The introduction of the digital renminbi(eCNY)by the People’s Bank of China serves as a means for the central bank to effectively comprehend macroeconomic dynamics and enhance payment infrastructure within the domest...The introduction of the digital renminbi(eCNY)by the People’s Bank of China serves as a means for the central bank to effectively comprehend macroeconomic dynamics and enhance payment infrastructure within the domestic market.Among the pioneering digital currencies,the eCNY is at the forefront of technological research and development,pilot implementation,and the establishment of a robust system.Thus,employing the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology,this study aims to explore the factors shaping the adoption of the eCNY and to determine the mediating effects of intention toward the eCNY and the moderating role of age and gender among various relationships.A cross-sectional survey methodology was deployed to collect data from pilot communities situated within the Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta,and Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei regions.The empirical analysis comprised 809 valid online questionnaires,and the examination was conducted through structural equation modeling employing the partial least squares technique,ultimately subjecting the conceptual model to a comprehensive assessment.The results for intention to use the eCNY indicate that performance expectancy,effort expectancy,social influence,and perceived government policy have significant effects.Facilitating conditions and intentions toward the eCNY positively influenced its actual use.According to the findings of this study,age and sex did not moderate the effect of each hypothesis on the intention to use in the research model.This study breaks new ground by investigating the adoption of the eCNY,a novel form of currency,highlighting its multifaceted nature and providing empirical evidence for a comprehensive model encompassing psychological,social,and contextual factors.This study employs social surveys to identify obstacles in the process of promoting the widespread adoption of the eCNY and offers suggestions to the central bank and government to increase user enthusiasm and decrease user perceptions of risk,thereby promoting its widespread adoption.展开更多
Codon usage is the selective and nonrandom use of synonymous codons to encode amino acids in genes for proteins. The analysis of codon usage may improve the understanding of cocion preferences between different specie...Codon usage is the selective and nonrandom use of synonymous codons to encode amino acids in genes for proteins. The analysis of codon usage may improve the understanding of cocion preferences between different species and allow to rebuild the codons of exogenous genes to increase the expression efficiency of exogenous genes, Here, codon DNA sequence （CDS） of four poplar species, including Populus tremuloides Michx., P. tomentosa Carr., P. deltoides Marsh., and P. trichocarpa Torr. ＆ Gray., is used to analyze the relative frequency of synonymous codon （RFSC）. High-frequency codons are selected by high-frequency （HF） codon analysis. The results indicate that the codon usage is common for all four poplar species and the codon preference is quite similar among the four poplar species. However, CCT encoding for Pro, and ACT coding for Thr are the preferred codons in P. tremuloides and P. tomentosa, whereas CCA coding for Pro, and ACA coding for Thr are preferred in P. deltoides and P. trichocarpa The codons such as TGC coding for Cys, TTC coding for Phe, and AAG coding for Lys, are preferred in the poplar species except P trichocarpa. GAG coding for Glu is preferred only in P deltoides, while the other three poplar species prefer to use GAA. The commonness of preferred codon allows exogenous gene designed by the preferred cocion of one of the different poplar species to be used in other poplar species.展开更多
[目的/意义]对比分析相同主题的不同类型科学文献的使用行为,利用用户学术行为数据全面测评学术论文影响力。[方法/过程]基于Web of Science数据库中学术论文使用次数,分析比较不同学科文献的使用差异。从文献使用入手,收集2013-2017年3...[目的/意义]对比分析相同主题的不同类型科学文献的使用行为,利用用户学术行为数据全面测评学术论文影响力。[方法/过程]基于Web of Science数据库中学术论文使用次数,分析比较不同学科文献的使用差异。从文献使用入手,收集2013-2017年3D打印领域的论文数据,以化学、工程文献为对比分析对象,从论文的学科视角分析使用次数与被引频次之间的相关性,分析高使用与高引用(Top 10%)论文的重合文献,探测文献使用差异,并进行独立样本T检验。[结果/结论]U1与被引次数成微弱正相关,U2与被引次数显著性相关;两学科的科学论文在使用上存在统计学意义上的显著差异,可能原因是不同学科学者的文献使用行为不同。此外,文献类型对使用次数有影响,综述类文献信息量较为丰富,从而可以获得更多的使用、引用。展开更多
新型数据的涌现一直是推动信息计量学前行的重要动力,Web of Science(Wo S)给出的学术文献用量级数据Usage可望在影响力维度、学科差异、行为动机三个理论方面为引文分析提供补充视角。本研究以2013年物理学、计算机、经济学和图书情报...新型数据的涌现一直是推动信息计量学前行的重要动力,Web of Science(Wo S)给出的学术文献用量级数据Usage可望在影响力维度、学科差异、行为动机三个理论方面为引文分析提供补充视角。本研究以2013年物理学、计算机、经济学和图书情报学被SCI和SSCI收录的166 767篇论文为研究样本,探索性地研究了该Usage数据的测度特征。结果显示,相较于引文数据,Usage更具测评区分度与敏感性;其在高频局部呈现出近似正偏态分布,于累积整体涌现出近似幂律分布;Usage的测评结果具有独立性,且与引文结果没有本质对立。虽然Wo S平台的Usage仍有笼统性、可伪性和封闭性之局限,但仍不失为配合引文数据、提供丰富影响力测评视域的可能选择之一。图4。表6。参考文献23。展开更多
Ambiguity is a unique linguistic feature and is caused by many factors. This paper first introduces the definitions of ambiguity and then mainly illustrates ambiguity in our daily language usage in both English and Ch...Ambiguity is a unique linguistic feature and is caused by many factors. This paper first introduces the definitions of ambiguity and then mainly illustrates ambiguity in our daily language usage in both English and Chinese from phonetic level and syntactic level. People can learn the relationships among those levels and grasp the rule of learning language. Thus, people can realize the complexity and importance of using language and know that it is not easy to express ideas accurately.展开更多
The synonymous codon usage in the translational initiation and termination regions of genes of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and five other viruses in Coronaviridae was systematically analyzed.T...The synonymous codon usage in the translational initiation and termination regions of genes of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and five other viruses in Coronaviridae was systematically analyzed.The results indicate that most minor codons for these coronaviruses are preferentially used in the initial and terminal region.The minor codons preferentially used in the initial region are thought to have a negative effect on gene expression,which can be explained by the minor codon modulator hypothesis.It also indicates that the minor codons preferentially used in the terminal region may regulate the level of gene expression.The proposed results strongly imply that the minor codon modulator hypothesis can be applied to both some bacteria and some viruses.展开更多
Based on lawn function theory and urban planning perspectives, functions of urban lawns were analyzed, status and prospect of the multiple usages of lawn were revealed. Urban lawn was concluded as an important part of...Based on lawn function theory and urban planning perspectives, functions of urban lawns were analyzed, status and prospect of the multiple usages of lawn were revealed. Urban lawn was concluded as an important part of modern urban greening, moveover, it has been integrated in people's lives gradually by playing a significant role in people's work, studying, leisure, urban disaster prevention and mitigation. At the same time, problems rise from the multiple usages of lawn were discussed and improvement suggestions were put forward.展开更多
Apple（Malus×domestica） has been proposed as an important woody plant and the major cultivated fruit trees in temperate regions. Apple whole genome sequencing has been completed, which provided an excellent oppo...Apple（Malus×domestica） has been proposed as an important woody plant and the major cultivated fruit trees in temperate regions. Apple whole genome sequencing has been completed, which provided an excellent opportunity for genome-wide analysis of the synonymous codon usage patterns. In this study, a multivariate bioinformatics analysis was performed to reveal the characteristics of synonymous codon usage and the main factors affecting codon bias in apple. The neutrality, correspondence, and correlation analyses were performed by Codon W and SPSS（Statistical Product and Service Solutions） programs, indicating that the apple genome codon usage patterns were affected by mutational pressure and selective constraint. Meanwhile, coding sequence length and the hydrophobicity of proteins could also influence the codon usage patterns. In short, codon usage pattern analysis and determination of optimal codons has laid an important theoretical basis for genetic engineering, gene prediction and molecular evolution studies in apple.展开更多
A comparative analysis of the codon usage bias was conducted in Methanosarcina mazei str. Goel and two related Euryarchaeota microorganisms （Picrophilus torridus str. DSM 9790 and Natronomonas pharaonis str. DSM 2160...A comparative analysis of the codon usage bias was conducted in Methanosarcina mazei str. Goel and two related Euryarchaeota microorganisms （Picrophilus torridus str. DSM 9790 and Natronomonas pharaonis str. DSM 2160）. Results revealed that synonymous codon usage in Methanosarcina mazei str. Goel was less biased, which was highly correlated with the GC3S value. And the codon usage patterns were phylogenetically conserved among those Euryarchaeota microorganisms. By employing a hierarchical clustering analysis, it can be seen that it is more the species than the gene function that determines their gene codon usage pattems. Considering that those microorganisms live in different environments where the pH conditions vary quite a lot, it can be presumed that their living environments, especially the pH conditions, play an important role in determining those microorganisms＇ codon usage pattems.展开更多
Codon usage in chloroplast genome of six seed plants （Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus alba, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, Pinus koraiensis and Cycas taitungensis） was analyzed to find general patterns of codon usage in...Codon usage in chloroplast genome of six seed plants （Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus alba, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, Pinus koraiensis and Cycas taitungensis） was analyzed to find general patterns of codon usage in chloroplast genomes of seed plants. The results show that chloroplast genomes of the six seed plants had similar codon usage patterns, with a strong bias towards a high representation of NNA and NNT codons. In chloroplast genomes of the six seed plants, the effective number of codons （ENC） for most genes was similar to that of the expected ENC based on the GC content at the third codon position, but several genes with low ENC values were laying below the expected curve. All of these data indicate that codon usage was dominated by a mutational bias in chloroplast genomes of seed plants and that selection appeared to be limited to a subset of genes and to only subtly affect codon usage. Meantime, four, six, eight, nine, ten and 12 codons were defined as the optimal codons in chloroplast genomes of the six seed plants.展开更多
基金funded by Jiangsu Education Department(Ref.No.2022SJYB0750).
文摘The introduction of the digital renminbi(eCNY)by the People’s Bank of China serves as a means for the central bank to effectively comprehend macroeconomic dynamics and enhance payment infrastructure within the domestic market.Among the pioneering digital currencies,the eCNY is at the forefront of technological research and development,pilot implementation,and the establishment of a robust system.Thus,employing the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology,this study aims to explore the factors shaping the adoption of the eCNY and to determine the mediating effects of intention toward the eCNY and the moderating role of age and gender among various relationships.A cross-sectional survey methodology was deployed to collect data from pilot communities situated within the Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta,and Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei regions.The empirical analysis comprised 809 valid online questionnaires,and the examination was conducted through structural equation modeling employing the partial least squares technique,ultimately subjecting the conceptual model to a comprehensive assessment.The results for intention to use the eCNY indicate that performance expectancy,effort expectancy,social influence,and perceived government policy have significant effects.Facilitating conditions and intentions toward the eCNY positively influenced its actual use.According to the findings of this study,age and sex did not moderate the effect of each hypothesis on the intention to use in the research model.This study breaks new ground by investigating the adoption of the eCNY,a novel form of currency,highlighting its multifaceted nature and providing empirical evidence for a comprehensive model encompassing psychological,social,and contextual factors.This study employs social surveys to identify obstacles in the process of promoting the widespread adoption of the eCNY and offers suggestions to the central bank and government to increase user enthusiasm and decrease user perceptions of risk,thereby promoting its widespread adoption.
基金This work was supported by the National Major Basic Research and Development Program(No.TG1999016004)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.BK2003213).
文摘Codon usage is the selective and nonrandom use of synonymous codons to encode amino acids in genes for proteins. The analysis of codon usage may improve the understanding of cocion preferences between different species and allow to rebuild the codons of exogenous genes to increase the expression efficiency of exogenous genes, Here, codon DNA sequence （CDS） of four poplar species, including Populus tremuloides Michx., P. tomentosa Carr., P. deltoides Marsh., and P. trichocarpa Torr. ＆ Gray., is used to analyze the relative frequency of synonymous codon （RFSC）. High-frequency codons are selected by high-frequency （HF） codon analysis. The results indicate that the codon usage is common for all four poplar species and the codon preference is quite similar among the four poplar species. However, CCT encoding for Pro, and ACT coding for Thr are the preferred codons in P. tremuloides and P. tomentosa, whereas CCA coding for Pro, and ACA coding for Thr are preferred in P. deltoides and P. trichocarpa The codons such as TGC coding for Cys, TTC coding for Phe, and AAG coding for Lys, are preferred in the poplar species except P trichocarpa. GAG coding for Glu is preferred only in P deltoides, while the other three poplar species prefer to use GAA. The commonness of preferred codon allows exogenous gene designed by the preferred cocion of one of the different poplar species to be used in other poplar species.
文摘[目的/意义]对比分析相同主题的不同类型科学文献的使用行为,利用用户学术行为数据全面测评学术论文影响力。[方法/过程]基于Web of Science数据库中学术论文使用次数,分析比较不同学科文献的使用差异。从文献使用入手,收集2013-2017年3D打印领域的论文数据,以化学、工程文献为对比分析对象,从论文的学科视角分析使用次数与被引频次之间的相关性,分析高使用与高引用(Top 10%)论文的重合文献,探测文献使用差异,并进行独立样本T检验。[结果/结论]U1与被引次数成微弱正相关,U2与被引次数显著性相关;两学科的科学论文在使用上存在统计学意义上的显著差异,可能原因是不同学科学者的文献使用行为不同。此外,文献类型对使用次数有影响,综述类文献信息量较为丰富,从而可以获得更多的使用、引用。
文摘Ambiguity is a unique linguistic feature and is caused by many factors. This paper first introduces the definitions of ambiguity and then mainly illustrates ambiguity in our daily language usage in both English and Chinese from phonetic level and syntactic level. People can learn the relationships among those levels and grasp the rule of learning language. Thus, people can realize the complexity and importance of using language and know that it is not easy to express ideas accurately.
文摘The synonymous codon usage in the translational initiation and termination regions of genes of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and five other viruses in Coronaviridae was systematically analyzed.The results indicate that most minor codons for these coronaviruses are preferentially used in the initial and terminal region.The minor codons preferentially used in the initial region are thought to have a negative effect on gene expression,which can be explained by the minor codon modulator hypothesis.It also indicates that the minor codons preferentially used in the terminal region may regulate the level of gene expression.The proposed results strongly imply that the minor codon modulator hypothesis can be applied to both some bacteria and some viruses.
文摘Based on lawn function theory and urban planning perspectives, functions of urban lawns were analyzed, status and prospect of the multiple usages of lawn were revealed. Urban lawn was concluded as an important part of modern urban greening, moveover, it has been integrated in people's lives gradually by playing a significant role in people's work, studying, leisure, urban disaster prevention and mitigation. At the same time, problems rise from the multiple usages of lawn were discussed and improvement suggestions were put forward.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31401822)
文摘Apple（Malus×domestica） has been proposed as an important woody plant and the major cultivated fruit trees in temperate regions. Apple whole genome sequencing has been completed, which provided an excellent opportunity for genome-wide analysis of the synonymous codon usage patterns. In this study, a multivariate bioinformatics analysis was performed to reveal the characteristics of synonymous codon usage and the main factors affecting codon bias in apple. The neutrality, correspondence, and correlation analyses were performed by Codon W and SPSS（Statistical Product and Service Solutions） programs, indicating that the apple genome codon usage patterns were affected by mutational pressure and selective constraint. Meanwhile, coding sequence length and the hydrophobicity of proteins could also influence the codon usage patterns. In short, codon usage pattern analysis and determination of optimal codons has laid an important theoretical basis for genetic engineering, gene prediction and molecular evolution studies in apple.
文摘A comparative analysis of the codon usage bias was conducted in Methanosarcina mazei str. Goel and two related Euryarchaeota microorganisms （Picrophilus torridus str. DSM 9790 and Natronomonas pharaonis str. DSM 2160）. Results revealed that synonymous codon usage in Methanosarcina mazei str. Goel was less biased, which was highly correlated with the GC3S value. And the codon usage patterns were phylogenetically conserved among those Euryarchaeota microorganisms. By employing a hierarchical clustering analysis, it can be seen that it is more the species than the gene function that determines their gene codon usage pattems. Considering that those microorganisms live in different environments where the pH conditions vary quite a lot, it can be presumed that their living environments, especially the pH conditions, play an important role in determining those microorganisms＇ codon usage pattems.
基金supported in part by the Hi-Tech Re-search and Development Program of China ("863" Program) (No. 2007AA02Z329)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20060213024)
文摘Codon usage in chloroplast genome of six seed plants （Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus alba, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, Pinus koraiensis and Cycas taitungensis） was analyzed to find general patterns of codon usage in chloroplast genomes of seed plants. The results show that chloroplast genomes of the six seed plants had similar codon usage patterns, with a strong bias towards a high representation of NNA and NNT codons. In chloroplast genomes of the six seed plants, the effective number of codons （ENC） for most genes was similar to that of the expected ENC based on the GC content at the third codon position, but several genes with low ENC values were laying below the expected curve. All of these data indicate that codon usage was dominated by a mutational bias in chloroplast genomes of seed plants and that selection appeared to be limited to a subset of genes and to only subtly affect codon usage. Meantime, four, six, eight, nine, ten and 12 codons were defined as the optimal codons in chloroplast genomes of the six seed plants.
