicability in cavitating flow simulations.Moreover,the monitoring points where the simulation data are beyond the asymptotic range are primarily dispersed near the cavity region,and the number of such points grows as the cavitating flow intensifies.The simulation outcomes also suggest that the re-entrant jet and shedding cavity collapse are the chief sources of vorticity motions,which remarkably affect the simulation accuracy.The results of this study provide a valuable reference for V&V research.展开更多
Epimedium Herba(EH)demonstrates significant therapeutic potential against prostate cancer(PC),though its mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood.This study investigates the pharmacological mechanisms of EH...Epimedium Herba(EH)demonstrates significant therapeutic potential against prostate cancer(PC),though its mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood.This study investigates the pharmacological mechanisms of EH in treating PC through network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation.Active components and potential targets of EH were identified using network pharmacology from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP).The STRING database facilitated the construction of a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network for shared targets and the identification of core anti-PC targets.Messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)and protein expression of core target genes in normal prostate and PC tissues,along with their correlation to overall PC survival,were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),Human Protein Atlas(HPA),and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA)databases.Gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the potential targets.Molecular docking of quercetin with key targets(TP53,TNF,heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1(HSP90 AA1),AKT1,CASP3,and ESR1)was conducted,with results visualized using PyMOL.In vitro experiments validated the network pharmacology predictions.Twenty-three active ingredients of EH were identified,and the intersection of potential targets with PC targets yielded 183 potential targets.PPI network analysis revealed six key genes:targets(TP53),TNF,HSP90 AA1,AKT1,CASP3,and ESR1.GO enrichment analysis identified 2369 biological processes(BP),77 cellular components(CC),and 215 molecular functions(MF).KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that EH's anti-cancer effects were mediated through interleukin-17(IL-17),TNF,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-AKT,apoptosis,p53,HIF-1,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),nuclear factorκB(NF-κB),and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance pathways.Core target validation confirmed consistency with the study's findings.Molecular docking indicated stable binding between the six core targets and quercetin.In vitro experiments confirmed quercetin's inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in ACT-1 cells.This investigation identifies potential therapeutic targets for PC through network pharmacology and experimental validation.resistance,and enhancing patient prognosis.展开更多
A team of researchers from the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Stanford University has announced the clinical validation of a flexible wearable biosensor that enables real-time monitoring of key metabolic biom...A team of researchers from the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Stanford University has announced the clinical validation of a flexible wearable biosensor that enables real-time monitoring of key metabolic biomarkers.The device,which integrates microfluidic technology,electrochemical sensing,and biocompatible materials,represents a significant advancement in point-of-care diagnostics and personalized medicine.展开更多
BACKGROUND The computed tomography(CT)-based preoperative risk score was developed to predict recurrence after upfront surgery in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)in South Korea.However,w...BACKGROUND The computed tomography(CT)-based preoperative risk score was developed to predict recurrence after upfront surgery in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)in South Korea.However,whether it performs well in other countries remains unknown.AIM To externally validate the CT-based preoperative risk score for PDAC in a country outside South Korea.METHODS Consecutive patients with PDAC who underwent upfront surgery from January 2016 to December 2019 at our institute in a country outside South Korea were retrospectively included.The study utilized the CT-based risk scoring system,which incorporates tumor size,portal venous phase density,tumor necrosis,peripancreatic infiltration,and suspicious metastatic lymph nodes.Patients were categorized into prognosis groups based on their risk score,as good(risk score<2),moderate(risk score 2-4),and poor(risk score≥5).RESULTS A total of 283 patients were evaluated,comprising 170 males and 113 females,with an average age of 63.52±8.71 years.Follow-up was conducted until May 2023,and 76%of patients experienced tumor recurrence with median recurrence-free survival(RFS)of 29.1±1.9 months.According to the evaluation results of Reader 1,the recurrence rates were 39.0%in the good prognosis group,82.1%in the moderate group,and 84.5%in the poor group.In comparison,Reader 2 reported recurrence rates of 50.0%,79.5%,and 88.9%,respectively,across the same prognostic categories.The study validated the effectiveness of the risk scoring system,demonstrating better RFS in the good prognosis group.CONCLUSION This research validated that the CT-based preoperative risk scoring system can effectively predict RFS in patients with PDAC,suggesting that it may be valuable in diverse populations.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to validate the Russian version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory(R-CBI)among nurses in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan and explored factors contributing to burnout.Methods The original Copenha...Objectives This study aimed to validate the Russian version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory(R-CBI)among nurses in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan and explored factors contributing to burnout.Methods The original Copenhagen Burnout Inventory(CBI)was translated into the R-CBI using a rigorous forward-backward method and reviewed by experts.Between July and November 2022,1,530 nurses were recruited through convenience sampling method from various nursing settings in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan to test the scale’s reliability and validity,including confirmatory factor analysis(CFA),internal consistency reliability,and concurrent validity.A linear regression analysis was conducted to identify influencing factors of burnout.Results The content of the R-CBI is consistent with the original CBI,consisting of 19 items with three dimensions.The Cronbach’sαcoefficient is 0.926 in Kazakhstan and 0.922 in Kyrgyzstan,ranging from 0.830 to 0.898 for three dimensions.The CFA results among nurses in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan supported the three-factor structure of R-CBI with good fit indices.Concurrent validity was established through significant correlations(P<0.001)with job satisfaction questionnaire(r=−0.457),Depression Anxiety Stress Scales(r=0.506 in depression,r=0.485 in anxiety,r=0.564 in stress),and WHO-5 Well-Being Index(r=−0.528).The overall burnout level was 36.1±17.6 and 37.5±17.4 in Kazakhstani and Kyrgyzstani nurses,respectively.Significant influencing factors of burnout included gender,age,educational level,and COVID-19 infection history.Conclusions The R-CBI was proved to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing nurses’burnout in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.展开更多
Objective:To address the prediction of hemorrhagic transformation(HT)after rt-PA thrombolysis in acute cerebral infarction(ACI)patients,a predictive model integrating data engineering,algorithm optimization,and modula...Objective:To address the prediction of hemorrhagic transformation(HT)after rt-PA thrombolysis in acute cerebral infarction(ACI)patients,a predictive model integrating data engineering,algorithm optimization,and modularity was constructed.This model resolves the technical limitation of traditional clinical statistical models that overemphasize analysis while neglecting deployment readiness,thereby providing a reusable technical solution for the implementation of medical risk prediction systems.Methods:A standardized dataset was built using data from 300 ACI patients who underwent rt-PA thrombolysis.Automated data cleaning,outlier correction,and feature engineering optimization(recursive feature elimination+variance inflation factor test)were applied to select core features.An L2-regularized logistic regression algorithm was employed to construct the prediction model,which was visualized via a nomogram.Multi-dimensional performance validation was conducted through cross-validation and probability calibration techniques.Results:The incidence of HT was20.0%.Multivariate analysis identified NIHSS score(OR=1.626),blood glucose(OR=1.662),platelet count(OR=0.975),age(OR=1.091),and history of diabetes(OR=0.343)as core predictors(P<0.05).Engineering validation demonstrated excellent discrimination(AUC=0.800,95%CI:0.752-0.856).After optimization with Platt scaling,the calibration curve was highly consistent with the actual probability,with a Brier score of0.092.The prediction time per sample was<50 ms,and the convergence efficiency of model training was improved by 30%.Conclusion:This model integrates core technologies including data preprocessing,feature optimization,and algorithm improvement,exhibiting low-latency,high stability,and deployability.It provides a standardized technical framework for transforming medical prediction models from statistical conclusions into engineered products.展开更多
Objective:To translate,adapt,and validate the Indonesian version of the Prenatal Health Behavior Scale.Methods:This cross-sectional,cross-cultural adaptation study was conducted between September 2024 and October 2024...Objective:To translate,adapt,and validate the Indonesian version of the Prenatal Health Behavior Scale.Methods:This cross-sectional,cross-cultural adaptation study was conducted between September 2024 and October 2024 in Ngrambe and Sine,subdistricts in Ngawi,East Java,Indonesia.We selected participants using purposive convenience sampling and matched them with inclusion and exclusion criteria.We collected sociodemographic,Prenatal Health Behavior Scale,and anthropometrics(height,weight,body mass index,and middle-upper arm circumference)data.We analyzed the content validity using the content validity index and Gwet's chance-corrected Agreement Coefficient 2,face validity by pilot-testing on several pregnant women,and construct validity using exploratory factor analysis.We measured reliability using McDonald's omega coefficient.Results:We recruited 183 pregnant women in this study(median age 28 years).The item-content validity index(I-CVI)of all items was 1.00,with Gwet's chance-corrected Agreement Coefficient 2 was 0.945.The face validity resulted in a clear statement of all items.The exploratory factor analysis showed the two-factor model best suited to the questionnaire.Omega coefficients for the overall scale,health-impairing,and health-promoting domains were 0.696,0.507,and 0.678,respectively.Conclusions:The Indonesian version of the Prenatal Health Behavior Scale is a valid and reliable instrument to assess prenatal health behavior in Indonesian-speaking pregnant women.Future studies may implement this scale in community and clinical settings.展开更多
To solve the problem of the lack of reference material(RM)for determination of allergenic ingredients in food,a RM of cashew nut powder was developed in the study.Cashew nut powder was prepared from cashew nut kernel ...To solve the problem of the lack of reference material(RM)for determination of allergenic ingredients in food,a RM of cashew nut powder was developed in the study.Cashew nut powder was prepared from cashew nut kernel by selecting,cleaning,crushing,n-hexane degreasing and sieving treatment.The reliability and traceability of RM was verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and phylogenetic tree analysis.The cashew nut powder RM showed good homogeneity,and good stability under long-term storage at 4℃and short-term simulated transportation from-20 to 45℃.The RM was determined jointly by 8 collaborative laboratories,and the characteristic CT value was 24.732,and the extended uncertainty was 1.052%(k=2).The RM was applied to verify the amplification efficiency and the limit of detection for qPCR assay,and showed good applicability.The RM could be used for method validation and quality control,for the determination of allergenic ingredients in food mixed with trace amounts of cashew nut.展开更多
BACKGROUND The rising global prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)has been closely linked to lifestyle changes driven by globalization.GERD imposes a substantial public health burden,affecting quality of...BACKGROUND The rising global prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)has been closely linked to lifestyle changes driven by globalization.GERD imposes a substantial public health burden,affecting quality of life and leading to potential complications.Early intervention through lifestyle modification can prevent disease onset;however,there is a lack of effective risk prediction models that emphasize primary prevention.AIM To develop and validate a GERD Risk Scoring System(GRSS)aimed at identifying high-risk individuals and promoting primary prevention strategies.METHODS A 45-item questionnaire encompassing major lifestyle and demographic risk factors was developed and validated.It was administered to healthy controls and GERD patients.Two regression models-one using continuous variables and another using categorized variables-were used to develop a computational prediction equation and a clinically applicable scoring scale.An independent validation cohort of 355 participants was used to assess model performance in terms of discrimination(C-index),calibration,sensitivity,specificity,internal consistency(Cronbach's alpha),and test-retest reliability(intraclass correlation coefficient,Bland-Altman analysis).RESULTS Significant associations were observed between GERD and key lifestyle factors.The derived GRSS equation and scoring scale demonstrated strong discriminative ability,with high sensitivity and specificity.The scoring system exhibited excellent internal consistency(Cronbach’s alpha)and strong test-retest reliability.The C-index indicated excellent predictive accuracy in both derivation and validation cohorts.CONCLUSION GRSS offers a novel and validated approach to GERD risk prediction,combining a robust equation for digital applications and a practical scale for clinical use.Its ability to accurately identify at-risk individuals supports a paradigm shift toward primary prevention,underscoring its significance in addressing the growing burden of GERD at the population level.展开更多
基金supported by the DH2025-TN07-07 project conducted at the Thai Nguyen University of Information and Communication Technology,Thai Nguyen,Vietnam,with additional support from the AI in Software Engineering Lab.
文摘It remains difficult to automate the creation and validation of Unified Modeling Language(UML)dia-grams due to unstructured requirements,limited automated pipelines,and the lack of reliable evaluation methods.This study introduces a cohesive architecture that amalgamates requirement development,UML synthesis,and multimodal validation.First,LLaMA-3.2-1B-Instruct was utilized to generate user-focused requirements.Then,DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B applies its reasoning skills to transform these requirements into PlantUML code.Using this dual-LLM pipeline,we constructed a synthetic dataset of 11,997 UML diagrams spanning six major diagram families.Rendering analysis showed that 89.5%of the generated diagrams compile correctly,while invalid cases were detected automatically.To assess quality,we employed a multimodal scoring method that combines Qwen2.5-VL-3B,LLaMA-3.2-11B-Vision-Instruct and Aya-Vision-8B,with weights based on MMMU performance.A study with 94 experts revealed strong alignment between automatic and manual evaluations,yielding a Pearson correlation of r=0.82 and a Fleiss’Kappa of 0.78.This indicates a high degree of concordance between automated metrics and human judgment.Overall,the results demonstrated that our scoring system is effective and that the proposed generation pipeline produces UML diagrams that are both syntactically correct and semantically coherent.More broadly,the system provides a scalable and reproducible foundation for future work in AI-driven software modeling and multimodal verification.
基金supported by a Project Grant(Grant No.PJT183705)an Early Career Investigator Prize(Grant No.ECP 184184)from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research+7 种基金a Prentice Institute Research Affiliate Fund Grant from the Prentice Institute for Global Population and Economy(Grant No.G00004116)a Te Herenga Waka Victoria University of Wellington Division of Science Health Engineering Architecture and Design Innovation Faculty Strategic Research Grant(Grant No.FSRG-SHEADI-10724)The Thailand Physical Activity Knowledge Development Centre(TPAK)/Thai Health Promotion Foundation provided funding for the cognitive interviews and pilot study in Thailand(Grant No.66-P1-0473)The University Pablo de Olavide provided a scholarship for 2 undergraduate students working on the project(codes PPI2207 and PPI2308)In the Czech Republicthe study was supported by Palacky University IGA(Grant No.IGA_FTK_2023_017)supported by the Division of Intramural Research at the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Healthsupported by the Key Project of the National Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of China(23&ZD197)。
文摘Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is designed to assess physical activity(PA)across all key domains(i.e.,school,chores,work/volunteering,transport,free time,outdoor time).It aimed to address multiple gaps in global PA surveillance(e.g.,omission of important PA domains,insufficient cultural adaptation,underrepresentation of rural areas in questionnaire validation studies).The purpose of this study was to assess the content validity of the GAC-PAQ among PA experts,8-to 17-year-olds,and one of their parents/guardians,and to discuss changes made to the questionnaire based on participants'feedback.Methods:Sixty-two experts in PA measurement and/or surveillance from 24 countries completed an online survey that included both closed-and open-ended questions about the content validity of the GAC-PAQ.The proportion of experts who agreed or strongly agreed with the items was calculated.Child-parent/guardian dyads from 15 countries(n=250;10-40 per country)participated in a structured cognitive interview to assess the clarity of the questions and response options,and they were encouraged to provide suggestions to improve clarity and facilitate completion of the questionnaire.Participating countries are:Aotearoa New Zealand,Brazil,Canada,China,Colombia,Czech Republic,India,Malawi,Mexico,Nepal,Nigeria,Spain,Sweden,Thailand,and the United Arab Emirates.Interviews were conducted in 13 different languages and structured by PA domain.Generic images were included to help participants in answering questions about PA intensity.Results:Expert agreement with the items for each domain exceeded 75%,and their qualitative feedback was used to revise the questionnaire before cognitive interviews.In general,participants found the questionnaire to be comprehensive.Adolescents(12-17 years)found it easier than children(8-11 years)to answer the questions.Several children struggled to answer questions about the duration and intensity of activities and/or concepts related to travel modes,active trips,and organized activities.Many parents/guardians were unsure about the frequency,duration,and intensity of their children's or adolescents'PA at school and/or recommended using more culturally relevant and appropriate images.Some participants misunderstood the concept of activities that“make you stronger”(intended to assess resistance activities)and/or struggled to differentiate between work,volunteering,and chores.Conclusion:Participants'feedback was used to develop a revised,simplified,and culturally adapted GAC-PAQ,which will be pilot-tested in all15 countries in an App that will include country-specific images and narration in local languages.Further research is needed to assess the reliability and validity of the revised GAC-PAQ.
基金funded in part by the German Research Foundation(Grant reference:496846758).
文摘The ongoing revolution in information technology is reshaping human life. In the realm of health behavior, wearable technology emerges as a leading digital solution,capturing physical behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary habits, sleep patterns) within the 24-h cycle of daily life. Wearables are applied in research, clinical practice, and as lifestyle devices;most obvious, they promise to be a key element for increasing human physical activity, one of the biggest health challenges nowadays.
基金Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Chronic Musculoskeletal Diseases (20MC1920600)Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty "Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopaedic Traumatology"(shslczdzk03901)+3 种基金The Second Round of Construction Project of National TCM Academic School Inheritance Studio "Shi's Trauma Department"[Letter of the People's Education of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2019) No.62]Shanghai High-level Local Universities "Chronic Muscle and Bone Damage Research and Transformation" Innovation Team [No.3 of Shanghai Education Commission (2022)]Program for Shanghai High-Level Local University Innovation Team (SZY20220315)Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center Clinical Three-year Action Plan (SHDC2020CR3090B)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the potential molecular mechanism of Qigu capsule(芪骨胶囊,QGC) in the treatment of sarcopenia through network pharmacology and to verify it experimentally.METHODS:The active compounds of QGC and common targets between QGC and sarcopenia were screened from databases.Then the herbs-compounds-targets network,and protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed.Gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed by R software.Next,we used a dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia mouse model to evaluate the anti-sarcopenic mechanism of QGC.RESULTS:A total of 57 common targets of QGC and sarcopenia were obtained.Based on the enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG,we took the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) signaling pathway as a key target to explore the mechanism of QGC on sarcopenia.Animal experiments showed that QGC could increase muscle strength and inhibit muscle fiber atrophy.In the model group,the expression of muscle ring finger-1 and Atrogin-1 were increased,while myosin heavy chain was decreased,QGC treatment reversed these changes.Moreover,compared with the model group,the expressions of pPI3K,p-Akt,p-mammalian target of rapamycin and pForkhead box O3 in the QGC group were all upregulated.CONCLUSION:QGC exerts an anti-sarcopenic effect by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to regulate skeletal muscle protein metabolism.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2024JJ6626)the Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control(HPKL202320),China.
文摘Objective:Pelvic floor dysfunction is common among pregnant and postpartum women and significantly impacts quality of life.This study aims to translate the German Pelvic Floor Questionnaire for Pregnant and Postpartum Women into Chinese and to evaluate its reliability and validity in the Chinese population.Methods:The questionnaire was translated using the Brislin model.A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant and postpartum women to assess the content validity,construct validity,Cronbach’sαcoefficient,test-retest reliability,and split-half reliability of the Chinese version.Results:A total of 72 women were included,with 6.9% being pregnant and 93.1% postpartum;the age was(32.3±3.6)years.The Chinese version of the questionnaire contains 4 dimensions and 45 items.The content validity index of individual items ranged from 0.833 to 1.000,with a scale-level content validity index of 0.977 and intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs)exceeding 0.90.The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.891,with subscale coefficients ranging from 0.732 to 0.884(all ICCs>0.70).The testretest reliability of the total scale was 0.833,and for the 4 dimensions,bladder,bowel,prolapse,and sexual function,the values were 0.776,0.579,0.732,and 0.645,respectively.The split-half reliability was 0.74.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the questionnaire demonstrated good reliability and validity,indicating its applicability in assessing pelvic floor dysfunction and associated risk factors during pregnancy and postpartum.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82371530,82171529)the Capital Health Development Special Research Project(2022-1-4111)the National Key Technology R and D Program(No.2015BAI13B01).
文摘Background The patient-reported Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale(DARS)has been adapted into Chinese,so there is a need to evaluate its measurement properties in a Chinese population.Aims To evaluate the reliability and validity of the DARS among Chinese individuals with major depressive disorder(MDD)and its treatment sensitivity in a prospective clinical study.Methods Data were from a multicentre,prospective clinical study(NCT03294525),which recruited both patients with MDD,who were followed for 8 weeks,and healthy controls(HCs),assessed at baseline only.The analysis included confirmatory factor analysis,validity and sensitivity to change.Results Patients’mean(standard deviation(SD))age was 34.8(11.0)years,with 68.7%being female.75.2%of patients with MDD had melancholic features,followed by 63.8%with anxious distress.Patients had experienced MDD for a mean(SD)of 9.2(18)months.DARS scores covered the full range of severity with no major floor or ceiling effects.Confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate fit statistics(comparative fit index 0.976,goodness-of-fit index 0.935 and root mean square error of approximation 0.055).Convergent validity with anhedonia-related measures was confirmed.While the correlation between the DARS and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was not strong(r=0.31,baseline),the DARS was found to differentiate between levels of depression.Greater improvements in DARS scores were seen with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression responder group(effect size 1.16)compared with the non-responder group(effect size 0.46).Conclusions This study comprehensively evaluated the measurement properties of the DARS using a Chinese population with MDD.Overall,the Chinese version of DARS demonstrates good psychometric properties and has been found to be responsive to change during antidepressant treatment.The DARS is a suitable scale for assessing patient-reported anhedonia in future clinical trials.
基金supported by the project Monetary valuation of soil ecosystem services and creation of initiatives to invest in soil health:setting a framework for the inclusion of soil health in business and in the policy making process(InBestSoil)(Horizon Europe)Grant agreement ID:101091099。
文摘Ecosystem services(ES)mapping and models have advanced in recent years.Improvements were made,and the assessments have transitioned from qualitative to quantitative.Although this is an important advancement,the ES mapping and modelling validation step has been overlooked,and this raises an important question in the credibility of the outcomes.This has been an important and unsolved issue in the ES research community that needs to be tackled.This highlight paper discusses the importance of validating single ES mapping and models.Conducting this using field or proximal/remote sensing raw data and not data from other models or stakeholder evaluation is important.A validation step should be mandatory in ES frameworks since it can assess the models’veracity,contribute to identifying the model’s weaknesses/strengths and ultimately represent a scientific advance in the field.This is easier to apply to the biophysical mapping and models of regulating and provisioning ES than to cultural ES,as the latter rely more on perception and cultural contexts.Also,ES supply models are easier to validate than demand and flow models.Robust and well-grounded models are essential for ensuring the reliability of individual ES maps and models and should be integrated into decision-making processes.Although several challenges arise related to the costs of data collection,in several cases prohibitive,and the time and the expertise needed to conduct this sampling and analysis,this is likely an imperative step that needs to be considered in the future.This will be beneficial in establishing ES research and improving decision-making and wellbeing.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to look into how reliable and valid the Persian version of the Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test-Revised (CUDIT-R-Pr) is. It will also compare the screening features of the CUDIT-R with those of the DSM-5 criteria for cannabis use disorder (CUD) based on the SCID-5-CT in a group of university students in Tehran, Iran. The study used the stratified random sampling technique to collect data from 541 students (19 to 24 years old) who used cannabis in Tehran universities in 2024. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the uni-dimensionality of the CUDIT-R-Pr. We checked the reliability of the CUDIT-R-Pr using Cronbach Alpha, split-half, inter-rater, test-retest stability over time, and parallel testing equivalence. The results indicated that CUDIT-R-Pr is reliable, reproducible, and responsive, with substantial agreement and adequate interpretability. The CUDIT-R shows that it can tell the difference between different levels of cannabis use severity, which is known as discriminant validity. Receiver operating characteristic analyses confirmed this, using an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC = 0.95) at a cutoff of ten or less. This allowed CUDIT-R-Pr to accurately predict any DSM-5 based on the highest correctly classified value (0.89), demonstrating high levels of sensitivity (0.96), specificity (0.69), and Youden value (0.65). The exact maximum Youden index (0.72) showed that CUDIT-R-Pr could also predict moderate DSM-5 with a cutoff of twelve or less. To validate and generalize the CUDIT-R-Pr for use among Iranian cannabis users, we need more research.
文摘Objective:To translate and adapt the dementia knowledge assessment scale(DKAS)into Sinhala version and to evaluate its psychometric properties among nursing students.Methods:A cross-sectional validation study was conducted in two phases:(i)translation and adaptation and(ii)evaluating psychometric properties(N=394 nursing students).Results:The DKAS was adapted to the Sinhala(Si-DKAS)version,and the content validity index(CVI=0.9)was satisfactory.Exploratory factor analysis(EFA)and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)resulted in an 18-item Si-DKAS with a four-factor model:“care considerations,”“causes and characteristics of dementia,”“health promotion,”and“misconceptions about dementia.”The model fit indices were suboptimal(comparative fix index[CFI]=0.809 and Turker-Lewis index[TLI]=0.773),and some indices were acceptable(standardized root-mean-squared residual[SRMR]=0.040 and root-mean-squared error of approximation[RMSEA]=0.053).Internal consistency(0.7)and test-retest correlation(0.9)were acceptable.Discriminant validity was confirmed by knowledge score differences based on academic years.Conclusions:This is a valid and reliable tool for assessing knowledge of dementia among Sinhala-speaking nursing students.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2021YFB3901304the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.42842176181,42476173,and 42176179the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under contract No.BK20211289.
文摘Chlorophyll a(Chl a)is a key photosynthetic pigment and an essential indicator of phytoplankton biomass.Accurate Chl a measurements are crucial for understanding marine biogeochemical processes.China launched the Chinese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner(COCTS)aboard the HY-1D satellite in 2020,yet its Chl a products require further validation in complex coastal waters.This study assesses HY-1D Chl a products in the Bohai and Yellow Seas,two optically complex coastal regions,using in situ data collected during multiple cruises.Additionally,we compare HY-1D Chl a products with those from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite(VIIRS).We observed that although Chl a products from HY-1D are generally consistent with those from the MODIS and VIIRS in spatial distribution,there are still significant errors when compared with in situ data.Therefore,we developed a new blended algorithm to improve the accuracy of HY-1D Chl a products.The algorithm distinguishes between turbid and relatively clean waters using a classification index based on the ratio of remote sensing reflectance(R_(rs)(λ)).After the initial classification,we developed targeted algorithms based on the optical properties of different water bodies.The new model shows a significant improvement,reducing the mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)from 43.1%to 24.3%.Additionally,merging Chl a data from HY-1D,MODIS,and VIIRS maintains good accuracy,with HY-1D Chl a products significantly enhancing data coverage and robustness.This research provides important support for producing high-quality HY-1D Chl a products for coastal waters.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3303500).
文摘systematic verification and validation(V&V)of our previously proposed momentum source wave generation method is performed.Some settings of previous numerical wave tanks(NWTs)of regular and irregular waves have been optimized.The H2-5 V&V method involving five mesh sizes with mesh refinement ratio being 1.225 is used to verify the NWT of regular waves,in which the wave height and mass conservation are mainly considered based on a Lv3(H s=0.75 m)and a Lv6(H s=5 m)regular wave.Additionally,eight different sea states are chosen to validate the wave height,mass conservation and wave frequency of regular waves.Regarding the NWT of irregular waves,five different sea states with significant wave heights ranging from 0.09 m to 12.5 m are selected to validate the statistical characteristics of irregular waves,including the profile of the wave spectrum,peak frequency and significant wave height.Results show that the verification errors for Lv3 and Lv6 regular wave on the most refined grid are−0.018 and−0.35 for wave height,respectively,and−0.14 and for−0.17 mass conservation,respectively.The uncertainty estimation analysis shows that the numerical error could be partially balanced out by the modelling error to achieve a smaller validation error by adjusting the mesh size elaborately.And the validation errors of the wave height,mass conservation and dominant frequency of regular waves under different sea states are no more than 7%,8% and 2%,respectively.For a Lv3(H_(s)=0.75 m)and a Lv6(H_(s)=5 m)regular wave,simulations are validated on the wave height in wave development section for safety factors FS≈1 and FS≈0.5-1,respectively.Regarding irregular waves,the validation errors of the significant wave height and peak frequency are both lower than 2%.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3303501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.52176041 and 12102308)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Project Nos.2042023kf0208 and 2042023kf0159).
文摘Verification and validation(V&V)is a helpful tool for evaluating simulation errors,but its application in unsteady cavitating flow remains a challenging issue due to the difficulty in meeting the requirement of an asymptotic range.Hence,a new V&V approach for large eddy simulation(LES)is proposed.This approach offers a viable solution for the error estimation of simulation data that are unable to satisfy the asymptotic range.The simulation errors of cavitating flow around a projectile near the free surface are assessed using the new V&V method.The evident error values are primarily dispersed around the cavity region and free surface.The increasingly intense cavitating flow increases the error magnitudes.In addition,the modeling error magnitudes of the Dynamic Smagorinsky-Lilly model are substantially smaller than that of the Smagorinsky-Lilly model.The present V&V method can capture the decrease in the modeling errors due to model enhancements,further exhibiting its applicability in cavitating flow simulations.Moreover,the monitoring points where the simulation data are beyond the asymptotic range are primarily dispersed near the cavity region,and the number of such points grows as the cavitating flow intensifies.The simulation outcomes also suggest that the re-entrant jet and shedding cavity collapse are the chief sources of vorticity motions,which remarkably affect the simulation accuracy.The results of this study provide a valuable reference for V&V research.
文摘Epimedium Herba(EH)demonstrates significant therapeutic potential against prostate cancer(PC),though its mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood.This study investigates the pharmacological mechanisms of EH in treating PC through network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation.Active components and potential targets of EH were identified using network pharmacology from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP).The STRING database facilitated the construction of a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network for shared targets and the identification of core anti-PC targets.Messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)and protein expression of core target genes in normal prostate and PC tissues,along with their correlation to overall PC survival,were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),Human Protein Atlas(HPA),and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA)databases.Gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the potential targets.Molecular docking of quercetin with key targets(TP53,TNF,heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1(HSP90 AA1),AKT1,CASP3,and ESR1)was conducted,with results visualized using PyMOL.In vitro experiments validated the network pharmacology predictions.Twenty-three active ingredients of EH were identified,and the intersection of potential targets with PC targets yielded 183 potential targets.PPI network analysis revealed six key genes:targets(TP53),TNF,HSP90 AA1,AKT1,CASP3,and ESR1.GO enrichment analysis identified 2369 biological processes(BP),77 cellular components(CC),and 215 molecular functions(MF).KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that EH's anti-cancer effects were mediated through interleukin-17(IL-17),TNF,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-AKT,apoptosis,p53,HIF-1,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),nuclear factorκB(NF-κB),and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance pathways.Core target validation confirmed consistency with the study's findings.Molecular docking indicated stable binding between the six core targets and quercetin.In vitro experiments confirmed quercetin's inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in ACT-1 cells.This investigation identifies potential therapeutic targets for PC through network pharmacology and experimental validation.resistance,and enhancing patient prognosis.
文摘A team of researchers from the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Stanford University has announced the clinical validation of a flexible wearable biosensor that enables real-time monitoring of key metabolic biomarkers.The device,which integrates microfluidic technology,electrochemical sensing,and biocompatible materials,represents a significant advancement in point-of-care diagnostics and personalized medicine.
文摘BACKGROUND The computed tomography(CT)-based preoperative risk score was developed to predict recurrence after upfront surgery in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)in South Korea.However,whether it performs well in other countries remains unknown.AIM To externally validate the CT-based preoperative risk score for PDAC in a country outside South Korea.METHODS Consecutive patients with PDAC who underwent upfront surgery from January 2016 to December 2019 at our institute in a country outside South Korea were retrospectively included.The study utilized the CT-based risk scoring system,which incorporates tumor size,portal venous phase density,tumor necrosis,peripancreatic infiltration,and suspicious metastatic lymph nodes.Patients were categorized into prognosis groups based on their risk score,as good(risk score<2),moderate(risk score 2-4),and poor(risk score≥5).RESULTS A total of 283 patients were evaluated,comprising 170 males and 113 females,with an average age of 63.52±8.71 years.Follow-up was conducted until May 2023,and 76%of patients experienced tumor recurrence with median recurrence-free survival(RFS)of 29.1±1.9 months.According to the evaluation results of Reader 1,the recurrence rates were 39.0%in the good prognosis group,82.1%in the moderate group,and 84.5%in the poor group.In comparison,Reader 2 reported recurrence rates of 50.0%,79.5%,and 88.9%,respectively,across the same prognostic categories.The study validated the effectiveness of the risk scoring system,demonstrating better RFS in the good prognosis group.CONCLUSION This research validated that the CT-based preoperative risk scoring system can effectively predict RFS in patients with PDAC,suggesting that it may be valuable in diverse populations.
文摘Objectives This study aimed to validate the Russian version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory(R-CBI)among nurses in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan and explored factors contributing to burnout.Methods The original Copenhagen Burnout Inventory(CBI)was translated into the R-CBI using a rigorous forward-backward method and reviewed by experts.Between July and November 2022,1,530 nurses were recruited through convenience sampling method from various nursing settings in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan to test the scale’s reliability and validity,including confirmatory factor analysis(CFA),internal consistency reliability,and concurrent validity.A linear regression analysis was conducted to identify influencing factors of burnout.Results The content of the R-CBI is consistent with the original CBI,consisting of 19 items with three dimensions.The Cronbach’sαcoefficient is 0.926 in Kazakhstan and 0.922 in Kyrgyzstan,ranging from 0.830 to 0.898 for three dimensions.The CFA results among nurses in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan supported the three-factor structure of R-CBI with good fit indices.Concurrent validity was established through significant correlations(P<0.001)with job satisfaction questionnaire(r=−0.457),Depression Anxiety Stress Scales(r=0.506 in depression,r=0.485 in anxiety,r=0.564 in stress),and WHO-5 Well-Being Index(r=−0.528).The overall burnout level was 36.1±17.6 and 37.5±17.4 in Kazakhstani and Kyrgyzstani nurses,respectively.Significant influencing factors of burnout included gender,age,educational level,and COVID-19 infection history.Conclusions The R-CBI was proved to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing nurses’burnout in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
文摘Objective:To address the prediction of hemorrhagic transformation(HT)after rt-PA thrombolysis in acute cerebral infarction(ACI)patients,a predictive model integrating data engineering,algorithm optimization,and modularity was constructed.This model resolves the technical limitation of traditional clinical statistical models that overemphasize analysis while neglecting deployment readiness,thereby providing a reusable technical solution for the implementation of medical risk prediction systems.Methods:A standardized dataset was built using data from 300 ACI patients who underwent rt-PA thrombolysis.Automated data cleaning,outlier correction,and feature engineering optimization(recursive feature elimination+variance inflation factor test)were applied to select core features.An L2-regularized logistic regression algorithm was employed to construct the prediction model,which was visualized via a nomogram.Multi-dimensional performance validation was conducted through cross-validation and probability calibration techniques.Results:The incidence of HT was20.0%.Multivariate analysis identified NIHSS score(OR=1.626),blood glucose(OR=1.662),platelet count(OR=0.975),age(OR=1.091),and history of diabetes(OR=0.343)as core predictors(P<0.05).Engineering validation demonstrated excellent discrimination(AUC=0.800,95%CI:0.752-0.856).After optimization with Platt scaling,the calibration curve was highly consistent with the actual probability,with a Brier score of0.092.The prediction time per sample was<50 ms,and the convergence efficiency of model training was improved by 30%.Conclusion:This model integrates core technologies including data preprocessing,feature optimization,and algorithm improvement,exhibiting low-latency,high stability,and deployability.It provides a standardized technical framework for transforming medical prediction models from statistical conclusions into engineered products.
文摘Objective:To translate,adapt,and validate the Indonesian version of the Prenatal Health Behavior Scale.Methods:This cross-sectional,cross-cultural adaptation study was conducted between September 2024 and October 2024 in Ngrambe and Sine,subdistricts in Ngawi,East Java,Indonesia.We selected participants using purposive convenience sampling and matched them with inclusion and exclusion criteria.We collected sociodemographic,Prenatal Health Behavior Scale,and anthropometrics(height,weight,body mass index,and middle-upper arm circumference)data.We analyzed the content validity using the content validity index and Gwet's chance-corrected Agreement Coefficient 2,face validity by pilot-testing on several pregnant women,and construct validity using exploratory factor analysis.We measured reliability using McDonald's omega coefficient.Results:We recruited 183 pregnant women in this study(median age 28 years).The item-content validity index(I-CVI)of all items was 1.00,with Gwet's chance-corrected Agreement Coefficient 2 was 0.945.The face validity resulted in a clear statement of all items.The exploratory factor analysis showed the two-factor model best suited to the questionnaire.Omega coefficients for the overall scale,health-impairing,and health-promoting domains were 0.696,0.507,and 0.678,respectively.Conclusions:The Indonesian version of the Prenatal Health Behavior Scale is a valid and reliable instrument to assess prenatal health behavior in Indonesian-speaking pregnant women.Future studies may implement this scale in community and clinical settings.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Pro-gram of China(2021YFF0601902)the National Reference Material Development Project(S2022234).
文摘To solve the problem of the lack of reference material(RM)for determination of allergenic ingredients in food,a RM of cashew nut powder was developed in the study.Cashew nut powder was prepared from cashew nut kernel by selecting,cleaning,crushing,n-hexane degreasing and sieving treatment.The reliability and traceability of RM was verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and phylogenetic tree analysis.The cashew nut powder RM showed good homogeneity,and good stability under long-term storage at 4℃and short-term simulated transportation from-20 to 45℃.The RM was determined jointly by 8 collaborative laboratories,and the characteristic CT value was 24.732,and the extended uncertainty was 1.052%(k=2).The RM was applied to verify the amplification efficiency and the limit of detection for qPCR assay,and showed good applicability.The RM could be used for method validation and quality control,for the determination of allergenic ingredients in food mixed with trace amounts of cashew nut.
文摘BACKGROUND The rising global prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)has been closely linked to lifestyle changes driven by globalization.GERD imposes a substantial public health burden,affecting quality of life and leading to potential complications.Early intervention through lifestyle modification can prevent disease onset;however,there is a lack of effective risk prediction models that emphasize primary prevention.AIM To develop and validate a GERD Risk Scoring System(GRSS)aimed at identifying high-risk individuals and promoting primary prevention strategies.METHODS A 45-item questionnaire encompassing major lifestyle and demographic risk factors was developed and validated.It was administered to healthy controls and GERD patients.Two regression models-one using continuous variables and another using categorized variables-were used to develop a computational prediction equation and a clinically applicable scoring scale.An independent validation cohort of 355 participants was used to assess model performance in terms of discrimination(C-index),calibration,sensitivity,specificity,internal consistency(Cronbach's alpha),and test-retest reliability(intraclass correlation coefficient,Bland-Altman analysis).RESULTS Significant associations were observed between GERD and key lifestyle factors.The derived GRSS equation and scoring scale demonstrated strong discriminative ability,with high sensitivity and specificity.The scoring system exhibited excellent internal consistency(Cronbach’s alpha)and strong test-retest reliability.The C-index indicated excellent predictive accuracy in both derivation and validation cohorts.CONCLUSION GRSS offers a novel and validated approach to GERD risk prediction,combining a robust equation for digital applications and a practical scale for clinical use.Its ability to accurately identify at-risk individuals supports a paradigm shift toward primary prevention,underscoring its significance in addressing the growing burden of GERD at the population level.
