Objective:To decipher the responsible compound present in the aqueous root extract of Vetiveria zizanioides which has tremendous immunomodulatory activity.Methods:Different fractions of the water extract were collecte...Objective:To decipher the responsible compound present in the aqueous root extract of Vetiveria zizanioides which has tremendous immunomodulatory activity.Methods:Different fractions of the water extract were collected and analyzed for immunomodulatory activity by analyzing in vitro phagocytic activity and nitric oxide production.One fraction VF3 was selected and further analyzed for possible compounds by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer.The in vitro immunomodulatory parameters such as phagocytic index,nitrite content,and tumor necrosis factor-α production in murine macrophages were analyzed.In vivo studies,sheep red blood cell induced haemagglutination titer,the number of antibody-producing cells,and sheep red blood cell induced delayed-type hypersensitivity were analyzed.Cytotoxic studies in L929 normal fibroblasts were also performed.Results:One of the fractions,VF3,was selected and confirmed the presence of an active compound valencene.The in vitro immunomodulatory parameters were significantly(P<0.05)increased by valencene treatment.In vivo studies in Swiss albino mice showed that valencene could significantly(P<0.05)increase haemagglutination titer,the number of antibody-producing cells,and delayed-type hypersensitivity.Cytotoxic studies also showed that valencene did not cause any morphological changes and DNA damage in normal fibroblasts.Conclusions:Valencene possesses immunomodulatory activities and can be commercially exploited for its immunostimulatory potentials.展开更多
Three new copper(II)compounds,formulated as[Cu(pdc)(H_(3)tea)(H_(2)O)](1),[Cu_(2)(μ_(3)-pdc)_(2)(DMF)(H_(2)O)_(2)]n·2nH_(2)O(2)and[Cu_(2)(μ4-pdc)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(3)]n·3nH_(2)O(3),were generated from copper(II...Three new copper(II)compounds,formulated as[Cu(pdc)(H_(3)tea)(H_(2)O)](1),[Cu_(2)(μ_(3)-pdc)_(2)(DMF)(H_(2)O)_(2)]n·2nH_(2)O(2)and[Cu_(2)(μ4-pdc)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(3)]n·3nH_(2)O(3),were generated from copper(II)nitrate,3,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid(H_(2)pdc),and triethanolamine(H_(3)tea).Their crystal structures revealed a discrete 0D complex(1)as well as 2D(2)and 3D(3)coordination polymers(CPs).The obtained compounds were screened as precatalysts for the oxidation of terpenes with molecular oxygen as the oxidizing agent and t-BuOOH as the radical initiator.The relationship between the precatalyst structures and the accumulation ofα-pinene oxidation products was investigated.Among the three compounds,compound 2 revealed the best activity inα-pinene oxidation.Under the optimized conditions,the conversion ofα-pinene reached∼90%,yielding pinene oxide,verbenyl hydroperoxide,verbenol,and verbenone as the main products.Furthermore,compound 2 can catalyze the oxidation of(+)-valencene with O2 to give(+)-nootkatone.This study showcases the successful synthesis of three new copper-pyridinedicarboxylate derivatives,among which the 2D coordination polymer 2 acts as a particularly efficient precatalyst for upgrading terpenes into value-added oxyfunctionalized products.展开更多
文摘Objective:To decipher the responsible compound present in the aqueous root extract of Vetiveria zizanioides which has tremendous immunomodulatory activity.Methods:Different fractions of the water extract were collected and analyzed for immunomodulatory activity by analyzing in vitro phagocytic activity and nitric oxide production.One fraction VF3 was selected and further analyzed for possible compounds by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer.The in vitro immunomodulatory parameters such as phagocytic index,nitrite content,and tumor necrosis factor-α production in murine macrophages were analyzed.In vivo studies,sheep red blood cell induced haemagglutination titer,the number of antibody-producing cells,and sheep red blood cell induced delayed-type hypersensitivity were analyzed.Cytotoxic studies in L929 normal fibroblasts were also performed.Results:One of the fractions,VF3,was selected and confirmed the presence of an active compound valencene.The in vitro immunomodulatory parameters were significantly(P<0.05)increased by valencene treatment.In vivo studies in Swiss albino mice showed that valencene could significantly(P<0.05)increase haemagglutination titer,the number of antibody-producing cells,and delayed-type hypersensitivity.Cytotoxic studies also showed that valencene did not cause any morphological changes and DNA damage in normal fibroblasts.Conclusions:Valencene possesses immunomodulatory activities and can be commercially exploited for its immunostimulatory potentials.
基金funding from the EU via its Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No.860762(CHAIR project)the Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT,Portugal,PTDC/QUI-QIN/3898/2020,UIDB/00100/2020,UIDP/00100/2020,LA/P/0056/2020,and UID/00100/2023)the research contracts within the PTDC/QUI-QIN/29697/2017 and PTDC/QUI-QIN/3898/2020 projects(2021-2024).
文摘Three new copper(II)compounds,formulated as[Cu(pdc)(H_(3)tea)(H_(2)O)](1),[Cu_(2)(μ_(3)-pdc)_(2)(DMF)(H_(2)O)_(2)]n·2nH_(2)O(2)and[Cu_(2)(μ4-pdc)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(3)]n·3nH_(2)O(3),were generated from copper(II)nitrate,3,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid(H_(2)pdc),and triethanolamine(H_(3)tea).Their crystal structures revealed a discrete 0D complex(1)as well as 2D(2)and 3D(3)coordination polymers(CPs).The obtained compounds were screened as precatalysts for the oxidation of terpenes with molecular oxygen as the oxidizing agent and t-BuOOH as the radical initiator.The relationship between the precatalyst structures and the accumulation ofα-pinene oxidation products was investigated.Among the three compounds,compound 2 revealed the best activity inα-pinene oxidation.Under the optimized conditions,the conversion ofα-pinene reached∼90%,yielding pinene oxide,verbenyl hydroperoxide,verbenol,and verbenone as the main products.Furthermore,compound 2 can catalyze the oxidation of(+)-valencene with O2 to give(+)-nootkatone.This study showcases the successful synthesis of three new copper-pyridinedicarboxylate derivatives,among which the 2D coordination polymer 2 acts as a particularly efficient precatalyst for upgrading terpenes into value-added oxyfunctionalized products.
