Using gradually regression analysis to establish the driving force model of utilized change of cultivated land in Gonghe County, and using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system d...Using gradually regression analysis to establish the driving force model of utilized change of cultivated land in Gonghe County, and using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system dynamics method to inspect the effect of driving changing on cultivated land change under different change situations. Driving factors, action mechanism and process of utilized change of cultivated land were analyzed from the county territory scale level. At last, some corresponding policies and measures were put forward.展开更多
Using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system dynamics method to study the driving force of cultivated land in Qinghai Lake Area, and using gradually regression analysis to establi...Using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system dynamics method to study the driving force of cultivated land in Qinghai Lake Area, and using gradually regression analysis to establish the driving force model of utilized change of cultivated land. Driving factors, action mechanism and process of utilized change of cultivated land were analyzed, and the differences during all factors were compared. The study provides some decision basis for sustainable utilization and management of land resources in Qinghai Lake Area.展开更多
The yield potential of current rice varieties has reached a high plateau and fluc-tuated within a narrow range. Based on the theory and practice of rice breedingfor super-high-yield, we put forward a concept of "...The yield potential of current rice varieties has reached a high plateau and fluc-tuated within a narrow range. Based on the theory and practice of rice breedingfor super-high-yield, we put forward a concept of " Two high and one early",which means high biomass and high efficiency of light energy conversion, as wellas fast growing in the early growth stage. The agronomic characters of 15 U. S展开更多
In 2022,China’ s actual utilized foreign capital reached a historical high.According to the data released by the State Council Information Office,China’s actual use of foreign capital continued to increase in 2022,r...In 2022,China’ s actual utilized foreign capital reached a historical high.According to the data released by the State Council Information Office,China’s actual use of foreign capital continued to increase in 2022,reaching RMB 1.2trillion,which is a new high historically.展开更多
Equilibrium moisture contents (EMC) of wood species are very necessary in the utilization of these in service. This study investigated the EMC of five lesser utilized species of Ghana and compared it with that of thre...Equilibrium moisture contents (EMC) of wood species are very necessary in the utilization of these in service. This study investigated the EMC of five lesser utilized species of Ghana and compared it with that of three European species. Sixteen randomly sampled specimens of each of the eight species (heartwood and sapwood) with dimensions 3 cm × 3 cm × 3 cm were exposed at various relative humidity conditions of 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% and 90% in a temperature and humidity-controlled climate chamber at a temperature of 25°C in accordance to German standard DIN 52182. The species are Albies alba, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies which are European species and Amphimas pterocarpoides, Antiaris toxicaria, Canarium schweinfurthii, Celtis zenkeri and Cola gigantea are wood species from Ghana. Internal wood temperature and humidity were measured with datalogger. Samples were considered to have reached equilibrium at any given humidity when the daily weight changes were less than 0.1 mg according to German standard DIN 52183. After the last measurements of the weight changes, the samples were dried at 103°C until there was a constant weight. The five tropical hardwoods had low sorption values recorded and high sorption values for the European species and this could be attributed to differences in the microstructure of these woods.展开更多
Stabilizing the Zn anode under high utilization rates is highly applauded yet very challenging in aqueous Zn batteries.Here,we rationally design a zincophilic short-chain aromatic molecule,4-mercaptopyridine(4Mpy),to ...Stabilizing the Zn anode under high utilization rates is highly applauded yet very challenging in aqueous Zn batteries.Here,we rationally design a zincophilic short-chain aromatic molecule,4-mercaptopyridine(4Mpy),to construct self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)on a copper substrate to achieve highly utilized Zn anodes.We reveal that 4Mpy could be firmly bound on the Cu substrate via Cu–S bond to form compact and uniform SAMs,which could effectively isolate the water on the electrode surface and thus eliminate the water-related side reactions.In addition,the short-chain aromatic ring structure of 4Mpy could not only ensure the ordered arrangement of zincophilic pyridine N but also facilitate charge transfer,thus enabling uniform and rapid Zn deposition.Consequently,the Zn/4Mpy/Cu electrode not only enables the symmetric cell to stably cycle for over 180 h at 10 mA cm^(-2) under a high depth-of-discharge of 90%,but also allows the MnO_(2)-paired pouch cell to survive for 100 cycles under a high Zn utilization rate of 78.8%.An anode-free 4Mpy/Cu||graphite cell also operates for 150 cycles without obvious capacity fading at 0.1 A g^(-1).This control of interfacial chemistry via SAMs to achieve high utilization rates of metal anodes provides a new paradigm for developing high-energy metal-based batteries.展开更多
The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,th...The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,there is a lack of empirical assessments of early opportunities for CCUS implementation in the cement sector.In this study,a comprehensive onshore and offshore source–sink matching optimization assessment framework for CCUS retrofitting in the cement industry,called the SSM-Cement framework,is proposed.The framework comprises four main modules:the cement plant suitability screening module,the storage site assessment module,the source–sink matching optimization model module,and the economic assessment module.By applying this framework to China,919 candidates are initially screened from 1132 existing cement plants.Further,603 CCUS-ready cement plants are identified,and are found to achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 18.5 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060 by meeting the CCUS feasibility conditions for constructing both onshore and offshore CO_(2) transportation routes.The levelized cost of cement(LCOC)is found to range from 30 to 96(mean 73)USD·(t cement)^(-1),while the levelized carbon avoidance cost(LCAC)ranges from^(-5) to 140(mean 88)USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).The northeastern and northwestern regions of China are considered priority areas for CCUS implementation,with the LCAC concentrated in the range of 35 to 70 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).In addition to onshore storage of 15.8 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060,offshore storage would contribute 2.7 Gt of decarbonization for coastal cement plants,with comparable LCACs around 90 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).展开更多
The search for new research ideas is a central challenge for many scientists.Over the past four decades,I have formed opinions on methods for discerning promising paths from how my own work has advanced in fits and st...The search for new research ideas is a central challenge for many scientists.Over the past four decades,I have formed opinions on methods for discerning promising paths from how my own work has advanced in fits and starts.I list five criteria whose relevance and utility I have assessed based on my checkered history of research.展开更多
Increasing the grain yield(GY) and water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat in the Huaibei Plain(HP), China are essential. However, the effects of micro-sprinkler irrigation and topsoil compaction after wheat seed so...Increasing the grain yield(GY) and water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat in the Huaibei Plain(HP), China are essential. However, the effects of micro-sprinkler irrigation and topsoil compaction after wheat seed sowing on the GY and WUE are unclear. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted during the 2021–2023 winter wheat growing seasons with a total six treatments: rain-fed(RF), conventional irrigation(CI) and micro-sprinkler irrigation(MI), as well as topsoil compaction after seed sowing under these three irrigation methods(RFC, CIC, and MIC). The results in the two years indicated that MI significantly increased GY compared to CI and RF, by averages of 17.9 and 42.1%, respectively. The increase in GY of MI was due to its significant increases in the number of spikes, kernels per spike, and grain weight. The chlorophyll concentration in flag leaves of MI after the anthesis stage maintained higher levels than with CI and RF, and was the lowest in RF. This was due to the dramatically enhanced catalase and peroxidase activities and lower malondialdehyde content under MI. Compared with RF and CI, MI significantly promoted dry matter remobilization and production after anthesis, as well as its contribution to GY. In addition, MI significantly boosted root growth, and root activity during the grain-filling stage was remarkably enhanced compared to CI and RF. In 2021–2022, there was no significant difference in WUE between MI and RF, but the WUE of RF was significantly lower than that of MI in 2022–2023. However, the WUE in MI was significantly improved compared to CI, and it increased by averages of 15.1 and 17.6% for the two years. Topsoil compaction significantly increased GY and WUE under rain-fed conditions due to improved spike numbers and dry matter production. Overall, topsoil compaction is advisable for enhancing GY and WUE in rain-fed conditions, whereas micro-sprinkler irrigation can be adopted to simultaneously achieve high GY and WUE in the HP.展开更多
Ball milling is an environmentally friendly technology for the remediation of petroleumcontaminated soil(PCS),but the cleanup of organic pollutants requires a long time,and the post-remediation soil needs an economica...Ball milling is an environmentally friendly technology for the remediation of petroleumcontaminated soil(PCS),but the cleanup of organic pollutants requires a long time,and the post-remediation soil needs an economically viable disposal/reuse strategy due to its vast volume.The present paper develops a ball milling process under oxygen atmosphere to enhance PCS remediation and reuse the obtained carbonized soil(BCS-O)as wastewater treatment materials.The total petroleum hydrocarbon removal rates by ball milling under vacuum,air,and oxygen atmospheres are 39.83%,55.21%,and 93.84%,respectively.The Langmuir and pseudo second-order models satisfactorily describe the adsorption capacity and behavior of BCS-O for transition metals.The Cu^(2+),Ni^(2+),and Mn^(2+)adsorbed onto BCS-O were mainly bound to metal carbonates and metal oxides.Furthermore,BCS-O can effectively activate persulfate(PDS)oxidation to degrade aniline,while BCS-O loaded with transition metal(BCS-O-Me)shows better activation efficiency and reusability.BCS-O and BCS-O-Me activated PDS oxidation systems are dominated by^(1)O_(2)oxidation and electron transfer.The main active sites are oxygen-containing functional groups,vacancy defects,and graphitized carbon.The oxygen-containing functional groups and vacancy defects primarily activate PDS to generate^(1)O_(2)and attack aniline.Graphitized carbon promotes aniline degradation by accelerating electron transfer.The paper develops an innovative strategy to simultaneously realize efficient remediation of PCS and sequential reuse of the postremediation soil.展开更多
Background There is a growing focus on using various plant-derived agricultural by-products to increase the benefits of pig farming,but these feedstuffs are fibrous in nature.This study investigated the relationship b...Background There is a growing focus on using various plant-derived agricultural by-products to increase the benefits of pig farming,but these feedstuffs are fibrous in nature.This study investigated the relationship between dietary fiber physicochemical properties and feedstuff fermentation characteristics and their effects on nutrient utilization,energy metabolism,and gut microbiota in growing pigs.Methods Thirty-six growing barrows(47.2±1.5 kg)were randomly allotted to 6 dietary treatments with 2 apparent viscosity levels and 3β-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios.In the experiment,nutrient utilization,energy metabolism,fecal microbial community,and production and absorption of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)of pigs were investigated.In vitro digestion and fermentation models were used to compare the fermentation characteristics of feedstuffs and ileal digesta in the pig’s hindgut.Results The production dynamics of SCFA and dry matter corrected gas production of different feedstuffs during in vitro fermentation were different and closely related to the physical properties and chemical structure of the fiber.In animal experiments,increasing the dietary apparent viscosity and theβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios both increased the apparent ileal digestibility(AID),apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD),and hindgut digestibility of fiber components while decreasing the AID and ATTD of dry matter and organic matter(P<0.05).In addition,increasing dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios both increased gas exchange,heat production,and protein oxidation,and decreased energy deposition(P<0.05).The dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucanto-arabinoxylan ratios had linear interaction effects on the digestible energy,metabolizable energy,retained energy(RE),and net energy(NE)of the diets(P<0.05).At the same time,the increase of dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios both increased SCFA production and absorption(P<0.05).Increasing the dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios increased the diversity and abundance of bacteria(P<0.05)and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.Furthermore,increasing the dietaryβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios led to a linear increase in SCFA production during the in vitro fermentation of ileal digesta(P<0.001).Finally,the prediction equations for RE and NE were established.Conclusion Dietary fiber physicochemical properties alter dietary fermentation patterns and regulate nutrient utilization,energy metabolism,and pig gut microbiota composition and metabolites.展开更多
Coal-based soild wastes(CBSWs)are industrial byproducts that can be harmful to the environment.The exploitation and utilization of CBsWs offer societal advantages such as resource conservation,pollution reduction,and ...Coal-based soild wastes(CBSWs)are industrial byproducts that can be harmful to the environment.The exploitation and utilization of CBsWs offer societal advantages such as resource conservation,pollution reduction,and cost-effective production.However,environmentally sustainable management remains a worldwide challenge due to the substantial production volume and limited disposal capacity of CBSWs.The physicochemical properties and utilization of CBSWs are summarized,including fly ash,coal gangue and coal gasification slag.It also presents the current global applications status of CBSWs resources and examines market supply and demand.Subsequently,the paper provides an overview of studies on ways to utilise CBSWs,highlighting the primary avenues of CBSWs resource utilization which are mainly from the fields of chemical materials,metallurgy and agriculture.Furthermore,a comparative evaluation of the various methods for CBSWs resource recovery is conducted,outlining their respective advantages and disadvantages.The future development of CBSWs recycling processes is also discussed.The review concludes that while there is a growing need for attention in CBSWs recycling,its utilization will involve a combination of both large-scale treatment and refinement processes.The paper aims to offer references and insights for the effective utilization and environmental protection of CBSWs.Future direction will focus on the collaborative utilization of CBSWs,emphasizing on the combination of large-scale and high-value utilization.In addition,there is a need to establish a comprehensive database based on on-site production practices,explore on-site solutions to reduce transportation costs,and improve physicochemical properties during the production process.展开更多
Present industrial decarbonization technologies require an active CO_(2)-concentration system,often based on lime reaction or amine binding reactions,which is energy intensive and carries a high CO_(2)-footprint.Here ...Present industrial decarbonization technologies require an active CO_(2)-concentration system,often based on lime reaction or amine binding reactions,which is energy intensive and carries a high CO_(2)-footprint.Here instead,an effective process without active CO_(2)concentration is demonstrated in a new process-termed IC2CNT(Insulationdiffusion facilitated CO_(2) to Carbon Nanomaterial Technology)decarbonization process.Molten carbonates such as Li_(2)CO_(3)(mp 723℃)are highly insoluble to industrial feed gas principal components(N2,O_(2),and H2O).However,CO_(2) can readily dissolve and react in molten carbonates.We have recently characterized high CO_(2) diffusion rates through porous aluminosilicate and calcium-magnesium silicate thermal insulations.Here,the CO_(2) in ambient feed gas passes through these membranes into molten Li_(2)CO_(3).The membrane also concurrently insulates the feed gas from the hot molten carbonate chamber,obviating the need to heat the(non-CO_(2))majority of the feed gas to high temperature.In this insulation facilitated decarbonization process CO_(2)is split by electrolysis in the molten carbonate producing sequestered,high-purity carbon nanomaterials(such as CNTs)and O_(2).展开更多
The retina plays a fundamental role in the process of vision,serving as the primary interface between external visual stimuli and the central nervous system.Because the retina is exposed to a variety of environmental ...The retina plays a fundamental role in the process of vision,serving as the primary interface between external visual stimuli and the central nervous system.Because the retina is exposed to a variety of environmental stresses and deleterious insults,it is susceptible to a spectrum of pathological conditions that can detrimentally affect vision.This often leads to irreversible vision loss due to the injury of specific cell types.For instance,inherited retinal degeneration and age-related macular degeneration can lead to the death of photoreceptors,while conditions like glaucoma and optic nerve injury can result in the loss of ganglion cells.The precise pathological mechanisms driving retinal degeneration remain largely elusive,although research utilizing mouse models suggests that disruptions in intracellular signal transduction pathways may play a pivotal role.Signaling pathways within the retina orchestrate various aspects of retinal physiology,including phototransduction,synaptic transmission,and neuronal survival.展开更多
1.Introduction As China’s first floating production platform in ultra-deepwater,the“Deep Sea No.1”energy station is a milestone in China’s deepwater resource utilization.The energy station is located in the LS17-2...1.Introduction As China’s first floating production platform in ultra-deepwater,the“Deep Sea No.1”energy station is a milestone in China’s deepwater resource utilization.The energy station is located in the LS17-2 gas field,150 km off the southeast coast of Hainan Island,China.It is a semi-submersible platform(Fig.1)with a displacement of 101 thousand tonnes and an operational draft of 35 to 40 m.The platform is permanently moored in 1422 m water by 16 chain-polyester-chain mooring lines in a 4×4 pattern,and six steel catenary risers(SCRs)are attached to the platform.It is the world’s first and only semi-submersible platform with the function of condensate storage,so it can be regarded as a floating production storage and offloading(FPSO)unit.With the ability to produce 3 billion m3 of natural gas each year(enough for over 10 million families),the Deep Sea No.1 energy station is a key step toward China’s energy independence.The LS17-2 gas field,where the Deep Sea No.1 energy station is located,was discovered in 2014.Plans for its development were made in 2015,followed by research and a preliminary design.Deep Sea No.1 went into operation on June 25,2021,and will operate onsite continuously without dry-docking for 30 years.展开更多
This letter critically evaluates Jiang et al's article on the differentiation of benign and malignant liver lesions using Emax and platelet count.Despite notable findings,significant methodological and interpretat...This letter critically evaluates Jiang et al's article on the differentiation of benign and malignant liver lesions using Emax and platelet count.Despite notable findings,significant methodological and interpretative limitations are identified.The study lacks detailed assay conditions for Emax measurement,employs inadequate statistical methods without robust multivariate analysis,and does not provide clinically relevant threshold values.The nomogram's reliance on Emax as a major diagnostic contributor is questionable due to attenuation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with cirrhosis.Moreover,the study's limitations,such as selection bias and confounding factors,are not adequately addressed.Future research should adopt more rigorous methodologies,including prospective studies with larger cohorts and standardized protocols for biomarker measurement,to enhance validity and clinical applicability.展开更多
In this paper,we study the optimal investment problem of an insurer whose surplus process follows the diffusion approximation of the classical Cramer-Lundberg model.Investment in the foreign markets is allowed,and the...In this paper,we study the optimal investment problem of an insurer whose surplus process follows the diffusion approximation of the classical Cramer-Lundberg model.Investment in the foreign markets is allowed,and therefore,the foreign exchange rate model is incorporated.Under the allowing of selling and borrowing,the problem of maximizing the expected exponential utility of terminal wealth is studied.By solving the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations,the optimal investment strategies and value functions are obtained.Finally,numerical analysis is presented.展开更多
With ongoing global warming and increasing energy demands,the CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming reaction(dry reforming of methane,DRM)has garnered significant attention as a promising carbon capture and utilization technology.Ni...With ongoing global warming and increasing energy demands,the CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming reaction(dry reforming of methane,DRM)has garnered significant attention as a promising carbon capture and utilization technology.Nickel-based catalysts are renowned for their outstanding activity and selectivity in this process.The impact of metal-support interaction(MSI),on Ni-based catalyst performance has been extensively researched and debated recently.This paper reviews the recent research progress of MSI on Ni-based catalysts and their characterization and modulation strategies in catalytic reactions.From the perspective of MSI,the effects of different carriers(metal oxides,carbon materials and molecular sieves,etc.)are introduced on the dispersion and surface structure of Ni active metal particles,and the effect of MSI on the activity and stability of DRM reactions on Ni-based catalysts is discussed in detail.Future research should focus on better understanding and controlling MSI to improve the performance and durability of nickel-based catalysts in CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming,advancing cleaner energy technologies.展开更多
With the rapid growth of the global population and the increasing demand for healthier diets,improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of staple food crops has become a critical scientific and industrial chal-leng...With the rapid growth of the global population and the increasing demand for healthier diets,improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of staple food crops has become a critical scientific and industrial chal-lenge,prompting innovation in food processing technologies.This review introduces first the common nutritional challenges in the processing of staple food crops,followed by the comprehensive examination of research aiming to enhance the nutritional quality of staple food crop-based foods through innovative processing technologies,including microwave(MW),pulsed electric field(PEF),ultrasound,modern fer-mentation technology,and enzyme technology.Additionally,soybean processing is used as an example to underscore the importance of integrating innovative processing technologies for optimizing nutrient utilization in staple food crops.Although these innovative processing technologies have demonstrated a significant potential to improve nutrient utilization efficiency and enhance the overall nutritional pro-file of staple food crop-based food products,their current limitations must be acknowledged and addressed in future research.Fortunately,advancements in science and technology will facilitate pro-gress in food processing,enabling both the improvement of existing techniques as well as the develop-ment of entirely novel methodologies.This work aims to enhance the understanding of food practitioners on the way processing technologies may optimize nutrient utilization,thereby fostering innovation in food processing research and synergistic multi-technological strategies,ultimately providing valuable references to address global food security challenges.展开更多
Highly energy-efficient buildings have generated remarkable interest over the last few years.There is a need for simulation based effective control systems for efficient usage of electrical and fossil fuel driven devi...Highly energy-efficient buildings have generated remarkable interest over the last few years.There is a need for simulation based effective control systems for efficient usage of electrical and fossil fuel driven devices,as they contribute to energy-efficient buildings and assist in gaining flexibility for the human occupancy-based energy loads.In this context,the integrated energy profile of a building can be ascertained by effective research approaches,as this knowledge would be beneficial to understand the demographics with respect to human occupancy and activities,as well as estimate varying energy consumption over time.Utility data from Smart Meter(SM)readings can reveal detailed information that could be mapped to predict resident occupancy and the usage patterns of specific types of appliances over desired time intervals.This research develops a user-driven simulation tool with realistic data acquisition options and assumptions of potential human behavior to determine energy usage patterns over time without the utility billing information.In this work,factors such as level of human occupancy,the possibility of space being occupied,thermostat settings,building envelope infrastructural aspects,types of appliances used in households,appliance energy related capacities,and the probability of using each appliance is considered,along with variance in weather,and heating-cooling systems specifications.For five specific benchmarked scenarios,the range of the random numbers is specified based on assumed potential human behavior for occupancy and energy-consuming appliances usage probabilities,with respect to the time of the day,weekday,and weekends.The simulation is developed using the Visual Basic Application(VBA)^(R)in Microsoft Excel^(R),based on the discrete-event Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS).The simulated energy usage and the cost are reflected in the sensitivity analysis by comparing factors such as the level of human occupancy,appliance type,and time intervals.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Social Science Fund(06XMZ014)~~
文摘Using gradually regression analysis to establish the driving force model of utilized change of cultivated land in Gonghe County, and using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system dynamics method to inspect the effect of driving changing on cultivated land change under different change situations. Driving factors, action mechanism and process of utilized change of cultivated land were analyzed from the county territory scale level. At last, some corresponding policies and measures were put forward.
基金Supported by The Regional Sustainable Development of the Qing-TibetPlateau(2004)~~
文摘Using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system dynamics method to study the driving force of cultivated land in Qinghai Lake Area, and using gradually regression analysis to establish the driving force model of utilized change of cultivated land. Driving factors, action mechanism and process of utilized change of cultivated land were analyzed, and the differences during all factors were compared. The study provides some decision basis for sustainable utilization and management of land resources in Qinghai Lake Area.
文摘The yield potential of current rice varieties has reached a high plateau and fluc-tuated within a narrow range. Based on the theory and practice of rice breedingfor super-high-yield, we put forward a concept of " Two high and one early",which means high biomass and high efficiency of light energy conversion, as wellas fast growing in the early growth stage. The agronomic characters of 15 U. S
文摘In 2022,China’ s actual utilized foreign capital reached a historical high.According to the data released by the State Council Information Office,China’s actual use of foreign capital continued to increase in 2022,reaching RMB 1.2trillion,which is a new high historically.
文摘Equilibrium moisture contents (EMC) of wood species are very necessary in the utilization of these in service. This study investigated the EMC of five lesser utilized species of Ghana and compared it with that of three European species. Sixteen randomly sampled specimens of each of the eight species (heartwood and sapwood) with dimensions 3 cm × 3 cm × 3 cm were exposed at various relative humidity conditions of 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% and 90% in a temperature and humidity-controlled climate chamber at a temperature of 25°C in accordance to German standard DIN 52182. The species are Albies alba, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies which are European species and Amphimas pterocarpoides, Antiaris toxicaria, Canarium schweinfurthii, Celtis zenkeri and Cola gigantea are wood species from Ghana. Internal wood temperature and humidity were measured with datalogger. Samples were considered to have reached equilibrium at any given humidity when the daily weight changes were less than 0.1 mg according to German standard DIN 52183. After the last measurements of the weight changes, the samples were dried at 103°C until there was a constant weight. The five tropical hardwoods had low sorption values recorded and high sorption values for the European species and this could be attributed to differences in the microstructure of these woods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379041,52103313)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2402400)+1 种基金The Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023RC1045)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JJ30094).
文摘Stabilizing the Zn anode under high utilization rates is highly applauded yet very challenging in aqueous Zn batteries.Here,we rationally design a zincophilic short-chain aromatic molecule,4-mercaptopyridine(4Mpy),to construct self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)on a copper substrate to achieve highly utilized Zn anodes.We reveal that 4Mpy could be firmly bound on the Cu substrate via Cu–S bond to form compact and uniform SAMs,which could effectively isolate the water on the electrode surface and thus eliminate the water-related side reactions.In addition,the short-chain aromatic ring structure of 4Mpy could not only ensure the ordered arrangement of zincophilic pyridine N but also facilitate charge transfer,thus enabling uniform and rapid Zn deposition.Consequently,the Zn/4Mpy/Cu electrode not only enables the symmetric cell to stably cycle for over 180 h at 10 mA cm^(-2) under a high depth-of-discharge of 90%,but also allows the MnO_(2)-paired pouch cell to survive for 100 cycles under a high Zn utilization rate of 78.8%.An anode-free 4Mpy/Cu||graphite cell also operates for 150 cycles without obvious capacity fading at 0.1 A g^(-1).This control of interfacial chemistry via SAMs to achieve high utilization rates of metal anodes provides a new paradigm for developing high-energy metal-based batteries.
基金financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(72174196 and 71874193)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining(SKLCRSM21KFA05)National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals.
文摘The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,there is a lack of empirical assessments of early opportunities for CCUS implementation in the cement sector.In this study,a comprehensive onshore and offshore source–sink matching optimization assessment framework for CCUS retrofitting in the cement industry,called the SSM-Cement framework,is proposed.The framework comprises four main modules:the cement plant suitability screening module,the storage site assessment module,the source–sink matching optimization model module,and the economic assessment module.By applying this framework to China,919 candidates are initially screened from 1132 existing cement plants.Further,603 CCUS-ready cement plants are identified,and are found to achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 18.5 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060 by meeting the CCUS feasibility conditions for constructing both onshore and offshore CO_(2) transportation routes.The levelized cost of cement(LCOC)is found to range from 30 to 96(mean 73)USD·(t cement)^(-1),while the levelized carbon avoidance cost(LCAC)ranges from^(-5) to 140(mean 88)USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).The northeastern and northwestern regions of China are considered priority areas for CCUS implementation,with the LCAC concentrated in the range of 35 to 70 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).In addition to onshore storage of 15.8 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060,offshore storage would contribute 2.7 Gt of decarbonization for coastal cement plants,with comparable LCACs around 90 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).
文摘The search for new research ideas is a central challenge for many scientists.Over the past four decades,I have formed opinions on methods for discerning promising paths from how my own work has advanced in fits and starts.I list five criteria whose relevance and utility I have assessed based on my checkered history of research.
基金funding from the Scientific Research Program of the Higher Educational Institutions in Anhui Province, China (2023AH050986)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China (240805MC063)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172119)the Talent Introduction Project of Anhui Agricultural University, China (rc312212 and yj2019-01)。
文摘Increasing the grain yield(GY) and water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat in the Huaibei Plain(HP), China are essential. However, the effects of micro-sprinkler irrigation and topsoil compaction after wheat seed sowing on the GY and WUE are unclear. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted during the 2021–2023 winter wheat growing seasons with a total six treatments: rain-fed(RF), conventional irrigation(CI) and micro-sprinkler irrigation(MI), as well as topsoil compaction after seed sowing under these three irrigation methods(RFC, CIC, and MIC). The results in the two years indicated that MI significantly increased GY compared to CI and RF, by averages of 17.9 and 42.1%, respectively. The increase in GY of MI was due to its significant increases in the number of spikes, kernels per spike, and grain weight. The chlorophyll concentration in flag leaves of MI after the anthesis stage maintained higher levels than with CI and RF, and was the lowest in RF. This was due to the dramatically enhanced catalase and peroxidase activities and lower malondialdehyde content under MI. Compared with RF and CI, MI significantly promoted dry matter remobilization and production after anthesis, as well as its contribution to GY. In addition, MI significantly boosted root growth, and root activity during the grain-filling stage was remarkably enhanced compared to CI and RF. In 2021–2022, there was no significant difference in WUE between MI and RF, but the WUE of RF was significantly lower than that of MI in 2022–2023. However, the WUE in MI was significantly improved compared to CI, and it increased by averages of 15.1 and 17.6% for the two years. Topsoil compaction significantly increased GY and WUE under rain-fed conditions due to improved spike numbers and dry matter production. Overall, topsoil compaction is advisable for enhancing GY and WUE in rain-fed conditions, whereas micro-sprinkler irrigation can be adopted to simultaneously achieve high GY and WUE in the HP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41772240)the Key Research and Development program of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2021637).
文摘Ball milling is an environmentally friendly technology for the remediation of petroleumcontaminated soil(PCS),but the cleanup of organic pollutants requires a long time,and the post-remediation soil needs an economically viable disposal/reuse strategy due to its vast volume.The present paper develops a ball milling process under oxygen atmosphere to enhance PCS remediation and reuse the obtained carbonized soil(BCS-O)as wastewater treatment materials.The total petroleum hydrocarbon removal rates by ball milling under vacuum,air,and oxygen atmospheres are 39.83%,55.21%,and 93.84%,respectively.The Langmuir and pseudo second-order models satisfactorily describe the adsorption capacity and behavior of BCS-O for transition metals.The Cu^(2+),Ni^(2+),and Mn^(2+)adsorbed onto BCS-O were mainly bound to metal carbonates and metal oxides.Furthermore,BCS-O can effectively activate persulfate(PDS)oxidation to degrade aniline,while BCS-O loaded with transition metal(BCS-O-Me)shows better activation efficiency and reusability.BCS-O and BCS-O-Me activated PDS oxidation systems are dominated by^(1)O_(2)oxidation and electron transfer.The main active sites are oxygen-containing functional groups,vacancy defects,and graphitized carbon.The oxygen-containing functional groups and vacancy defects primarily activate PDS to generate^(1)O_(2)and attack aniline.Graphitized carbon promotes aniline degradation by accelerating electron transfer.The paper develops an innovative strategy to simultaneously realize efficient remediation of PCS and sequential reuse of the postremediation soil.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2021YFD1300201)Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology Innovation Platform and Talent Special Project(No.20230508090RC).
文摘Background There is a growing focus on using various plant-derived agricultural by-products to increase the benefits of pig farming,but these feedstuffs are fibrous in nature.This study investigated the relationship between dietary fiber physicochemical properties and feedstuff fermentation characteristics and their effects on nutrient utilization,energy metabolism,and gut microbiota in growing pigs.Methods Thirty-six growing barrows(47.2±1.5 kg)were randomly allotted to 6 dietary treatments with 2 apparent viscosity levels and 3β-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios.In the experiment,nutrient utilization,energy metabolism,fecal microbial community,and production and absorption of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)of pigs were investigated.In vitro digestion and fermentation models were used to compare the fermentation characteristics of feedstuffs and ileal digesta in the pig’s hindgut.Results The production dynamics of SCFA and dry matter corrected gas production of different feedstuffs during in vitro fermentation were different and closely related to the physical properties and chemical structure of the fiber.In animal experiments,increasing the dietary apparent viscosity and theβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios both increased the apparent ileal digestibility(AID),apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD),and hindgut digestibility of fiber components while decreasing the AID and ATTD of dry matter and organic matter(P<0.05).In addition,increasing dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios both increased gas exchange,heat production,and protein oxidation,and decreased energy deposition(P<0.05).The dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucanto-arabinoxylan ratios had linear interaction effects on the digestible energy,metabolizable energy,retained energy(RE),and net energy(NE)of the diets(P<0.05).At the same time,the increase of dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios both increased SCFA production and absorption(P<0.05).Increasing the dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios increased the diversity and abundance of bacteria(P<0.05)and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.Furthermore,increasing the dietaryβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios led to a linear increase in SCFA production during the in vitro fermentation of ileal digesta(P<0.001).Finally,the prediction equations for RE and NE were established.Conclusion Dietary fiber physicochemical properties alter dietary fermentation patterns and regulate nutrient utilization,energy metabolism,and pig gut microbiota composition and metabolites.
基金supported by the following:“National Natural Science Foundation of China”(22478231)“Natural Science Foundation of Henan”(242300421449)“Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province”(202403021221011).
文摘Coal-based soild wastes(CBSWs)are industrial byproducts that can be harmful to the environment.The exploitation and utilization of CBsWs offer societal advantages such as resource conservation,pollution reduction,and cost-effective production.However,environmentally sustainable management remains a worldwide challenge due to the substantial production volume and limited disposal capacity of CBSWs.The physicochemical properties and utilization of CBSWs are summarized,including fly ash,coal gangue and coal gasification slag.It also presents the current global applications status of CBSWs resources and examines market supply and demand.Subsequently,the paper provides an overview of studies on ways to utilise CBSWs,highlighting the primary avenues of CBSWs resource utilization which are mainly from the fields of chemical materials,metallurgy and agriculture.Furthermore,a comparative evaluation of the various methods for CBSWs resource recovery is conducted,outlining their respective advantages and disadvantages.The future development of CBSWs recycling processes is also discussed.The review concludes that while there is a growing need for attention in CBSWs recycling,its utilization will involve a combination of both large-scale treatment and refinement processes.The paper aims to offer references and insights for the effective utilization and environmental protection of CBSWs.Future direction will focus on the collaborative utilization of CBSWs,emphasizing on the combination of large-scale and high-value utilization.In addition,there is a need to establish a comprehensive database based on on-site production practices,explore on-site solutions to reduce transportation costs,and improve physicochemical properties during the production process.
文摘Present industrial decarbonization technologies require an active CO_(2)-concentration system,often based on lime reaction or amine binding reactions,which is energy intensive and carries a high CO_(2)-footprint.Here instead,an effective process without active CO_(2)concentration is demonstrated in a new process-termed IC2CNT(Insulationdiffusion facilitated CO_(2) to Carbon Nanomaterial Technology)decarbonization process.Molten carbonates such as Li_(2)CO_(3)(mp 723℃)are highly insoluble to industrial feed gas principal components(N2,O_(2),and H2O).However,CO_(2) can readily dissolve and react in molten carbonates.We have recently characterized high CO_(2) diffusion rates through porous aluminosilicate and calcium-magnesium silicate thermal insulations.Here,the CO_(2) in ambient feed gas passes through these membranes into molten Li_(2)CO_(3).The membrane also concurrently insulates the feed gas from the hot molten carbonate chamber,obviating the need to heat the(non-CO_(2))majority of the feed gas to high temperature.In this insulation facilitated decarbonization process CO_(2)is split by electrolysis in the molten carbonate producing sequestered,high-purity carbon nanomaterials(such as CNTs)and O_(2).
基金supported by National Science Center(Narodowe Centrum Nauki)grant No.UMO-2019/33/B/NZ4/00587 to TB.
文摘The retina plays a fundamental role in the process of vision,serving as the primary interface between external visual stimuli and the central nervous system.Because the retina is exposed to a variety of environmental stresses and deleterious insults,it is susceptible to a spectrum of pathological conditions that can detrimentally affect vision.This often leads to irreversible vision loss due to the injury of specific cell types.For instance,inherited retinal degeneration and age-related macular degeneration can lead to the death of photoreceptors,while conditions like glaucoma and optic nerve injury can result in the loss of ganglion cells.The precise pathological mechanisms driving retinal degeneration remain largely elusive,although research utilizing mouse models suggests that disruptions in intracellular signal transduction pathways may play a pivotal role.Signaling pathways within the retina orchestrate various aspects of retinal physiology,including phototransduction,synaptic transmission,and neuronal survival.
文摘1.Introduction As China’s first floating production platform in ultra-deepwater,the“Deep Sea No.1”energy station is a milestone in China’s deepwater resource utilization.The energy station is located in the LS17-2 gas field,150 km off the southeast coast of Hainan Island,China.It is a semi-submersible platform(Fig.1)with a displacement of 101 thousand tonnes and an operational draft of 35 to 40 m.The platform is permanently moored in 1422 m water by 16 chain-polyester-chain mooring lines in a 4×4 pattern,and six steel catenary risers(SCRs)are attached to the platform.It is the world’s first and only semi-submersible platform with the function of condensate storage,so it can be regarded as a floating production storage and offloading(FPSO)unit.With the ability to produce 3 billion m3 of natural gas each year(enough for over 10 million families),the Deep Sea No.1 energy station is a key step toward China’s energy independence.The LS17-2 gas field,where the Deep Sea No.1 energy station is located,was discovered in 2014.Plans for its development were made in 2015,followed by research and a preliminary design.Deep Sea No.1 went into operation on June 25,2021,and will operate onsite continuously without dry-docking for 30 years.
文摘This letter critically evaluates Jiang et al's article on the differentiation of benign and malignant liver lesions using Emax and platelet count.Despite notable findings,significant methodological and interpretative limitations are identified.The study lacks detailed assay conditions for Emax measurement,employs inadequate statistical methods without robust multivariate analysis,and does not provide clinically relevant threshold values.The nomogram's reliance on Emax as a major diagnostic contributor is questionable due to attenuation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with cirrhosis.Moreover,the study's limitations,such as selection bias and confounding factors,are not adequately addressed.Future research should adopt more rigorous methodologies,including prospective studies with larger cohorts and standardized protocols for biomarker measurement,to enhance validity and clinical applicability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12301603).
文摘In this paper,we study the optimal investment problem of an insurer whose surplus process follows the diffusion approximation of the classical Cramer-Lundberg model.Investment in the foreign markets is allowed,and therefore,the foreign exchange rate model is incorporated.Under the allowing of selling and borrowing,the problem of maximizing the expected exponential utility of terminal wealth is studied.By solving the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations,the optimal investment strategies and value functions are obtained.Finally,numerical analysis is presented.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202203021221155)the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Low Carbon Utilization of Coal(J23-24-902)。
文摘With ongoing global warming and increasing energy demands,the CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming reaction(dry reforming of methane,DRM)has garnered significant attention as a promising carbon capture and utilization technology.Nickel-based catalysts are renowned for their outstanding activity and selectivity in this process.The impact of metal-support interaction(MSI),on Ni-based catalyst performance has been extensively researched and debated recently.This paper reviews the recent research progress of MSI on Ni-based catalysts and their characterization and modulation strategies in catalytic reactions.From the perspective of MSI,the effects of different carriers(metal oxides,carbon materials and molecular sieves,etc.)are introduced on the dispersion and surface structure of Ni active metal particles,and the effect of MSI on the activity and stability of DRM reactions on Ni-based catalysts is discussed in detail.Future research should focus on better understanding and controlling MSI to improve the performance and durability of nickel-based catalysts in CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming,advancing cleaner energy technologies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2100205)the Fujian Province Science and Technology Plan Project,China(2023N3008).
文摘With the rapid growth of the global population and the increasing demand for healthier diets,improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of staple food crops has become a critical scientific and industrial chal-lenge,prompting innovation in food processing technologies.This review introduces first the common nutritional challenges in the processing of staple food crops,followed by the comprehensive examination of research aiming to enhance the nutritional quality of staple food crop-based foods through innovative processing technologies,including microwave(MW),pulsed electric field(PEF),ultrasound,modern fer-mentation technology,and enzyme technology.Additionally,soybean processing is used as an example to underscore the importance of integrating innovative processing technologies for optimizing nutrient utilization in staple food crops.Although these innovative processing technologies have demonstrated a significant potential to improve nutrient utilization efficiency and enhance the overall nutritional pro-file of staple food crop-based food products,their current limitations must be acknowledged and addressed in future research.Fortunately,advancements in science and technology will facilitate pro-gress in food processing,enabling both the improvement of existing techniques as well as the develop-ment of entirely novel methodologies.This work aims to enhance the understanding of food practitioners on the way processing technologies may optimize nutrient utilization,thereby fostering innovation in food processing research and synergistic multi-technological strategies,ultimately providing valuable references to address global food security challenges.
文摘Highly energy-efficient buildings have generated remarkable interest over the last few years.There is a need for simulation based effective control systems for efficient usage of electrical and fossil fuel driven devices,as they contribute to energy-efficient buildings and assist in gaining flexibility for the human occupancy-based energy loads.In this context,the integrated energy profile of a building can be ascertained by effective research approaches,as this knowledge would be beneficial to understand the demographics with respect to human occupancy and activities,as well as estimate varying energy consumption over time.Utility data from Smart Meter(SM)readings can reveal detailed information that could be mapped to predict resident occupancy and the usage patterns of specific types of appliances over desired time intervals.This research develops a user-driven simulation tool with realistic data acquisition options and assumptions of potential human behavior to determine energy usage patterns over time without the utility billing information.In this work,factors such as level of human occupancy,the possibility of space being occupied,thermostat settings,building envelope infrastructural aspects,types of appliances used in households,appliance energy related capacities,and the probability of using each appliance is considered,along with variance in weather,and heating-cooling systems specifications.For five specific benchmarked scenarios,the range of the random numbers is specified based on assumed potential human behavior for occupancy and energy-consuming appliances usage probabilities,with respect to the time of the day,weekday,and weekends.The simulation is developed using the Visual Basic Application(VBA)^(R)in Microsoft Excel^(R),based on the discrete-event Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS).The simulated energy usage and the cost are reflected in the sensitivity analysis by comparing factors such as the level of human occupancy,appliance type,and time intervals.
