Terrestrial ecosystems are vital for maintaining equilibrium in the global carbon cycle.Land use and land cover change(LUCC),which is influenced mainly by urbanization and ecological policies,impacts terrestrial ecosy...Terrestrial ecosystems are vital for maintaining equilibrium in the global carbon cycle.Land use and land cover change(LUCC),which is influenced mainly by urbanization and ecological policies,impacts terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage significantly.In this study,spatiotemporal carbon storage changes in the urban belt along the Yellow River in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China,were estimated through a model that integrated patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)and integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs(InVEST)models from 1993 to 2033.The results revealed that:(1)from 1993 to 2023,the expansion of built-up land and cropland was derived mainly from unused land and grassland,whereas water body and woodland remained relatively stable.Projections to 2033 have indicated that LUCC will continue and be concentrated primarily in the Ningxia Plain;(2)carbon storage increased by a net 5.01×10^(6) Mg C from 1993 to 2023;(3)the spatial distribution of carbon storage revealed that high-value areas were predominantly located in the Helan Mountains and the Ningxia Plain,whereas low-value areas were found in the Tengger Desert;(4)scenario projections indicated that by 2033,the ecological protection scenario(EPS)would achieve a 0.18×10^(6) Mg C increase by reducing the conversion of woodland to cropland and grassland to built-up land,while increasing the conversion of unused land to grassland.In contrast,the natural development scenario(NDS),cropland protection scenario(CPS),and urban development scenario(UDS)decreased carbon storage by 0.60×10^(6),0.21×10^(6),and 0.42×10^(6) Mg C,respectively;and(5)spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that high–high carbon storage clusters formed belt-like patterns along the Ningxia Plain and the Helan Mountains,whereas the low–low carbon storage clusters were concentrated in northern Zhongwei City,western Qingtongxia City,western Dawukou District,and the urbanized areas within the central Ningxia Plain.Overall,the study results revealed the close coupling relationship between LUCC and carbon storage functions.Furthermore,the study establishes a framework for carbon management that balances ecological protection with coordinated urban development for the urban belt as well as for similar arid and semi-arid areas.On the basis of these findings,this study provides decision-makers with guidance to optimize ecosystem carbon storage via land use,which plays a key role in developing future land use policies and achieving the"dual carbon"goals.展开更多
Land use in arid and semi-arid regions has a substantial effect on climate,environment,and biodiversity,thereby projecting the spatiotemporal changes in land use and the subsequent effects.This study employed the loca...Land use in arid and semi-arid regions has a substantial effect on climate,environment,and biodiversity,thereby projecting the spatiotemporal changes in land use and the subsequent effects.This study employed the locally calibrated Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS)model,which coupled system dynamics with cellular automata and integrated an artificial neural network algorithm and a roulette wheel selection mechanism.We projected future land use(2020–2100)dynamics of Lanzhou,a typical river valley city in Northwest China,under three different Shared Socioeconomic Pathway(SSP)scenarios(SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5).The simulation results were validated and subsequently reclassified using the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme(IGBP)system to produce a dataset suitable for driving climatic and environmental models.Under the SSP1-2.6 scenario,urban and built-up land expanded consistently,whereas irrigated cropland and pasture as well as grassland contracted continuously.Conversely,the SSP5-8.5 scenario was characterized by a contraction of urban and built-up land,and relative stability of irrigated cropland and pasture as well as grassland.The SSP2-4.5 scenario presented a more complex trade-off,where urban and built-up land and grassland increased first and then decreased,whereas irrigated cropland and pasture followed an opposite trajectory.A significant inverse relationship between urban and built-up land and irrigated cropland and pasture was observed under all scenarios,underscoring the fundamental spatial competition that prevailed in this land-constrained valley city.Furthermore,the negative correlation of grassland with urban and built-up land,coupled with the positive correlation of grassland with irrigated cropland and pasture under both the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios,indicated an evolution from broad confrontation to intricate internal trade-offs within the urban–agricultural–ecological system.This study underscored the critical influence of regional topographic and hydrological constraints on land-use evolution in arid regions,providing guidance for water resource management and ecosystem protection in Lanzhou,with applications for sustainable land-use planning in other arid and semi-arid river valley cities.展开更多
As the global leader in rice production,China's paddy fields contribute substantially to greenhouse gas emissions through methane(CH_(4))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)releases.Aromatic rice cultivation practices have b...As the global leader in rice production,China's paddy fields contribute substantially to greenhouse gas emissions through methane(CH_(4))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)releases.Aromatic rice cultivation practices have been optimized to enhance the aroma,so the relationship between its cultivation and greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields is unclear.To investigate how aroma-enhancing cultivation practices drive microbial community dynamics in aromatic rice paddies and their implications for greenhouse gas emissions,a two-year experiment in five ecological locations(Xingning,Nanxiong,Conghua,Luoding,and Zengcheng)compared two farming practices:partial organic substitution for inorganic fertilizers combined with water-saving irrigation(IOF+W)and traditional cultivation(CK).The CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions,soil microbial composition and function,global warming potential(GWP),nitrogen use efficiency,yield,and the content of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)were measured and analyzed.The main purpose was to investigate the impact of IOF+W on CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions and their relationship with soil microorganisms.The results showed that IOF+W significantly reduced CH_(4)emission fluxes and totals(36.95%)and GWP(31.29%),while significantly increasing N_(2)O emission fluxes and totals(14.82%).The soil microbial community structure was reshaped by the IOF+W treatment,which suppressed methanogens but enhanced the abundances of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria.Key enzymatic activities involved in CH_(4)production,such as methyl-coenzyme M reductase,formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase,and methyltransferase,decreased.In contrast,the activity of the key CH_(4)-oxidizing enzyme methanol dehydrogenase increased.This shift led to an overall attenuation of the CH_(4)production metabolism while enhancing the CH_(4)oxidation metabolism.In addition,the activities of pivotal enzymes involved in denitrification and nitrification were improved,thus enhancing nitrogen nitrification and denitrification metabolism.Moreover,the IOF+W treatment significantly increased nitrogen use efficiency(47.83%),yield(14.77%),and 2-AP content(13.78%).Therefore,the IOF+W treatment demonstrated good efficacy as a sustainable strategy for achieving productive,green,resource-efficient,and premium-quality aromatic rice cultivation in South China.展开更多
This research offers valuable insights into the relationship between land use and daytime climatic comfort in high-rise urban developments in Delhi.This city is navigating rapid urbanisation and facing critical enviro...This research offers valuable insights into the relationship between land use and daytime climatic comfort in high-rise urban developments in Delhi.This city is navigating rapid urbanisation and facing critical environmental challenges like pollution,heat stress,land degradation etc.The study aims to enhance understanding of how diverse land use patterns influence thermal comfort by utilising satellite data from the Landsat/Resourcesat series for classification and MODIS for land surface temperature(LST)extraction.The findings highlight that regions with dense construction and limited green and blue spaces tend to experience lower levels of climatic comfort,with 17.17 Percent of Delhi’s geographical area feeling the adverse effects of the Urban Heat Island(UHI)phenomenon.On a positive note,40.20 Percent of the area is associated with high climatic comfort,primarily due to natural features such as vegetation and water bodies.Furthermore,the research indicates a noteworthy increase in land surface temperatures(LST)from 2000 to 2022,with peak recorded temperatures rising from 38.35℃ in 2000 to 47.27℃ in 2022.In summary,this study emphasises the importance of understanding and addressing the UHI effect in urban settings,providing constructive recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders dedicated to fostering improved livability and sustainability in urban environments.展开更多
Estuarine and bay ecosystems serve as crucial transitional zones for land-based pollutants entering the ocean.However,there is a critical gap in understanding the behavior of emerging pollutants in the numerous small ...Estuarine and bay ecosystems serve as crucial transitional zones for land-based pollutants entering the ocean.However,there is a critical gap in understanding the behavior of emerging pollutants in the numerous small estuaries and bays located in undeveloped coastal areas.This study provides insights into the fate of antibiotics in these small and scattered estuaries and bays in Shantou's coast,driven by land use types and hydrodynamic conditions.The findings indicated that estuaries were more heavily polluted with antibiotics than the bays(P<0.05),with tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones as the primary antibiotics.Antibiotic pollution levels were more severe in October than in June(P<0.01).Rainfall runoff,aquaculture tailwater,and river discharge were identified as the main sources of antibiotic pollution.Build-up land and aquaculture ponds were the primary land use types contributing to antibiotic pollution.The total antibiotic concentrations in June were positively correlated with the proportion of aquaculture ponds(P<0.05)and negatively correlated with the proportions of cropland and grassland(P<0.05).The concentrations of lomefloxacin and ofloxacin were positively correlated with build-up land.The antibiotic concentrations exhibited strong spatial heterogeneity within both bay and estuarine ecosystems driven by different hydrodynamic conditions.A comparative analysis of global estuaries and bays revealed that specific land-use types and hydrodynamic conditions produced similar trends in antibiotic fate.These insights offered new perspectives to safeguard the health of estuarine and bay ecosystems,such as altering landscape patterns and regulating aquaculture activities.展开更多
Addiction,a complex and chronic neurobiological disorder,is characterized by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequences,leading to persistent alterations in brain function,particularly within the reward,mot...Addiction,a complex and chronic neurobiological disorder,is characterized by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequences,leading to persistent alterations in brain function,particularly within the reward,motivation,and decision-making systems.Despite the availability of a range of treatment options,including pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapies,relapse remains a major challenge,with many individuals struggling to maintain long-term recovery.Current treatments often show limited efficacy,underscoring the need for novel therapeutic strategies that can address the underlying neurobiological disruptions in addiction.展开更多
In China,farmers have increasingly adopted direct-seeded rice(DSR).While various impacts of DSR have been studied,limited evidence exists regarding the effect of DSR adoption on pesticide use.This study examines the i...In China,farmers have increasingly adopted direct-seeded rice(DSR).While various impacts of DSR have been studied,limited evidence exists regarding the effect of DSR adoption on pesticide use.This study examines the impact of DSR adoption on pesticide use utilizing data from a 2018 survey of 982 rice farmers in China's Yangtze River Basin.The endogenous treatment-regression and switching regression models are employed to address self-selection bias.The results indicate that,after accounting for self-selection,DSR adopters spend 401.72 CNY ha^(-1) more on pesticides compared to non-adopters.Although DSR adoption significantly increases the use of insecticides,fungicides and herbicides,its impact is most pronounced for insecticide expenditure and least pronounced for herbicide expenditure.The findings remain robust when altering the dependent variable,truncating the research sample,and modifying the estimation method.Heterogeneous analysis reveals that DSR adoption has a stronger positive impact on pesticide expenditure among farmers below 60 years of age,with at least 6 years of education,and managing rice sown areas less than 2 ha.Based on these findings,this study recommends enhancing complementary techniques for DSR,improving the dissemination of DSR cultivation technologies,and strengthening socialized services.This research provides a comprehensive assessment of DSR's advantages and disadvantages,particularly regarding pesticide use,offering important policy implications for pesticide reduction.展开更多
Background:Music has proven to be vital in enhancing resilience and promotingwell-being.Previously,the impact of music in sports environments was solely investigated,while this paper applies it to study environments,s...Background:Music has proven to be vital in enhancing resilience and promotingwell-being.Previously,the impact of music in sports environments was solely investigated,while this paper applies it to study environments,standing out as pioneering research.The study consists of a systematic development of a conceptual framework based on theories of Uses and Gratification Expectancy(UGE)and perceived motivation based on music elements.Their components are observed variables influencing students’psychological well-being(as the dependent variable).Resilience is examined as a mediator,influencing the relationships of both observed and dependent variables.The main purpose of this study is to highlight the positive effects of online music consumption on the psychological well-being of students.Methods:Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with eighteen final year creative multimedia undergraduate students belonging to five central region Malaysian universities,especially on their UGE needs,and a similar concept survey instrument with two hundred participants.The interview data were analysed through thematic analysis,while the survey data through descriptive and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling(PLS-SEM).Results:The results highlight that students gain motivation from online music,which positively affects their psychological well-being(β=0.190,p=0.003,f^(2)=0.037),while resilience significantly affects this relationship(β=0.562,p<0.001,f^(2)=0.461).However,the results also predict a partial relationship between constructs based on UGE with psychological well-being,mediated by resilience,i.e.,AT-UGE(β=0.021,p=0.783,f^(2)=0.000),SIPI-UGE(β=0.228,p=0.004,f^(2)=0.044).Conclusion:The outcome of the study reflected practical,meaningful,and statistically significant results.The majority of the predictors,with the exception of one,i.e.,AT-UGE,displayed a clear positive relation of online music consumption on the Psychological Well-being of students.Future research will explore varying contextual factors impacting online music-related gratifications,motivations,and resilience,along with additional potential mediators and moderators.展开更多
In maize production,the development of density-tolerant and lodging-resistant varieties has made dense planting an effective strategy for achieving high and stable yields,with superior hybrids serving as a prerequisit...In maize production,the development of density-tolerant and lodging-resistant varieties has made dense planting an effective strategy for achieving high and stable yields,with superior hybrids serving as a prerequisite for successful highdensity cultivation.However,the photosynthetic mechanisms underlying improved density tolerance in maize hybrids released across different eras in China remain unclear.This study investigates 40 years of breeding progress toward enhanced photosynthetic traits under varying planting densities and elucidates the physiological and ecological bases of improved density tolerance in maize hybrids.A three-year field experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2021 to compare eight major Chinese hybrids from four decadal cohorts under three planting densities:45,000(D1),67,500(D2),and 90,000(D3)plants ha^(-1).At high density(D3),modern hybrids exhibited a more optimal canopy architecture and superior leaf photosynthetic performance compared to older hybrids,despite a slight reduction in specific leaf nitrogen.Notably,modern hybrids(2000s)were able to maintain higher net photosynthetic rates and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency(PNUE)at D3,resulting in the highest grain yield(GY),which was 118.47%greater than that of older hybrids(1970s).Leaf area duration after anthesis,total chlorophyll content,key photosynthetic enzyme activities,and maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry were all positively correlated with GY.Among these,PNUE showed the strongest correlation with grain yield and thus represents a key indicator for optimizing maize hybrids.Based on these findings,breeders should continue selecting hybrids under high-density and suboptimal conditions,focusing on optimizing population architecture and enhancing photosynthetic capacity while fine-tuning leaf nitrogen status to develop high-yielding,density-tolerant hybrids capable of sustaining long-term increases in maize grain yield.展开更多
Under complex working conditions,accurate prediction of the remaining useful life(RUL)of lithium-ion batteries is of great significance to ensure the stable operation of energy storage systems,the safe driving of elec...Under complex working conditions,accurate prediction of the remaining useful life(RUL)of lithium-ion batteries is of great significance to ensure the stable operation of energy storage systems,the safe driving of electric vehicles,and the continuous power supply of electronic devices.This paper systematically describes the RUL prediction methods of lithium-ion batteries and comprehensively summarizes the development status and future trends in this field.First,the battery degradation mechanisms and lightweight data acquisition are analyzed.Secondly,a systematic classification model is constructed for the more widely used lithium battery RUL prediction methods,and the application characteristics and implementation limitations of different methods are analyzed in detail.An innovative classification framework for hybrid methods is proposed based on the depth of physical-data interaction.Then,collaborative modelling of calendar ageing and cyclic ageing is discussed,revealing their coupled effects and corresponding RUL prediction methods.Finally,the technical bottlenecks faced by the current RUL prediction of lithium batteries are identified,potential solutions are proposed,and the future development trends are outlined.展开更多
As a tropical island confronting the dual imperatives of tourism-driven economic growth and ecological vulnerability,Hainan's land-use sustainability critically impacts both regional development and coastal ecosys...As a tropical island confronting the dual imperatives of tourism-driven economic growth and ecological vulnerability,Hainan's land-use sustainability critically impacts both regional development and coastal ecosystem security.This study employs a coupled PLUS-InVEST modeling framework to analyze land-use changes and habitat quality dynamics from 2000 to 2020,projecting ecological outcomes under three development scenarios for 2030.Key findings reveal:(1)A persistent bimodal habitat distribution pattern,with high-quality areas concentrated in the central forest zone and degraded areas in coastal peripheries,exhibiting a continuous decline over the 20-year period.(2)Accelerated urbanization between 2010 and 2020 resulted in the conversion of ecological land to construction use,correlating strongly with habitat fragmentation intensity.(3)Baseline projections for 2030 indicate that construction land will dominate new conversions.(4)Ecological protection scenarios demonstrate recoverable habitat potentials,particularly within coastal buffer zones.These findings provide empirical validation of scenario-driven land-use planning as a viable tool for island ecosystems,highlighting the critical need to balance tourism infrastructure development with coastal conservation imperatives in tropical island sustainability management.This methodology advances spatial decision-making for balancing island economic growth with biodiversity preservation,offering replicable strategies for global island ecosystems facing similar sustainability challenges.展开更多
Insight into the carbon turnover in soil aggregates and density fractions is essential for reducing the uncertainty in estimating carbon pools on the Tibetan Plateau,and how they vary with land use type is unclear.In ...Insight into the carbon turnover in soil aggregates and density fractions is essential for reducing the uncertainty in estimating carbon pools on the Tibetan Plateau,and how they vary with land use type is unclear.In this study,the effect of land use type on carbon storage and fractionation was quantified based on organic carbon and its^(13)C abundance at the microscale of soil aggregates and density fractions in Tibetan alpine ecosystems.The sequence of soil aggregate destruction in the land use types of plantation(13.1%)<shrubland(32.7%)<grassland(47.9%)<farmland(61.8%)shows that plantations strengthen the soil structure.Plantation land had a greater contribution of light fraction organic carbon(28.3%)but a lower contribution of mineral-associated organic carbon(40.6%)to the carbon stock compared to farmland(13.5 and 70.3%).Interestingly,plantation land enhanced the aggregational differentiation of organic carbon and^(13)C in each density fraction,whereas no such phenomenon existed in the soil organic carbon.Carbon isotope analyses revealed that carbon transfer in the plantation land occurred from the light fraction in macroaggregates(–24.9‰)to the mineral-associated fraction in microaggregates(–19.9‰).When compared to the other three land use types,the low transferability of carbon in aggregates and density fractions in plantation land provides a stable carbon pool for the Tibetan Plateau.This study shows that plantations can mitigate global climate change by slowing carbon transfer and increasing carbon storage at the microscale of aggregates and density fractions in alpine regions.展开更多
Soil organic carbon(SOC)dynamics significantly influence ecosystem carbon source-sink balance,particularly in agroecosystems.However,uncertainty remains regarding optimal land use types for maximizing farmland carbon ...Soil organic carbon(SOC)dynamics significantly influence ecosystem carbon source-sink balance,particularly in agroecosystems.However,uncertainty remains regarding optimal land use types for maximizing farmland carbon storage across different soil types,and identifying effective land management practices for enhanced carbon accumulation is essential for reducing agricultural emissions and strengthening carbon sinks.This study examined SOC variations in eastern Yunnan’s subtropical highlands(2,132 sites),analyzing topsoil(0–20 cm)across five land uses(dryland,irrigated land,forestland,grassland and plantation)of five soil types(red,yellow,yellowbrown,brown,purple).The investigation explored relationships between SOC and edaphic factors(26 elements)to determine SOC influencing factors.The study area demonstrated a mean SOC content of 27.78 g kg^(–1),with distinct spatial heterogeneity characterized by lower values in the southwestern sector and higher concentrations in the northeastern region.Brown soils displayed the highest SOC content(P<0.05),followed by yellow-brown then red,yellow,and purple soils.Irrigation significantly enhanced SOC storage,particularly in brown soils where irrigated land contained 2.2-,2.4-,and 1.6-times higher SOC than forestland,grassland,and dryland,respectively.Similar irrigation benefits occurred in purple,yellow,and yellow-brown soils,indicating moisture limitation as the primary SOC constraint.Notably,SOC exhibited strong positive correlations with nitrogen,sulfur,and selenium.Nitrogen fertilization demonstrated dual benefits:enhancing SOC sequestration and promoting Se enrichment in crops,potentially supporting specialty agriculture.Although land use impacts on SOC varied across soil types(P>0.05),irrigation consistently emerged as the optimal management for carbon sink enhancement.These findings suggest that targeted water management could effectively reduce farmland carbon emissions in moisture-limited subtropical highlands.Strategic nitrogen application offers co-benefits for soil fertility and selenium biofortification,providing practical pathways for climate-smart agriculture in similar ecoregions.展开更多
The development of pattern-based traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)compound preparations constitutes a core domain that represents the principle of pattern differentiation-based treatment,a hallmark of TCM.However,the ...The development of pattern-based traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)compound preparations constitutes a core domain that represents the principle of pattern differentiation-based treatment,a hallmark of TCM.However,the field has long been constrained by scientific and regulatory challenges in animal modeling,efficacy evaluation,and clinical positioning.This article proposes a new research and development(R&D)paradigm strategically based on human use experience(HUE)and centered on the patient as the key to overcoming these bottlenecks and achieving high-quality progress.We systematically dissect the traditional problems in this field and demonstrate the pivotal role of high-quality HUE in enabling precise clinical positioning and optimizing R&D pathways(e.g.,applying for exemptions from non-clinical studies).HUE guides the implementation of the“pattern-symptom integration”model.Furthermore,we detail the implementation of the patient-centered concept throughout the process of clinical trial design,collection of patients’experience data,clinical outcome assessment,and benefit-risk assessment.The integrative application of artificial intelligence in the R&D of pattern-based TCM drugs is also specifically explored.By synthesizing the“TCM theory,HUE,and clinical trials”evidence system,this article aims to provide a systematic strategic framework for establishing an R&D pathway that adheres to the intrinsic principles of TCM while simultaneously meeting modern scientific standards.展开更多
The development of wheat cultivars with improved nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)use efficiency is essential for sustainable agriculture.Genetic dissection and identification of causative genes underlying nu...The development of wheat cultivars with improved nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)use efficiency is essential for sustainable agriculture.Genetic dissection and identification of causative genes underlying nutrient use efficiency represent a key strategy toward this goal.We conducted an extensive genome-wide association study(GWAS)using a panel of 431 wheat cultivars,identifying 1,659 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)(LOD>5)through genotyping-by-sequencing.This analysis revealed 534 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)associated with 12 nutrient use efficiency traits across five distinct environments,among which 14 QTLs were consistently detected in at least three environments.Notably,meta-QTL analysis,showed that QTL80(72.12–74.24 Mb,chr2A),QTL387(32.88–33.56 Mb,chr6A),and QTL500(535.53–540.80 Mb,chr7B)exhibit clear co-localization with MQTL-2A-2,MQTL-6A-1,and MQTL-7B-2,respectively.This overlap highlights their robustness across diverse environmental conditions.Within these regions,critical candidate genes-including members of the bZIP transcription factor family and a potassium transporter gene-were identified in relation to nutrient use efficiency.Furthermore,a novel locus,QTL234,was discovered,harboring key candidate genes such as dof zinc finger protein,Ankyrin repeat family protein,and cytochrome P450.To validate the SNP within QTL234 associated with nitrogen harvest index(NHI),we developed a dCAPS marker for AX-109095537.These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of high-resolution SNP-based GWAS in rapidly pinpointing promising candidate genes.They also establish a foundation for large-scale QTL fine mapping,candidate gene validation,and the development of functional markers essential for enhancing nutrient use efficiency in wheat breeding programs.展开更多
Hydraulic theory predicts a positive coupling between leaf hydraulic conductance(K_(leaf))and stomatal conductance(g_(s));however,this theory has not been fully supported by observations,and underlying mechanisms are ...Hydraulic theory predicts a positive coupling between leaf hydraulic conductance(K_(leaf))and stomatal conductance(g_(s));however,this theory has not been fully supported by observations,and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.Partitioning K_(leaf)into inside-xylem(K_(x))and outside-xylem(K_(ox))components offers a refined framework for elucidating the regulation of g_(s) by leaf hydraulics.While optimal planting density may enhance water use efficiency(WUE)through modulation of g_(s),corresponding changes in leaf hydraulic properties and their influence on gas exchange remain unclear.We examined relationships among K_(x),K_(ox),g_(s),leaf photosynthetic rate(A_(N)),and WUE,and analyzed the structural determinants of K_(ox)in cotton grown under eight planting densities:12,18,24,36,48,60,72,and 84 plants m^(–2).Results showed that as planting density increased,K_(leaf)and A_(N) remained stable,whereas K_(ox)and g_(s) declined significantly.Leaf thickness and the volume fraction of inter-cellular air space were key structural factors influencing K_(ox).Neither K_(leaf)nor K_(x)correlated with A_(N) or g_(s);however,K_(ox)exhibited a significant positive correlation with g_(s).Furthermore,K_(ox)was negatively correlated with WUE.These findings indicate that K_(ox)modulates g_(s) to minimize water loss without compromising A_(N),thereby enhancing WUE in cotton across varying planting densities.展开更多
Water use adaptive strategies for plants on tropical islands are far less clear than those in continental environments,largely because plants in tropical ecosystems are normally exposed to abundant solar energy.Thus,c...Water use adaptive strategies for plants on tropical islands are far less clear than those in continental environments,largely because plants in tropical ecosystems are normally exposed to abundant solar energy.Thus,clarifying the characteristics of water conservation and uptake patterns by plants is critical for understanding the plant water adaptation in tropical ecosystems.To address this issue,we investigated the water retention capacity of litter from the dominant tree species(Casuarina equisetifolia)on a tropical island.Theδ^(2)H andδ^(18)O of the xylem water and soil water under the tree canopy,as well as theδ^(13)C in the needle-like twigs,were measured to explore the water use characteristics.Our findings revealed that the maximum water retention capacity of the litter ranged from 164.14 to 175.21 t/ha,indicating that the Casuarina litter is capable of soil water conservation,thus increasing soil water availability for plants.The major water uptake sources for the Casuarina trees tended to consist of water from shallow soil layers(10-20 cm)at peripheral canopy zones and revealing pronounced spatial heterogeneity.Moreover,compared with those in a continental coastal region,the water use efficiency of Casuarina trees on a tropical island was greater.Our results suggest that the ecological strategies used by Casuarina trees for soil water conservation and water use patterns on tropical island are diverse.Therefore,these findings provide insights into the biophysical effects of vegetation on soil water availability as well as the physiological acclimation strategies adopted by plants in tropical island ecosystems.展开更多
Land use conflicts(LUCs)pose a major challenge to urbanization,and their effective regulation is essential for promoting sustainable regional land use.However,the influence of urban development on conflicts has often ...Land use conflicts(LUCs)pose a major challenge to urbanization,and their effective regulation is essential for promoting sustainable regional land use.However,the influence of urban development on conflicts has often been overlooked.This study developed an index system from three dimensions—agricultural production,residential life,and ecological security—and quantified LUCs in China using spatial statistics and a coupling relationship matrix.It further explored the spatial relationships between conflict types and urban built-up areas(UBA)through accessibility analysis,and applied regression analysis to reveal the spatial evolution of conflicts from an urban-scale perspective.The results showed that agricultural-construction conflicts were concentrated in the eastern plains,while agricultural-ecological conflicts prevailed in the mountainous areas in the western region.Spatial distribution of the distance from conflicts to UBA(DCU)exhibited a clear east-west gradient,being closer in the east(less than 20 km)and farther in the west.Between 2000 and 2020,LUCs moved progressively closer to UBA,except in the ecologically fragile western region.For all urban hierarchies except small cities,the average distance was below 10 km;megacities exhibited the shortest DCU,roughly half that of small cities.Moreover,LUCs displayed significant hierarchical scale effects:as urban size increased,distance tended to decrease in a non-linear pattern,with the steepest decline occurring in central China.Land management authorities should work to curb sprawling urban development.Overall,this study provides new insights into the spatial evolution of LUCs and contributes to more sustainable land use management.展开更多
The Guangdong,Jiangxi and Fujian(GJF)provinces,located in the subtropical region of southeastern China,is one of the national key regions for soil erosion control and ecological restoration.This region is characterize...The Guangdong,Jiangxi and Fujian(GJF)provinces,located in the subtropical region of southeastern China,is one of the national key regions for soil erosion control and ecological restoration.This region is characterized by extensive red soil development and high rainfall erosivity,making it a representative landscape for exploring the interactions between land use change(LUC)and ecosystem services(ES).Despite the recognized importance of ES in hilly regions,comprehensive assessing the impacts of LUC on ES remain limited.This study investigates five key ES:water yield,soil conservation,carbon conservation,food supply,and habitat quality in GJF region from 2000 to 2020.By applying the InVEST model and the Geodetector method,we assessed the trade-offs,synergies,and transitions among ES,identified the natural and social drivers of ES dynamics,and quantified the contribution of LUC to ES changes using the ecosystem service contribution index.The results showed that cropland and woodland were the dominant land use types.Ecological restoration efforts positively influenced ES,with synergies intensifying and trade-offs diminishing over time.Land use conversions,particularly among woodland,grassland,and cropland,exerted significant impacts on ES.In particular,the conversion of woodland to other land uses had markedly negative effects on soil conservation,carbon conservation,and habitat quality.Forest cover was identified as a major driver of ES dynamics.These findings highlight the importance of maintaining and expanding forest and grassland cover,strengthening red soil conservation,and optimizing land use structure to achieve coordinated ecological protection and socioeconomic development in the subtropical hilly regions of southern China.展开更多
Lodging is a primary factor limiting rice grain yield.Achieving synergistic improvements in grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)without increasing lodging risk has been a global research priority.In this study...Lodging is a primary factor limiting rice grain yield.Achieving synergistic improvements in grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)without increasing lodging risk has been a global research priority.In this study,two rice cultivars-Yongyou 2640(indica–japonica hybrid rice)and Jinxiangyu 1(inbred japonica rice)-were evaluated in field experiments conducted over two growing seasons.Six nitrogen management strategies were implemented:no nitrogen(T1),conventional urea(T2),controlled-release nitrogen(CRN)(T3),reduction of CRN(T4),CRN combined with single basal application of conventional urea(T5),and CRN combined with split applications of conventional urea(T6).Compared with T2,the integrated nitrogen strategies(T5 and T6)increased NUE by 4.89–5.69%and grain yield by 3.41–4.65%.These treatments also enhanced structural integrity of the second basal internode,evidenced by increased carbohydrate content,internode breaking strength,epidermal silicon layer thickness,number of large and small vascular bundles,and thickness of both parenchymatous and mechanical tissues.Concurrently,internode length,bending moment,and lodging index were reduced.Collectively,these findings indicate that integrating CRN with conventional urea improves morphological,mechanical,physicochemical,and anatomical properties of the second basal internode,thereby enhancing stem strength and enabling high yield and NUE without compromising lodging resistance.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(42261026)the Open Foundation of Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Utilization in Arid Zone(XJYS0907-2023-01)the Light of the West Program for Young Scholars,Chinese Academy of Sciences(25JR6KA005).
文摘Terrestrial ecosystems are vital for maintaining equilibrium in the global carbon cycle.Land use and land cover change(LUCC),which is influenced mainly by urbanization and ecological policies,impacts terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage significantly.In this study,spatiotemporal carbon storage changes in the urban belt along the Yellow River in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China,were estimated through a model that integrated patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)and integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs(InVEST)models from 1993 to 2033.The results revealed that:(1)from 1993 to 2023,the expansion of built-up land and cropland was derived mainly from unused land and grassland,whereas water body and woodland remained relatively stable.Projections to 2033 have indicated that LUCC will continue and be concentrated primarily in the Ningxia Plain;(2)carbon storage increased by a net 5.01×10^(6) Mg C from 1993 to 2023;(3)the spatial distribution of carbon storage revealed that high-value areas were predominantly located in the Helan Mountains and the Ningxia Plain,whereas low-value areas were found in the Tengger Desert;(4)scenario projections indicated that by 2033,the ecological protection scenario(EPS)would achieve a 0.18×10^(6) Mg C increase by reducing the conversion of woodland to cropland and grassland to built-up land,while increasing the conversion of unused land to grassland.In contrast,the natural development scenario(NDS),cropland protection scenario(CPS),and urban development scenario(UDS)decreased carbon storage by 0.60×10^(6),0.21×10^(6),and 0.42×10^(6) Mg C,respectively;and(5)spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that high–high carbon storage clusters formed belt-like patterns along the Ningxia Plain and the Helan Mountains,whereas the low–low carbon storage clusters were concentrated in northern Zhongwei City,western Qingtongxia City,western Dawukou District,and the urbanized areas within the central Ningxia Plain.Overall,the study results revealed the close coupling relationship between LUCC and carbon storage functions.Furthermore,the study establishes a framework for carbon management that balances ecological protection with coordinated urban development for the urban belt as well as for similar arid and semi-arid areas.On the basis of these findings,this study provides decision-makers with guidance to optimize ecosystem carbon storage via land use,which plays a key role in developing future land use policies and achieving the"dual carbon"goals.
基金supported by the Soft Science Special Project of Gansu Basic Research Plan(25JRZA206)the Longyuan Youth Talent Project of Gansu Province(ZHU Rong)+1 种基金the Innovation Development Special Project of China Meteorological Administration(CXFZ2025J036)the Program of the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CSFSE-KF-2402).
文摘Land use in arid and semi-arid regions has a substantial effect on climate,environment,and biodiversity,thereby projecting the spatiotemporal changes in land use and the subsequent effects.This study employed the locally calibrated Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS)model,which coupled system dynamics with cellular automata and integrated an artificial neural network algorithm and a roulette wheel selection mechanism.We projected future land use(2020–2100)dynamics of Lanzhou,a typical river valley city in Northwest China,under three different Shared Socioeconomic Pathway(SSP)scenarios(SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5).The simulation results were validated and subsequently reclassified using the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme(IGBP)system to produce a dataset suitable for driving climatic and environmental models.Under the SSP1-2.6 scenario,urban and built-up land expanded consistently,whereas irrigated cropland and pasture as well as grassland contracted continuously.Conversely,the SSP5-8.5 scenario was characterized by a contraction of urban and built-up land,and relative stability of irrigated cropland and pasture as well as grassland.The SSP2-4.5 scenario presented a more complex trade-off,where urban and built-up land and grassland increased first and then decreased,whereas irrigated cropland and pasture followed an opposite trajectory.A significant inverse relationship between urban and built-up land and irrigated cropland and pasture was observed under all scenarios,underscoring the fundamental spatial competition that prevailed in this land-constrained valley city.Furthermore,the negative correlation of grassland with urban and built-up land,coupled with the positive correlation of grassland with irrigated cropland and pasture under both the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios,indicated an evolution from broad confrontation to intricate internal trade-offs within the urban–agricultural–ecological system.This study underscored the critical influence of regional topographic and hydrological constraints on land-use evolution in arid regions,providing guidance for water resource management and ecosystem protection in Lanzhou,with applications for sustainable land-use planning in other arid and semi-arid river valley cities.
基金provided by the Guangdong Province Low-Carbon Fragrant Rice Cultivation Demonstration Project,China(F23032)。
文摘As the global leader in rice production,China's paddy fields contribute substantially to greenhouse gas emissions through methane(CH_(4))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)releases.Aromatic rice cultivation practices have been optimized to enhance the aroma,so the relationship between its cultivation and greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields is unclear.To investigate how aroma-enhancing cultivation practices drive microbial community dynamics in aromatic rice paddies and their implications for greenhouse gas emissions,a two-year experiment in five ecological locations(Xingning,Nanxiong,Conghua,Luoding,and Zengcheng)compared two farming practices:partial organic substitution for inorganic fertilizers combined with water-saving irrigation(IOF+W)and traditional cultivation(CK).The CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions,soil microbial composition and function,global warming potential(GWP),nitrogen use efficiency,yield,and the content of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)were measured and analyzed.The main purpose was to investigate the impact of IOF+W on CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions and their relationship with soil microorganisms.The results showed that IOF+W significantly reduced CH_(4)emission fluxes and totals(36.95%)and GWP(31.29%),while significantly increasing N_(2)O emission fluxes and totals(14.82%).The soil microbial community structure was reshaped by the IOF+W treatment,which suppressed methanogens but enhanced the abundances of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria.Key enzymatic activities involved in CH_(4)production,such as methyl-coenzyme M reductase,formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase,and methyltransferase,decreased.In contrast,the activity of the key CH_(4)-oxidizing enzyme methanol dehydrogenase increased.This shift led to an overall attenuation of the CH_(4)production metabolism while enhancing the CH_(4)oxidation metabolism.In addition,the activities of pivotal enzymes involved in denitrification and nitrification were improved,thus enhancing nitrogen nitrification and denitrification metabolism.Moreover,the IOF+W treatment significantly increased nitrogen use efficiency(47.83%),yield(14.77%),and 2-AP content(13.78%).Therefore,the IOF+W treatment demonstrated good efficacy as a sustainable strategy for achieving productive,green,resource-efficient,and premium-quality aromatic rice cultivation in South China.
基金supported by the Institution of Eminence,University of Delhi,grant number[IoE/2023-24/12/FRP].
文摘This research offers valuable insights into the relationship between land use and daytime climatic comfort in high-rise urban developments in Delhi.This city is navigating rapid urbanisation and facing critical environmental challenges like pollution,heat stress,land degradation etc.The study aims to enhance understanding of how diverse land use patterns influence thermal comfort by utilising satellite data from the Landsat/Resourcesat series for classification and MODIS for land surface temperature(LST)extraction.The findings highlight that regions with dense construction and limited green and blue spaces tend to experience lower levels of climatic comfort,with 17.17 Percent of Delhi’s geographical area feeling the adverse effects of the Urban Heat Island(UHI)phenomenon.On a positive note,40.20 Percent of the area is associated with high climatic comfort,primarily due to natural features such as vegetation and water bodies.Furthermore,the research indicates a noteworthy increase in land surface temperatures(LST)from 2000 to 2022,with peak recorded temperatures rising from 38.35℃ in 2000 to 47.27℃ in 2022.In summary,this study emphasises the importance of understanding and addressing the UHI effect in urban settings,providing constructive recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders dedicated to fostering improved livability and sustainability in urban environments.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFF0801104 and 2021YFD1700600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51809177)the Science Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.NIGLAS2022GS08).
文摘Estuarine and bay ecosystems serve as crucial transitional zones for land-based pollutants entering the ocean.However,there is a critical gap in understanding the behavior of emerging pollutants in the numerous small estuaries and bays located in undeveloped coastal areas.This study provides insights into the fate of antibiotics in these small and scattered estuaries and bays in Shantou's coast,driven by land use types and hydrodynamic conditions.The findings indicated that estuaries were more heavily polluted with antibiotics than the bays(P<0.05),with tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones as the primary antibiotics.Antibiotic pollution levels were more severe in October than in June(P<0.01).Rainfall runoff,aquaculture tailwater,and river discharge were identified as the main sources of antibiotic pollution.Build-up land and aquaculture ponds were the primary land use types contributing to antibiotic pollution.The total antibiotic concentrations in June were positively correlated with the proportion of aquaculture ponds(P<0.05)and negatively correlated with the proportions of cropland and grassland(P<0.05).The concentrations of lomefloxacin and ofloxacin were positively correlated with build-up land.The antibiotic concentrations exhibited strong spatial heterogeneity within both bay and estuarine ecosystems driven by different hydrodynamic conditions.A comparative analysis of global estuaries and bays revealed that specific land-use types and hydrodynamic conditions produced similar trends in antibiotic fate.These insights offered new perspectives to safeguard the health of estuarine and bay ecosystems,such as altering landscape patterns and regulating aquaculture activities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2350008)the STI2030-Major Projects[2021ZD0203000(2021ZD0203003)]the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence,Zhejiang University(BMI2400014).
文摘Addiction,a complex and chronic neurobiological disorder,is characterized by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequences,leading to persistent alterations in brain function,particularly within the reward,motivation,and decision-making systems.Despite the availability of a range of treatment options,including pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapies,relapse remains a major challenge,with many individuals struggling to maintain long-term recovery.Current treatments often show limited efficacy,underscoring the need for novel therapeutic strategies that can address the underlying neurobiological disruptions in addiction.
基金supported by the General Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education of China(24YJA790085)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Beijing Institute of Technology,China(2024CX01020)。
文摘In China,farmers have increasingly adopted direct-seeded rice(DSR).While various impacts of DSR have been studied,limited evidence exists regarding the effect of DSR adoption on pesticide use.This study examines the impact of DSR adoption on pesticide use utilizing data from a 2018 survey of 982 rice farmers in China's Yangtze River Basin.The endogenous treatment-regression and switching regression models are employed to address self-selection bias.The results indicate that,after accounting for self-selection,DSR adopters spend 401.72 CNY ha^(-1) more on pesticides compared to non-adopters.Although DSR adoption significantly increases the use of insecticides,fungicides and herbicides,its impact is most pronounced for insecticide expenditure and least pronounced for herbicide expenditure.The findings remain robust when altering the dependent variable,truncating the research sample,and modifying the estimation method.Heterogeneous analysis reveals that DSR adoption has a stronger positive impact on pesticide expenditure among farmers below 60 years of age,with at least 6 years of education,and managing rice sown areas less than 2 ha.Based on these findings,this study recommends enhancing complementary techniques for DSR,improving the dissemination of DSR cultivation technologies,and strengthening socialized services.This research provides a comprehensive assessment of DSR's advantages and disadvantages,particularly regarding pesticide use,offering important policy implications for pesticide reduction.
基金funded by Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education(MOHE)under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS/1/2023/SSI07/MMU/02/3)which is awarded to the Multimedia University.The project is led by the second author.
文摘Background:Music has proven to be vital in enhancing resilience and promotingwell-being.Previously,the impact of music in sports environments was solely investigated,while this paper applies it to study environments,standing out as pioneering research.The study consists of a systematic development of a conceptual framework based on theories of Uses and Gratification Expectancy(UGE)and perceived motivation based on music elements.Their components are observed variables influencing students’psychological well-being(as the dependent variable).Resilience is examined as a mediator,influencing the relationships of both observed and dependent variables.The main purpose of this study is to highlight the positive effects of online music consumption on the psychological well-being of students.Methods:Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with eighteen final year creative multimedia undergraduate students belonging to five central region Malaysian universities,especially on their UGE needs,and a similar concept survey instrument with two hundred participants.The interview data were analysed through thematic analysis,while the survey data through descriptive and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling(PLS-SEM).Results:The results highlight that students gain motivation from online music,which positively affects their psychological well-being(β=0.190,p=0.003,f^(2)=0.037),while resilience significantly affects this relationship(β=0.562,p<0.001,f^(2)=0.461).However,the results also predict a partial relationship between constructs based on UGE with psychological well-being,mediated by resilience,i.e.,AT-UGE(β=0.021,p=0.783,f^(2)=0.000),SIPI-UGE(β=0.228,p=0.004,f^(2)=0.044).Conclusion:The outcome of the study reflected practical,meaningful,and statistically significant results.The majority of the predictors,with the exception of one,i.e.,AT-UGE,displayed a clear positive relation of online music consumption on the Psychological Well-being of students.Future research will explore varying contextual factors impacting online music-related gratifications,motivations,and resilience,along with additional potential mediators and moderators.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071960)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300603)。
文摘In maize production,the development of density-tolerant and lodging-resistant varieties has made dense planting an effective strategy for achieving high and stable yields,with superior hybrids serving as a prerequisite for successful highdensity cultivation.However,the photosynthetic mechanisms underlying improved density tolerance in maize hybrids released across different eras in China remain unclear.This study investigates 40 years of breeding progress toward enhanced photosynthetic traits under varying planting densities and elucidates the physiological and ecological bases of improved density tolerance in maize hybrids.A three-year field experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2021 to compare eight major Chinese hybrids from four decadal cohorts under three planting densities:45,000(D1),67,500(D2),and 90,000(D3)plants ha^(-1).At high density(D3),modern hybrids exhibited a more optimal canopy architecture and superior leaf photosynthetic performance compared to older hybrids,despite a slight reduction in specific leaf nitrogen.Notably,modern hybrids(2000s)were able to maintain higher net photosynthetic rates and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency(PNUE)at D3,resulting in the highest grain yield(GY),which was 118.47%greater than that of older hybrids(1970s).Leaf area duration after anthesis,total chlorophyll content,key photosynthetic enzyme activities,and maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry were all positively correlated with GY.Among these,PNUE showed the strongest correlation with grain yield and thus represents a key indicator for optimizing maize hybrids.Based on these findings,breeders should continue selecting hybrids under high-density and suboptimal conditions,focusing on optimizing population architecture and enhancing photosynthetic capacity while fine-tuning leaf nitrogen status to develop high-yielding,density-tolerant hybrids capable of sustaining long-term increases in maize grain yield.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U23A20651)the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Foundation(No.2023ZYDF022)+1 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024ZDZX0031)the Open Fund Project of State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines(No.SKLMRDPC23KF19).
文摘Under complex working conditions,accurate prediction of the remaining useful life(RUL)of lithium-ion batteries is of great significance to ensure the stable operation of energy storage systems,the safe driving of electric vehicles,and the continuous power supply of electronic devices.This paper systematically describes the RUL prediction methods of lithium-ion batteries and comprehensively summarizes the development status and future trends in this field.First,the battery degradation mechanisms and lightweight data acquisition are analyzed.Secondly,a systematic classification model is constructed for the more widely used lithium battery RUL prediction methods,and the application characteristics and implementation limitations of different methods are analyzed in detail.An innovative classification framework for hybrid methods is proposed based on the depth of physical-data interaction.Then,collaborative modelling of calendar ageing and cyclic ageing is discussed,revealing their coupled effects and corresponding RUL prediction methods.Finally,the technical bottlenecks faced by the current RUL prediction of lithium batteries are identified,potential solutions are proposed,and the future development trends are outlined.
基金National Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program(2022FY101901-2)。
文摘As a tropical island confronting the dual imperatives of tourism-driven economic growth and ecological vulnerability,Hainan's land-use sustainability critically impacts both regional development and coastal ecosystem security.This study employs a coupled PLUS-InVEST modeling framework to analyze land-use changes and habitat quality dynamics from 2000 to 2020,projecting ecological outcomes under three development scenarios for 2030.Key findings reveal:(1)A persistent bimodal habitat distribution pattern,with high-quality areas concentrated in the central forest zone and degraded areas in coastal peripheries,exhibiting a continuous decline over the 20-year period.(2)Accelerated urbanization between 2010 and 2020 resulted in the conversion of ecological land to construction use,correlating strongly with habitat fragmentation intensity.(3)Baseline projections for 2030 indicate that construction land will dominate new conversions.(4)Ecological protection scenarios demonstrate recoverable habitat potentials,particularly within coastal buffer zones.These findings provide empirical validation of scenario-driven land-use planning as a viable tool for island ecosystems,highlighting the critical need to balance tourism infrastructure development with coastal conservation imperatives in tropical island sustainability management.This methodology advances spatial decision-making for balancing island economic growth with biodiversity preservation,offering replicable strategies for global island ecosystems facing similar sustainability challenges.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42477044,32171648 and U23A2017)the Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Program,China(2025AFD451 and 2022CFB030)。
文摘Insight into the carbon turnover in soil aggregates and density fractions is essential for reducing the uncertainty in estimating carbon pools on the Tibetan Plateau,and how they vary with land use type is unclear.In this study,the effect of land use type on carbon storage and fractionation was quantified based on organic carbon and its^(13)C abundance at the microscale of soil aggregates and density fractions in Tibetan alpine ecosystems.The sequence of soil aggregate destruction in the land use types of plantation(13.1%)<shrubland(32.7%)<grassland(47.9%)<farmland(61.8%)shows that plantations strengthen the soil structure.Plantation land had a greater contribution of light fraction organic carbon(28.3%)but a lower contribution of mineral-associated organic carbon(40.6%)to the carbon stock compared to farmland(13.5 and 70.3%).Interestingly,plantation land enhanced the aggregational differentiation of organic carbon and^(13)C in each density fraction,whereas no such phenomenon existed in the soil organic carbon.Carbon isotope analyses revealed that carbon transfer in the plantation land occurred from the light fraction in macroaggregates(–24.9‰)to the mineral-associated fraction in microaggregates(–19.9‰).When compared to the other three land use types,the low transferability of carbon in aggregates and density fractions in plantation land provides a stable carbon pool for the Tibetan Plateau.This study shows that plantations can mitigate global climate change by slowing carbon transfer and increasing carbon storage at the microscale of aggregates and density fractions in alpine regions.
基金funded by the Yunnan Provincial Key Programs for Basic Research Project,China(202301AS070087)the Yunnan Provincial R&D Program,China(202405AF140014 and 202302AO370015)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42307058).
文摘Soil organic carbon(SOC)dynamics significantly influence ecosystem carbon source-sink balance,particularly in agroecosystems.However,uncertainty remains regarding optimal land use types for maximizing farmland carbon storage across different soil types,and identifying effective land management practices for enhanced carbon accumulation is essential for reducing agricultural emissions and strengthening carbon sinks.This study examined SOC variations in eastern Yunnan’s subtropical highlands(2,132 sites),analyzing topsoil(0–20 cm)across five land uses(dryland,irrigated land,forestland,grassland and plantation)of five soil types(red,yellow,yellowbrown,brown,purple).The investigation explored relationships between SOC and edaphic factors(26 elements)to determine SOC influencing factors.The study area demonstrated a mean SOC content of 27.78 g kg^(–1),with distinct spatial heterogeneity characterized by lower values in the southwestern sector and higher concentrations in the northeastern region.Brown soils displayed the highest SOC content(P<0.05),followed by yellow-brown then red,yellow,and purple soils.Irrigation significantly enhanced SOC storage,particularly in brown soils where irrigated land contained 2.2-,2.4-,and 1.6-times higher SOC than forestland,grassland,and dryland,respectively.Similar irrigation benefits occurred in purple,yellow,and yellow-brown soils,indicating moisture limitation as the primary SOC constraint.Notably,SOC exhibited strong positive correlations with nitrogen,sulfur,and selenium.Nitrogen fertilization demonstrated dual benefits:enhancing SOC sequestration and promoting Se enrichment in crops,potentially supporting specialty agriculture.Although land use impacts on SOC varied across soil types(P>0.05),irrigation consistently emerged as the optimal management for carbon sink enhancement.These findings suggest that targeted water management could effectively reduce farmland carbon emissions in moisture-limited subtropical highlands.Strategic nitrogen application offers co-benefits for soil fertility and selenium biofortification,providing practical pathways for climate-smart agriculture in similar ecoregions.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Clinical Evaluation Technology for Human Experience with Chinese Medicine,Science and Technology Innovation Project of Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration(2022ZDB06)the Jointly Funded Project by Guangzhou Science and Technology Bureau,Research Institutes and Enterprises(2024A03j0355)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome"Unveiling the List and Taking on Leadership"Project(SKLKY2025C0013)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2025YFC3507902).
文摘The development of pattern-based traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)compound preparations constitutes a core domain that represents the principle of pattern differentiation-based treatment,a hallmark of TCM.However,the field has long been constrained by scientific and regulatory challenges in animal modeling,efficacy evaluation,and clinical positioning.This article proposes a new research and development(R&D)paradigm strategically based on human use experience(HUE)and centered on the patient as the key to overcoming these bottlenecks and achieving high-quality progress.We systematically dissect the traditional problems in this field and demonstrate the pivotal role of high-quality HUE in enabling precise clinical positioning and optimizing R&D pathways(e.g.,applying for exemptions from non-clinical studies).HUE guides the implementation of the“pattern-symptom integration”model.Furthermore,we detail the implementation of the patient-centered concept throughout the process of clinical trial design,collection of patients’experience data,clinical outcome assessment,and benefit-risk assessment.The integrative application of artificial intelligence in the R&D of pattern-based TCM drugs is also specifically explored.By synthesizing the“TCM theory,HUE,and clinical trials”evidence system,this article aims to provide a systematic strategic framework for establishing an R&D pathway that adheres to the intrinsic principles of TCM while simultaneously meeting modern scientific standards.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1900700)。
文摘The development of wheat cultivars with improved nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)use efficiency is essential for sustainable agriculture.Genetic dissection and identification of causative genes underlying nutrient use efficiency represent a key strategy toward this goal.We conducted an extensive genome-wide association study(GWAS)using a panel of 431 wheat cultivars,identifying 1,659 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)(LOD>5)through genotyping-by-sequencing.This analysis revealed 534 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)associated with 12 nutrient use efficiency traits across five distinct environments,among which 14 QTLs were consistently detected in at least three environments.Notably,meta-QTL analysis,showed that QTL80(72.12–74.24 Mb,chr2A),QTL387(32.88–33.56 Mb,chr6A),and QTL500(535.53–540.80 Mb,chr7B)exhibit clear co-localization with MQTL-2A-2,MQTL-6A-1,and MQTL-7B-2,respectively.This overlap highlights their robustness across diverse environmental conditions.Within these regions,critical candidate genes-including members of the bZIP transcription factor family and a potassium transporter gene-were identified in relation to nutrient use efficiency.Furthermore,a novel locus,QTL234,was discovered,harboring key candidate genes such as dof zinc finger protein,Ankyrin repeat family protein,and cytochrome P450.To validate the SNP within QTL234 associated with nitrogen harvest index(NHI),we developed a dCAPS marker for AX-109095537.These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of high-resolution SNP-based GWAS in rapidly pinpointing promising candidate genes.They also establish a foundation for large-scale QTL fine mapping,candidate gene validation,and the development of functional markers essential for enhancing nutrient use efficiency in wheat breeding programs.
基金financially supported by the Tianshan Talent Development Program,China for Yali Zhangthe Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,China(2024DA002)the Earmarked Fund for XJARS-Cotton,China(XJARS-03)。
文摘Hydraulic theory predicts a positive coupling between leaf hydraulic conductance(K_(leaf))and stomatal conductance(g_(s));however,this theory has not been fully supported by observations,and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.Partitioning K_(leaf)into inside-xylem(K_(x))and outside-xylem(K_(ox))components offers a refined framework for elucidating the regulation of g_(s) by leaf hydraulics.While optimal planting density may enhance water use efficiency(WUE)through modulation of g_(s),corresponding changes in leaf hydraulic properties and their influence on gas exchange remain unclear.We examined relationships among K_(x),K_(ox),g_(s),leaf photosynthetic rate(A_(N)),and WUE,and analyzed the structural determinants of K_(ox)in cotton grown under eight planting densities:12,18,24,36,48,60,72,and 84 plants m^(–2).Results showed that as planting density increased,K_(leaf)and A_(N) remained stable,whereas K_(ox)and g_(s) declined significantly.Leaf thickness and the volume fraction of inter-cellular air space were key structural factors influencing K_(ox).Neither K_(leaf)nor K_(x)correlated with A_(N) or g_(s);however,K_(ox)exhibited a significant positive correlation with g_(s).Furthermore,K_(ox)was negatively correlated with WUE.These findings indicate that K_(ox)modulates g_(s) to minimize water loss without compromising A_(N),thereby enhancing WUE in cotton across varying planting densities.
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Key Special Project for Marine Environmental Security and Sustainable Development of Coral Reefs 2022-102)National Science Foundation of China(No.42471129)Basic Research Program of Guangzhou Science and Technology Bureau(No.202201010341).
文摘Water use adaptive strategies for plants on tropical islands are far less clear than those in continental environments,largely because plants in tropical ecosystems are normally exposed to abundant solar energy.Thus,clarifying the characteristics of water conservation and uptake patterns by plants is critical for understanding the plant water adaptation in tropical ecosystems.To address this issue,we investigated the water retention capacity of litter from the dominant tree species(Casuarina equisetifolia)on a tropical island.Theδ^(2)H andδ^(18)O of the xylem water and soil water under the tree canopy,as well as theδ^(13)C in the needle-like twigs,were measured to explore the water use characteristics.Our findings revealed that the maximum water retention capacity of the litter ranged from 164.14 to 175.21 t/ha,indicating that the Casuarina litter is capable of soil water conservation,thus increasing soil water availability for plants.The major water uptake sources for the Casuarina trees tended to consist of water from shallow soil layers(10-20 cm)at peripheral canopy zones and revealing pronounced spatial heterogeneity.Moreover,compared with those in a continental coastal region,the water use efficiency of Casuarina trees on a tropical island was greater.Our results suggest that the ecological strategies used by Casuarina trees for soil water conservation and water use patterns on tropical island are diverse.Therefore,these findings provide insights into the biophysical effects of vegetation on soil water availability as well as the physiological acclimation strategies adopted by plants in tropical island ecosystems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.72474216。
文摘Land use conflicts(LUCs)pose a major challenge to urbanization,and their effective regulation is essential for promoting sustainable regional land use.However,the influence of urban development on conflicts has often been overlooked.This study developed an index system from three dimensions—agricultural production,residential life,and ecological security—and quantified LUCs in China using spatial statistics and a coupling relationship matrix.It further explored the spatial relationships between conflict types and urban built-up areas(UBA)through accessibility analysis,and applied regression analysis to reveal the spatial evolution of conflicts from an urban-scale perspective.The results showed that agricultural-construction conflicts were concentrated in the eastern plains,while agricultural-ecological conflicts prevailed in the mountainous areas in the western region.Spatial distribution of the distance from conflicts to UBA(DCU)exhibited a clear east-west gradient,being closer in the east(less than 20 km)and farther in the west.Between 2000 and 2020,LUCs moved progressively closer to UBA,except in the ecologically fragile western region.For all urban hierarchies except small cities,the average distance was below 10 km;megacities exhibited the shortest DCU,roughly half that of small cities.Moreover,LUCs displayed significant hierarchical scale effects:as urban size increased,distance tended to decrease in a non-linear pattern,with the steepest decline occurring in central China.Land management authorities should work to curb sprawling urban development.Overall,this study provides new insights into the spatial evolution of LUCs and contributes to more sustainable land use management.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42377326 and 42201267)National Research-Development Support Plan Projects of China(Grant No.2017YFC05054)the Fujian Provincial Water Resources Department Science and Technology Project(MSK202308)。
文摘The Guangdong,Jiangxi and Fujian(GJF)provinces,located in the subtropical region of southeastern China,is one of the national key regions for soil erosion control and ecological restoration.This region is characterized by extensive red soil development and high rainfall erosivity,making it a representative landscape for exploring the interactions between land use change(LUC)and ecosystem services(ES).Despite the recognized importance of ES in hilly regions,comprehensive assessing the impacts of LUC on ES remain limited.This study investigates five key ES:water yield,soil conservation,carbon conservation,food supply,and habitat quality in GJF region from 2000 to 2020.By applying the InVEST model and the Geodetector method,we assessed the trade-offs,synergies,and transitions among ES,identified the natural and social drivers of ES dynamics,and quantified the contribution of LUC to ES changes using the ecosystem service contribution index.The results showed that cropland and woodland were the dominant land use types.Ecological restoration efforts positively influenced ES,with synergies intensifying and trade-offs diminishing over time.Land use conversions,particularly among woodland,grassland,and cropland,exerted significant impacts on ES.In particular,the conversion of woodland to other land uses had markedly negative effects on soil conservation,carbon conservation,and habitat quality.Forest cover was identified as a major driver of ES dynamics.These findings highlight the importance of maintaining and expanding forest and grassland cover,strengthening red soil conservation,and optimizing land use structure to achieve coordinated ecological protection and socioeconomic development in the subtropical hilly regions of southern China.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2300304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272197 and 32071944)+2 种基金the Hong Kong Research Grants Council,China(GRF 14177617,12103219,12103220,and AoE/M-403/16)the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology(Strategic Collaborative Projects)at the Chinese University of Hong Kong,Chinathe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(PAPD)。
文摘Lodging is a primary factor limiting rice grain yield.Achieving synergistic improvements in grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)without increasing lodging risk has been a global research priority.In this study,two rice cultivars-Yongyou 2640(indica–japonica hybrid rice)and Jinxiangyu 1(inbred japonica rice)-were evaluated in field experiments conducted over two growing seasons.Six nitrogen management strategies were implemented:no nitrogen(T1),conventional urea(T2),controlled-release nitrogen(CRN)(T3),reduction of CRN(T4),CRN combined with single basal application of conventional urea(T5),and CRN combined with split applications of conventional urea(T6).Compared with T2,the integrated nitrogen strategies(T5 and T6)increased NUE by 4.89–5.69%and grain yield by 3.41–4.65%.These treatments also enhanced structural integrity of the second basal internode,evidenced by increased carbohydrate content,internode breaking strength,epidermal silicon layer thickness,number of large and small vascular bundles,and thickness of both parenchymatous and mechanical tissues.Concurrently,internode length,bending moment,and lodging index were reduced.Collectively,these findings indicate that integrating CRN with conventional urea improves morphological,mechanical,physicochemical,and anatomical properties of the second basal internode,thereby enhancing stem strength and enabling high yield and NUE without compromising lodging resistance.
