I. Preface
Biomass includes the residues of agriculture, forest and stock breeding, as well as straw, algae and energy crops. In its broad meaning, biomass is a kind of organic matter produced by the photosynthesis of...I. Preface
Biomass includes the residues of agriculture, forest and stock breeding, as well as straw, algae and energy crops. In its broad meaning, biomass is a kind of organic matter produced by the photosynthesis of plants, which is not only renewable, but also contains plentiful energy.展开更多
Deep geothermal resources mainly refer to the thermal energy stored in subsurface rocks and fluids therein at a depth of 3-10 km,which is a kind of renewable and sustainable clean energy unaffected by weather and seas...Deep geothermal resources mainly refer to the thermal energy stored in subsurface rocks and fluids therein at a depth of 3-10 km,which is a kind of renewable and sustainable clean energy unaffected by weather and seasonal changes.Large scale exploitation of the deep geothermal resources is of great significance to ensuring national energy security and achieving the“Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality”.Based on the latest terrestrial heat flow data,this paper estimated the potential of deep geothermal resources in the terrestrial areas of China,and the results show that the total amount of geothermal resources within 3e10 km under the Earth's surface in the terrestrial areas of China is 24.6×10^(15)GJ.In line with climate zones categorized,the geothermal resource proportion is 43.81%for severe cold regions,29.19%for cold regions,6.92%for mild regions,13.82%for hot summer and cold winter regions,and 6.26%for hot summer and warm winter regions.Statistics according to the burial depth range reveal that the resources within depth ranges of 3-5 km,5-7 km and 7-10 km under the Earth's surface are 4.3119×10^(15)GJ,6.37674×10^(15)GJ and 13.89594×10^(15)GJ respectively,showing an increasing trend of geothermal potential with increasing burial depth.The deep geothermal resources are mainly of medium-to-high temperature reserves,and the energy supply strategy can be optimized by combining the climate conditions and population distribution,as well as considering power generation.In regions of cold or severe cold climate,the geothermal resources may be applied to geothermal power generation and district heating in combination;in regions of hot summer and cold winter or mild climates,the resources can be used for geothermal power generation combined with cooling and heating;in regions of hot summer and warm winter climates,the resources may be applied to geothermal power generation combined with cooling and industrial and agricultural utilization.Exploitation of deep geothermal resources also can be combined with carbon dioxide sequestration,multi-mineral resources extraction and energy storage to realize comprehensive exploitation and utilization of various energy resources.It is suggested that theoretical technology research should be combined with pilot tests and field demonstrations,and large-scale economic exploitation of deep geothermal resources should be arranged in a coordinated manner,following the principles of overall planning and step-by-step implementation.展开更多
In the context of globalization,the importance of teaching English as a common language in the world becomes increasingly apparent.Applied Linguistics belongs to one of the sub-disciplines of linguistics,which plays a...In the context of globalization,the importance of teaching English as a common language in the world becomes increasingly apparent.Applied Linguistics belongs to one of the sub-disciplines of linguistics,which plays an important role in contemporary English teaching.The knowledge of applied linguistics can help students learn the grammar,semantics,vocabulary,writing,and other contents in English,deepen their knowledge and understanding of English,and enhance the effectiveness of English teaching.This paper mainly describes the important role played by English linguistics in English teaching and focuses on its utilization strategies in the hope of providing references on this topic.展开更多
The survival and mortality of conifer trees in response to climate change,particularly drought stress,have received considerable attention.However,it is crucial to explore the growth dynamics of the same conifer speci...The survival and mortality of conifer trees in response to climate change,particularly drought stress,have received considerable attention.However,it is crucial to explore the growth dynamics of the same conifer species in response to climate change in different climatic habitats.In this study,we aimed to quantify variations in the radial growth processes of conifer species,analyze their resilience during drought periods under different climatic habitats,and assess the impact of climate adaptation on conifer growth.We focused on two conifer species,Picea crassifolia(spruce)and Pinus tabuliformis(pine),which are distributed in both a humid habitat and a dry habitat in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.Growth and resilience dynamics were identified across both climatic habitats and the contributions of temperature and moisture to the growth of the two species were simulated under drought stress using the VS-oscilloscope model.Spruce growth exhibited significant variability between climatic habitats.Specifically,the spruce growth rate declined in response to drought in the dry habitat(-0.91 cm^(2)per decade,p<0.01).In contrast,pine growth remained relatively stable(humid habitat:-0.03 cm^(2)per decade;dry habitat:0.25 cm^(2)per decade,p>0.01),although it still responded to stress during the growing season(p<0.05).Furthermore,spruce displayed reduced resistance during stress in dry habitats(-30.11%),while pine exhibited an enhanced recovery of growth rates to ensure survival(+39.62%).The climate adaptation strategies of the species were linked to the contribution of temperature and moisture to their growth rates.Moisture is critical for the growth recovery of both conifers in dry habitats when temperature-associated growth displays a‘bimodal’pattern during the growing season.These findings have significant ecological implications for understanding conifer forest processes in the context of global climate change.展开更多
文摘I. Preface
Biomass includes the residues of agriculture, forest and stock breeding, as well as straw, algae and energy crops. In its broad meaning, biomass is a kind of organic matter produced by the photosynthesis of plants, which is not only renewable, but also contains plentiful energy.
基金supported by the Joint Petrochemical Fund project of National Natural Science Foundation of China”Deep Geological Processes and Resource Effects in the Basin”(Fund No.U20B6001).
文摘Deep geothermal resources mainly refer to the thermal energy stored in subsurface rocks and fluids therein at a depth of 3-10 km,which is a kind of renewable and sustainable clean energy unaffected by weather and seasonal changes.Large scale exploitation of the deep geothermal resources is of great significance to ensuring national energy security and achieving the“Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality”.Based on the latest terrestrial heat flow data,this paper estimated the potential of deep geothermal resources in the terrestrial areas of China,and the results show that the total amount of geothermal resources within 3e10 km under the Earth's surface in the terrestrial areas of China is 24.6×10^(15)GJ.In line with climate zones categorized,the geothermal resource proportion is 43.81%for severe cold regions,29.19%for cold regions,6.92%for mild regions,13.82%for hot summer and cold winter regions,and 6.26%for hot summer and warm winter regions.Statistics according to the burial depth range reveal that the resources within depth ranges of 3-5 km,5-7 km and 7-10 km under the Earth's surface are 4.3119×10^(15)GJ,6.37674×10^(15)GJ and 13.89594×10^(15)GJ respectively,showing an increasing trend of geothermal potential with increasing burial depth.The deep geothermal resources are mainly of medium-to-high temperature reserves,and the energy supply strategy can be optimized by combining the climate conditions and population distribution,as well as considering power generation.In regions of cold or severe cold climate,the geothermal resources may be applied to geothermal power generation and district heating in combination;in regions of hot summer and cold winter or mild climates,the resources can be used for geothermal power generation combined with cooling and heating;in regions of hot summer and warm winter climates,the resources may be applied to geothermal power generation combined with cooling and industrial and agricultural utilization.Exploitation of deep geothermal resources also can be combined with carbon dioxide sequestration,multi-mineral resources extraction and energy storage to realize comprehensive exploitation and utilization of various energy resources.It is suggested that theoretical technology research should be combined with pilot tests and field demonstrations,and large-scale economic exploitation of deep geothermal resources should be arranged in a coordinated manner,following the principles of overall planning and step-by-step implementation.
文摘In the context of globalization,the importance of teaching English as a common language in the world becomes increasingly apparent.Applied Linguistics belongs to one of the sub-disciplines of linguistics,which plays an important role in contemporary English teaching.The knowledge of applied linguistics can help students learn the grammar,semantics,vocabulary,writing,and other contents in English,deepen their knowledge and understanding of English,and enhance the effectiveness of English teaching.This paper mainly describes the important role played by English linguistics in English teaching and focuses on its utilization strategies in the hope of providing references on this topic.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42371038)the Basic Research Innovation Group Project of Gansu Province(No.22JR5RA129)+1 种基金the 2022 Major Scientific Research Project Cultivation Program of Northwest Normal University(No.WNU-LKZD2022-04)the 2022 Northwest Normal University Graduate Research Grant Program(No.2022KYZZ-B066).
文摘The survival and mortality of conifer trees in response to climate change,particularly drought stress,have received considerable attention.However,it is crucial to explore the growth dynamics of the same conifer species in response to climate change in different climatic habitats.In this study,we aimed to quantify variations in the radial growth processes of conifer species,analyze their resilience during drought periods under different climatic habitats,and assess the impact of climate adaptation on conifer growth.We focused on two conifer species,Picea crassifolia(spruce)and Pinus tabuliformis(pine),which are distributed in both a humid habitat and a dry habitat in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.Growth and resilience dynamics were identified across both climatic habitats and the contributions of temperature and moisture to the growth of the two species were simulated under drought stress using the VS-oscilloscope model.Spruce growth exhibited significant variability between climatic habitats.Specifically,the spruce growth rate declined in response to drought in the dry habitat(-0.91 cm^(2)per decade,p<0.01).In contrast,pine growth remained relatively stable(humid habitat:-0.03 cm^(2)per decade;dry habitat:0.25 cm^(2)per decade,p>0.01),although it still responded to stress during the growing season(p<0.05).Furthermore,spruce displayed reduced resistance during stress in dry habitats(-30.11%),while pine exhibited an enhanced recovery of growth rates to ensure survival(+39.62%).The climate adaptation strategies of the species were linked to the contribution of temperature and moisture to their growth rates.Moisture is critical for the growth recovery of both conifers in dry habitats when temperature-associated growth displays a‘bimodal’pattern during the growing season.These findings have significant ecological implications for understanding conifer forest processes in the context of global climate change.
